1
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Richard F, Clark P, Hannam A, Keenan T, Jean A, Arseniyadis S. Pd-Catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation of heterocycles: a user's guide. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1936-1983. [PMID: 38206332 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth analysis of recent advances and strategies employed in the Pd-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) of nucleophilic prochiral heterocycles. The review is divided into sections each focused on a specific family of heterocycle, where optimisation data and reaction scope have been carefully analysed in order to bring forward specific reactivity and selectivity trends. The review eventually opens on how computer-based technologies could be used to predict an ideally matched catalytic system for any given substrate. This user-guide targets chemists from all horizons interested in running a Pd-AAA reaction for the preparation of highly enantioenriched heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Richard
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Paul Clark
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Al Hannam
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Thomas Keenan
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - Alexandre Jean
- Industrial Research Centre, Oril Industrie, 13 rue Desgenétais, 76210, Bolbec, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Queen Mary University of London, Department of Chemistry, Mile End Road, E1 4NS, London, UK.
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2
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Sar D, Yin S, Grygus J, Rentería-Gómez Á, Garcia M, Gutierrez O. Expanding the chemical space of enol silyl ethers: catalytic dicarbofunctionalization enabled by iron catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13007-13013. [PMID: 38023494 PMCID: PMC10664506 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enol silyl ethers are versatile, robust, and readily accessible substrates widely used in chemical synthesis. However, the conventional reactivity of these motifs has been limited to classical two electron (2-e) enolate-type chemistry with electrophilic partners or as radical acceptors in one electron (1-e) reactivity leading, in both cases, to exclusive α-monofunctionalization of carbonyls. Herein we describe a mild, fast, and operationally simple one-step protocol that combines readily available fluoroalkyl halides, silyl enol ethers, and, for the first time, hetero(aryl) Grignard reagents to promote selective dicarbofunctionalization of enol silyl ethers. From a broader perspective, this work expands the synthetic utility of enol silyl ethers and establishes bisphosphine-iron catalysis as enabling technology capable of orchestrating selective C-C bond formations with short-lived α-silyloxy radicals with practical implications towards sustainable chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinabandhu Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Jacob Grygus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | | | - Melanie Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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3
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Abstract
The asymmetric alkylation of enolates is a particularly versatile method for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl motifs, which are ubiquitous in synthetic chemistry. Over the past several decades, the focus has shifted to the development of new catalytic methods that depart from classical stoichiometric stereoinduction strategies (e.g., chiral auxiliaries, chiral alkali metal amide bases, chiral electrophiles, etc.). In this way, the enantioselective alkylation of prochiral enolates greatly improves the step- and redox-economy of this process, in addition to enhancing the scope and selectivity of these reactions. In this review, we summarize the origin and advancement of catalytic enantioselective enolate alkylation methods, with a directed emphasis on the union of prochiral nucleophiles with carbon-centered electrophiles for the construction of α-stereogenic carbonyl derivatives. Hence, the transformative developments for each distinct class of nucleophile (e.g., ketone enolates, ester enolates, amide enolates, etc.) are presented in a modular format to highlight the state-of-the-art methods and current limitations in each area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Andrew Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. of China
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4
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Ahmad SAZ, Jena TK, Khan FA. Alkyl Enol Ethers: Development in Intermolecular Organic Transformation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1685-1702. [PMID: 33979009 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl enol ethers (AEE) are versatile synthetic intermediates with a unique reactivity pattern. This review article summarizes the synthesis of AEE as well as its reactivity and how enol ether undergoes intermolecular reactions for various bond formation, leading to the construction of several useful organic molecules. The synthetic applications of alkyl enol ethers towards intermolecular bond-forming reactions include metal-catalyzed reactions, cycloaddition and heterocycle formation as well as rwactions in the field of natural products synthesis. The achievement of these impressive transformations prove the countless synthetic potential of AEE. The main objective of this review is to bring attentiveness among synthetic chemists to show how AEE extensively can be used to react with both electrophiles as well as nucleophiles, thereby behaving as an ambiphilic reactant. We trust that the unique reactivity pattern of alkyl enol ethers and the fundamental mechanistic idea can attract chemists in AEE chemistry. Exclusively, intermolecular reactions of AEE with other functionalized moieties have not been reviewed to the best of our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Asma Ziya Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Faiz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
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5
