1
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Li YH, Cui M, Gong Y, Xu TY, Tong F. Size Reduction to Enhance Crystal-to-Liquid Phase Transition Induced by E-to- Z Photoisomerization Based on Molecular Crystals of Phenylbutadiene Ester. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3664. [PMID: 39124328 PMCID: PMC11312889 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Harnessing the photoinduced phase transitions in organic crystals, especially the changes in shape and structure across various dimensions, offers a fascinating avenue for exact spatiotemporal control, which is crucial for developing future smart devices. In our study, we report a new photoactive molecular crystal made from (E)-2-(3-phenyl-allylidene)malonate ((E)-PADM). When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light at 365 nm, this compound experiences an E-to-Z photoisomerization in liquid solution and a crystal-to-liquid phase transition in solid crystals. Remarkably, nanoscopic crystalline rods boost their melting rate and degree compared to bulk crystals, indicating that miniaturization enhances the photoinduced melting effect. Our results demonstrate a simple approach to rapidly drive molecular crystals into liquids via photochemical reactions and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; (Y.-H.L.); (M.C.); (Y.G.); (T.-Y.X.)
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2
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Bequet-Ermoy E, Silvestre V, Cuenot S, Ishow E. Reversible Light-Triggered Stretching of Small-Molecule Photochromic Organic Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403912. [PMID: 38994656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Functional organic nanomaterials are nowadays largely spread in the field of nanomedicine. In situ modulation of their morphology is thus expected to considerably impact their interactions with the surroundings. In this context, photoswitchable nanoparticles that are manufactured, amenable to extensive disassembling upon illumination in the visible, and reversible reshaping under UV exposure. Such reversibility turns to be strongly impaired for photochromic nanoparticles in close contact with a substrate. In situ atomic force microscopy investigations at the nanoscale actually reveal progressive disintegration of the organic nanoparticles under successive UV-vis cycles of irradiation, in the absence of intrinsic elastic forces. These results point out the dramatic interactions exerted by surfaces on the cohesion of non-covalently bonded organic nanoparticles. They invite to harness such systems, often used as biomarkers, to also serve as photoactivatable drug delivery nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, CNRS, Nantes Université, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Eléna Ishow
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Nantes, F-44000, France
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3
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You Y, Golestani YM, Broer DJ, Yang T, Zhou G, Selinger RLB, Yuan D, Liu D. Transforming patterned defects into dynamic poly-regional topographies in liquid crystal oligomers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3178-3186. [PMID: 38666445 PMCID: PMC11216033 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
We create high-aspect-ratio dynamic poly-regional surface topographies in a coating of a main-chain liquid crystal oligomer network (LCON). The topographies form at the topological defects in the director pattern organized in an array which are controlled by photopatterning of the alignment layer. The defect regions are activated by heat and/or light irradiation to form reversible topographic structures. Intrinsically, the LCON is rubbery and sensitive to temperature changes, resulting in shape transformations. We further advanced such system to make it light-responsive by incorporating azobenzene moieties. Actuation reduces the molecular order of the LCON coating that remains firmly adhered to the substrate which gives directional shear stresses around the topological defects. The stresses relax by deforming the surfaces by forming elevations or indents, depending on the type of defects. The formed topographies exhibit various features, including two types of protrusions, ridges and valleys. These poly-regional structures exhibit a large modulation amplitude of close to 60%, which is 6 times larger than the ones formed in liquid crystal networks (LCNs). After cooling or by blue light irradiation, the topographies are erased to the initial flat surface. A finite element method (FEM) model is adopted to simulate structures of surface topographies. These dynamic surface topographies with multilevel textures and large amplitude expand the application range, from haptics, controlled cell growth, to intelligent surfaces with adjustable adhesion and tribology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin You
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Human Interactive Materials (HIM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands
| | - Youssef M Golestani
- Human Interactive Materials (HIM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Human Interactive Materials (HIM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands
| | - Tinghong Yang
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Robin L B Selinger
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Dong Yuan
- Joint Research Lab of Devices Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Danqing Liu
- Human Interactive Materials (HIM), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, Eindhoven 5612AE, The Netherlands
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4
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Kawakami C, Hara M, Nagano S, Shimomoto H, Yorimoto Y, Yamada T, Oda S, Ihara E, Seki T. Assembly Structure Formation in Bulk and Ultrathin Films of Poly(substituted methylene) Having an Azobenzene Side Chain. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11297-11306. [PMID: 38755745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The density of the side chain introduced to a polymer main chain greatly influences the properties and functions of the polymer. This work first reports on the packing structure and properties at an interface of a poly(substituted methylene) where an azobenzene side chain is introduced at every carbon atom in the main chain (C1PAz). The structure and properties are compared with those of a conventional vinyl polymer [poly(methacrylate)] possessing an identical side-chain structure (C2PAz). The packing structure in the bulk state analyzed by X-ray measurements revealed that C1PAz adopts a highly ordered rectangular unit cell structure, whereas C2PAz shows a less ordered lamellar one. Langmuir film balance experiments indicated that both polymers with the trans-azobenzene give essentially the identical 2D side-chain occupying area on water, which agrees well with the smectic B (hexatic packing) model based on the X-ray data. Upon transfer onto a solid substrate, only C1PAz shows a conformational transformation to a spread bilayer-type layer, most probably due to conformational frustration stemming from the crowding of the side chains. This study proposes new insights into the effects of side-chain density on the self-assembly and photoreaction of azobenzene-containing polymers, which are expected to expand the possibilities of polymer design for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Kawakami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Faculty of Engineering and Design, Kagawa University, 2217-20, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toyoshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimomoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunko-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yorimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunko-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunko-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunko-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Eiji Ihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunko-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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5
