1
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Bühler R, Weininger RJJ, Stephan J, Muhr M, Bock BMT, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Homoleptic hexa- and penta-coordinated gallium(I) amide complexes of ruthenium and molybdenum. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38687113 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reaction of neutral olefin complexes of ruthenium and molybdenum with GaTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) by substitution leads to the formation of respective five- and six-coordinated homoleptic products. [Ru(GaTMP)5] (1) and [Mo(GaTMP)6] (2) were isolated and characterized. Core structure geometries were analyzed using continuous shape measure, and the complexes were subjected to DFT calculations unveiling competing π-interactions between the transition metal center and the amido substituent with the unoccupied pπ orbitals of the gallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bühler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Richard J J Weininger
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Balasai M-T Bock
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany and Catalysis Research Center, Erst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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2
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Muhr M, Stephan J, Staiger L, Hemmer K, Schütz M, Heiß P, Jandl C, Cokoja M, Kratky T, Günther S, Huber D, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Cador O, Da Silva ACH, Da Silva JLF, Mink J, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Assignment of individual structures from intermetalloid nickel gallium cluster ensembles. Commun Chem 2024; 7:29. [PMID: 38351167 PMCID: PMC10864300 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Poorly selective mixed-metal cluster synthesis and separation yield reaction solutions of inseparable intermetalloid cluster mixtures, which are often discarded. High-resolution mass spectrometry, however, can provide precise compositional data of such product mixtures. Structure assignments can be achieved by advanced computational screening and consideration of the complete structural space. Here, we experimentally verify structure and composition of a whole cluster ensemble by combining a set of spectroscopic techniques. Our study case are the very similar nickel/gallium clusters of M12, M13 and M14 core composition Ni6+xGa6+y (x + y ≤ 2). The rationalization of structure, bonding and reactivity is built upon the organometallic superatom cluster [Ni6Ga6](Cp*)6 = [Ga6](NiCp*)6 (1; Cp* = C5Me5). The structural conclusions are validated by reactivity tests using carbon monoxide, which selectively binds to Ni sites, whereas (triisopropylsilyl)acetylene selectively binds to Ga sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Lena Staiger
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Karina Hemmer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Max Schütz
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tim Kratky
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivier Cador
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Augusto C H Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P. O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juarez L F Da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P. O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Janos Mink
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
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3
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Muhr M, Liang H, Allmendinger L, Bühler R, Napoli FE, Ukaj D, Cokoja M, Jandl C, Kahlal S, Saillard JY, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Catalytic Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Polyhydride Ni/Ga Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308790. [PMID: 37408378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The bimetallic, decanuclear Ni3 Ga7 -cluster of the formula [Ni3 (GaTMP)3 (μ2 -GaTMP)3 (μ3 -GaTMP)] (1, TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl) reacts reversibly with dihydrogen under the formation of a series of (poly-)hydride clusters 2. Low-temperature 2D NMR experiments at -80 °C show that 2 consist of a mixture of a di- (2Di ), tetra- (2Tetra ) and hexahydride species (2Hexa ). The structures of 2Di and 2Tetra are assessed by a combination of 2D NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The cooperation of both metals is essential for the high hydrogen uptake of the cluster. Polyhydrides 2 are catalytically active in the semihydrogenation of 4-octyne to 4-octene with good selectivity. The example is the first of its kind and conceptually relates properties of molecular, atom-precise transition metal/main group metal clusters to the respective solid-state phase in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hao Liang
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Lars Allmendinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 7, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Bühler
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Fabrizio E Napoli
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dardan Ukaj
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christian Gemel
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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4
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Qiao L, Yang T, Frenking G, Sun ZM. [Ga@Bi 10(NbMes) 2] 3-: a linear Nb-Ga I-Nb filament coordinated by a bismuth cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4024-4027. [PMID: 36920786 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00631j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a low-valent Ga(I) complex, [Ga@Bi10(NbMes)2]3-, with a linear Nb-Ga-Nb fragment, representing the first compound with Nb-Ga and Nb-Bi bonds. Quantum-chemical calculations reveal that the complex is an electron-precise cluster. The possible fragmentation pathway of the title cluster was studied by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab for Institution Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, Donostia 20080, Euskadi, Spain.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Element-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab for Institution Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, Tianjin, China.
