1
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Michel E, Grieser FF, Mackenroth AV, Schukin M, Krämer P, Tahir S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Light-Induced Metal-Free Generation of Cyanocarbenes from Alkynyl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Nitrile Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309274. [PMID: 37515774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of alkynyl triazenes is an emerging field for organic chemists and especially acid-induced nucleophilic functionalizations, either directly, or after a prior reaction towards aromatic triazenes under extrusion of nitrogen, paved the way for fruitful strategies. In contrast, the chemical behavior of alkynyl triazenes upon irradiation with light is still unknown. Herein we present the first photoactivation of alkynyl triazenes that triggers an uncommon reactivity pattern involving the cleavage of the N1-N2 bond of the triazene moiety resulting in a unique approach to cyanocarbenes from a readily available, stable, and insensitive precursor. This allows to access various nitrile compounds without the use of a toxic cyanating agent by exploiting the reactivity pattern of carbenes. By variation of the reaction conditions and light sources, different substitution patterns can be obtained selectively in good yields under mild and metal-free conditions, thus introducing the alkynyl triazene unit as a photo accessible methylene nitrile synthon. Using this synthon, subclasses like α-alkoxynitriles, α-aminonitriles and α-cyanohydrazones become easily available. These exhibit synthetically valuable substitution patterns for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, intermediates for total synthesis and amino acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian F Grieser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schukin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaista Tahir
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Wu Y, Frank N, Song Q, Liu M, Anderson EA, Bi X. Silver catalysis in organic synthesis: A computational view. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Jiang X, zheng Z, Gao Y, Lan D, Xu W, Wang Z, Chen G. Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenyl Nitriles via Cyanocarbene Addition of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the metal-free synthesis of methylenecyclobutane containing tetrasubstituted alkenyl nitriles via a strain-release driven addition reaction of [1.1.1]propellane under mild conditions. Using this strategy, TMSN3 was shown to...
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4
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Yoshimura A, Huss CD, Liebl M, Rohde GT, Larson SM, Frahm GB, Luedtke MW, Schumacher TJ, Gardner ZS, Zhdankin VV, Postnikov PS, Yusubov MS, Kitamura T, Saito A. Preparation, Structure, and Reactivity of Pseudocyclic β‐Trifluorosulfonyloxy Vinylbenziodoxolone Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences The Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The College of St. Scholastica Duluth Minnesota 55811 USA
| | - Christopher D. Huss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Mackenzie Liebl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | | | - Scott M. Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Gunnar B. Frahm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | | | - Tanner J. Schumacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Zachary S. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Viktor V. Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Minnesota Duluth Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences The Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
- Department of Solid-State Engineering University of Chemistry and Technology Prague 16628 Czech Republic
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences The Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Tsugio Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry Saga University, Honjo-machi Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-23-16 Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588
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5
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Ura T, Shimbo D, Yudasaka M, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthesis of Phenol-Derived cis-Vinyl Ethers Using Ethynyl Benziodoxolone. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4000-4004. [PMID: 33058543 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cis-β-phenoxyvinyl benziodoxolones (cis-β-phenol-VBXs) from an ethynyl benziodoxolone-acetonitrile complex (EBX-MeCN) and various phenols is reported herein. The reaction tolerates different phenol derivatives, including complex natural products, and can be conducted under mild conditions. The synthesis was performed in an aqueous solvent in the absence and presence of a catalytic amount of a base. Selectively mono- and di-deuterated cis-β-phenol-VBXs were also prepared. cis-β-Phenol-VBXs were stereospecifically derivatized to cis-alkynylvinyl ethers and cis-iodovinyl ethers without loss of stereoselectivity or reduction in the deuterium/hydrogen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimbo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
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6
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Wang H, Liang L, Guo Z, Peng H, Qiao S, Saha N, Zhu D, Zeng W, Chen Y, Huang P, Wen S. Highly Reactive Cyclic Monoaryl Iodoniums Tuned as Carbene Generators Couple with Nucleophiles under Metal-Free Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101307. [PMID: 32634743 PMCID: PMC7338778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions between aryl iodide and nucleophiles have been well developed. Iodoniums equipped with a reactive C-I(III) bond accelerate cross-coupling reactions of aryl iodide. Among them, cyclic diaryliodoniums are more atom economical; however; they are often in the trap of metal reliance and encounter regioselectivity issues. Now, we have developed a series of highly reactive cyclic monoaryl-vinyl iodoniums that can be tuned to construct C-N, C-O, and C-C bonds without metal catalysis. Under promotion of triethylamine, coupling reactions with aniline, phenol, aromatic acid, and indole proceed rapidly and regioselectively at room temperature. The carbene species is conceptualized as a key intermediate in our mechanism model. Furthermore, the coupling products enable diversity-oriented synthesis strategy to further build up a chemical library of diverse heterocyclic fragments that are in demand in the drug discovery field. Our current work provides a deep insight into the synthetic application of these highly reactive cyclic iodoniums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liyun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhirong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Nemai Saha
- Berhampore Girl's College, Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal 742101, India
