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Mortis A, Malzacher J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Reactivity of a Neutral Yttrium(III) Trimethyl Complex toward Brønsted and Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401687. [PMID: 38747419 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study corroborates that the neutral tridentate N-ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-triazacyclononane (Me3TACN) qualifies as a versatile platform to study selective ligand exchange with rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes, herein [(Me3TACN)YMe3]. Treatment with Brønsted-acidic bis(dimethylsilyl)amine, HN(SiHMe2)2, gave selectively the mono-exchanged heteroleptic complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2{N(SiHMe2)2}]. Depending on the molecular ratio employed, the reaction of [(Me3TACN)YMe3] with AlMe3 resulted in the isolation/crystallization of [(Me3TACN)YMe2(AlMe4)] [1 : 1] or ion-separated [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][AlMe4] [1 : 2] and [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][Al2Me7] [1 : 3]. Analogous reactions with the heavier group 13 methyls GaMe3 and InMe3 generated mixed methyl/tetramethylgallato complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2(GaMe4)] and ion-separated [{(Me3TACN)YMe2}2{μ-Me}][InMe4]. Finally, dimethylalane, HAlMe2, converted [(Me3TACN)YMe3] into heteroaluminate [(Me3TACN)Y(HAlMe3)3], representing an AlMe3-supported, molecular yttrium trihydride complex. All compounds were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), homo- and heteronuclear (13C, 27Al, 89Y, 115In) NMR as well as IR spectroscopies and elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Malzacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Schädle D, Litlabø R, Meermann-Zimmermann M, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-Earth-Metal Methyl and Methylidene Complexes Stabilized by Tp R,R'-Scorpionato Ligands─Size Matters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9624-9637. [PMID: 38407062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Homoleptic tetramethylaluminates Ln(AlMe4)3 react with KTptBu,Me (TptBu,Me = tris(3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolyl)borato) to yield rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd). The lanthanum reaction is prone to additional C-H- and B-N-bond activation, affording coproducts La[HB(pzMe,tBu)(pzCMe2,Me)2][(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 and [La(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (pztBu,Me = 3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolato). The protonolysis reaction of Ln(AlMe4)3 and HpztBu,Me provides more efficient access to [Ln(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (Ln = La, Nd). Treatment of Ln(AlMe4)3 with KTpMe,Me led to methylidene complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) or bis(tetramethylaluminate) complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(AlMe4)2 (Ln = Y, Lu). The neodymium reaction generated methine derivative (TpMe,Me)Nd[(μ4-CH)(AlMe2)2(μ-pz,Me,Me)][(μ-Me)AlMe2] as a minor coproduct. The reaction of Ln(GaMe4)3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Ho) with HTptBu,Me gave methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)GaMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and alkyl complexes (TptBu,Me)LnMe[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho), while competing B-N bond activation reactions produced GaMe2[BH(Me)(μ-pztBu,Me)2] and (TptBu,Me)Ln(η2-pztBu,Me)[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho). The steric impact of the TpR,Me ligands was examined by cone angle calculations. Rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)EMe2]2 (E = Al, Ga) successfully promote carbonyl methylenation reactions upon addition of ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie Meermann-Zimmermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Rieser TE, Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Terminal dysprosium and holmium organoimides. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3562-3570. [PMID: 38455031 PMCID: PMC10915843 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06584g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal rare-earth-metal imide complexes TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) of the mid-late rare-earth elements dysprosium and holmium were synthesized via double methane elimination of Lewis acid stabilized dialkyl precursors TptBu,MeLnMe(GaMe4) with primary aniline derivative H2NC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2NAriPr). Exploiting the weaker Ln-CH3⋯[GaMe3] interaction compared to the aluminium congener, addition of the aniline derivative leads to the mixed methyl/anilido species TptBu,MeLnMe(HNAriPr) which readily eliminate methane after being exposed to the Lewis base DMAP ([double bond, length as m-dash]N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine). Under the same conditions, [AlMe3]-stabilized dimethyl rare-earth-metal complexes transform immediately to Lewis acid bridged imides TptBu,MeLn(μ2-NC6H3Me2-2,6)(μ2-Me)AlMe2 (Ln = Dy, Ho). DMAP/THF donor exchange is accomplished by treatment of TptBu,MeLn(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)(dmap) with 9-BBN in THF while the terminal imides readily insert carbon dioxide to afford carbamate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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4