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Ma S, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Multifunctional UV-NIR Dual Light-Responsive Soft Actuators from a Main-Chain Azobenzene Semi-Crystalline Poly(ester-amide) Doped with Polydopamine Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303306. [PMID: 37965800 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of soft photoactuators with multifunctionality and improved performance is highly important for their broad applications. Herein, we report on a facile and efficient strategy for fabricating such photoactuators with UV-NIR dual light-responsivity, room-temperature 3D shape reprogrammability and reprocessability, and photothermal healability by doping polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles into a main-chain azobenzene semi-crystalline poly(ester-amide) (PEA). The PEA/PDA nanoparticle composite was readily processed into free-standing films with enhanced mechanical and photomechanical properties compared with the blank PEA films. Its physically crosslinked uniaxially oriented films showed rapid and highly reversible photochemically induced bending/unbending under the UV/visible light irradiation at room temperature in both the air atmosphere and water. When exposed to the NIR light, they (and their bilayer films formed with a polyimide film) exhibited photothermally induced bending even at a temperature much lower than their crystalline-to-isotropic phase transition temperature based on a unique mechanism (involving photothermally induced polymer chain relaxation due to the disruption of their hydrogen bonds). The room-temperature 3D shape reprogrammability and reprocessability and photothermal healability of the composite polymer films were also demonstrated. Such multifunctional dual light-responsive photoactuators with well-balanced mechanical robustness, actuation stability, 3D shape reprogrammability/reprocessability and photothermal healability hold much promise in various photoactuating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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6
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Younis M, Ahmad S, Atiq A, Amjad Farooq M, Huang MH, Abbas M. Recent Progress in Azobenzene-Based Supramolecular Materials and Applications. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300126. [PMID: 37435961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers are functional photoswitchable molecules to form supramolecular nanomaterials for various applications. Recently, supramolecular nanomaterials have received enormous attention in material science because of their simple bottom-up synthesis approach, understandable mechanisms and structural features, and batch-to-batch reproducibility. Azobenzene is a light-responsive functional moiety in the molecular design of small molecules and polymers and is used to switch the photophysical properties of supramolecular nanomaterials. Herein, we review the latest literature on supramolecular nano- and micro-materials formed from azobenzene-containing small molecules and polymers through the combinatorial effect of weak molecular interactions. Different classes including complex coacervates, host-guest systems, co-assembled, and self-assembled supramolecular materials, where azobenzene is an essential moiety in small molecules, and photophysical properties are discussed. Afterward, azobenzene-containing polymers-based supramolecular photoresponsive materials formed through the host-guest approach, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and post-polymerization assembly techniques are highlighted. In addition to this, the applications of photoswitchable supramolecular materials in pH sensing, and CO2 capture are presented. In the end, the conclusion and future perspective of azobenzene-based supramolecular materials for molecular assembly design, and applications are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Atia Atiq
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Education, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Farooq
- Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Hua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5, Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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7
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Sagnelli D, D’Avino A, Rippa M, Vestri A, Marchesano V, Nenna G, Villani F, Ardila G, Centi S, Ratto F, Petti L. Photomobile Polymer-Piezoelectric Composite for Enhanced Actuation and Energy Generation. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1651-1660. [PMID: 37915969 PMCID: PMC10616835 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an innovative approach to increase the quantum yield and wavelength sensitivity of photomobile polymer (PMP) films based on azobenzene by doping the polymer matrix with noble metal nanoparticles. These doped PMP films showed faster and more significant bending under both UV as well as visible and near-infrared light regardless of whether it was coherent, incoherent, polarized, or unpolarized irradiation, expanding the potential of PMP-based actuators. To illustrate their practical implications, we created a proof-of-concept model of power generation by coupling it to flexible piezoelectric materials under simulated sunlight. This model has been tested under real operating conditions, thus demonstrating the possibility of generating electricity with variable light exposure. Additionally, our synthetic protocol is solvent-free, which is another benefit of environmental relevance. Our research lays the groundwork for the development of sunlight-sensitive devices, such as photomechanical actuators and advanced photovoltaic modules, which may break ground in the thriving field of smart materials. We are confident that the presented findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse in the field and inspire additional advances in renewable energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sagnelli
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
| | - Amalia D’Avino
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nenna
- Energy
and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA,
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Portici Research Centre, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Fulvia Villani
- Energy
and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA,
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Portici Research Centre, Portici, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Gustavo Ardila
- CNRS,
Grenoble INP, IMEP-LaHC, Univ. Grenoble
Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Sonia Centi
- Nello
Carrara Institute of Applied Physics of CNR, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ratto
- Nello
Carrara Institute of Applied Physics of CNR, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lucia Petti
- Institute
of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, Pozzuoli 80072, Italy
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8
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Jiang J, Zhao Y. Liquid Crystalline Elastomer for Separate or Collective Sensing and Actuation Functions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301932. [PMID: 37162491 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A porous liquid crystalline elastomer actuator filled with an ionic liquid (PLCE-IL) is shown to exhibit the functions of two classes of materials: electrically responsive, deformable materials for sensing and soft active materials for stimuli-triggered actuation. On one hand, upon the order-disorder phase transition of aligned mesogens, PLCE-IL behaves like a typical actuator capable of reversible shape change and can be used to assemble light-fuelled soft robot. On the other hand, at temperatures below the phase transition, PLCE-IL is an elastomer that can sustain and sense large deformations of various modes as well as environmental condition changes by reporting the corresponding electrical resistance variation. The two distinguished functions can also be used collectively with PLCE-IL integrated in one device. This intelligent feature is demonstrated with an artificial arm. When the arm is manually powered to fold and unfold, the PLCE-IL strip serves as a deformation sensor; while when the manual power is not available, the role of the PLCE-IL strip is switched to an actuator that enables light-driven folding and unfolding of the arm. This study shows that electrically responsive LCEs are a potential materials platform that offers possibilities for merging deformable electronic and actuation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
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9
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Ma S, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhang H. Fully Room Temperature Reprogrammable, Recyclable, and Photomobile Soft Actuators from Physically Cross-Linked Main-Chain Azobenzene Liquid Crystalline Polymers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104174. [PMID: 37241914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully room temperature three-dimensional (3D) shape-reprogrammable, recyclable, and photomobile azobenzene (azo) polymer actuators hold much promise in many photoactuating applications, but their development is challenging. Herein, we report on the efficient synthesis of a series of main-chain azo liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) with such performances via Michael addition polymerization. They have both ester groups and two kinds of hydrogen bond-forming groups (i.e., amide and secondary amino groups) and different flexible spacer length in the backbones. Such poly(ester-amide-secondary amine)s (PEAsAs) show low glass transition temperatures (Tg ≤ 18.4 °C), highly ordered smectic liquid crystalline phases, and reversible photoresponsivity. Their uniaxially oriented fibers fabricated via the melt spinning method exhibit good mechanical strength and photoinduced reversible bending/unbending and large stress at room temperature, which are largely influenced by the flexible spacer length of the polymers. Importantly, all these fibers can be easily reprogrammed under strain at 25 °C into stable fiber springs capable of showing a totally different photomobile mode (i.e., unwinding/winding), mainly owing to the presence of low Tg and both dynamic hydrogen bonding and stable crystalline domains (induced by the uniaxial drawing during the fiber formation). They can also be recycled from a solution at 25 °C. This work not only presents the first azo LCPs with 3D shape reprogrammability, recyclability, and photomobility at room temperature, but also provides some important knowledge of their structure-property relationship, which is useful for designing more advanced photodeformable azo polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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10