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Connon R, Roche B, Rokade BV, Guiry PJ. Further Developments and Applications of Oxazoline-Containing Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6373-6521. [PMID: 34019404 PMCID: PMC8277118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved. As a result, the continued development of ligand architectural design from mono(oxazolines), to bis(oxazolines), to tris(oxazolines) and tetra(oxazolines) and variations thereof can be more easily monitored by the reader. In addition, the key transition states of selected asymmetric transformations will be given to illustrate the features that give rise to high levels of asymmetric induction. As a further aid to the reader, we summarize the majority of schemes with representative examples that highlight the variation in % yields and % ees for carefully selected substrates. This Review should be of particular interest to the experts in the field but also serve as a useful starting point to new researchers in this area. It is hoped that this Review will stimulate both the development/design of new ligands and their applications in novel metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Connon
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Brendan Roche
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
| | - Balaji V. Rokade
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical
Biology, School of Chemistry, University
College Dublin, Dublin
4, Ireland
- BiOrbic
Research Centre, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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6
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Junk L, Kazmaier U. The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:929-952. [PMID: 32953384 PMCID: PMC7482671 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of non-stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β-ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium-catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Junk
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Organic Chemistry ISaarland UniversityCampus C4.266123SaarbrückenGermany
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7
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Spaltenstein P, Cummins EJ, Yokuda KM, Kowalczyk T, Clark TB, O'Neil GW. Chemoselective Carbonyl Allylations with Alkoxyallylsiletanes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4421-4428. [PMID: 30811929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxyallylsiletanes are capable of highly chemo- and diastereoselective carbonyl allylsilylations. Reactive substrates include salicylaldehydes and glyoxylic acids. Chemoselectivity in these reactions is thought to arise from a mechanism involving first exchange of the alkyoxy group on silicon with a substrate hydroxyl followed by activation of a nearby carbonyl by the Lewis acidic siletane and intramolecular allylation. In this way, substrates containing multiple reactive carbonyl groups (e.g., dialdehyde or triketone) can be selectively monoallylated, even overcoming inherent electrophilicity bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spaltenstein
- Department of Chemistry , Western Washington University , Bellingham , Washington 98225 , United States
| | - Elizabeth J Cummins
- Department of Chemistry , Western Washington University , Bellingham , Washington 98225 , United States
| | - Kelly-Marie Yokuda
- Department of Chemistry , Western Washington University , Bellingham , Washington 98225 , United States
| | - Tim Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry , Western Washington University , Bellingham , Washington 98225 , United States
| | - Timothy B Clark
- Department of Chemistry , University of San Diego , San Diego , California 92110 , United States
| | - Gregory W O'Neil
- Department of Chemistry , Western Washington University , Bellingham , Washington 98225 , United States
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8
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Niwa Y, Miyake M, Hayakawa I, Sakakura A. Catalytic enantioselective Hosomi–Sakurai reaction of α-ketoesters promoted by chiral copper(ii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3923-3926. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective Hosomi−Sakurai reaction of α-ketoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Niwa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Mayu Miyake
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Ichiro Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
| | - Akira Sakakura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Okayama
- Japan
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9
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Craig RA, Smith RC, Roizen JL, Jones AC, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Development of a Unified Enantioselective, Convergent Synthetic Approach Toward the Furanobutenolide-Derived Polycyclic Norcembranoid Diterpenes: Asymmetric Formation of the Polycyclic Norditerpenoid Carbocyclic Core by Tandem Annulation Cascade. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3467-3485. [PMID: 29464957 PMCID: PMC5889334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective and diastereoselective approach toward the synthesis of the tetracyclic scaffold of the furanobutenolide-derived polycyclic norditerpenoids is described. Focusing on synthetic efforts toward ineleganolide, the synthetic approach utilizes a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation for the construction of the requisite chiral tertiary ether. A diastereoselective cyclopropanation-Cope rearrangement cascade enabled the convergent assembly of the ineleganolide [6,7,5,5]-tetracyclic scaffold. Investigation of substrates for this critical tandem annulation process is discussed along with synthetic manipulations of the [6,7,5,5]-tetracyclic scaffold and the attempted interconversion of the [6,7,5,5]-tetracyclic scaffold of ineleganolide to the isomeric [7,6,5,5]-core of scabrolide A and its naturally occurring isomers. Computational evaluation of ground-state energies of late-stage synthetic intermediates was used to guide synthetic development and aid in the investigation of the conformational rigidity of these highly constrained and compact polycyclic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Craig
