1
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Ghosh A, Sharma M, Zhao Y. Cell-penetrating protein-recognizing polymeric nanoparticles through dynamic covalent chemistry and double imprinting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3731. [PMID: 38702306 PMCID: PMC11068882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition of proteins is key to their biological functions and processes such as protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The large binding interface involved and an often relatively flat binding surface make the development of selective protein-binding materials extremely challenging. A general method is reported in this work to construct protein-binding polymeric nanoparticles from cross-linked surfactant micelles. Preparation involves first dynamic covalent chemistry that encodes signature surface lysines on a protein template. A double molecular imprinting procedure fixes the binding groups on the nanoparticle for these lysine groups, meanwhile creating a binding interface complementary to the protein in size, shape, and distribution of acidic groups on the surface. These water-soluble nanoparticles possess excellent specificities for target proteins and sufficient affinities to inhibit natural PPIs such as those between cytochrome c (Cytc) and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO). With the ability to enter cells through a combination of energy-dependent and -independent pathways, they intervene apoptosis by inhibiting the PPI between Cytc and the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF1). Generality of the preparation and the excellent molecular recognition of the materials have the potential to make them powerful tools to probe protein functions in vitro and in cellulo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, USA
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-3111, USA.
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2
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Marro N, Suo R, Naden AB, Kay ER. Constitutionally Selective Dynamic Covalent Nanoparticle Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14310-14321. [PMID: 35901233 PMCID: PMC9376925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The future of materials chemistry will be defined by
our ability
to precisely arrange components that have considerably larger dimensions
and more complex compositions than conventional molecular or macromolecular
building blocks. However, exerting structural and constitutional control
in the assembly of nanoscale entities presents a considerable challenge.
Dynamic covalent nanoparticles are emerging as an attractive category
of reaction-enabled solution-processable nanosized building block
through which the rational principles of molecular synthetic chemistry
can be extended into the nanoscale. From a mixture of two hydrazone-based
dynamic covalent nanoparticles with complementary reactivity, specific
molecular instructions trigger selective assembly of intimately mixed
heteromaterial (Au–Pd) aggregates or materials highly enriched
in either one of the two core materials. In much the same way as complementary
reactivity is exploited in synthetic molecular chemistry, chemospecific
nanoparticle-bound reactions dictate building block connectivity;
meanwhile, kinetic regioselectivity on the nanoscale regulates the
detailed composition of the materials produced. Selectivity, and hence
aggregate composition, is sensitive to several system parameters.
By characterizing the nanoparticle-bound reactions in isolation, kinetic
models of the multiscale assembly network can be constructed. Despite
ignoring heterogeneous physical processes such as aggregation and
precipitation, these simple kinetic models successfully link the underlying
molecular events with the nanoscale assembly outcome, guiding rational
optimization to maximize selectivity for each of the three assembly
pathways. With such predictive construction strategies, we can anticipate
that reaction-enabled nanoparticles can become fully incorporated
in the lexicon of synthetic chemistry, ultimately establishing a synthetic
science that manipulates molecular and nanoscale components with equal
proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Rongtian Suo
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Aaron B Naden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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3
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Sheng L, Jin Y, Hou H, Huang Y, Zhao R. Hydrazone bond-oriented molecularly imprinted nanocomposites for the selective separation of protein via the well-defined recognition sites. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:246. [PMID: 35674804 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of hydrazone bond-oriented epitope imprinting strategy is reported to synthesize the polymeric binders for the selective recognition of a protein-β2-microglobulin through either its N- or C-terminal epitope. The dynamic reversibility of hydrazone bond facilitated not only the oriented assembly of the template peptide hydrazides onto the substrate but also the efficient removal of them from the imprinted cavities. The well-defined surface imprinted layer was successfully constructed through the precise control over the polymerization of silicate esters. Binding performance of the C-terminal peptide imprinted nanocomposite was significantly improved after tuning the non-covalent interactions using the sequence-matching aromatic co-monomers. The dissociation constant (Kd) between the optimized nanocomposite and epitope peptide was 0.5 µmol L-1. The nanomaterial was utilized for the selective extraction and determination of β2-microglobulin from human urine by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and HPLC-UV with satisfied recoveries of 93.1-112.3% in a concentration range 1.0-50.0 μg⋅mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yulong Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huiqing Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China. .,School of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Li Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zha D, Hai Y, You L. Dynamic Covalent Reactions Controlled by Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of 2‐Formylbenzoic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