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Lebon J, Barisic D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium Complexes with Group 13 Heterobenzene-Type Ligands. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302846. [PMID: 37747699 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The yttrium gallabenzene complex [(1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 Ga)(μ-Me)Y(2,4-dtbp)] is accessible from Y(GaMe4 )3 and K(2,4-dtbp) via a tandem salt metathesis/methane elimination (2,4-dtbp=2,4-di-tert-butyl-pentadienyl). The pentadienyl ligand in [(1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 E)(μ-Me)Y(2,4-dtbp)] (E=Al, Ga) is easily displaced by salt metathesis with KC5 Me5 and KTpMe,Me (TpMe,Me =tris(pyrazolyl-Me2 -3,5)borato) affording [(1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 E)(μ-Me)Y(TpMe,Me )] and [(1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 E)(μ-Me)Y(C5 Me5 )]. The yttrium center in [(1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 E)(μ-Me)Y(2,4-dtbp)] readily forms adducts with neutral Lewis bases like 4-DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine), PMe3 , DMPE (1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane), and DME (1,2-dimethoxyethane). In stark contrast, addition of TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) results in methyl/pentadienyl exchange between aluminum and yttrium resulting in [(1-(2,4-dtbp)-1-Me-3,5-tBu2 -C5 H3 Al)Y(Me)(tmeda)]. The bonding features of the newly synthesized complexes are analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and heteronuclear (89 Y, 31 P) NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lebon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Damir Barisic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Rieser TE, Wetzel P, Maichle-Mössmer C, Sirsch P, Anwander R. A Terminal Yttrium Phosphinidene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17720-17733. [PMID: 37531590 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Terminal, nondirectional ionic "multiple" bond interactions between group 15 elements and rare-earth metals (Ln) have remained a challenging target until present. Although reports on terminal imide species have accumulated in the meantime, examples of terminal congeners with the higher homologue phosphorus are yet elusive. Herein, we present the synthesis of the first terminal yttrium organophosphinidene complex, TptBu,MeY(═PC6H3iPr2-2,6)(DMAP)2, according to a double-deprotonation sequence previously established for organoimides of the smaller rare-earth metals. Subsequent deprotonation of the primary phosphane H2PC6H3iPr2-2,6 (H2PAriPr) with discrete dimethyl compound TptBu,MeYMe2 in the presence of DMAP under simultaneous methane elimination generated a terminal multiply bonded phosphorus. The primary phosphide intermediates TptBu,MeYMe(HPAriPr) and TptBu,MeYMe(HNPAriPr)(DMAP) are isolable species and were also obtained and fully characterized for holmium and dysprosium. The Lewis acid-stabilized yttrium phosphinidene TptBu,MeY[(μ2-PAriPr)(μ2-Me)AlMe2] was obtained by treatment of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(AlMe4) but could not be converted into a terminal phosphinidene via cleavage of trimethylaluminum. The corresponding reaction of H2PAriPr with TptBu,MeYMe(GaMe4) led to adduct [GaMe3(PH2AriPr)] rather than to the formation of a yttrium phosphinidene. The yttrium-phosphorus interaction in the obtained organophosphide and phosphinidene complexes was scrutinized by 31P/89Y NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, unambiguously supporting the existence of multiple bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Rieser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Wetzel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sirsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Lebon J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Putting on the Crown: Synthesis and Reactivity of Trimethyltitanium. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lebon
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl/Chlorido Yttrium(III) Complexes Supported by a Neutral Tridentate N-Donor Ligand. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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8
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Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Distinct Reactivity of Trimethylytterbium toward AlMe 3 and GaMe 3 : Synthesis of Donor-Stabilized Dimethylytterbium. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203824. [PMID: 36688627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Me3 TACN (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)-stabilized trimethylytterbium was obtained via a salt-metathesis protocol employing [(Me3 TACN)YbCl3 ] and methyllithium. Complex [(Me3 TACN)YbMe3 ] seems not to engage in redox chemistry with potassium graphite and is thermally quite stable in the solid state. Treatment of trivalent [(Me3 TACN)YbMe3 ] with 3 equiv. of AlMe3 afforded divalent tetramethylaluminate complex [(Me3 TACN)Yb(AlMe4 )2 ]. The reaction of [(Me3 TACN)YbMe3 ] with GaMe3 in THF gave trivalent ion pair [(Me3 TACN)YbMe2 (thf)][GaMe4 ], which is susceptible to reduction with KC8 . The thermally very labile divalent [(Me3 TACN)YbMe(μ-Me)]2 is the first discrete donor adduct of a divalent dimethyl rare-earth-metal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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10
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Jiang W, Zhang L, Zhang L. Reactivity of Mixed Methyl-Aminobenzyl Guanidinate Lutetium Complex towards iPrN=C=N iPr, CS 2 and Ph 2PH. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12650-12660. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heteroleptic terminal alkyl lutetium complex stabilized by a bulky guanidinato ligand, LLu(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)(Me)(THF) (1) (L = (PhCH2)2NC(NC6H3iPr2-2,6)2) has been synthesized by treatment of LLu(CH2C6H4NMe2-o)2 with AlMe3 (1 equiv) via an...