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Amanda C. Jones
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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10
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Morrill C, Jensen C, Just-Baringo X, Grogan G, Turner NJ, Procter DJ. Biocatalytic Conversion of Cyclic Ketones Bearing α-Quaternary Stereocenters into Lactones in an Enantioselective Radical Approach to Medium-Sized Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Chantel Jensen
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry; University of York, Heslington; York YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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11
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Morrill C, Jensen C, Just-Baringo X, Grogan G, Turner NJ, Procter DJ. Biocatalytic Conversion of Cyclic Ketones Bearing α-Quaternary Stereocenters into Lactones in an Enantioselective Radical Approach to Medium-Sized Carbocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3692-3696. [PMID: 29393988 PMCID: PMC6055628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic ketones bearing α‐quaternary stereocenters underwent efficient kinetic resolution using cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. Lactones possessing tetrasubstituted stereocenters were obtained with high enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee) and complete chemoselectivity. Preparative‐scale biotransformations were exploited in conjunction with a SmI2‐mediated cyclization process to access complex, enantiomerically enriched cycloheptan‐ and cycloctan‐1,4‐diols. In a parallel approach to structurally distinct products, enantiomerically enriched ketones from the resolution with an α‐quaternary stereocenter were used in a SmI2‐mediated cyclization process to give cyclobutanol products (up to >99 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chantel Jensen
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Gideon Grogan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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12
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Mamedov VA, Mamedova VL, Khikmatova GZ, Korshin DE, Sinyashin OG. 5-(α-Halobenzyl)- and 5-Benzylidene-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-4-ones in Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Acids. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217120088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Retich C, Bräse S. Asymmetric Organocatalytic Synthesis of Bisindoles - Scope and Derivatizations. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Retich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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14
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Roizen JL, Jones AC, Smith RC, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Model Studies To Access the [6,7,5,5]-Core of Ineleganolide Using Tandem Translactonization-Cope or Cyclopropanation-Cope Rearrangements as Key Steps. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13051-13067. [PMID: 29111725 PMCID: PMC5732049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported a convergent cyclopropanation-Cope approach to the core of ineleganolide, which was the first disclosed synthesis of the core of the norditerpene natural product ineleganolide. In this complementary work, a model system for the core of ineleganolide has been prepared through a series of tandem cyclopropanation-Cope and translactonization-Cope rearrangements. Work with this model system has enriched our understanding of the cyclopropanation-Cope rearrangement sequence. Additionally, research into this model system has driven the development of tandem translactonization-Cope rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Roizen
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101–20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Amanda C. Jones
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101–20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101–20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101–20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101–20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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15
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Hagihara S, Hanaya K, Sugai T, Shoji M. Formal synthesis of englerin A utilizing regio- and diastereoselective [4+3] cycloaddition. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:257-262. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Craig RA, Stoltz BM. Polycyclic Furanobutenolide-Derived Cembranoid and Norcembranoid Natural Products: Biosynthetic Connections and Synthetic Efforts. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7878-7909. [PMID: 28520418 PMCID: PMC5497599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic furanobutenolide-derived cembranoid and norcembranoid natural products are a family of congested, stereochemically complex, and extensively oxygenated polycyclic diterpenes and norditerpenes. Although the elegant architectures and biological activity profiles of these natural products have captured the attention of chemists since the isolation of the first members of the family in the 1990s, the de novo synthesis of only a single polycyclic furanobutenolide-derived cembranoid and norcembranoid has been accomplished. This article begins with a brief discussion of the proposed biosyntheses and biosynthetic connections among the polycyclic furanobutenolide-derived cembranoids and norcembranoids and then provides a comprehensive review of the synthetic efforts toward each member of the natural product family, including biomimetic, semisynthetic, and de novo synthetic strategies. This body of knowledge has been gathered to provide insight into the reactivity and constraints of these compact and highly oxygenated polycyclic structures, as well as to offer guidance for future synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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17