| | - Daqian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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7
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Cao S, Ji Q, Li H, Pang M, Yuan H, Zhang J, Bi X. AgN3-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Terminal Alkynes and Mechanistic Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7083-7091. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qinghe Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huaizhi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Maolin Pang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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8
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Sivaguru P, Cao S, Babu KR, Bi X. Silver-Catalyzed Activation of Terminal Alkynes for Synthesizing Nitrogen-Containing Molecules. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:662-675. [PMID: 32078302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alkynes are one of the most abundant chemicals in organic chemistry, and therefore the development of catalytic reactions to transform alkynes into other useful functionalities is of great value. In recent decades, extraordinary advances have been made in this area with transition-metal catalysis, and silver-based reagents are ideal for the activation of alkynes. This high reactivity is probably due to the superior π-Lewis acidic, carbophilic behavior of silver(I), allowing it to selectively activate carbon-carbon triple bonds (C≡C) through the formation of a silver-π complex. Within this field, we have been interested in the activation and subsequent reactions of readily accessible terminal alkynes for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds, which has generally received less attention than methods involving internal alkynes. This is possibly due to the lack of suitable reactive reaction partners that are compatible under transition metals. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the factors that influence homogeneous silver catalysis and the identification of the appropriate reaction partners can provide a powerful platform for designing more efficient silver-catalyzed reactions of terminal alkynes. In this context, we envisioned that using readily available, environmentally benign, and inexpensive trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) or an isocyanide as the nitrogen-donor would be the key to develop novel reactions of terminal alkynes.This Account describes our efforts since 2013 toward the development of novel silver-catalyzed tandem reactions of terminal alkynes with either TMSN3 or isocyanides for the assembly of various nitrogen-containing compounds. The first section of this Account discusses the initial developments in the silver-catalyzed hydroazidation of terminal alkynes with TMSN3 and the subsequent advances made in our laboratory. We first describe the discovery and experimental and computational mechanistic investigations of silver-catalyzed hydroazidation reactions, which is the most efficient strategy reported to date for accessing vinyl azides. Mechanistic study of this hydroazidation reaction provides an alternative activation mode for terminal alkyne conversion in transition metal catalysis. We then present the chemistry of in situ generated vinyl azides, including one-pot tandem radical addition/cyclization or migration reactions of terminal alkynes to access a variety of nitrogen-containing molecules. Finally, we discuss the one-pot, multistep tandem hydroazidation and 1,2-azide migratory gem-difluorination of terminal alkynes for the synthesis of β-difluorinated alkyl azides. The second section describes the silver-catalyzed coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and isocyanides, which offer a straightforward method for accessing synthetically useful building blocks, such as pyrroles, allenamides, benzofuran, vinyl sulfones, indazolines, propiolonitriles, and pyrazoles. The high efficiency, mild conditions, low cost, broad substrate scope, high chemo- and regioselectivity, step economy, and ecofriendliness of the developed approaches make them attractive and practical. The progress in this area provides guiding principles for designing new reactions of terminal alkynes that can be extended to various nitrogen-containing molecules of interest to medicinal and materials chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kaki Raveendra Babu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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9
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Shimbo D, Shibata A, Yudasaka M, Maruyama T, Tada N, Uno B, Itoh A. Synthesis of cis-β-Amidevinyl Benziodoxolones from the Ethynyl Benziodoxolone-Chloroform Complex and Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:9769-9773. [PMID: 31742414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis-β-amidevinyl benziodoxolones from the ethynyl benziodoxolone-chloroform complex and sulfonamides is reported. Evidence indicates that highly reactive unsubstituted ethynyl benziodoxolone undergoes Michael addition of sulfonamides, including sterically demanding acyclic amino acid derivatives. The synthesis of selectively deuterated cis-β-amidevinyl benziodoxolones and investigation of ethynyl-λ3-iodane reactivity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimbo
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Toshifumi Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering , Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1 , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Bunji Uno
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
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10
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Tóth BL, Béke F, Egyed O, Bényei A, Stirling A, Novák Z. Synthesis of Multifunctional Aryl(trifloxyalkenyl)iodonium Triflate Salts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9188-9197. [PMID: 31460007 PMCID: PMC6648789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A convenient procedure for the synthesis of aryl(trifloxyalkenyl)iodonium triflate salts from commercially available (diacetoxyiodo)benzene, trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, and acetylenes under mild conditions was developed. The obtained multifunctional hypervalent vinyliodonium salts equipped with electrophilic and nucleophilic functions could serve as novel C2 synthons for organic transformations. The structure of the iodonium salts was identified by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs L. Tóth
- ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Béke
- ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Egyed
- Research
Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bényei
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of Debrecen, Egyetem
tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research
Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- ELTE
“Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research