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5
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Muhr M, Bühler R, Liang H, Gilch J, Jandl C, Kahlal S, Saillard J, Gemel C, Fischer RA. C-H and Si-H Activation Reactions at Ru/Ga Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Case Study on the Ru-Ga Bond. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200887. [PMID: 35748293 PMCID: PMC9804459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of [Ru(COD)(MeAllyl)2 ] and [Ru(COD)(COT)] with GaCp* under hydrogenolytic conditions leads to reactive intermediates which activate Si-H or C-H bonds, respectively. The product complexes [Ru(GaCp*)3 (SiEt3 )H3 ] (1) and [Ru(GaCp*)3 (C7 H7 )H3 ] (2) are formed with HSiEt3 or with toluene as the solvent, respectively. While 1 was isolated and fully characterized by NMR, MS, IR and SC-XRD, 2 was too labile to be isolated and was observed and characterized in situ by using mass spectrometry, including labelling experiments for the unambiguous assignment of the elemental composition. The structural assignment was confirmed by DFT calculations. The relative energies of the four isomers possible upon toluene activation at the ortho-, meta-, para- and CH3 -positions have been determined and point to aromatic C-H activation. The Ru-Ga bond was analyzed by EDA and QTAIM and compared to the Ru-P bond in the analogue phosphine compound. Bonding analyses indicate that the Ru-GaCp* bond is weaker than the Ru-PR3 bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Raphael Bühler
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Hao Liang
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Jonas Gilch
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Samia Kahlal
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Jean‐Yves Saillard
- UMR-CNRS6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”Univ RennesCNRSISCR-UMR 622635000RennesFrance
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryCatalysis Research Center (CRC)Technical University Munich (TUM)Lichtenbergstraße 485748GarchingGermany
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6
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Dabringhaus P, Barthélemy A, Krossing I. The Coordination Chemistry and Clustering of Subvalent Ga
+
and In
+
upon Addition of σ‐Donor Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dabringhaus
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Antoine Barthélemy
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg i.Br. Germany
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7
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Paularokiadoss F, Antony Sandosh T, Sekar A, Christopher Jeyakumar T. Theoretical studies of group 10 metal gallylene complexes [TM(CO)3(GaX)]. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, van IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1567-1572. [PMID: 33022877 PMCID: PMC7839670 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
"GaOTf" is a simple, convenient source of low-valent gallium for synthetic chemistry and catalysis. However, little is currently known about its composition or reactivity. In this work, 71 Ga NMR spectroscopy shows the presence of [Ga(arene)n ]+ salts on oxidation of Ga metal with AgOTf in arene solvents. However, a more complex picture of speciation is uncovered by X-ray diffraction studies. In all cases, mixed-valence compounds containing Ga-arene and Ga-OTf coordination motifs, in addition to an unusual "naked" [Ga]+ ion, are found. Addition of 18-crown-6 allows for the isolation of a discrete GaI crown complex. Evidence of a potential intermediate in the formation of "GaOTf" has been isolated in the form of the bimetallic silver(I)/gallium(I) cluster anion [Ag4 {Ga(OTf)3 }4 (μ-Ga)6 (OTf)4 ]2- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | | | - John M. Slattery
- Department of ChemistryThe University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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9
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Muraoka T, Yamada T, Motoyoshi K, Ueno K. Synthesis of phosphinogallyliron complexes and their photochemical conversion to a naked gallium-bridged diiron complex. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Boronski JT, Stevens MP, IJzendoorn B, Whitwood AC, Slattery JM. Insights into the Composition and Structural Chemistry of Gallium(I) Triflate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef T. Boronski
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Matthew P. Stevens
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Bono IJzendoorn
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - John M. Slattery
- Department of Chemistry The University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
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11