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Jiang J, Chen Q, Xu M, Chen J, Wu S. Photoresponsive Diarylethene-Containing Polymers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023:e2300117. [PMID: 37183270 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers have attracted increasing interest owing to their potential applications in anticounterfeiting, information encryption, adhesives, etc. Among them, diarylethene (DAE)-containing polymers are one of the most promising photoresponsive polymers and have unique thermal stability and fatigue resistance compared to azobenzene- and spiropyran-containing polymers. Herein, the design of DAE-containing polymers based on different types of structures, including main chain polymers, side-chain polymers, and crosslinked polymers, is introduced. The mechanism and applications of DAE-containing polymers in anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, light-controllable adhesives, and photoinduced healable materials are reviewed. In addition, the remaining challenges of DAE-containing polymers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, China
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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11
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Hamaguchi K, Lu H, Okamura S, Kajiyama S, Uchida J, Sato S, Watanabe G, Ishii Y, Washizu H, Ungar G, Kato T. Reentrant 2D Nanostructured Liquid Crystals by Competition between Molecular Packing and Conformation: Potential Design for Multistep Switching of Ionic Conductivity. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200927. [PMID: 36594677 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reentrant phenomena in soft matter and biosystems have attracted considerable attention because their properties are closely related to high functionality. Here, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the self-assembly and reentrant behavior of a single-component thermotropic smectic liquid crystal toward the realization of dynamically functional materials. We have designed and synthesized a mesogenic molecule consisting of an alicyclic trans,trans-bicyclohexyl mesogen and a polar cyclic carbonate group connected by a flexible tetra(oxyethylene) spacer. The molecule exhibits an unprecedented sequence of layered smectic phases, in the order: smectic A-smectic B-reentrant smectic A. Electron density profiles and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations indicate that competition between the stacking of bicyclohexyl mesogens and the conformational flexibility of tetra(oxyethylene) chains induces this unusual reentrant behavior. Ion-conductive reentrant liquid-crystalline materials have been developed, which undergo the multistep conductivity changes in response to temperature. The reentrant liquid crystals have potential as new mesogenic materials exhibiting switching functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shota Okamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Washizu
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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12
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Dong X, Luo X, Zhao H, Qiao C, Li J, Yi J, Yang L, Oropeza FJ, Hu TS, Xu Q, Zeng H. Recent advances in biomimetic soft robotics: fabrication approaches, driven strategies and applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7699-7734. [PMID: 36205123 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Compared to traditional rigid-bodied robots, soft robots are constructed using physically flexible/elastic bodies and electronics to mimic nature and enable novel applications in industry, healthcare, aviation, military, etc. Recently, the fabrication of robots on soft matter with great flexibility and compliance has enabled smooth and sophisticated 'multi-degree-of-freedom' 3D actuation to seamlessly interact with humans, other organisms and non-idealized environments in a highly complex and controllable manner. Herein, we summarize the fabrication approaches, driving strategies, novel applications, and future trends of soft robots. Firstly, we introduce the different fabrication approaches to prepare soft robots and compare and systematically discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Then, we present the actuator-based and material-based driving strategies of soft robotics and their characteristics. The representative applications of soft robotics in artificial intelligence, medicine, sensors, and engineering are summarized. Also, some remaining challenges and future perspectives in soft robotics are provided. This work highlights the recent advances of soft robotics in terms of functional material selection, structure design, control strategies and biomimicry, providing useful insights into the development of next-generation functional soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xiaohang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Chenyu Qiao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Jiapeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianhong Yi
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
| | - Francisco J Oropeza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Travis Shihao Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada.
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13
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Mihai LA, Mistry D, Raistrick T, Gleeson HF, Goriely A. A mathematical model for the auxetic response of liquid crystal elastomers. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2022; 380:20210326. [PMID: 36031830 PMCID: PMC9421376 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We develop a mathematical model that builds on the surprising nonlinear mechanical response observed in recent experiments on nematic liquid crystal elastomers. Namely, under uniaxial tensile loads, the material, rather than thinning in the perpendicular directions, becomes thicker in one direction for a sufficiently large strain, while its volume remains unchanged. Motivated by this unusual large-strain auxetic behaviour, we model the material using an Ogden-type strain-energy function and calibrate its parameters to available datasets. We show that Ogden strain-energy functions are particularly suitable for modelling nematic elastomers because of their mathematical simplicity and their clear formulation in terms of the principal stretches, which have a direct kinematic interpretation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The Ogden model of rubber mechanics: Fifty years of impact on nonlinear elasticity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Angela Mihai
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Devesh Mistry
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas Raistrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen F. Gleeson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alain Goriely
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
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14
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Sagnelli D, Rippa M, D’Avino A, Vestri A, Marchesano V, Petti L. Development of LCEs with 100% Azobenzene Moieties: Thermo-Mechanical Phenomena and Behaviors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1665. [PMID: 36296018 PMCID: PMC9607918 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene is one of the most investigated photo-responsive liquid crystalline molecules. It can isomerize between two different isoforms, trans (E) and cis (Z) configurations, when stimulated by light. It is used as a molecular engine in photo-mobile materials (PMPs). The use of liquid crystals (LCs) as building blocks enhances the mechanical properties of the PMPs. It is not easy to obtain PMPs with monodomain configurations when the LCs are 100% azobenzene. In this work, we studied three LC mixtures, describing the thermo/mechanical phenomena that regulate the actuation of such materials. The nematic temperature of the LC elastomers was measured and the PMPs carefully characterized for their bending and speed capability. Our finding suggests that the ratio between linear and cross-linker monomer greatly influences the nematic temperature of the mixture. Furthermore, 100% azobenzene materials polymerized using dicumyl peroxide can be useful to design polarization-selective switches.