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11
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Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium tris(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes grafted onto MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1070-1085. [PMID: 34939637 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tris(trimethylsilylmethyl) yttrium donor adduct complexes was synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, 1H/13C/29Si/31P/89Y heteronuclear NMR and FTIR spectroscopies as well as elemental analyses. Treatment of Y(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)x with various donors Do led to complete (Do = TMEDA, DMAP) and partial displacement of THF (Do = NHCiPr, DMPE). Exceptionally large 89Y NMR shifts to low field were observed for the new complexes. Complexes Y(CH2SiMe3)3(tmeda) and Y(CH2SiMe3)3(dmpe)(thf) were chosen to perform surface organometallic chemistry, due to a comparatively higher thermal stability and the availability of the 31P nucleus as a spectroscopic probe, respectively. Mesoporous nanoparticles of the MCM-48-type were synthesized and used as a 3rd generation silica support. The parent and hybrid materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state-NMR spectroscopy, DRIFTS, elemental analyses, N2-physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of surface-bound yttrium alkyl moieties was further proven by the reaction with carbon dioxide. Quantification of the surface silanol population by means of HN(SiHMe2)2-promoted surface silylation is shown to be superior to titration with lithium alkyl LiCH2SiMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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12
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Bonath M, Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. The Alkylaluminate/Gallate Trap: Metalation of Benzene by Heterobimetallic Yttrocene Complexes [Cp* 2Y(MMe 3R)] (M = Al, Ga). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14952-14968. [PMID: 34514777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Yttrocene derivatives [Cp*2Y(MMe4)] (Cp* = C5Me5; M = Al, Ga) and Cp*2Y[Me3Al{B(NDippCH)2}] (Dipp = C6H3iPr2-2,6) deprotonate benzene at elevated temperatures via the release of methane. The formation of [Cp*2Y(Me2MPh2)] (M = Al, Ga), Cp*2Y(MPh4) (M = Al, Ga), Cp*2Y[Me2AlPh{B(NDippCH)2}], and Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] can be controlled via the temperature applied. The activation temperature and formation of the coordinatively unsaturated "reactive" [Cp*2YMe] strongly depend on the coordination strength of the displaceable Lewis acids [AlMe3]2, GaMe3, and [Me2Al{B(NDippCH)2}]2. Hence, [Cp*2Y(AlMe4)] requires temperatures above 100 °C to metalate benzene, while Cp*2Y[AlMe3{B(NDippCH)2}] undergoes C-H-bond activation even at ambient temperatures. A kinetic deuterium isotope effect was observed for the reactions in C6D6 solutions. Distinct differences in the stabilities of the bulky Group 13 anions ([Me2MPh2]-, [MPh4]-, [Me3Al{B(NDippCH)2}]-, [Me2AlPh{B(NDippCH)2}]-, and [AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}]-) are assessed by detailed studies of the coordination chemistry with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thus, increased steric bulk or a reduced Lewis acidity of the Group 13 metal center promote temperature-sensitive dissociation of trivalent Group 13 alkyl entities. Consequently, compound Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] was found to engage in a dissociation equilibrium with [Cp*2YPh] and AlPh2{B(NDippCH)2} in a C6D6 solution at ambient temperature. The reaction of Cp*2Y[AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}] with THF results in the concomitant formation of monometallic Cp*2YPh(THF) and the solvent-separated ion pair [Cp*2Y(THF)2][AlPh3{B(NDippCH)2}].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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13
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Berger T, Lebon J, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. CeCl
3
/
n
‐BuLi: Enträtselung von Imamotos Organocer‐Reagenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Berger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Jakob Lebon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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14
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Berger T, Lebon J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. CeCl 3 /n-BuLi: Unraveling Imamoto's Organocerium Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15622-15631. [PMID: 33905590 PMCID: PMC8362106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CeCl3(thf) reacts at low temperatures with MeLi, t‐BuLi, and n‐BuLi to isolable organocerium complexes. Solvent‐dependent extensive n‐BuLi dissociation is revealed by 7Li NMR spectroscopy, suggesting “Ce(n‐Bu)3(thf)x” or solvent‐separated ion pairs like “[Li(thf)4][Ce(n‐Bu)4(thf)y]” as the dominant species of the Imamoto reagent. The stability of complexes Li3Ln(n‐Bu)6(thf)4 increases markedly with decreasing LnIII size. Closer inspection of the solution behavior of crystalline Li3Lu(n‐Bu)6(thf)4 and mixtures of LuCl3(thf)2/n‐BuLi in THF indicates occurring n‐BuLi dissociation only at molar ratios of <1:3. n‐BuLi‐depleted complex LiLu(n‐Bu)3Cl(tmeda)2 was obtained by treatment of Li2Lu(n‐Bu)5(tmeda)2 with ClSiMe3, at the expense of LiCl incorporation. Imamoto's ketone/tertiary alcohol transformation was examined with 1,3‐diphenylpropan‐2‐one, affording 99 % of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Berger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Lebon