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Muhr M, Hornung J, Weßing J, Jandl C, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Formation of a Propeller-Shaped Ni 4Ga 3 Cluster Supported by Transmetalation of Cp* from Ga to Ni. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5086-5092. [PMID: 32191447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of GaCp* toward different Ni0 olefin complexes is investigated. The reaction of GaCp* with [Ni(cdt)] (cdt = all-trans-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene) leads to simple adduct formation and the 18 valence electron (ve) compound [Ni(GaCp*)(cdt)] (1). In contrast, [Ni2(dvds)3] (dvds = 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane) is converted to the undercoordinated and highly reactive 16 ve complex [Ni(GaCp*)(dvds)] (2), which represents an intermediate in the formation of the propeller-shaped M7 cluster [Ni4Ga3](Cp*)3(dvds)2 (3). Extensive characterization of the latter compound by experimental and computational means reveals the Cp* transfer from Ga to Ni. Therefore, the title compound can be best expressed by the structural formula [(μ2-GaCp*)(Ni2)(μ2-GaNiCp*)2(dvds)2]. The flexible dvds ligands stabilize this arrangement via alkene-Ni and O-Ga interactions. Furthermore, compound 2 exhibits a fast GaCp* ligand exchange with external GaCp*, which is rather unexpected for the [TM(ECp*)a] compounds; they usually do not undergo substitution reactions with two electron donor ligands like CO, phosphines, or GaCp*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Jana Weßing
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metalorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching D-85748, Germany.,Catalysis Research Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, Garching D-85748, Germany
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12
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Heiß P, Hornung J, Zhou X, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hampered Phosphine Dissociation in Heteroleptic Ni/Zn Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:514-522. [PMID: 31874031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic Ni/Zn complexes can serve as molecular models for the semihydrogenation of acetylene catalyzed by heterogeneous Ni/Zn phases. Pursuing this target, we present the synthesis of the series [Ni(ZnCp*)n(ZnMe)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3; 1, 2, 3) which is obtained via E/Zn exchange from [Ni(ECp*)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3, E = Al, Ga; P1, P2, P3). The isolation of the intermediate compound [Ni(GaCp*)(ZnCp*)(ZnMe)(PEt3)2] (2a) supports the assumption of a stepwise Ga/Zn exchange in the formation of 3. The dissociation behavior of PEt3 in 2 and 3 was investigated experimentally using variable temperature (VT) UV-vis spectroscopy indicating suppressed phosphine dissociation in both cases. For comparison, the absorption spectra of the saturated and unsaturated compounds were calculated using time dependent DFT calculations (TDDFT). Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension (EDA NOCV) calculations shows a bond strengthening of the Ni-P bond by successive substitution of the phosphines with (ZnR)2 units. The influence of different phosphines (PMe3, PEt3, PPh3, P(OEt)3) on Ni-P bond length and on Zn-Zn interactions in [Ni(ZnR)2n(PR')4-n] (R = Cp*, Me; R' = Me, Et, Ph, OEt) was also studied by DFT calculations. A correlation of increasing sterical demand of the phosphine ligand and a shortening of the Zn-Zn distances is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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13
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Hornung J, Muhr M, Gemel C, Fischer RA. All-zinc coordinated nickel-complexes as molecular mimics for NiZn catalyst surfaces, a density functional theory study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11743-11748. [PMID: 31298254 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02005e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A prospective connection between Hume-Rothery inspired TM/E (TM = transition metal; E = Al, Ga, Zn) complexes and clusters with the related solid-state intermetallic TM/E compounds is presented with respect to the industrially relevant catalytic semihydrogenation of acetylene. The theoretical study dealing with [Ni(ER)n(C2Hx)4-n] (x = 2, 4; R = CH3, C5Me5,) calculated on the DFT level of theory shows intriguing structural and electronic properties of the examined complexes. Different Ni-E complexes show preferred binding of C2H2 over C2H4 in bridging positions between Ni and E depending on the [Ni(ER)n] fragment. These findings render molecular TM/E systems, such as Ni/Zn, promising candidates to mimic key intermediates of intermetallic catalysts applied in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions. We put these findings into the context of existing synthetic results and illustrate different experimental approaches to obtain compounds of the general formula [TMaEb](Cp*)c(UHC)d (UHC = unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands) as potential surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hornung
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Muhr
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Gemel
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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14
