1
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John M, Rüttger F. Multinuclear Residual Quadrupolar Couplings for Structure and Assignment. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202400068. [PMID: 38465709 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Most stable isotopes have a nuclear spin >1/2, but the quadrupole interaction poses challenge on their detection by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). On the other hand, the quadrupole interaction is a rich source of structural information that may be exploited for solution NMR in the form of residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) of weakly oriented samples. While 2H RQCs are now well established for structure verification and enantiomeric discrimination of organic molecules, we will in this article highlight some recent work on RQCs of other nuclei (especially 7Li and 11B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen
| | - Franziska Rüttger
- Fakultät für Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077, Göttingen
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2
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Yolsal U, Shaw PJ, Lowy PA, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Exploiting Multimetallic Cooperativity in the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Ethers. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1050-1074. [PMID: 38269042 PMCID: PMC10804381 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of multimetallic complexes is a rapidly advancing route to enhance catalyst performance in the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and ethers. Multimetallic catalysts often outperform their monometallic analogues in terms of reactivity and/or polymerization control, and these improvements are typically attributed to "multimetallic cooperativity". Yet the origins of multimetallic cooperativity often remain unclear. This review explores the key factors underpinning multimetallic cooperativity, including metal-metal distances, the flexibility, electronics and conformation of the ligand framework, and the coordination environment of the metal centers. Emerging trends are discussed to provide insights into why cooperativity occurs and how to harness cooperativity for the development of highly efficient multimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Phoebe A. Lowy
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Garden
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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3
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Rüttger F, Stalke D, John M. Resonance and structural assignment in (car)borane clusters using 11B residual quadrupolar couplings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38014978 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A new NMR method for structural verification and 11B resonance assignment in (car)borane clusters is presented, based on the measurement of 11B residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) in a stretched polystyrene (PS) gel. The method was applied to ortho-carborane (B10C2H12), a derivative thereof with reduced symmetry, meta-carborane and decaborane (B10H14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rüttger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael John
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany.
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4
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McCalpin SD, Fu R, Ravula T, Wu G, Ramamoorthy A. Magnetically aligned nanodiscs enable direct measurement of 17O residual quadrupolar coupling for small molecules. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 346:107341. [PMID: 36473327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of 17O in NMR spectroscopy for structural studies has been limited due to its low natural abundance, low gyromagnetic ratio, and quadrupolar relaxation. Previous solution 17O work has primarily focused on studies of liquids where the 17O quadrupolar coupling is averaged to zero by isotropic molecular tumbling, and therefore has ignored the structural information contained in this parameter. Here, we use magnetically aligned polymer nanodiscs as an alignment medium to measure residual quadrupolar couplings (RQCs) for 17O-labelled benzoic acid in the aqueous phase. We show that increasing the magnetic field strength improves spectral sensitivity and resolution and that each satellite peak of the expected pentet pattern resolves clearly at 18.8 T. We observed no significant dependence of the RQC magnitudes on the magnetic field strength. However, changing the orientation of the alignment medium alters the RQC by a consistent factor, suggesting that 17O RQCs measured in this way can provide reliable orientational information for elucidations of molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D McCalpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Thirupathi Ravula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Biophysics, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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5
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Davison N, Quirk JA, Wills C, Dixon C, Waddell PG, Dawson JA, Lu E. Elucidating Solution-State Coordination Modes of Multidentate Neutral Amine Ligands with Group-1 Metal Cations: Variable-Temperature NMR Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15204-15212. [PMID: 36109881 PMCID: PMC9516690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Multidentate neutral amine ligands play vital roles in
coordination
chemistry and catalysis. In particular, these ligands are used to
tune the reactivity of Group-1 metal reagents, such as organolithium
reagents. Most, if not all, of these Group-1 metal reagent-mediated
reactions occur in solution. However, the solution-state coordination
behaviors of these ligands with Group-1 metal cations are poorly understood,
compared to the plethora of solid-state structural studies based on
single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. In this work, we
comprehensively mapped out the coordination modes with Group-1 metal
cations for three multidentate neutral amine ligands: tridentate 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