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15
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Lucchetta DE, Di Donato A, Francescangeli O, Singh G, Castagna R. Light-Controlled Direction of Distributed Feedback Laser Emission by Photo-Mobile Polymer Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2890. [PMID: 36079928 PMCID: PMC9458089 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the realization of Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasing by a high-resolution reflection grating integrated in a Photomobile Polymer (PMP) film. The grating is recorded in a recently developed holographic mixture basically containing halolakanes/acrylates and a fluorescent dye molecule (Rhodamine 6G). The PMP-mixture is placed around the grating spot and a subsequent curing/photo-polymerization process is promoted by UV-irradiation. Such a process brings to the simultaneous formation of the PMP-film and the covalent link of the PMP-film to the DFB-grating area (PMP-DFB system). The PMP-DFB allows lasing action when optically pumped with a nano-pulsed green laser source. Moreover, under a low-power light-irradiation the PMP-DFB bends inducing a spatial readdressing of the DFB-laser emission. This device is the first example of a light-controlled direction of a DFB laser emission. It could represent a novel disruptive optical technology in many fields of Science, making feasible the approach to free standing and light-controllable lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Di Donato
- Dip. DII, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriano Francescangeli
- Dip. SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gautam Singh
- Department of Applied Physics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Riccardo Castagna
- URT-CNR, Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Polo di Chimica, Via Sant’Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- CNR, Institute of Heritage Science, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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16
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Guo C, Yu Y, Jiang X, Ma B, Liu Z, Chai Y, Wang L, Wang B, Du Y, Li N, Fan H, Ou L. Photorenewable Azobenzene Polymer Brush-Modified Nanoadsorbent for Selective Adsorption of LDL in Serum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34388-34399. [PMID: 35856396 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The elevated concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is recognized as a leading factor of hyperlipidemia (HLP), and selective adsorption of serum LDL is regarded as a practical therapy. Based on the superior structure-function characteristics of stimuli-responsive materials, a photorenewable nanoadsorbent (SiO2@Azo@Gly) with high selectivity and reusability was developed using azobenzene as the functional ligand. Its principle was certified by the preparation of silicon nanoparticles with atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)-initiating groups via a sol-gel reaction and their subsequent grafting of azobenzene polymer brushes by surface-initiated ATRP, followed by modification with glycine. Immobilization of carboxylated azobenzene polymer brushes onto the nanoparticles endowed SiO2@Azo@Gly with high adsorption selectivity and reusability. The advanced nanoadsorbent exhibited excellent LDL adsorption capacity at about 27 mg/g and could be regenerated by illumination with high efficiency (circulations ≥ 5); this was further verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. SiO2@Azo@Gly also demonstrated superior adsorption efficiency and selectivity in serum from HLP patients, the respective adsorption capacities of LDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were about 15.65, 24.48, and 28.36 mg/g, and the adsorption to high-density lipoprotein (cardioprotective effect) was only about 3.66 mg/g. Green regeneration of the nanoadsorbent could be achieved completely through a simple photoregeneration process, and the recovery rate was still 97.9% after five regeneration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yameng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinbang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Boya Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yamin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunzheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325700, China
| | - Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325700, China
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17
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Fedele C, Ruoko TP, Kuntze K, Virkki M, Priimagi A. New tricks and emerging applications from contemporary azobenzene research. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:1719-1734. [PMID: 35896915 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes have many faces. They are well-known as dyes, but most of all, azobenzenes are versatile photoswitchable molecules with powerful photochemical properties. Azobenzene photochemistry has been extensively studied for decades, but only relatively recently research has taken a steer towards applications, ranging from photonics and robotics to photobiology. In this perspective, after an overview of the recent trends in the molecular design of azobenzenes, we highlight three research areas where the azobenzene photoswitches may bring about promising technological innovations: chemical sensing, organic transistors, and cell signaling. Ingenious molecular designs have enabled versatile control of azobenzene photochemical properties, which has in turn facilitated the development of chemical sensors and photoswitchable organic transistors. Finally, the power of azobenzenes in biology is exemplified by vision restoration and photactivation of neural signaling. Although the selected examples reveal only some of the faces of azobenzenes, we expect the fields presented to develop rapidly in the near future, and that azobenzenes will play a central role in this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedele
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kim Kuntze
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Virkki
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720, Tampere, Finland.