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Butler MJ, Crimmin MR. Magnesium, zinc, aluminium and gallium hydride complexes of the transition metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1348-1365. [PMID: 28070586 PMCID: PMC5777540 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and applications of heterobimetallic complexes continue to occupy researchers in the fields of organometallic, main group, and coordination chemistry. This interest stems from the promise these complexes hold as precursors to materials, reagents in synthesis and as new catalysis. Here we survey and organise the state-of-the-art understanding of the TM-H-M linkage (M = Mg, Zn, Al, Ga). We discuss the structure and bonding in these complexes, their known reactivity, and their largely unrealised potential in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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15
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Freitag K, Banh H, Gemel C, Jerabek P, Seidel RW, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Dizinc cation [Zn2](2+) trapped in a homoleptic metalloid coordination environment stabilized by dispersion forces: [Zn2(GaCp*)6][BAr4(F)]2. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:352-8. [PMID: 25517995 DOI: 10.1021/ic502532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the cationic mixed metal Ga/Zn cluster [Zn2(GaCp*)6](2+) (1) is presented. The reaction of [Zn2Cp*2] with [Ga2Cp*][BAr4(F)] leads to the formation of the novel complex being the first example of a [Zn2](2+) core exclusively ligated by metalloid group-13 organyl-ligands. Compound 1 exhibits two different coordination modes: In the solid state, two of the six GaCp* ligands occupy bridging positions, whereas VT (1)H NMR indicates the coexistence of a second isomer in solution featuring six terminal GaCp* ligands. Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to assign the gallium and zinc positions; the bonding situation in 1 is characterized and the importance of dispersion forces is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Freitag
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics and Materials, Ruhr-University Bochum , D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Schütte K, Doddi A, Kroll C, Meyer H, Wiktor C, Gemel C, van Tendeloo G, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Colloidal nickel/gallium nanoalloys obtained from organometallic precursors in conventional organic solvents and in ionic liquids: noble-metal-free alkyne semihydrogenation catalysts. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5532-5544. [PMID: 24733576 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to replace noble-metal catalysts by low-cost alternatives are of constant interest. The organometallic, non-aqueous wet-chemical synthesis of various hitherto unknown nanocrystalline Ni/Ga intermetallic materials and the use of NiGa for the selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes are reported. Thermal co-hydrogenolysis of the all-hydrocarbon precursors [Ni(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in high-boiling organic solvents mesitylene and n-decane in molar ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 3 and 3 : 1 yields the nano-crystalline powder materials of the over-all compositions NiGa, Ni2Ga3 and Ni3Ga, respectively. Microwave induced co-pyrolysis of the same precursors without additional hydrogen in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] (BMIm = 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) selectively yields the intermetallic phases NiGa and Ni3Ga from the respective 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 molar ratios of the precursors. The obtained materials are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), IR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The single-source precursor [Ni(GaCp*)(PMe3)3] with a fixed Ni : Ga stoichiometry of 1 : 1 was employed as well. In comparison with the co-hydrogenolytic dual precursor source approach it turned out to be less practical due to inefficient nickel incorporation caused by the parasitic formation of stable [Ni(PMe3)4]. The use of ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] as a non-conventional solvent to control the reaction and stabilize the nanoparticles proved to be particularly advantageous and stable colloids of the nanoalloys NiGa and Ni3Ga were obtained. A phase-selective Ni/Ga colloid synthesis in conventional solvents and in the presence of surfactants such as hexadecylamine (HDA) was not feasible due to the undesired reactivity of HDA with GaCp* leading to inefficient gallium incorporation. Recyclable NiGa nanoparticles selectively semihydrogenate 1-octyne and diphenylacetylene (tolan) to 1-octene and diphenylethylene, respectively, with a yield of about 90% and selectivities of up to 94 and 87%. Ni-NPs yield alkanes with a selectivity of 97 or 78%, respectively, under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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17
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Molon M, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Jerabek P, Frenking G, Fischer RA. The Organozinc Rich Compounds [Cp*M(ZnR)5] (M = Fe, Ru; R = Cp*, Me, Cl, Br). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7152-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400741b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul Jerabek