(Me3TACN), tetradentate tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine
(Me6Tren), and hexadentate N,N′,N″-tris-(2-N-diethylaminoethyl)-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane
(DETAN). The macrocycles in the Me3TACN and DETAN are identified
as the rigid structural directing motif, with the sidearms of DETAN
providing flexible “on-demand” coordination sites. In
comparison, the Me6Tren ligand features more robust coordination,
with the sidearms less likely to undergo the decoordinating–coordinating
equilibrium. This work will provide a guidance for coordination chemists
in applying these three ligands, in particular, the new DETAN ligand
to design metal complexes which suit their purposes. Combining variable-temperature nuclear
magnetic resonance
(VT NMR) and DFT calculations, this work elucidates the solution-state
coordination modes of three multidentate neutral amine ligands with
Group-1 metal cations. Our studies prove that two ligand-design building
blocks, that is, N-macrocycle (TACN) and N-sidearms, act as structure-dictating
and hemilabile coordinating sites, respectively. The concept could
be utilized in designing new catalytic systems, which anchor the metal
center on the macrocycle, while the sidearms serve as “on-demand”
protective coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Davison
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James A. Quirk
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Corinne Wills
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Casey Dixon
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Paul G. Waddell
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - James A. Dawson
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Erli Lu
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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6
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Romanenko K, Elliott SJ, Shubin AA, Kuchel PW. Identification of beryllium fluoride complexes in mechanically distorted gels using quadrupolar split 9Be NMR spectra resolved with solution-state selective cross-polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16932-16941. [PMID: 34337629 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uniformly anisotropic media afforded by hydrogels are being increasingly exploited in analytical (structure elucidation) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and in studies of mechanosensitive biophysical and biochemical properties of living cells. The 9Be NMR parameters of beryllium fluoride complexes formed in aqueous solutions are sensitive markers of the anisotropic molecular environments produced by gelatin gels. The electric quadrupole moment of the 9Be nucleus (spin I = 3/2) interacts with the electric field gradient tensor in a stretched (or compressed) gel, giving rise to the splitting of peaks in 9Be NMR spectra. These are in addition to those produced by scalar coupling to the 19F nuclei. Thus, an equilibrium mixture of beryllofluoride complexes (BeF2, BeF3-, and BeF42-) in mechanically distorted gels generates an envelope of overlapping 9Be NMR multiplets. In the present work, the multiplets were dissected apart by using selective excitation of 9Be-19F cross-polarization; and the spectral components were quantified with multi-parameter line-shape decomposition, coupled with SpinDynamica simulations. The effects of gel density and Bloom number (a measure of gelatin-gel rigidity under standard conditions of sample preparation) on residual quadrupolar splittings were examined. Cross-polarization experiments revealed a bimodal distribution of residual quadrupolar coupling constants (RQC) of the BeF3- complexes. The average RQC of the dominant BeF3- population was ∼3 times larger than that of BeF42-. The secondary BeF3- population existed in a tetrahedral configuration. It was attributed to BeF3- complexes associated with negatively charged -COO- groups of the denatured collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Romanenko
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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7
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Bodach A, Ortmeyer J, Herrmann B, Felderhoff M. Amino−Organolithium Compounds and their Aggregation for the Synthesis of Amino−Organoaluminium Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bodach
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Jochen Ortmeyer
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Bastian Herrmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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8
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Djuandhi L, Sharma N, Cowie BCC, Nguyen TV, Rawal A. Mechanistic implications of Li-S cell function through modification of organo-sulfur cathode architectures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14075-14092. [PMID: 34160000 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01838h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copolymeric organo-sulfur based electrodes provide a unique framework to explore and subsequently improve lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cells. There is a general difference in the way copolymers trap lithium during cell function compared to inorganic carbon-sulfur composites. Using a chain-like polyterpene copolymeric architecture involving the copolymerization of squalene monomer with sulfur (poly(S-r-squalene)), the first evidence for distinguishable differences in the entrapment of lithiated species, when using different copolymeric architectures, is provided. Investigation of poly(S-r-squalene) as an active cathode material via X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and high-resolution solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) reveal notable differences compared to previously studied poly(S-r-DIB) (proposed to have a less branched architecture) between the lithium environments present during electrochemistry that can be directly linked to the copolymeric structural features. Subtle but pertinent effects based on the copolymeric architecture related to the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from the electrolytic components are also uncovered through these techniques. This work offers a comprehensive study on poly(S-r-squalene) and reveals that foundational inverse vulcanisation conditions such as choice of crosslinking monomer can dramatically impact lithium transport and SEI formation for the copolymeric electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Djuandhi