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Katzenmayer MM, Wolf BM, Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Polymeric dimethylytterbium and the terminal methyl complex (Tp tBu,Me)Yb(CH 3)(thf). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:243-246. [PMID: 33305777 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Divalent ytterbium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides [Yb{N(SiMe3)2}2]2 and Yb[N(SiMe3)2]2(thf)2 react with purified methyllithium to amorphous dimethylytterbium [YbMe2]n. The characterisation was performed by 171Yb and 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy as well as by conducting protonolysis reactions with HC5Me5 and HTptBu,Me, affording known (C5Me5)2Yb(OEt2) and new (TptBu,Me)Yb(CH3)(thf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Katzenmayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Kanbur U, Sadow AD. Rare-Earth Catalyzed C-H Bond Alumination of Terminal Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:5479-5493. [PMID: 32034950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Organoaluminum reagents' application in catalytic C-H bond functionalization is limited by competitive side reactions, such as carboalumination and hydroalumination. Herein, rare-earth tetramethylaluminate complexes are shown to catalyze the exclusive C-H bond metalation of terminal alkynes with the commodity reagents trimethyl-, triethyl-, and triisobutylaluminum. Kinetic experiments probing alkyl-group exchange between rare-earth aluminates and trialkylaluminum, C-H bond metalation of alkynes, and catalytic conversions reveal distinct pathways of catalytic aluminations with triethylaluminum versus trimethylaluminum. Most significantly, kinetic data point to reversible formation of a unique [Ln](AlR4 )2 ⋅AlR3 adduct, followed by turnover-limiting alkyne metalation. That is, C-H bond activation occurs from a more associated organometallic species, rather than the expected coordinatively unsaturated species. These mechanistic conclusions allude to a new general strategy for catalytic C-H bond alumination that make use of highly electrophilic metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav Kanbur
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1605 Gilman Hall, 2415 Osborn Dr, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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17
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Abstract
The hitherto unknown homoleptic tetramethylaluminate complex [Sc(AlMe4)3] could be obtained by reacting the ate complex [Li3ScMe6(thf)1.2] with AlMe3 in the cold. It cocrystallizes with AlMe3 as [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] and decomposes at ambient temperature in n-pentane via multiple C-H bond activations to the mixed methyl/methylidene complex [Sc3(μ3-CH2)2(μ2-CH3)3(AlMe4)2(AlMe3)2]. Donor-induced methylaluminate cleavage of [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] produced [ScMe3]n in good yield, which could be derivatized with trimethyltriazacyclononane (Me3TACN) to form the structurally characterizable [(Me3TACN)ScMe3]. Additionally, half-sandwich complex [Cp*Sc(AlMe4)2] and sandwich complex [Cp*2Sc(AlMe4)] were accessible by salt metathesis reactions from [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] and KCp* (Cp* = C5Me5). 45Sc NMR spectroscopy was applied as a significant probe to evidence the existence of [ScMe3]n. Compounds [(Me3TACN)ScMe3] (+624.6 ppm) and [ScMe3(thf)x] (+601.7 ppm) gave large 45Sc NMR shifts, revealing the strong deshielding effect of the σ-bonded alkyl ligands on the scandium nuclei. Ultimately, cationized [Sc(AlMe4)3(Al2Me6)0.5] was employed in isoprene polymerization, leading to polymers in high yields (>95%) and with high (>90%) cis-1,4-polyisoprene content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Barisic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Dominic Diether
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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18
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Abstract
A compilation of solvent-free homometallic methyl compounds of the type MMex (x = 1-6) is provided and categorised according to their method of characterisation (powder or single crystal X-ray diffraction, gas electron diffraction (GED), reactivity, unconfirmed). Recrystallisation of polymeric [MgMe2]n from excess GaMe3 led to the formation of highly pure [MgMe2]n suitable for single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. Transient Mg(GaMe4)2 could be detected in excess GaMe3 by NMR spectroscopy, but its isolation as Mg(GaMe4)2 failed. On one occasion tetrameric [Mg(GaMe4)(OMe)]4 could be isolated as a minor co-product. The formation of single-crystalline [MgMe2]n from a saturated ethereal solution could be reproduced as reported earlier by Coates et al. Assessing the reactivity of potassium methoxide methanol adduct toward Mg(AlMe4)2, the protonolysis reaction with MeOH gave unprecedented [Mg(AlMe4){Al(OMe)2Me2}]2 featuring one 8-membered [MgOAlO]2 metalloxane ring and two 4-membered metallacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen (EKUT), Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Germany.