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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18
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Muraoka T, Motohashi H, Tomura H, Ueno K. Photoinduced Formal Gallylene Transfer from Gallium-Bridged Dimetallic Complexes to 16-Electron Metal Fragments. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om301148y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Muraoka
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hideaki Motohashi
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tomura
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueno
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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19
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Armstrong DR, Brammer E, Cadenbach T, Hevia E, Kennedy AR. Co-complexation Syntheses, Structural Characterization, and DFT Studies of a Novel Series of Polymeric Alkali-Metal Tetraorganogallates. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3009469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Elanor Brammer
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K., G1 1XL
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20
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Oelkers B, Butovskii MV, Kempe R. f-Element-Metal Bonding and the Use of the Bond Polarity To Build Molecular Intermetalloids. Chemistry 2012; 18:13566-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Pandey KK, Aldridge S. A theoretical study of the bonding and charge distribution in cationic group 8 metal borylene and alylene complexes: Consequences for complex stability and reactivity. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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González-Gallardo S, Bollermann T, Fischer RA, Murugavel R. Cyclopentadiene Based Low-Valent Group 13 Metal Compounds: Ligands in Coordination Chemistry and Link between Metal Rich Molecules and Intermetallic Materials. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3136-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra González-Gallardo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
(KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Timo Bollermann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Organometallics & Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai−400076, India
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23
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Wang D, van Gunsteren WF, Chai Z. Recent advances in computational actinoid chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5836-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Pandey KK, Aldridge S. Nature of M−Ga Bonds in Cationic Metal-Gallylene Complexes of Iron, Ruthenium, and Osmium, [(η5-C5H5)(L)2M(GaX)]+: A Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1798-807. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102217z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Pandey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Indore 452001, India
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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25
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Bollermann T, Schwedler I, Molon M, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, Fischer RA. Zinc-rich compounds of iron and cobalt: Formation of [Fe2Znn] (n = 2–4) and [Co2Zn3] cores. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12570-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt11386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Pandey KK, Braunschweig H, Lledós A. Nature of Bonding in Terminal Borylene, Alylene, and Gallylene Complexes of Vanadium and Niobium [(η5-C5H5)(CO)3M(ENR2)] (M = V, Nb; E = B, Al, Ga; R = CH3, SiH3, CMe3, SiMe3): A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2010; 50:1402-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1019718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Pandey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Devi Ahilya University Indore, Indore 452017, India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Chemie von [Zn2Cp*2]: einwertiges {.ZnZnCp*}, stabilisiert in den metallreichen Verbindungen [(Pd,Pt)(GaCp*)a(ZnCp*)4−a(ZnZnCp*)4−a] (a=0, 2). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Bollermann T, Freitag K, Gemel C, Seidel RW, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. The Reactivity of [Zn2Cp*2]: Trapping Monovalent {.ZnZnCp*} in the Metal-Rich Compounds [(Pd,Pt)(GaCp*)a(ZnCp*)4−a(ZnZnCp*)4−a] (a=0, 2). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:772-6. [PMID: 21226174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Bollermann