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | | | - Aditya Rawal
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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9
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Evans R. The interpretation of small molecule diffusion coefficients: Quantitative use of diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 117:33-69. [PMID: 32471534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring accurate molecular self-diffusion coefficients, D, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques has become routine as hardware, software and experimental methodologies have all improved. However, the quantitative interpretation of such data remains difficult, particularly for small molecules. This review article first provides a description of, and explanation for, the failure of the Stokes-Einstein equation to accurately predict small molecule diffusion coefficients, before moving on to three broadly complementary methods for their quantitative interpretation. Two are based on power laws, but differ in the nature of the reference molecules used. The third addresses the uncertainties in the Stokes-Einstein equation directly. For all three methods, a wide range of examples are used to show the range of chemistry to which diffusion NMR can be applied, and how best to implement the different methods to obtain quantitative information from the chemical systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Evans
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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10
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Bellan AB, Knochel P. Hoch regioselektive Fernlithiierung von funktionalisierten 1,3‐bissilylierten Arenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Bellan
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment Chemie Butenandtstraße 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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11
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Bellan AB, Knochel P. Highly Regioselective Remote Lithiation of Functionalized 1,3‐bis‐Silylated Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1838-1841. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B. Bellan
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
| | - Paul Knochel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenDepartment Chemie Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Germany
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12
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Niklas T, Schulze P, Farès C. Cromolyn/gelatin mixtures as aqueous alignment media and utilization of their mechanical stability for a layering technique. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:1176-1182. [PMID: 30091791 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, aqueous blends of cromolyn and gelatin ("cromogels") are introduced as anisotropic media. The addition of gelatin enables an advantageous adjustability of the strength, the homogeneity, and the stability of the cromolyn alignment. The mechanical stability of these polymer-dispersed liquid crystals is further utilized by stacking layers of D2 O/cromolyn/gelatin with varying component ratio. The resulting distinct phases with correspondingly different degrees of alignment can be targeted by spatially resolved NMR techniques. As a case study, we investigated sucrose in a two-phase system with neat D2 O and analyte layered over the anisotropic medium. A recently presented spatially selective coupled-type HSQC experiment allows the determination of one-bond C-H splitting in both phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Niklas
- Chromatography Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- NMR Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Chromatography Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- NMR Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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13
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Sattler E, Szilvási T, Matern E, Bombicz P, Gamer M, Okrut A, Kovács I. Investigations of LiP(SiMe
2
CH
2
SiMe
3
)–P
t
Bu
2
, the Surprising Byproduct in the Metalation of (Me
3
Si)
2
P–P
t
Bu
2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewald Sattler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin‐Madison 1415 Engineering Drive 53706‐1607 Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Eberhard Matern
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Petra Bombicz
- Research Center for Natural Sciences Hungarian Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 17 1521 Budapest Hungary
| | - Michael Gamer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Engesserstr. 15, Geb. 30.45 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Alexander Okrut
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Berkeley 94720 Berkeley CA USA
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szt. Gellért tér 4 1521 Budapest Hungary
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14
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Niklas T, Steinmetzger C, Rüttger F, Stalke D, John M. Distinct alignment of benzene derivatives in stretched polystyrene and polybutylacrylate gels: Specific polymer-solute interactions. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:1084-1090. [PMID: 28736823 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the alignment of a range of benzene derivatives in cross-linked polystyrene and poly(butyl acrylate) using a small number of residual dipolar couplings and simple geometric considerations. For apolar solutes in polystyrene and protic solutes in poly(butyl acrylate), the preferred molecular orientation does not coincide with the longest molecular axis (steric aligment). This behavior may be explained by specific π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions between solute and polymer, respectively, the latter being confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niklas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Steinmetzger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Rüttger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D Stalke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M John