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Bhat V, Welin ER, Guo X, Stoltz BM. Advances in Stereoconvergent Catalysis from 2005 to 2015: Transition-Metal-Mediated Stereoablative Reactions, Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions, and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4528-4561. [PMID: 28164696 PMCID: PMC5516946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stereoconvergent catalysis is an important subset of asymmetric synthesis that encompasses stereoablative transformations, dynamic kinetic resolutions, and dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations. Initially, only enzymes were known to catalyze dynamic kinetic processes, but recently various synthetic catalysts have been developed. This Review summarizes major advances in nonenzymatic, transition-metal-promoted dynamic asymmetric transformations reported between 2005 and 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric R. Welin
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Nascimento de Oliveira M, Fournier J, Arseniyadis S, Cossy J. A Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Approach to α-Quaternary γ-Butyrolactones. Org Lett 2016; 19:14-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marllon Nascimento de Oliveira
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jeremy Fournier
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Stellios Arseniyadis
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Laboratoire de
Chimie Organique,
Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI) - ESPCI Paris/CNRS
(UMR8231), PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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19
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Xiong Y, Zhang G. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Stereocenters via Chromium Catalysis. Org Lett 2016; 18:5094-5097. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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20
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Padevět J, Schrems MG, Scheil R, Pfaltz A. NeoPHOX - a structurally tunable ligand system for asymmetric catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1185-95. [PMID: 27559370 PMCID: PMC4979954 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of new NeoPHOX ligands derived from serine or threonine has been developed. The central intermediate is a NeoPHOX derivative bearing a methoxycarbonyl group at the stereogenic center next to the oxazoline N atom. The addition of methylmagnesium chloride leads to a tertiary alcohol, which can be acylated or silylated to produce NeoPHOX ligands with different sterical demand. The new NeoPHOX ligands were tested in the iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution. In both reactions high enantioselectivities were achieved, that were comparable to the enantioselectivities obtained with the up to now best NeoPHOX ligand derived from expensive tert-leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Padevět
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus G Schrems
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Scheil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Estipona BI, Pritchett BP, Craig RA, Stoltz BM. Catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-eucomic acid. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3707-3712. [PMID: 27546916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective synthesis of (+)-eucomic acid is reported. A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is employed to access the chiral tetrasubstituted α-hydroxyacid moiety found in the natural product. The protecting group strategy was investigated, and a protecting group manipulation was made without any appreciable deleterious effects in the allylic alkylation reaction. Non-natural (+)-eucomic acid is synthesized in a longest linear sequence of 13 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzi I Estipona
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Beau P Pritchett
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Robert A Craig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
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22
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Craig RA, Smith RC, Pritchett BP, Estipona BI, Stoltz BM. Preparation of 1,5-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-one. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 93:210-227. [PMID: 28729749 DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.093.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Russell C Smith
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Beau P Pritchett
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Benzi I Estipona
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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23
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Craig RA, Stoltz BM. Synthesis and Exploration of Electronically Modified ( R)-5,5-Dimethyl-( p-CF 3) 3- i-PrPHOX in Palladium-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective Allylic Alkylation: A Practical Alternative to ( R)-( p-CF 3) 3- t-BuPHOX. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:4670-4673. [PMID: 26257445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the novel electronically modified phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligand, (R)-5,5-dimethyl-(p-CF3)3-i-PrPHOX, is described. The utility of this PHOX ligand is explored in both enantio- and diastereoselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylations. These investigations prove (R)-5,5-dimethyl-(p-CF3)3-i-PrPHOX to be an effective and cost-efficient alternative to electronically modified PHOX ligands derived from the prohibitively expensive (R)-t-leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Craig
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
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24