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18
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Singh H, Virga EG. A Ribbon Model for Nematic Polymer Networks. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY 2022; 153:613-634. [PMID: 37293564 PMCID: PMC10244295 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-022-09900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory of deformation of ribbons made of nematic polymer networks (NPNs). These materials exhibit properties of rubber and nematic liquid crystals, and can be activated by external stimuli of heat and light. A two-dimensional energy for a sheet of such a material has already been derived from the celebrated neo-classical energy of nematic elastomers in three space dimensions. Here, we use a dimension reduction method to obtain the appropriate energy for a ribbon from the aforementioned sheet energy. We also present an illustrative example of a rectangular NPN ribbon that undergoes in-plane serpentine deformations upon activation under an appropriate set of boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Singh
- Laboratory for Computation and Visualization in Mathematics and Mechanics, Institute of Mathematics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Uchida J, Soberats B, Gupta M, Kato T. Advanced Functional Liquid Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109063. [PMID: 35034382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals have been intensively studied as functional materials. Recently, integration of various disciplines has led to new directions in the design of functional liquid-crystalline materials in the fields of energy, water, photonics, actuation, sensing, and biotechnology. Here, recent advances in functional liquid crystals based on polymers, supramolecular complexes, gels, colloids, and inorganic-based hybrids are reviewed, from design strategies to functionalization of these materials and interfaces. New insights into liquid crystals provided by significant progress in advanced measurements and computational simulations, which enhance new design and functionalization of liquid-crystalline materials, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, 07122, Spain
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
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20
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Hou J, Long G, Zhao W, Zhou G, Liu D, Broer DJ, Feringa BL, Chen J. Phototriggered Complex Motion by Programmable Construction of Light-Driven Molecular Motors in Liquid Crystal Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6851-6860. [PMID: 35380815 PMCID: PMC9026258 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recent developments
in artificial molecular machines have enabled
precisely controlled molecular motion, which allows several distinct
mechanical operations at the nanoscale. However, harnessing and amplifying
molecular motion along multiple length scales to induce macroscopic
motion are still major challenges and comprise an important next step
toward future actuators and soft robotics. The key to addressing this
challenge relies on effective integration of synthetic molecular machines
in a hierarchically aligned structure so numerous individual molecular
motions can be collected in a cooperative way and amplified to higher
length scales and eventually lead to macroscopic motion. Here, we
report the complex motion of liquid crystal networks embedded with
molecular motors triggered by single-wavelength illumination. By design,
both racemic and enantiomerically pure molecular motors are programmably
integrated into liquid crystal networks with a defined orientation.
The motors have multiple functions acting as cross-linkers, actuators,
and chiral dopants inside the network. The collective rotary motion
of motors resulted in multiple types of motion of the polymeric film,
including bending, wavy motion, fast unidirectional movement on surfaces,
and synchronized helical motion with different handedness, paving
the way for the future design of responsive materials with enhanced
complex functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guiying Long
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Abstract
Progress in optical manipulation has stimulated remarkable advances in a wide range of fields, including materials science, robotics, medical engineering, and nanotechnology. This Review focuses on an emerging class of optical manipulation techniques, termed heat-mediated optical manipulation. In comparison to conventional optical tweezers that rely on a tightly focused laser beam to trap objects, heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques exploit tailorable optothermo-matter interactions and rich mass transport dynamics to enable versatile control of matter of various compositions, shapes, and sizes. In addition to conventional tweezing, more distinct manipulation modes, including optothermal pulling, nudging, rotating, swimming, oscillating, and walking, have been demonstrated to enhance the functionalities using simple and low-power optics. We start with an introduction to basic physics involved in heat-mediated optical manipulation, highlighting major working mechanisms underpinning a variety of manipulation techniques. Next, we categorize the heat-mediated optical manipulation techniques based on different working mechanisms and discuss working modes, capabilities, and applications for each technique. We conclude this Review with our outlook on current challenges and future opportunities in this rapidly evolving field of heat-mediated optical manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Chen
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jingang Li
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Ma S, Zhang H. Fully Room-Temperature Reprogrammable, Reprocessable, and Photomobile Soft Actuators from a High-Molecular-Weight Main-Chain Azobenzene Crystalline Poly(ester-amide). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3264-3273. [PMID: 34991314 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene (azo) polymer photoactuators with full room-temperature reprogrammability, reprocessability, and photomobility are highly desirable for large-scale applications, but their development remains a daunting challenge. Herein, a strategy is first presented for fabricating such advanced photoactuators from a high-molecular-weight main-chain azo crystalline poly(ester-amide) (PEA) prepared via Michael addition polymerization. This azo PEA can be readily processed into both physically cross-linked, uniaxially oriented fibers and films with high mechanical robustness and reversible photoinduced bending/unbending at room temperature. Importantly, the presence of both amide unit-induced hydrogen bonding and crystalline domains in such films and fibers endows them with dynamic, yet stable cross-linking points, which enable their easy reprogrammability under strain at room temperature into various three-dimensional (3D) shapes (e.g., film helicoid and spiral ribbon, fiber spring) capable of showing completely different shape-dependent photomobile modes. In particular, these reshaped photoactuators can maintain their accurate 3D shapes and highly reversible photoinduced motions even after being kept at 80 °C for 20 days or at 100 °C for 2 days. They can also be reprocessed and recycled from solution at room temperature. Such a multifunctional main-chain azo crystalline PEA can serve as a versatile platform for fabricating various photoactuators with desired 3D shapes and motion modes under mild ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shengkui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Ube T, Nakayama R, Ikeda T. Photoinduced Motions of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Containing Azobenzene Moieties in Main Chains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ube
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Romu Nakayama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tomiki Ikeda
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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24
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang H. Enhancing the performances of physically cross-linked photodeformable main-chain azobenzene poly(ester-amide)s via chemical structure engineering. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00492e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of physically cross-linked photodeformable main-chain azobenzene poly(ester-amide)s with enhanced performances via chemical structure engineering and obtention of their detailed structure–property relationship are first described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Sagnelli D, Calabrese M, Kaczmarczyk O, Rippa M, Vestri A, Marchesano V, Kortsen K, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Villani F, Loffredo F, Borriello C, Nenna G, Cocca M, Ambrogi V, Matczyszyn K, Simoni F, Petti L. Photo-Responsivity Improvement of Photo-Mobile Polymers Actuators Based on a Novel LCs/Azobenzene Copolymer and ZnO Nanoparticles Network. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123320. [PMID: 34947671 PMCID: PMC8705796 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of photomobile polymers (PMP) in the conversion of light into mechanical work plays a fundamental role in achieving cutting-edge innovation in the development of novel applications ranging from energy harvesting to sensor approaches. Because of their photochromic properties, azobenzene monomers have been shown to be an efficient material for the preparation of PMPs with appropriate photoresponsivity. Upon integration of the azobenzene molecules as moieties into a polymer, they act as an engine, allowing fast movements of up to 50 Hz. In this work we show a promising approach for integrating ZnO nanoparticles into a liquid crystalline polymer network. The addition of such nanoparticles allows the trapping of incoming light, which acts as diffusive points in the polymer matrix. We characterized the achieved nanocomposite material in terms of thermomechanical and optical properties and finally demonstrated that the doped PMP was better performing that the undoped PMP film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sagnelli
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Marcella Calabrese
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Olga Kaczmarczyk
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Valentina Marchesano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Kristoffer Kortsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Fulvia Villani
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici Research Centre, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.V.); (F.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Fausta Loffredo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici Research Centre, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.V.); (F.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Carmela Borriello
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici Research Centre, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.V.); (F.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Nenna
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Portici Research Centre, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (F.V.); (F.L.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Mariacristina Cocca
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Francesco Simoni
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Lucia Petti
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of CNR, 80072 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.C.); (O.K.); (M.R.); (A.V.); (V.M.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (G.N.); (L.P.)