Group, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Hyatt IFD, Dave L, David N, Kaur K, Medard M, Mowdawalla C. Hypervalent iodine reactions utilized in carbon–carbon bond formations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7822-7848. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01267b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review covers recent developments of hypervalent iodine chemistry in dearomatizations, radicals, hypervalent iodine-guided electrophilic substitution, arylations, photoredox, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loma Dave
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Navindra David
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Marly Medard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
| | - Cyrus Mowdawalla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Adelphi University
- Garden City
- USA
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12
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Al-Huniti MH, Sullivan ZB, Stanley JL, Carson JA, Hyatt IFD, Hairston AC, Croatt MP. Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflate Generated Phenylcyanocarbene and Its Reactivity with Aromatic Systems. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11772-11780. [PMID: 28841312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenylcyanocarbene was generated by the reaction of azide with a hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflate and reacted in situ with 21 different carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds. These reactions led to more complex products that frequently underwent subsequent rearrangements. The reactivity was further explored in a mechanistic study to ascertain the chemoselectivity and stereospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Al-Huniti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Zachary B Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Jarrod L Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - I F Dempsey Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University , 1 South Avenue, Garden City, New York 11530, United States
| | - A Christina Hairston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Mitchell P Croatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro , 435 Sullivan Science Building, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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13
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Yuan H, Xiao P, Zheng Y, Zhang J. DFT studies on the mechanism of Ag2
CO3
-catalyzed hydroazidation of unactivated terminal alkynes with TMS-N3
: An insight into the silver(I) activation mode. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2289-2297. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yuan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Pin Xiao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yiying Zheng
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University; Renmin Street 5268# Changchun 130024 China
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14
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Hamnett DJ, Moran WJ. Improving alkynyl(aryl)iodonium salts: 2-anisyl as a superior aryl group. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 12:4156-62. [PMID: 24831875 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00556b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of alkynyl(aryl)iodonium salts reported in the literature are derived from iodobenzene. This article describes the effects of varying this iodoarene building block on the synthesis, reactivity and stability of these salts. Two procedures to synthesize a variety of known and novel alkynyl(aryl)iodonium tosylates directly from the iodoarene are reported. In the reactions of these salts, those derived from 2-iodoanisole gave superior results than the others tested in every reaction. Isothermal microcalorimetry indicated that these novel salts were significantly more stable and less prone to decomposition than all of the other derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hamnett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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15
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Abstract
The preparation, structure, and chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds are reviewed with emphasis on their synthetic application. Compounds of iodine possess reactivity similar to that of transition metals, but have the advantage of environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of natural resources. These compounds are widely used in organic synthesis as selective oxidants and environmentally friendly reagents. Synthetic uses of hypervalent iodine reagents in halogenation reactions, various oxidations, rearrangements, aminations, C-C bond-forming reactions, and transition metal-catalyzed reactions are summarized and discussed. Recent discovery of hypervalent catalytic systems and recyclable reagents, and the development of new enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. One of the goals of this Review is to attract the attention of the scientific community as to the benefits of using hypervalent iodine compounds as an environmentally sustainable alternative to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth , Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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16
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Kumar RK, Bi X. Catalytic σ-activation of carbon–carbon triple bonds: reactions of propargylic alcohols and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:853-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of organic transformations have been developed based on conceptually novel catalytic σ-activation of CC bonds of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapolu Kiran Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- 130024 Changchun
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
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17
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Synthesis, Characterization and Reactions of (Azidoethynyl)trimethylsilane. Molecules 2015; 20:21328-35. [PMID: 26633330 PMCID: PMC6332308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of azido(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (6) was performed by treating the iodonium salt 5 with highly soluble hexadecyltributylphosphonium azide (QN3) at −40 °C. Although this product is very unstable, it can nevertheless be trapped by the click reaction with cyclooctyne to give the corresponding 1,2,3-triazole, and also directly characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR data as well as IR-spectra, which were measured in solution at low temperature and in the gas phase. The thermal or photochemical decay of azide 6 leads to cyano(trimethylsilyl)carbene. This is demonstrated not only by quantum chemical calculations, but also by the trapping reactions with the help of isobutene.