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Liu Y, Han SJ, Liu WB, Stoltz BM. Catalytic enantioselective construction of quaternary stereocenters: assembly of key building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active molecules. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:740-51. [PMID: 25715056 PMCID: PMC6410712 DOI: 10.1021/ar5004658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-present demand for drugs with better efficacy and fewer side effects continually motivates scientists to explore the vast chemical space. Traditionally, medicinal chemists have focused much attention on achiral or so-called "flat" molecules. More recently, attention has shifted toward molecules with stereogenic centers since their three-dimensional structures represent a much larger fraction of the chemical space and have a number of superior properties compared with flat aromatic compounds. Quaternary stereocenters, in particular, add greatly to the three-dimensionality and novelty of the molecule. Nevertheless, synthetic challenges in building quaternary stereocenters have largely prevented their implementation in drug discovery. The lack of effective and broadly general methods for enantioselective formation of quaternary stereocenters in simple molecular scaffolds has prompted us to investigate new chemistry and develop innovative tools and solutions. In this Account, we describe three approaches to constructing quaternary stereocenters: nucleophilic substitution of 3-halooxindoles, conjugate addition of boronic acids to cyclic enones, and allylic alkylation of enolates. In the first approach, malonic ester nucleophiles attack electrophilic 3-halooxindoles, mediated by a copper(II)-bisoxazoline catalyst. A variety of oxindoles containing a benzylic quaternary stereocenter can be accessed through this method. However, it is only applicable to the specialized 3,3-disubstituted oxindole system. To access benzylic quaternary stereocenters in a more general context, we turned our attention to the enantioselective conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl acceptors. We discovered that in the presence of catalytic palladium-pyridinooxazoline complex, arylboronic acids add smoothly to β-substituted cyclic enones to furnish ketones with a β-benzylic quaternary stereocenter in high yields and enantioselectivities. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of arylboronic acids, β-substituents, and ring sizes. Aside from benzylic quaternary stereocenters, a more challenging motif is a quaternary stereocenter not adjacent to an aromatic group. Such centers represent more general structures in chemical space but are more difficult to form by asymmetric catalysis. To address this greater challenge, and motivated by the greater reward, we entered the field of palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation of prochiral enolate nucleophiles about a decade ago. On the basis of Tsuji's work, which solved the issue of positional selectivity for unsymmetrical ketones, we discovered that the phosphinooxazoline ligand effectively rendered this reaction enantioselective. Extensive investigations since then have revealed that the reaction exhibits broad scope and accepts a range of substrate classes, each with its unique advantage in synthetic applications. A diverse array of carbonyl compounds bearing α-quaternary stereocenters are obtained in excellent yields and enantioselectivities, and more possibilities have yet to be explored. As an alternative to palladium catalysis, we also studied iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylations that generate vicinal quaternary and tertiary stereocenters in a single transformation. Overall, these methods provide access to small molecule building blocks with a single quaternary stereocenter, can be applied to various molecular scaffolds, and tolerate a wide range of functional groups. We envision that the chemistry reported in this Account will be increasingly useful in drug discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Seo-Jung Han
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Numajiri Y, Jiménez-Osés G, Wang B, Houk KN, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of dialkylated N-heterocycles by palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. Org Lett 2015; 17:1082-5. [PMID: 25714704 DOI: 10.1021/ol503425t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of α-disubstituted N-heterocyclic carbonyl compounds has been accomplished using palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. These catalytic conditions enable access to various heterocycles, such as morpholinone, thiomorpholinone, oxazolidin-4-one, 1,2-oxazepan-3-one, 1,3-oxazinan-4-one, and structurally related lactams, all bearing fully substituted α-positions. Broad functional group tolerance was explored at the α-position in the morpholinone series. We demonstrate the utility of this method by performing various transformations on our useful products to readily access a number of enantioenriched compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Numajiri
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of α-secondary and α-tertiary piperazin-2-ones and piperazines by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:179-83. [PMID: 25382664 PMCID: PMC4285707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of differentially N-protected piperazin-2-ones allows the synthesis of a variety of highly enantioenriched tertiary piperazine-2-ones. Deprotection and reduction affords the corresponding tertiary piperazines, which can be employed for the synthesis of medicinally important analogues. The introduction of these chiral tertiary piperazines resulted in imatinib analogues which exhibited comparable antiproliferative activity to that of their corresponding imatinib counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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27
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Korch KM, Eidamshaus C, Behenna DC, Nam S, Horne D, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Secondary and α‐Tertiary Piperazin‐2‐ones and Piperazines by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Christian Eidamshaus
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - David Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101‐20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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28