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5
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Real Time SPR Assessment of the Structural Changes of Adaptive Dynamic Constitutional Frameworks as a New Route for Sensing. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020483. [PMID: 35057201 PMCID: PMC8779961 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross linked gold-dynamic constitutional frameworks (DCFs) are functional materials of potential relevance for biosensing applications, given their adaptivity and high responsivity against various external stimuli (such as pH, temperature) or specific interactions with biomolecules (enzymes or DNA) via internal constitutional dynamics. However, characterization and assessment of their dynamic conformational changes in response to external stimuli has never been reported. This study proves the capability of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) assays to analyse the adaptive structural modulation of a functional matrix encompassing 3D gold-dynamic constitutional frameworks (Au-DCFs) when exposed to pH variations, as external stimuli. We analyse Au-DCFs formed from Au nanoparticles, (AuNP) connected through constitutionally dynamic polymers, dynamers, with multiple functionalities. For increased generality of this proof-of-concept assay, Au-DCFs, involving DCFs designed from 1,3,5-benzene-tricarbaldehyde (BTA) connecting centres and polyethylene glycol (PEG) connectors, are covalently attached to standard SPR sensing chips (Au nanolayers, carboxyl terminated or with carboxymethyl dextran, CMD top-layer) and analysed using state-of-the art SPR instrumentation. The SPR effects of the distance from the Au-DCFs matrix to the Au nanolayer of the sensing chip, as well as of Au-DCFs thickness were investigated. This study reveals the SPR response, augmented by the AuNP, to the conformational change, i.e., shrinkage, of the dynamer and AuNP matrix when decreasing the pH, and provides an unexplored insight into the sensing applicability of SPR real-time analysis of adaptive functional materials.
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6
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Diez‐Castellnou M, Suo R, Marro N, Matthew SAL, Kay ER. Rapidly Adaptive All-covalent Nanoparticle Surface Engineering. Chemistry 2021; 27:9948-9953. [PMID: 33871124 PMCID: PMC8362155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging nanotechnologies demand the manipulation of nanoscale components with the same predictability and programmability as is taken for granted in molecular synthetic methodologies. Yet installing appropriately reactive chemical functionality on nanomaterial surfaces has previously entailed compromises in terms of reactivity scope, functionalization density, or both. Here, we introduce an idealized dynamic covalent nanoparticle building block for divergent and adaptive post-synthesis modification of colloidal nanomaterials. Acetal-protected monolayer-stabilized gold nanoparticles are prepared via operationally simple protocols and are stable to long-term storage. Tunable surface densities of reactive aldehyde functionalities are revealed on-demand, leading to a wide range of adaptive surface engineering options from one nanoscale synthon. Analytically tractable with molecular precision, interfacial reaction kinetics and dynamic surface constitutions can be probed in situ at the ensemble level. High functionalization densities combined with rapid equilibration kinetics enable environmentally adaptive surface constitutions and rapid nanoparticle property switching in response to simple chemical effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongtian Suo
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Saphia A. L. Matthew
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Euan R. Kay
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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7
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Mati IK, Edwards W, Marson D, Howe EJ, Stinson S, Posocco P, Kay ER. Probing Multiscale Factors Affecting the Reactivity of Nanoparticle-Bound Molecules. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8295-8305. [PMID: 33938222 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The structures and physicochemical properties of surface-stabilizing molecules play a critical role in defining the properties, interactions, and functionality of hybrid nanomaterials such as monolayer-stabilized nanoparticles. Concurrently, the distinct surface-bound interfacial environment imposes very specific conditions on molecular reactivity and behavior in this setting. Our ability to probe hybrid nanoscale systems experimentally remains limited, yet understanding the consequences of surface confinement on molecular reactivity is crucial for enabling predictive nanoparticle synthon approaches for postsynthesis engineering of nanoparticle surface chemistry and construction of devices and materials from nanoparticle components. Here, we have undertaken an integrated experimental and computational study of the reaction kinetics for nanoparticle-bound hydrazones, which provide a prototypical platform for understanding chemical reactivity in a nanoconfined setting. Systematic variation of just one molecular-scale structural parameter-the distance between reactive site and nanoparticle surface-showed that the surface-bound reactivity is influenced by multiscale effects. Nanoparticle-bound reactions were tracked in situ using 19F NMR spectroscopy, allowing direct comparison to the reactions of analogous substrates in bulk solution. The surface-confined reactions proceed more slowly than their solution-phase counterparts, and kinetic inhibition becomes more significant for reactive sites positioned closer to the nanoparticle surface. Molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to identify distinct supramolecular architectures and unexpected dynamic features of the surface-bound molecules that underpin the experimentally observed trends in reactivity. This study allows us to draw general conclusions regarding interlinked structural and dynamical features across several length scales that influence interfacial reactivity in monolayer-confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulia K Mati
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - William Edwards
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Domenico Marson
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Edward J Howe
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Scott Stinson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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8
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Schaufelberger F, Seigel K, Ramström O. Hydrogen-Bond Catalysis of Imine Exchange in Dynamic Covalent Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:15581-15588. [PMID: 32427370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of imine bonds has been exploited to great effect in the field of dynamic covalent chemistry, with applications such as preparation of functional systems, dynamic materials, molecular machines, and covalent organic frameworks. However, acid catalysis is commonly needed for efficient equilibration of imine mixtures. Herein, it is demonstrated that hydrogen bond donors such as thioureas and squaramides can catalyze the equilibration of dynamic imine systems under unprecedentedly mild conditions. Catalysis occurs in a range of solvents and in the presence of many sensitive additives, showing moderate to good rate accelerations for both imine metathesis and transimination with amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines. Furthermore, the catalyst proved simple to immobilize, introducing both reusability and extended control of the equilibration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Seigel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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9
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Schnitzer T, Vantomme G. Synthesis of Complex Molecular Systems-The Foreseen Role of Organic Chemists. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2060-2070. [PMID: 33274282 PMCID: PMC7706085 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
How to control the self-assembly of complex molecular systems is unknown. Yet, these complex molecular systems are fundamental for advances in material and biomedical sciences. A step forward is to transform one-step self-assembly into multistep synthesis involving covalent and noncovalent reactions. Key to this approach is to explore the chemical space at the frontiers of advanced covalent synthesis and supramolecular chemistry. Herein, we describe a selection of such reported cases and provide a guide for current limitations and insights for future directions. This outlook is meant to trigger collaborations between synthetic organic and supramolecular chemists, to expand the repertoire of organic syntheses working with supramolecular assemblies and thereby join forces to achieve stepwise emergence of molecular complexity in supramolecular systems.
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10
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Jia C, Qi D, Zhang Y, Rissanen K, Li J. Strategies for Exploring Functions from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunman Jia
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Dawei Qi
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Yucang Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Jianwei Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine ChemKey laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of EducationHainan University Haikou 570228 China
- MediCity Research LaboratoryUniversity of Turku Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
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11
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Marro N, Della Sala F, Kay ER. Programmable dynamic covalent nanoparticle building blocks with complementary reactivity. Chem Sci 2019; 11:372-383. [PMID: 32190260 PMCID: PMC7067244 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04195h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A toolkit of two complementary dynamic covalent nanoparticles enables programmable and reversible nanoparticle functionalization and construction of adaptive binary assemblies.