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19
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Banert K, Hagedorn M, Pester T, Siebert N, Staude C, Tchernook I, Rathmann K, Hollóczki O, Friedrich J. Rearrangement Reactions of Tritylcarbenes: Surprising Ring Expansion and Computational Investigation. Chemistry 2015; 21:14911-23. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Huang X, Li X, Jiao N. Copper-catalyzed direct transformation of simple alkynes to alkenyl nitriles via aerobic oxidative N-incorporation. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6355-6360. [PMID: 30090253 PMCID: PMC6054104 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative N-incorporation into aliphatic terminal alkynes for the synthesis of alkenyl nitriles has been reported. The usage of inexpensive copper catalyst, O2 as the sole oxidant, broad substrate scope as well as the feasibility for “the late-stage modification” make this protocol very promising.
A novel direct transformation of aliphatic terminal alkynes to alkenyl nitriles through the incorporation of a nitrogen atom into the simple hydrocarbons has been reported. The usage of inexpensive copper catalyst, O2 as the sole oxidant, broad substrate scope as well as feasibility for “late-stage modification” make this protocol very promising. Mechanistic studies including DFT calculation demonstrate a novel 1,2-hydride shift process for this novel nitrogenation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Xue Yuan Rd. 38 , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Xinyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Xue Yuan Rd. 38 , Beijing 100191 , China .
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Xue Yuan Rd. 38 , Beijing 100191 , China . .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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Dempsey Hyatt IF, Nasrallah DJ, Maxwell MA, Hairston ACF, Abdalhameed MM, Croatt MP. Formation and in situ reactions of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates to form cyanocarbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5287-9. [PMID: 25558484 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of readily available silylalkynes, iodobenzene diacetate, and azide anions was utilized to form and react cyanocarbenes. A copper(II)-catalyzed reaction was found to react in a different manner. Both of these methods benefit from the formation and in situ reaction of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates in O-H insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Dempsey Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA.
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22
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Liu Z, Liao P, Bi X. General Silver-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Terminal Alkynes by Combining TMS-N3 and H2O: Synthesis of Vinyl Azides. Org Lett 2014; 16:3668-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501661k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Peiqiu Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Department
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Zeng X, Beckers H, Seifert J, Banert K. The Photochemical and Thermal Decomposition of Azidoacetylene in the Gas Phase, Solid Matrix, and Solutions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang L, Liao P, Song J, Bi X. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Ethynyl Carbinols: Synthesis of 2-Azidoallyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5305-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang L, Liao P, Song J, Bi X. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Hydroazidation of Ethynyl Carbinols: Synthesis of 2-Azidoallyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Hyatt IFD, Nasrallah DJ, Croatt MP. Synthesis of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates for the application of generating cyanocarbenes. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24056681 DOI: 10.3791/50886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The procedures described in this article involve the synthesis and isolation of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates (HIATs) and their subsequent reactions with azides to form cyanocarbene intermediates. The synthesis of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates can be facile, but difficulties stem from their isolation and reactivity. In particular, the necessity to use filtration under inert atmosphere at -45 °C for some HIATs requires special care and equipment. Once isolated, the compounds can be stored and used in reactions with azides to form cyanocarbene intermediates. The evidence for cyanocarbene generation is shown by visible extrusion of dinitrogen as well as the characterization of products that occur from O-H insertion, sulfoxide complexation, and cyclopropanation. A side reaction of the cyanocarbene formation is the generation of a vinylidene-carbene and the conditions to control this process are discussed. There is also potential to form a hypervalent iodonium alkenyl triflate and the means of isolation and control of its generation are provided. The O-H insertion reaction involves using a HIAT, sodium azide or tetrabutylammonium azide, and methanol as solvent/substrate. The sulfoxide complexation reaction uses a HIAT, sodium azide or tetrabutylammonium azide, and dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent. The cyclopropanations can be performed with or without the use of solvent. The azide source must be tetrabutylammonium azide and the substrate shown is styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I F Dempsey Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Meza-Aviña ME, Patel MK, Croatt MP. Exploring the reactivity of 1,5-disubstituted sulfonyl-triazoles: thermolysis and Rh(II)-catalyzed synthesis of α-sulfonyl nitriles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Dixon LI, Carroll MA, Gregson TJ, Ellames GJ, Harrington RW, Clegg W. Unprecedented regiochemical control in the formation of aryl[1,2-a]imidazopyridines from alkynyliodonium salts: mechanistic insights. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5877-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Jung N, Bräse S. Vinyl and alkynyl azides: well-known intermediates in the focus of modern synthetic methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12169-71. [PMID: 23097305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Jung
- IOC-ComPlat and ITG, KIT-Campus North, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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