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Liu Y, Liniger M, McFadden RM, Roizen JL, Malette J, Reeves CM, Behenna DC, Seto M, Kim J, Mohr JT, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Formal total syntheses of classic natural product target molecules via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2501-12. [PMID: 25383121 PMCID: PMC4222294 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation in conjunction with further synthetic elaboration enables the formal total syntheses of a number of "classic" natural product target molecules. This publication highlights recent methods for setting quaternary and tetrasubstituted tertiary carbon stereocenters to address the synthetic hurdles encountered over many decades across multiple compound classes spanning carbohydrate derivatives, terpenes, and alkaloids. These enantioselective methods will impact both academic and industrial settings, where the synthesis of stereogenic quaternary carbons is a continuing challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Liu
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liniger
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M McFadden
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jenny L Roizen
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jacquie Malette
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Corey M Reeves
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Douglas C Behenna
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Seto
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jimin Kim
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Justin T Mohr
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Scott C Virgil
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, USA
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29
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Zhong S, Nieger M, Bihlmeier A, Shi M, Bräse S. Asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis of 4,6-bis(1H-indole-3-yl)-piperidine-2 carboxylates. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3265-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of novel bisindole-piperidine-amino acid hybrids is reported, leading to products with good yields and excellent ees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabilla Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - Martin Nieger
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Bihlmeier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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30
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Faraldos JA, Coates RM, Giner JL. Alternative synthesis of the Colorado potato beetle pheromone. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10548-54. [PMID: 24047429 DOI: 10.1021/jo4017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concise preparation of the pheromone secreted by the male Colorado potato beetle [viz. (3S)-1,3-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-one] was accomplished in four steps starting from 2-fluoronerol or 2-fluorogeraniol. The key step in the synthesis involves a 6-endo epoxide ring-opening with ester participation that simultaneously inverts the 3R-configuration of the (3R)-2,3-epoxy-2-fluoroprenyl acetate intermediate and installs the ketone functionality of the semiochemical. Extensive NMR studies validate the proposed 6-endo mechanism of the featured rearrangement, which under anhydrous conditions resulted in the formation of two bicyclic 1,3-dioxan-5-ones via an unprecedented intramolecular Prins cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Faraldos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
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31
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Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective Construction of α-Quaternary Cyclobutanones by Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Reeves CM, Eidamshaus C, Kim J, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective construction of α-quaternary cyclobutanones by catalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6718-21. [PMID: 23686812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey M Reeves
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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33
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wu S, Shen X, Zou L, Wang F, Li X, Peng F, Zhang H, Shao Z. Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation of Carbazolones: Total Synthesis of (−)-Aspidospermidine and (+)-Kopsihainanine A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4117-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Craig RA, Roizen JL, Smith RC, Jones AC, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective synthesis of a hydroxymethyl-cis-1,3-cyclopentenediol building block. Org Lett 2012; 14:5716-9. [PMID: 23101616 DOI: 10.1021/ol3027297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A brief, enantioselective synthesis of a hydroxymethyl-cis-1,3-cyclopentenediol building block is presented. This scaffold allows access to the cis-1,3-cyclopentanediol fragments found in a variety of biologically active natural and non-natural products. This rapid and efficient synthesis is highlighted by the utilization of the palladium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation of dioxanone substrates to prepare tertiary alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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36
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Florence GJ, Wlochal J. Synthesis of the Originally Proposed Structure of Palmerolide C. Chemistry 2012; 18:14250-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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37
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Enantioselektive Titan(III)‐katalysierte reduktive Cyclisierung von Ketonitrilen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Streuff J, Feurer M, Bichovski P, Frey G, Gellrich U. Enantioselective Titanium(III)‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of Ketonitriles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8661-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Streuff
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany) http://portal.uni‐freiburg.de/streuff
| | - Markus Feurer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany) http://portal.uni‐freiburg.de/streuff
| | - Plamen Bichovski
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany) http://portal.uni‐freiburg.de/streuff
| | - Georg Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany) http://portal.uni‐freiburg.de/streuff