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26
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Zhang D, Liu D, Ubukata T, Seki T. Unconventional Approaches to Light-promoted Dynamic Surface Morphing on Polymer Films. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix building STO 0.41, Het Kranenveld 14, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix building STO 0.41, Het Kranenveld 14, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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27
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Synthesis and electropolymerization of donor-acceptor-donor type monomers based on azobenzene-substituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione acceptors. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Zhang H. Reprocessable Photodeformable Azobenzene Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:4455. [PMID: 34361608 PMCID: PMC8347682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodeformable azobenzene (azo) polymers are a class of smart polymers that can efficiently convert light energy into mechanical power, holding great promise in various photoactuating applications. They are typically of crosslinked polymer networks with highly oriented azo mesogens embedded inside. Upon exposure to the light of appropriate wavelength, they experience dramatic order parameter change following the configuration change of the azo units. This could result in the generation and accumulation of the gradient microscopic photomechanical force in the crosslinked polymer networks, thus leading to their macroscopic deformation. So far, a great number of photodeformable azo polymers have been developed, including some unoriented ones showing photodeformation based on different mechanisms. Among them, photodeformable azo polymers with dynamic crosslinking networks (and some uncrosslinked ones) have aroused particular interest recently because of their obvious advantages over those with stable chemical crosslinking structures such as high recyclability and reprocessability. In this paper, I provide a detailed overview of the recent progress in such reprocessable photodeformable polymers. In addition, some challenges and perspectives are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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29
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang Z, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near‐) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half‐Lives from Hours to Years**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao‐Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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30
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31
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang ZY, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16539-16546. [PMID: 33852166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have been widely used. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatic rings has emerged as a strategy to expand molecular diversity and access improved photoswitching properties. Many mono-heteroaryl azo molecules with unique structures and/or properties have been developed, but the potential of bis-heteroaryl architectures is far from fully exploited. We report a family of azobispyrazoles, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversion and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from hours to years. The two five-membered rings remarkably weaken the intramolecular steric hindrance, providing new possibilities for engineering the geometric and electronic structure of azo photoswitches. Azobispyrazoles generally exhibit twisted Z-isomers that facilitate complete Z→E photoisomerization, and their thermal stability can be broadly adjusted regardless of the twisted shape, overcoming the conflict between photoconversion (favored by the twisted shape) and Z-isomer stability (favored by the orthogonal shape) encountered by mono-heteroaryl azo switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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32
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Cervera-Procas R, Serrano JL, Omenat A. A Highly Versatile Polymer Network Based on Liquid Crystalline Dendrimers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115740. [PMID: 34072169 PMCID: PMC8198346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly functional macromolecules with a well-defined architecture are the key to designing efficient and smart materials, and these polymeric systems can be tailored for specific applications in a diverse range of fields. Herein, the formation of a new liquid crystalline polymeric network based on the crosslinking of dendrimeric entities by the CuI-catalyzed variant of the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes to afford 1,2,3-triazoles is reported. The polymeric material obtained in this way is easy to process and exhibits a variety of properties, which include mesomorphism, viscoelastic behavior, and thermal contraction. The porous microstructure of the polymer network determines its capability to absorb solvent molecules and to encapsulate small molecules, like organic dyes, which can be released easily afterwards. Moreover, all these properties may be easily tuned by modifying the chemical structure of the constituent dendrimers, which makes this system a very interesting one for a number of applications.
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33
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Nie ZZ, Zuo B, Wang M, Huang S, Chen XM, Liu ZY, Yang H. Light-driven continuous rotating Möbius strip actuators. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2334. [PMID: 33879795 PMCID: PMC8058083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Twisted toroidal ribbons such as the one-sided Möbius strip have inspired scientists, engineers and artists for many centuries. A physical Möbius strip exhibits interesting mechanical properties deriving from a tendency to redistribute the torsional strain away from the twist region. This leads to the interesting possibility of building topological actuators with continuous deformations. Here we report on a series of corresponding bi-layered stripe actuators using a photothermally responsive liquid crystal elastomer as the fundamental polymeric material. Employing a special procedure, even Möbius strips with an odd number of twists can be fabricated exhibiting a seamless homeotropic and homogeneous morphology. Imposing a suitable contraction gradient under near-infrared light irradiation, these ribbons can realize continuous anticlockwise/clockwise in-situ rotation. Our work could pave the way for developing actuators and shape morphing materials that need not rely on switching between distinct states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Nie
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Man Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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34
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Yang J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang L, Feng W, Li Q. Beyond the Visible: Bioinspired Infrared Adaptive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004754. [PMID: 33624900 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) adaptation phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and biological systems. Taking inspiration from natural creatures, researchers have devoted extensive efforts for developing advanced IR adaptive materials and exploring their applications in areas of smart camouflage, thermal energy management, biomedical science, and many other IR-related technological fields. Herein, an up-to-date review is provided on the recent advancements of bioinspired IR adaptive materials and their promising applications. First an overview of IR adaptation in nature and advanced artificial IR technologies is presented. Recent endeavors are then introduced toward developing bioinspired adaptive materials for IR camouflage and IR radiative cooling. According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, IR camouflage can be realized by either emissivity engineering or thermal cloaks. IR radiative cooling can maximize the thermal radiation of an object through an IR atmospheric transparency window, and thus holds great potential for use in energy-efficient green buildings and smart personal thermal management systems. Recent advances in bioinspired adaptive materials for emerging near-IR (NIR) applications are also discussed, including NIR-triggered biological technologies, NIR light-fueled soft robotics, and NIR light-driven supramolecular nanosystems. This review concludes with a perspective on the challenges and opportunities for the future development of bioinspired IR adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Quan Li
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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35