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19
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Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Magnesium Stung by Nonclassical Scorpionate Ligands: Synthesis and Cone-Angle Calculations. Chemistry 2018; 24:14254-14268. [PMID: 29993157 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of tris(pyrazolyl)alkane (RCTp) scorpionate ligands of the type RCTp3-R' (R=Me, nBu, SiMe3 ; R'=H, Me, Ph, iPr, tBu) were synthesized and their ability to coordinate methylmagnesium moieties was examined. The reaction of Mg(AlMe4 )2 with neutral proligands HCTp3-Ph or Me3 SiCTp3-Me , containing a non-innocent backbone methine moiety, led to deprotonation/rearrangement and SiMe3 /AlMe3 exchange to afford [(Me3 AlCTp3-Ph )2 Mg] and [(Me3 AlCTp3-Me )Mg(AlMe4 )], respectively, with monoanionic tripodal ligands. Treatment of sterically less demanding RCTp3-R' with Mg(AlMe4 )2 produced isostructural dicationic "metal-in-a-box" complexes of the type [(RCTp3-R' )2 Mg][AlMe4 ]2 (R=Me, nBu; R'=H, Me). Utilization of the superbulky ligands MeCTp3-Ph and MeCTp3-tBu gave monocationic complexes [(MeCTp3-Ph )MgMe][AlMe4 ] and [(MeCTp3-tBu )MgMe][Al2 Me7 ] as separated ion pairs. The reaction of Mg(AlMe4 )2 with nBuCTp3-Ph led to the formation of the dimagnesium complex [{(nBuCTp3-Ph )Mg(AlMe4 )}2 (μ-CH3 )], which features a bridging methyl moiety and terminal η1 -coordinated tetramethylaluminato ligands. Isopropyl-substituted ligand MeCTp3-iPr emerged from further fine-tuning of the steric and electronic parameters and, upon reaction with Mg(AlMe4 )2 , gave (MeCTp3-iPr )Mg(AlMe4 )2 ; this represents the first example of a magnesium bis(alkyl) complex with an intact RCTp3-R' ligand. The exact ligand cone angles Θ° of all magnesium complexes were determined according to the mathematical analysis developed by Allen et al. [J. Comput. Chem. 2013, 34, 1189-1197].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Rong W, Wang M, Li S, Cheng J, Liu D, Cui D. Insights into the Formation Process of Yttrium–Aluminum Bimetallic Alkyl Complexes Supported by a Bulky Phosphazene Ligand. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Institute of non-metallic materials, Jinan 250031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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21
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22
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1,3-Diene Polymerization Mediated by Homoleptic Tetramethylaluminates of the Rare-Earth Metals. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades homoleptic tetramethylaluminates of the trivalent rare-earth metals, Ln(AlMe4)3, have emerged as useful components for efficient catalyst design in the field of 1,3-diene polymerization. Previous work had focused on isoprene polymerization applying Ln(AlMe4)3 precatalysts with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Y, in the presence of Et2AlCl as an activator. Polymerizations employing Ln(AlMe4)3 with Ln = La, Y and Nd along with borate/borane co-catalysts [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] and [B(C6F5)3] were mainly investigated for reasons of comparison with ancillary ligand-supported systems (cf. half-sandwich complexes). The present study investigates into a total of eleven rare-earth elements, namely Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Lu. A full overview on the polymerization behavior of Ln(AlMe4)3 in the presence of perfluorinated borate/borane cocatalysts and R2AlCl-type activators (R = Me, Et) is provided, probing the monomers isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (and preliminary ethylene). Virtually complete cis-1,4-selectivities are obtained for several catalyst/cocatalyst combinations (e.g., Gd(AlMe4)3/Me2AlCl, >99.9%). Insights into the ‘black box’ of active species are obtained by indirect observations via screening of pre-reaction time and cocatalyst concentration. The microstructure of the polydienes is investigated by combined 1H/13C NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the reaction of [LuMe6(Li(thf)x)3] with AlMe3 has been applied as a new strategy for the efficient synthesis of Lu(AlMe4)3. The solid-state structures of Gd(AlMe4)3 and Tb(AlMe4)3 are reported.