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Barozzino-Consiglio G, Hamdoun G, Fressigné C, Harrison-Marchand A, Maddaluno J, Oulyadi H. A Combined 1
H/6
Li NMR DOSY Strategy Finally Uncovers the Structure of Isopropyllithium in THF. Chemistry 2017; 23:12475-12479. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Catherine Fressigné
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS; Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038); 76000 Rouen France
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16
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Navarro-Vázquez A, Berdagué P, Lesot P. Integrated Computational Protocol for the Analysis of Quadrupolar Splittings from Natural-Abundance Deuterium NMR Spectra in (Chiral) Oriented Media. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1252-1266. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Navarro-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Cidade Universitária; CEP: 50 740-540 Recife PE Brazil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe German
| | - Philippe Berdagué
- RMN en Milieu Orienté; ICMMO; UMR CNRS 8182; Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay; Bât. 410 91405 Orsay cedex France
| | - Philippe Lesot
- RMN en Milieu Orienté; ICMMO; UMR CNRS 8182; Université Paris-Sud/Université Paris-Saclay; Bât. 410 91405 Orsay cedex France
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17
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Navarro-Vázquez A. State of the art and perspectives in the application of quantum chemical prediction of 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts and scalar couplings for structural elucidation of organic compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:29-32. [PMID: 27531665 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum mechanical prediction of chemical shifts and scalar couplings involving 1 H and 13 C nuclei is now a popular tool in structural elucidation of organic compounds. Here, we summarize the current state of the art and present to the reader present limitations and problems, mostly related to treatment of conformational flexibility, as well as future perspectives and potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Navarro-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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18
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Moskalenko YE, Bagutski V, Thiele CM. Chemically synthesized and cross-linked PDMS as versatile alignment medium for organic compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:95-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08762k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of PDMS gels with controlled amount of cross-linker opens up the opportunity for tuning of alignment media for RDC structure elucidation of organic molecules and mixtures of their isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia E. Moskalenko
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Unitersität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Viktor Bagutski
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Unitersität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie
- Technische Unitersität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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19
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Schmidts V. Perspectives in the application of residual dipolar couplings in the structure elucidation of weakly aligned small molecules. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2017; 55:54-60. [PMID: 27743456 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This perspective article aims to review the general methodology in the application of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) in the structure elucidation of small molecules and give the author's view on challenges for future applications. Recent improvements in the availability of alignment media, new pulse sequences for the measurement of couplings and improvements in the analysis software have garnered widespread interest in the technique. However, further generalization is needed in order to make RDC analysis into a truly "routine" method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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20
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Procházková E, Kolmer A, Ilgen J, Schwab M, Kaltschnee L, Fredersdorf M, Schmidts V, Wende RC, Schreiner PR, Thiele CM. Uncovering Key Structural Features of an Enantioselective Peptide-Catalyzed Acylation Utilizing Advanced NMR Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15754-15759. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Procházková
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- On leave from Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Kolmer
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Julian Ilgen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Mira Schwab
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maic Fredersdorf
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Raffael C. Wende
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Justus-Liebig-Universität; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Justus-Liebig-Universität; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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21
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Procházková E, Kolmer A, Ilgen J, Schwab M, Kaltschnee L, Fredersdorf M, Schmidts V, Wende RC, Schreiner PR, Thiele CM. Aufklärung entscheidender struktureller Aspekte einer enantioselektiven Peptid-katalysierten Acylierung mittels moderner NMR-Techniken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Procházková
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
- Beurlaubt vom Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Tschechische Republik