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Völzer T, Beer H, Schulz A, Lochbrunner S, Bresien J. Photoisomerization of a phosphorus-based biradicaloid: ultrafast dynamics through a conical intersection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:7434-7441. [PMID: 33876103 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As previously reported, photoisomerization of the open-shell singlet biradicaloid [TerNP]2CNDmp (2) yields its closed-shell housane-type isomer (3). In the present study, pump-probe spectroscopy was applied to investigate the excited-state dynamics of the photoisomerization, indicating ultrafast de-excitation of the S1 state through a conical intersection, in agreement with computational predictions. The structural and electronic changes during the isomerization process are discussed to gain an understanding of the reaction pathway and the transformation of the biradicaloid to a closed-shell species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Völzer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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36
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Lu X, Ambulo CP, Wang S, Rivera‐Tarazona LK, Kim H, Searles K, Ware TH. 4D‐Printing of Photoswitchable Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xili Lu
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Current address: State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Cedric P. Ambulo
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Suitu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Laura K. Rivera‐Tarazona
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Current address: Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate CCDC Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD 20783 USA
| | - Kyle Searles
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Taylor H. Ware
- Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
- Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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37
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Lu X, Ambulo CP, Wang S, Rivera-Tarazona LK, Kim H, Searles K, Ware TH. 4D-Printing of Photoswitchable Actuators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5536-5543. [PMID: 33217118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Shape-switching behavior, where a transient stimulus induces an indefinitely stable deformation that can be recovered on exposure to another transient stimulus, is critical to building smart structures from responsive polymers as continue power is not needed to maintain deformations. Herein, we 4D-print shape-switching liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) functionalized with supramolecular crosslinks, dynamic covalent crosslinks, and azobenzene. The salient property of shape-switching LCEs is that light induces long-lived, deformation that can be recovered on-demand by heating. UV-light isomerizes azobenzene from trans to cis, and temporarily breaks the supramolecular crosslinks, resulting in a programmed deformation. After UV, the shape-switching LCEs fix more than 90 % of the deformation over 3 days by the reformed supramolecular crosslinks. Using the shape-switching properties, we print Braille-like actuators that can be photoswitched to display different letters. This new class of photoswitchable actuators may impact applications such as deployable devices where continuous application of power is impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.,Current address: State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Cedric P Ambulo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Suitu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.,Current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Laura K Rivera-Tarazona
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.,Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.,Current address: Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, 20783, USA
| | - Kyle Searles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Taylor H Ware
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.,Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Current address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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38
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Weng M, Xiao Y, Yao L, Zhang W, Zhou P, Chen L. Programmable and Self-Healing Light-Driven Actuators through Synergetic Use of Water-Shaping and -Welding Methods. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55125-55133. [PMID: 33253523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape programming is critical for the fabrication of a light-driven actuator with complex shape morphing, which demonstrates potential applications in remote-controlled light-driven soft robots. However, it remains a huge challenge to obtain light-driven actuators having advantages of complex shape morphing, self-healing function, and facile fabrication simultaneously. Here, we report a facile strategy to obtain programmable and self-healing light-driven actuators with complex shape morphing. Various initial shapes of actuators can be programmed by synergetic use of water-shaping and -welding methods, which provides unlimited opportunities for fabricating actuators with predesigned shapes and subsequently demonstrating complex shape morphing. A template transfer method is used to prepare a single-layer graphene oxide (GO) film with asymmetric surface structures, which acts as the basic actuator and has the self-healing function based on the hydrophilic property of GO. It shows bending morphing under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation due to the photothermal effect and asymmetric morphology on the opposite surfaces. Four more types of actuators are programmed from the basic actuator through the water-shaping method, which exhibits bending, unbending, twisting, and untwisting, respectively, under NIR light illumination. In addition, an S-shape actuator and a flower-shape actuator are programmed from the basic actuators through the water-welding method. By simply turning over the S-shape actuator, it can perform a bidirectional crawling motion. Finally, two intricate bionic light-driven actuators (tendril-shape and octopus-shape) are constructed, which are unattainable from conventional fabrication methods of actuators. We believe that this study will unlock a new way to programmable, self-healing, and light-driven soft robots with tunable and complex shape morphing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcen Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yiwen Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Liqiang Yao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Peidi Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Luzhuo Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Cheng SC, Wang CH, Lin YC, Tsuchido Y, Suzaki Y, Sei Y, Kuo TS, Horie M. Photoinduced Mechanical Motions of Pseudorotaxane Crystals Composed of Azobenzene and Ferrocenyl Groups on an Axle and a Crown Ether Ring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50002-50010. [PMID: 33089689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design and characterization of photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of azobenzene and ferrocenyl groups in an ammonium cation axle component threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. Pseudorotaxanes provide flexibility for cis and trans isomerization of azobenzene groups in a crystal state, enabling reversible bending motions under alternating 360 and 445 nm laser irradiation. For such bending motions, strained azobenzene structures were essential; these motifs were obtained by increasing the bulkiness of the substituents on the axle and ring molecules. In addition, the crystals showed photosalient effects, such as jumping motions, under 445 nm laser irradiation. These motions were assisted by the photoabsorption of the ferrocenyl group, which converted 445 nm laser light into heat. The maximum lifting weight accompanied by the photoinduced mechanical motion of a particular crystal was estimated to be 9600 times the crystal weight. These pseudorotaxane crystals exhibit promising features for applications in micro-nanometer-sized miniature mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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40