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23
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24
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Pindwal A, Yan K, Patnaik S, Schmidt BM, Ellern A, Slowing II, Bae C, Sadow AD. Homoleptic Trivalent Tris(alkyl) Rare Earth Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16862-16874. [PMID: 28991458 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homoleptic tris(alkyl) rare earth complexes Ln{C(SiHMe2)3}3 (Ln = La, 1a; Ce, 1b; Pr, 1c; Nd, 1d) are synthesized in high yield from LnI3THFn and 3 equiv of KC(SiHMe2)3. X-ray diffraction studies reveal 1a-d are isostructural, pseudo-C3-symmetric molecules that contain two secondary Ln↼HSi interactions per alkyl ligand (six total). Spectroscopic assignments are supported by comparison with Ln{C(SiDMe2)3}3 and DFT calculations. The Ln↼HSi and terminal SiH exchange rapidly on the NMR time scale at room temperature, but the two motifs are resolved at low temperature. Variable-temperature NMR studies provide activation parameters for the exchange process in 1a (ΔH⧧ = 8.2(4) kcal·mol-1; ΔS⧧ = -1(2) cal·mol-1K-1) and 1a-d9 (ΔH⧧ = 7.7(3) kcal·mol-1; ΔS⧧ = -4(2) cal·mol-1K-1). Comparisons of lineshapes, rate constants (kH/kD), and slopes of ln(k/T) vs 1/T plots for 1a and 1a-d9 reveal that an inverse isotope effect dominates at low temperature. DFT calculations identify four low-energy intermediates containing five β-Si-H⇀Ln and one γ-C-H⇀Ln. The calculations also suggest the pathway for Ln↼HSi/SiH exchange involves rotation of a single C(SiHMe2)3 ligand that is coordinated to the Ln center through the Ln-C bond and one secondary interaction. These robust organometallic compounds persist in solution and in the solid state up to 80 °C, providing potential for their use in a range of synthetic applications. For example, reactions of Ln{C(SiHMe2)3}3 and ancillary proligands, such as bis-1,1-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)ethane (HMeC(OxMe2)2) give {MeC(OxMe2)2}Ln{C(SiHMe2)3}2, and reactions with disilazanes provide solvent-free lanthanoid tris(disilazides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Pindwal
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - KaKing Yan
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Smita Patnaik
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bradley M Schmidt
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Igor I Slowing
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Cheolbeom Bae
- Kumho Petrochemical R&D Center , Daejeon 34044, Republic of Korea
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- U.S. DOE Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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25
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Boteju KC, Ellern A, Sadow AD. Homoleptic organolanthanide compounds supported by the bis(dimethylsilyl)benzyl ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:716-719. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A β-SiH functionalized benzyl anion [C(SiHMe2)2Ph]− reacts with early rare earth halides to provide homoleptic tris(alkyl)lanthanides containing secondary interactions in an efficient and high yielding route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasuni C. Boteju
- Department of Chemistry and US DOE Ames Laboratory
- Iowa State University
- Ames IA 50011
- USA
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry and US DOE Ames Laboratory
- Iowa State University
- Ames IA 50011
- USA
| | - Aaron D. Sadow
- Department of Chemistry and US DOE Ames Laboratory
- Iowa State University
- Ames IA 50011
- USA
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26
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MacDonald MR, Langeslay RR, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the Ethyl Yttrium Metallocene, (C5Me5)2Y(CH2CH3), Including Activation of Methane. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14716-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. MacDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ryan R. Langeslay
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Evans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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27
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28
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Schädle D, Schädle C, Schneider D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Versatile Ln2(μ-NR)2-Imide Platforms for Ligand Exchange and Isoprene Polymerization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Reactivity of Yttrium Methyl Complexes: Hydrido Transfer Capability of Selected Alkylalanes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schädle
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Schädle D, Meermann-Zimmermann M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Schädle C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-earth metal methylidene complexes with Ln3(μ3-CH2)(μ3-Me)(μ2-Me)3 core structure. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18101-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although protected from intermolecular deactivation by a picket-fence-type arrangement of bulky amido ligands the CH22− moiety is readily converted into oxo species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | | | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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31