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert‐Ludwigs‐Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany) http://portal.uni‐freiburg.de/streuff
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39
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Evans PA, Clizbe EA, Lawler MJ, Oliver S. Enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of acyclic α-alkoxy substituted ketones using a chiral monodentate phosphite ligand. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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40
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Hong AY, Bennett NB, Krout MR, Jensen T, Harned AM, Stoltz BM. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkylation in the Synthesis of Cyclopentanoid and Cycloheptanoid Core Structures Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:10234-10248. [PMID: 22347731 PMCID: PMC3279929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
General catalytic asymmetric routes toward cyclopentanoid and cycloheptanoid core structures embedded in numerous natural products have been developed. The central stereoselective transformation in our divergent strategies is the enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation of seven-membered β-ketoesters to form α-quaternary vinylogous esters. Recognition of the unusual reactivity of β-hydroxyketones resulting from the addition of hydride or organometallic reagents enabled divergent access to γ-quaternary acylcyclopentenes through a ring contraction pathway or γ-quaternary cycloheptenones through a carbonyl transposition pathway. Synthetic applications of these compounds were explored through the preparation of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic derivatives that can serve as valuable intermediates for the total synthesis of complex natural products. This work complements our previous work with cyclohexanoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Hong
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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41
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Behenna DC, Liu Y, Yurino T, Kim J, White DE, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective construction of quaternary N-heterocycles by palladium-catalysed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of lactams. Nat Chem 2011; 4:130-3. [PMID: 22270628 PMCID: PMC3266627 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles (N-heterocycles) represents a substantial chemical research effort and resonates across numerous disciplines, including the total synthesis of natural products and medicinal chemistry. In this Article, we describe the highly enantioselective palladium-catalysed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of readily available lactams to form 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones, caprolactams and structurally related lactams. Given the prevalence of quaternary N-heterocycles in biologically active alkaloids and pharmaceutical agents, we envisage that our method will provide a synthetic entry into the de novo asymmetric synthesis of such structures. As an entry for these investigations we demonstrate how the described catalysis affords enantiopure quaternary lactams that intercept synthetic intermediates previously used in the synthesis of the Aspidosperma alkaloids quebrachamine and rhazinilam, but that were previously only available by chiral auxiliary approaches or as racemic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C. Behenna
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Yiyang Liu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Taiga Yurino
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jimin Kim
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - David E. White
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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42
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Behenna DC, Mohr JT, Sherden NH, Marinescu SC, Harned AM, Tani K, Seto M, Ma S, Novák Z, Krout MR, McFadden RM, Roizen JL, Enquist JA, White DE, Levine SR, Petrova KV, Iwashita A, Virgil SC, Stoltz BM. Enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation reactions: catalyst development, substrate scope, and mechanistic studies. Chemistry 2011; 17:14199-223. [PMID: 22083969 PMCID: PMC3365686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
α-Quaternary ketones are accessed through novel enantioselective alkylations of allyl and propargyl electrophiles by unstabilized prochiral enolate nucleophiles in the presence of palladium complexes with various phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. Excellent yields and high enantiomeric excesses are obtained from three classes of enolate precursor: enol carbonates, enol silanes, and racemic β-ketoesters. Each of these substrate classes functions with nearly identical efficiency in terms of yield and enantioselectivity. Catalyst discovery and development, the optimization of reaction conditions, the exploration of reaction scope, and applications in target-directed synthesis are reported. Experimental observations suggest that these alkylation reactions occur through an unusual inner-sphere mechanism involving binding of the prochiral enolate nucleophile directly to the palladium center.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathaniel H. Sherden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Andrew M. Harned
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Kousuke Tani
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Masaki Seto
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Sandy Ma
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Novák
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Michael R. Krout
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Ryan M. McFadden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Jennifer L. Roizen
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - John A. Enquist
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - David E. White
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Samantha R. Levine
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Krastina V. Petrova
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Akihiko Iwashita
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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43