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Guo C, Gao J, Ma S, Zhang H. Efficient preparation of chemically crosslinked recyclable photodeformable azobenzene polymer fibers with high processability and reconstruction ability via a facile post-crosslinking method. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Zhan Y, Zhou G, Lamers BA, Visschers FL, Hendrix MM, Broer DJ, Liu D. Artificial Organic Skin Wets Its Surface by Field-Induced Liquid Secretion. MATTER 2020; 3:782-793. [PMID: 32954253 PMCID: PMC7487776 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms enhance their survival rate by excreting fluids at their surface, but man-made materials can also benefit from liquid secretion from a solid surface. Known approaches to secrete a liquid from solids are limited to passive release driven by diffusion, surface tension, or pressure. Remotely triggered release would give active control over surface properties but is still exceptional. Here, we report on an artificial skin that secretes functional fluids by means of radiofrequency electrical signals driven by dielectric liquid transport in a (sub-)microporous smectic liquid crystal network. The smectic order of the polymer network and its director determine the flow direction and enhance fluid transport toward the surface at pre-set positions. The released fluid can be reabsorbed by the skin using capillary filling. The fluid-active skins open avenues for robotic handling of chemicals and medicines, controlling tribology and fluid-supported surface cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhan
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A.G. Lamers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian L.L. Visschers
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marco M.R.M. Hendrix
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Laboratory of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials and Devices (SFD), Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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42
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Lyu X, Xiao A, Shi D, Li Y, Shen Z, Chen EQ, Zheng S, Fan XH, Zhou QF. Liquid crystalline polymers: Discovery, development, and the future. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Ding Y, Jiang S, Gao Y, Nie J, Du H, Sun F. Photochromic Polymers Based on Fluorophenyl Oxime Ester Photoinitiators as Photoswitchable Molecules. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ding
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengling Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Anqing 246000, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Dong H, Liu G, Zhang H. Preparation of photodeformable azobenzene polymer fibers by post-crosslinking strategy: Understanding the structure-property relationship. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Zhu C, Lu Y, Sun J, Yu Y. Dynamic Interfacial Regulation by Photodeformable Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Crystal Polymer Micro/Nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6611-6625. [PMID: 32449856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive materials offer local, temporal, and remote control over their chemical or physical properties under external stimuli, giving new tools for interfacial regulation. Among all, photodeformable azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymers (azo-LCPs) have received increasing attention because they can be processed into various micro/nanostructures and have the potential to reversibly tune the interfacial properties through chemical and/or morphological variation by light, providing effective dynamic interface regulation. In this feature article, we highlight the milestones in the dynamic regulation of different interfacial properties through micro/nanostructures made of photodeformable azobenzene-containing liquid crystal polymers (azo-LCPs). We describe the preparation of different azo-LCP micro/nanostructures from the aspects of materials and processing techniques and reveal the importance of mesogen orientation toward dynamic interfacial regulation. By introducing our recently developed linear azo-LCP (azo-LLCP) with good mechanical and photoresponsive performances, we discuss the challenge and opportunity with respect to the dynamic light regulation of two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) micro/nanostructures to tune their related interfacial properties. We have also given our expectation toward exploring photodeformable micro/nanostructures for advanced applications such as in microfluidics, biosensors, and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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46
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Synthesis and fine-tuning of thermal stability of the negative nitrile-rich photochromes of hydroxytricyanopyrrole (HTCP) series. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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47
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Guo H, Zhang Q, Liu W, Nie Z. Light-Mediated Shape Transformation of a Self-Rolling Nanocomposite Hydrogel Tube. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13521-13528. [PMID: 32096403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-rolling of a planar hydrogel sheet represents an advanced approach for fabricating a tubular construct, which is of significant interest in biomedicine. However, the self-rolling tube is usually lacking in remote controllability and requires a relatively tedious fabrication procedure. Herein, we present an easy and controllable approach for fabricating self-rolling tubes that can respond to both magnetic field and light. With the introduction of magnetic nanorods in a hydrogel precursor, a strain gradient is created across the thickness of the formed hydrogel sheet during the photopolymerization process. After the removal of the strain constraint, the nanocomposite sheet rolls up spontaneously. The self-rolling scenario of the sheet can be tuned by varying the sheet geometry and the magnetic nanorod concentration in the hydrogel precursor. The nanocomposite hydrogel tube translates in the presence of a magnetic field and produces heat upon a near-infrared (NIR) light illumination by virtue of the magnetic and photo-thermal properties of the magnetic nanorods. The self-rolling tube either opens up or expands its diameter under NIR light irradiation depending on the number of rolls in the tube. With the use of a thermo-responsive hydrogel material, we demonstrate the magnetically guided motion of the chemical-bearing nanocomposite hydrogel tube and its controlled chemical release through its light-mediated deformation. The approach reported herein is expected to be applicable to other self-rolling polymer-based dry materials, and the nanocomposite hydrogel tube presented in this work may find potential applications in soft robot and controlled release of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Guo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, Maryland, United States
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48
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Goto K, Asada M, Nakamura T, Tani F. Switching Photomechanical Response by a Structural Phase Transition in a Naphthalene Diimide Derivative. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Goto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE)Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Mizue Asada
- Institute for Molecular Science Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | | | - Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE)Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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49
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Weng M, Chen L, Huang F, Liu C, Zhang W. Transparent actuator made by highly-oriented carbon nanotube film for bio-inspired optical systems. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:065501. [PMID: 31639782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transparent actuators can be used in variable-focus lens, tactical displays and so on. However, previous transparent actuators made with dielectric elastomer mostly required high driving voltages (>1000 V) for actuation. In this work, we propose a new kind of low-voltage-driven transparent actuator, which is made with polymer and single-layer highly-oriented carbon nanotube (HOCNT) film composites, fully utilizing the favorable conductivity and high transparency of HOCNT film. The HOCNT-based transparent actuator shows a transmittance as high as 70%. When applying a voltage of 100 V, the transparent actuator bends visibly with a displacement of 14 mm. The actuation mechanism is a large volume change between polymers when they are Joule-heated by the electrical current. In addition, a solid-state lens based on the transparent actuator is fabricated, which demonstrates an obvious magnification effect with electrical-driven actuation. Finally, a bio-inspired optical system based on the solid-state lens is also constructed, which can mimic the focusing behavior of the human eyeball. The transparent actuator proposed in this work would have potential applications in optical devices, artificial muscles and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcen Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Manipulation and New Energy Materials, College of Physics and Energy, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fujian 350118, People's Republic of China. Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China. Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Storage, Fuzhou 350117, People's Republic of China
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50
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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