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Schädle D, Maichle-Mössmer C, Schädle C, Anwander R. Rare-Earth-Metal Methyl, Amide, and Imide Complexes Supported by a Superbulky Scorpionate Ligand. Chemistry 2014; 21:662-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Dettenrieder N, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Reactivity of boryllithium with AlMe3, AlEt3, and GaMe3, including the synthesis of a lanthanum heterogallate complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15760-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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John Ł, Sobota P. Synthesis of heterometallic compounds with uncommon combinations of elements for oxide nanomaterials using organometallics. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:470-81. [PMID: 24164412 DOI: 10.1021/ar400153q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxide nanomaterials with interesting electronic and magnetic properties have applications including superconductors, magnetic core materials, high-frequency devices, and gas sensors. They can also serve as efficient oxide lattices for luminescent ions. Highly phase-pure BaHfO3 nanopowders are extremely desirable as matrices for luminescent doping, and barium hafnate is an attractive host lattice for new X-ray phosphors, which are much more effective than the phosphors currently used in radiology and computed tomography. This wide range of applications creates a strong impetus for novel and inexpensive methods for their synthesis. Classically, mixed-cation oxide ceramics are synthesized according to conventional solid-state reactions involving oxides, carbonates, or nitrates at relatively high temperatures (∼1500 °C). These procedures are inefficient and often lead to inhomogeneous by-products and poor control over the stoichiometry and phase purity. Among the new preparation techniques are those involving metal alkoxides and aryloxides with strictly defined metal stoichiometries at the molecular level. In this Account, we describe several structurally interesting heterometallic alkoxoorganometallic compounds prepared via reactions of organometallic compounds (MMe3 where M = Al, In, Ga) with group 2 alkoxides having additional protonated hydroxyl group(s) in the alcohol molecule present in the metal coordination sphere. Using lower temperatures than in the conventional solid-state thermal routes involving carbonate/oxide mixtures, we can easily transform these new complexes, with rarely found combinations of metallic precursors (Ba/In, Sr/Al, and Ba/Ga), into highly pure binary oxide materials that can be used, in a similar manner to perovskites and spinels, as host matrices for various lanthanide ions. Furthermore, our studies on titanium, zirconium, and hafnium metallocenes showed them to be attractive and cheap precursors for an extensive range of novel molecular and supramolecular materials. This unique synthetic method comprises elimination of the cyclopentadienyl ring (as CpH) from Cp2MCl2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) in the presence of M'(OR)2 (M' = Ca, Sr, Ba; ROH = CH3OCH2CH2OH), in an alcohol as a proton source. The resulting compounds are suitable for obtaining highly phase-pure perovskite-like oxides including BaTiO3, BaHfO3, SrHfO3, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobota
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Kaneko H, Dietrich HM, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Tsurugi H, Törnroos KW, Mashima K, Anwander R. Synthesis of Rare-Earth-Metal Iminopyrrolyl Complexes from Alkyl Precursors: Ln→Al N-Ancillary Ligand Transfer. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301002n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka
560-8551, Japan
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle
18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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Le Roux E, Liang Y, Törnroos KW, Nief F, Anwander R. Heterogenization of Lanthanum and Neodymium Monophosphacyclopentadienyl Bis(tetramethylaluminate) Complexes onto Periodic Mesoporous Silica SBA-15. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300168s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Roux
- Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Kjemisk Institutt, Universitetet i Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - François Nief
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire
Hétéroéléments et Coordination, UMR CNRS
7653, DCPH École Polytechnique,
Route de Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen,
Germany
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36
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Dettenrieder N, Dietrich HM, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Organoaluminium-Boryl-Komplexe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Dettenrieder N, Dietrich HM, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Organoaluminum Boryl Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4461-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Michel O, Dietrich HM, Litlabø R, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes of the Alkaline-Earth Metals: Alkylaluminate Precursors and Schlenk-Type Rearrangements. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300032c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Michel
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - H. Martin Dietrich
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen,
Norway
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18A, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Bojer D, Venugopal A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. CH Activation versus Yttrium–Methyl Cation Formation from [Y(AlMe4)3] Induced by Cyclic Polynitrogen Bases: Solvent and Substituent‐Size Effects. Chemistry 2011; 17:6248-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bojer
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Andreas Mix
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Fakultät für Chemie, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany), Fax: (+49) 521‐1066‐026