| | - Andreas Kolmer
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Julian Ilgen
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Mira Schwab
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Lukas Kaltschnee
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Maic Fredersdorf
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Raffael C. Wende
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Justus-Liebig-Universität; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Justus-Liebig-Universität; Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Christina M. Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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22
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Neufeld R, Stalke D. Solution Structure of Turbo-Hauser Base TMPMgCl⋅LiCl in [D8]THF. Chemistry 2016; 22:12624-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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23
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Tzvetkova P, Luy B. Q.E.COSY: determining sign and size of small deuterium residual quadrupolar couplings using an extended E.COSY principle. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2016; 54:351-357. [PMID: 26763050 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Residual quadrupolar couplings contain important structural information comparable with residual dipolar couplings. However, the measurement of sign and size of especially small residual quadrupolar couplings is difficult. Here, we present an extension of the E.COSY principle to spin systems consisting of a Spin 1 coupled to a spin ½ nucleus, which allows the determination of the sign of the quadrupolar coupling of the Spin 1 nucleus relative to the heteronuclear coupling between the spins. The so-called Q.E.COSY approach is demonstrated with its sign-sensitivity using variable angle NMR, stretched gels and liquid crystalline phases applied to various CD and CD3 groups. Especially the sign-sensitive measurement of residual quadrupolar couplings that remain unresolved in conventional deuterium 1D spectra is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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24
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Neufeld R, Teuteberg TL, Herbst-Irmer R, Mata RA, Stalke D. Solution Structures of Hauser Base iPr2NMgCl and Turbo-Hauser Base iPr2NMgCl·LiCl in THF and the Influence of LiCl on the Schlenk-Equilibrium. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4796-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Neufeld
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten L. Teuteberg
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Niklas T, Steinmetzger C, Liu W, Zell D, Stalke D, Ackermann L, John M. Determination of the Relative Configuration of β-Amino Acid Esters Based on Residual Dipolar Couplings. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Niklas T, Stalke D, John M. Single-shot titrations and reaction monitoring by slice-selective NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1275-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08329f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time into space: the progress of a reaction is mapped onto an instant series of spatially resolved NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Niklas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - D. Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - M. John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
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27
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Pöppler A, Granitzka M, Herbst‐Irmer R, Chen Y, Iversen BB, John M, Mata RA, Stalke D. Charakterisierung eines Mehrkomponenten‐Lithiumlithats durch eine Kombination von Röntgenstrukturanalyse, NMR‐Spektroskopie und theoretischen Studien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Christin Pöppler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Markus Granitzka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | | | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University (Dänemark)
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Göttingen (Deutschland)
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Deutschland)
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28
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Pöppler AC, Granitzka M, Herbst-Irmer R, Chen YS, Iversen BB, John M, Mata RA, Stalke D. Characterization of a Multicomponent Lithium Lithiate from a Combined X-Ray Diffraction, NMR Spectroscopy, and Computational Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13282-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Klett J. Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene: exo and endo coordination of sodium and potassium with a rigid bowl-shaped hydrocarbon anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7929-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monometalated tribenzotriquinacene forms an exo coordinated arrangement with sodium, while potassium is found in an endo position inside the bowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klett
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Pöppler AC, Frischkorn S, Stalke D, John M. Toluene and Lithium Amide Diffusion into Polystyrene: A Slice-Selective NMR-Spectroscopic Study. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3103-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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31
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Mechanism of the Deprotonation Reaction of Alkyl Benzyl Ethers withn-Butyllithium. Chemistry 2013; 19:9677-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Trigo-Mouriño P, Merle C, Koos MRM, Luy B, Gil RR. Probing Spatial Distribution of Alignment by Deuterium NMR Imaging. Chemistry 2013; 19:7013-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Kruck M, Wadepohl H, Enders M, Gade LH. Giant Residual Dipolar13C-1H Couplings in High-Spin Organoiron Complexes: Elucidation of Their Structures in Solution by13C NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2013; 19:1599-606. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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