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Welsch S, Bodensteiner M, Dušek M, Sierka M, Scheer M. A Novel Soluble InIPrecursor for PnLigand Coordination Chemistry. Chemistry 2010; 16:13041-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Butovskii MV, Döring C, Bezugly V, Wagner FR, Grin Y, Kempe R. Molecules containing rare-earth atoms solely bonded by transition metals. Nat Chem 2010; 2:741-4. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Synthesis of the Sterically Related Nickel Gallanediyl Complexes [Ni(CO)3(GaAr′)] (Ar′ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2) and [Ni(CO)3(GaL)] (L = HC[C(CH3)N(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)]2): Thermal Decomposition of [Ni(CO)3(GaAr′)] to give the Cluster [Ni4(CO)7(GaAr′)3]. J CLUST SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-010-0325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Halbherr M, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Fischer R. Selektive oxidative Abspaltung von Cp* von koordiniertem GaCp*: “nacktes” Ga+in [GaNi(GaCp*)4]+und [(μ2-Ga)nM3(GaCp*)6]n+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200905920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Halbherr M, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Selective oxidative cleavage of Cp* from coordinated GaCp*: naked Ga+ in [GaNi(GaCp*)4]+ and [(mu2-Ga)nM3(GaCp*)6]n+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1878-81. [PMID: 20127922 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Halbherr
- Inorganic Chemistry II-Organometallics & Materials, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44870 Bochum, Germany
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34
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Gonzalez-Gallardo S, Prabusankar G, Cadenbach T, Gemel C, von Hopffgarten M, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Structure and Bonding of Metal-Rich Coordination Compounds Containing Low Valent Ga(I) and Zn(I) Ligands. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05243-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Minasian SG, Krinsky JL, Rinehart JD, Copping R, Tyliszczak T, Janousch M, Shuh DK, Arnold J. A comparison of 4f vs 5f metal-metal bonds in (CpSiMe3)3M-ECp* (M = Nd, U; E = Al, Ga; Cp* = C5Me5): synthesis, thermodynamics, magnetism, and electronic structure. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13767-83. [PMID: 19725526 DOI: 10.1021/ja904565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of (CpSiMe(3))(3)U or (CpSiMe(3))(3)Nd with (Cp*Al)(4) or Cp*Ga (Cp* = C(5)Me(5)) afforded the isostructural complexes (CpSiMe(3))(3)M-ECp* (M = U, E = Al (1); M = U, E = Ga (2); M = Nd, E = Al (3); M = Nd, E = Ga (4)). In the case of 1 and 2 the complexes were isolated in 39 and 90% yields, respectively, as crystalline solids and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility, and UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy. In the case of 3 and 4, the complexes were observed by variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy but were not isolated as pure materials. Comparison of the equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters DeltaH and DeltaS obtained by (1)H NMR titration methods revealed a much stronger U-Ga interaction in 2 than the Nd-Ga interaction in 4. Competition reactions between (CpSiMe(3))(3)U and (CpSiMe(3))(3)Nd indicate that Cp*Ga selectively binds U over Nd in a 93:7 ratio at 19 degrees C and 96:4 at -33 degrees C. For 1 and 3, comparison of (1)H NMR peak intensities suggests that Cp*Al also achieves excellent U(III)/Nd(III) selectivity at 21 degrees C. The solution electronic spectra and solid-state temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities of 1 and 2, in addition to X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements from scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) of 1, are consistent with those observed for other U(III) coordination complexes. DFT calculations using five different functionals were performed on the model complexes Cp(3)M-ECp (M = Nd, U; E = Al, Ga), and empirical fitting of the values for Cp(3)M-ECp allowed the prediction of binding energy estimates for Cp*Al compounds 1 and 3. NBO/NLMO bonding analyses on Cp(3)U-ECp indicate that the bonding consists predominantly of a E-->U sigma-interaction arising from favorable overlap between the diffuse ligand lone pair and the primarily 7s/6d acceptor orbitals on U(III), with negligible U-->E pi-donation. The overall experimental and computational bonding analysis suggests that Cp*Al and Cp*Ga behave as good sigma-donors in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Minasian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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36
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Cadenbach T, Bollermann T, Gemel C, Tombul M, Fernandez I, Hopffgarten MV, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Molecular Alloys, Linking Organometallics with Intermetallic Hume−Rothery Phases: The Highly Coordinated Transition Metal Compounds [M(ZnR)n] (n ≥ 8) Containing Organo−Zinc Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16063-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ja904061w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cadenbach
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Bollermann
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mustafa Tombul
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Israel Fernandez
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz von Hopffgarten
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Inorganic Chemistry II - Organometallics & Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44870 Bochum, Germany, Departamiento Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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