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Bélanger É, Pouliot MF, Courtemanche MA, Paquin JF. Design, Synthesis, and Applications of Potential Substitutes of t-Bu-Phosphinooxazoline in Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations and Their Use for the Improvement of the Enantioselectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed Allylation Reaction of Fluorinated Allyl Enol Carbonates. J Org Chem 2011; 77:317-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2019653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Bélanger
- Canada Research Chair
in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry,
Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marie-France Pouliot
- Canada Research Chair
in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry,
Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marc-André Courtemanche
- Canada Research Chair
in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry,
Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair
in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry,
Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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44
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Day JJ, McFadden RM, Virgil SC, Kolding H, Alleva JL, Stoltz BM. The catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-liphagal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:6814-8. [PMID: 21671325 PMCID: PMC3361906 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ring a ding : The first catalytic enantioselective total synthesis of the meroterpenoid natural product (+)-liphagal is disclosed. The approach showcases a variety of technology including enantioselective enolate alkylation, a photochemical alkyne-alkene [2+2] reaction, microwave-assisted metal catalysis, and an intramolecular aryne capture cyclization reaction. Pivotal to the successful completion of the synthesis was a sequence involving ring expansion from a [6-5-4] tricycle to a [6-7] bicyclic core followed by stereoselective hydrogenation of a sterically occluded tri-substituted olefin to establish the trans homodecalin system found in the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Day
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Ryan M. McFadden
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Helene Kolding
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Jennifer L. Alleva
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and The Caltech Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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45
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Day JJ, McFadden RM, Virgil SC, Kolding H, Alleva JL, Stoltz BM. The Catalytic Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Liphagal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Petersen KS, Stoltz BM. Palladium-catalyzed, asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of prochiral cyclobutanones with PHOX ligands. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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48
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Abstract
Enantioselective protonation is a common process in biosynthetic sequences. The decarboxylase and esterase enzymes that effect this valuable transformation are able to control both the steric environment around the proton acceptor (typically an enolate) and the proton donor (typically a thiol). Recently, several chemical methods to achieve enantioselective protonation have been developed by exploiting various means of enantiocontrol in different mechanisms. These laboratory transformations have proven useful for the preparation of a number of valuable organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Mohr
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 164-30, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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49
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Hong AY, Krout MR, Jensen T, Bennett NB, Harned AM, Stoltz BM. Ring-contraction strategy for the practical, scalable, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of versatile γ-quaternary acylcyclopentenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2756-60. [PMID: 21387482 PMCID: PMC3365661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol for the practical, scalable, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of γ-quaternary acylcyclopentenes in up to 91% overall yield and 92% ee has been developed. The reaction sequence employs a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation reaction and exploits the unusual stability of β-hydroxy cycloheptanones to achieve a general and robust method for performing two-carbon ring contractions. The resulting enantioenriched, highly-functionalized acylcyclopentenes provide a variable substituent and four additional functional group handles for chemoselective manipulation and potential application to the total synthesis of a wide array of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y. Hong
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Michael R. Krout
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Thomas Jensen
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Nathan B. Bennett
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Andrew M. Harned
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA), Fax: (+1) 626-395-8436
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50
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Weaver JD, Recio A, Grenning AJ, Tunge JA. Transition metal-catalyzed decarboxylative allylation and benzylation reactions. Chem Rev 2011; 111:1846-913. [PMID: 21235271 PMCID: PMC3116714 DOI: 10.1021/cr1002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 953] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A review. Transition metal catalyzed decarboxylative allylations, benzylations, and interceptive allylations are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmie D. Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Antonio Recio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | | | - Jon A. Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
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