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Occhipinti G, Meermann C, Dietrich HM, Litlabø R, Auras F, Törnroos KW, Maichle-Mössmer C, Jensen VR, Anwander R. Synthesis and stability of homoleptic metal(III) tetramethylaluminates. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6323-37. [PMID: 21466201 DOI: 10.1021/ja2001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Whereas a number of homoleptic metal(III) tetramethylaluminates M(AlMe(4))(3) of the rare earth metals have proven accessible, the stability of these compounds varies strongly among the metals, with some even escaping preparation altogether. The differences in stability may seem puzzling given that this class of metals usually is considered to be relatively uniform with respect to properties. On the basis of quantum chemically obtained relative energies and atomic and molecular descriptors of homoleptic tris(tetramethylaluminate) and related compounds of rare earth metals, transition metals, p-block metals, and actinides, multivariate modeling has identified the importance of ionic metal-methylaluminate bonding and small steric repulsion between the methylaluminate ligands for obtaining stable homoleptic compounds. Low electronegativity and a sufficiently large ionic radius are thus essential properties for the central metal atom. Whereas scandium and many transition metals are too small and too electronegative for this task, all lanthanides and actinides covered in this study are predicted to give homoleptic compounds stable toward loss of trimethylaluminum, the expected main decomposition reaction. Three of the predicted lanthanide-based compounds Ln(AlMe(4))(3) (Ln = Ce, Tm, Yb) have been prepared and fully characterized in the present work, in addition to Ln(OCH(2)tBu)(3)(AlMe(3))(3) (Ln = Sc, Nd) and [Eu(AlEt(4))(2)](n). At ambient temperature, donor-free hexane solutions of Ln(AlMe(4))(3) of the Ln(3+)/Ln(2+) redox-active metal centers display enhanced reduction to [Ln(AlMe(4))(2)](n) with decreasing negative redox potential, in the order Eu ≫ Yb ≫ Sm. Whereas Eu(AlMe(4))(3) could not be identified, Yb(AlMe(4))(3) turned out to be isolable in low yield. All attempts to prepare the putative Sc(AlMe(4))(3), featuring the smallest rare earth metal center, failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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41
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Zimmermann M, Anwander R. Homoleptic Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Containing Ln−C σ-Bonds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6194-259. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Nieland A, Mix A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Cationic rare-earth-metal methyl complexes: a new preparative access exemplified for Y and Pr. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6753-60. [PMID: 20442946 DOI: 10.1039/c002252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new procedure for the generation of cationic methyl complexes of rare-earth metals has been developed for yttrium and praseodymium as two examples from the rare-earth series. The reactions of the rare-earth-metal tetramethylaluminates [Ln(AlMe(4))(3)] of yttrium and praseodymium with three differently sized crown ethers in thf, namely [12]crown-4, [15]crown-5 and [18]crown-6, respectively, led to the compounds [YMe([12]crown-4)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (1), [PrMe([12]crown-4)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (2), [YMe([15]crown-5)(thf)(2)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (3), [Pr([15]crown-5)(2)](3+)[AlMe(4)](-)(3) (4), [YMe([18]crown-6)(thf)](2+)[AlMe(4)](-)(2) (5) and [PrMe([18]crown-6)(thf)(2)](2+) [AlMe(4)](-)(2) (6). With the exception of 4, all compounds contain molecular di-cations with a Ln-CH(3) unit bonded to one (3, 4, 6) or two (1, 2) crown-ether molecules. The compounds were characterised by determination of their crystal structures, by elemental analyses and in the case of the yttrium compounds by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy. The latter gives insights into molecular dynamic processes and methyl group exchange between cations and anions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Nieland
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Meyer G. Heteroleptic Samarium(II) Complexes by Base-Induced Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:3116-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Meyer G. Heteroleptische Samarium(II)-Komplexe durch Basen-induzierte Reduktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Bojer D, Venugopal A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel N. Lewis Base Induced Reductions in Organolanthanide Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2611-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Bojer D, Venugopal A, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel N. Lewis-Basen-induzierte Reduktionen in der Organolanthanoidchemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dietrich HM, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Donor-assisted tetramethylaluminate/gallate exchange in organolanthanide complexes: pushing the limits of Pearson's HSAB concept. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5783-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Zimmermann M, Rauschmaier D, Eichele K, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Amido-stabilized rare-earth metal mixed methyl methylidene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5346-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c003206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Litlabø R, Lee HS, Niemeyer M, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-earth metal bis(tetramethylaluminate) complexes supported by a sterically crowded triazenido ligand. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6815-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b925837j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Zimmermann M, Litlabø R, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. “Metastable” Lu(GaMe4)3 Reacts Like Masked [LuMe3]: Synthesis of an Unsolvated Lanthanide Dimethyl Complex. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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