Nanoparticle-based devices, materials and technologies will demand a new era of synthetic chemistry where predictive principles familiar in the molecular regime are extended to nanoscale building blocks. Typical covalent strategies for modifying nanoparticle-bound species rely on kinetically controlled reactions optimised for efficiency but with limited capacity for selective and divergent access to a range of product constitutions. In this work, monolayer-stabilized nanoparticles displaying complementary dynamic covalent hydrazone exchange reactivity undergo distinct chemospecific transformations by selecting appropriate combinations of ‘nucleophilic’ or ‘electrophilic’ nanoparticle-bound monolayers with nucleophilic or electrophilic molecular modifiers. Thermodynamically governed reactions allow modulation of product compositions, spanning mixed-ligand monolayers to exhaustive exchange. High-density nanoparticle-stabilizing monolayers facilitate in situ reaction monitoring by quantitative 19F NMR spectroscopy. Kinetic analysis reveals that hydrazone exchange rates are moderately diminished by surface confinement, and that the magnitude of this effect is dependent on mechanistic details: surface-bound electrophiles react intrinsically faster, but are more significantly affected by surface immobilization than nucleophiles. Complementary nanoparticles react with each other to form robust covalently connected binary aggregates. Endowed with the adaptive characteristics of the dynamic covalent linking process, the nanoscale assemblies can be tuned from extended aggregates to colloidally stable clusters of equilibrium sizes that depend on the concentration of a monofunctional capping agent. Just two ‘dynamic covalent nanoparticles’ with complementary thermodynamically governed reactivities therefore institute a programmable toolkit offering flexible control over nanoparticle surface functionalization, and construction of adaptive assemblies that selectively combine several nanoscale building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Flavio Della Sala
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
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12
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Jana S, Panda D, Saha P, Pantos̨ GD, Dash J. Dynamic Generation of G-Quadruplex DNA Ligands by Target-Guided Combinatorial Chemistry on a Magnetic Nanoplatform. J Med Chem 2018; 62:762-773. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snehasish Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deepanjan Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Puja Saha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - G. Dan Pantos̨
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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13
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Bartolec B, Altay M, Otto S. Template-promoted self-replication in dynamic combinatorial libraries made from a simple building block. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13096-13098. [PMID: 30395138 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report dynamic combinatorial libraries made from a simple building block that is on the verge of enabling self-assembly driven self-replication. Adding a template provides a sufficient additional push yielding self-replication. Self-assembly and self-replication can emerge with building blocks that are considerably smaller than those reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bartolec
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Sakai N, Matile S. Conjugated Polyimine Dynamers as Phase-Sensitive Membrane Probes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11438-11443. [PMID: 30156837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this report, dynamic polyimines are introduced as multifunctional sensors of lipid bilayer phases. Under mildly acidic conditions, self-condensation of push-pull amino formyl fluorenes into polyimines occurs in solid- or liquid-ordered phases but not in liquid-disordered phases of vesicular membranes. The obtained conjugated polymers are characterized by a progressive red shift of the absorption maxima, the appearance of exciton-coupled circular dichroism (CD) bands, and fluorescence quenching. These characteristics allow multiple modes of detection of membrane phases, which are known to change under membrane tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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15
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Seoane A, Brea RJ, Fuertes A, Podolsky KA, Devaraj NK. Biomimetic Generation and Remodeling of Phospholipid Membranes by Dynamic Imine Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:8388-8391. [PMID: 29886740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic liposomes have a wide array of applications in several areas, ranging from medicinal chemistry to synthetic biology. Due to their biocompatibility and biological relevance, there is particular interest in the formation of synthetic phospholipid vesicles and the development of methods to tune their properties in a controlled manner. However, while true biological membranes are capable of responding to environmental stimuli by enzymatically remodeling their composition, synthetic liposomes are typically static once formed. Herein we report the chemoselective reaction of the natural amine-containing lysosphingomyelin with a series of long-chain aldehydes to form imines. This transformation results in the formation of phospholipid liposomes that are in dynamic equilibrium with the aldehyde-amine form. The reversibility of the imine linkage is exploited in the synthesis of vesicles that are capable of responding to external stimuli such as temperature or the addition of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Seoane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Alberto Fuertes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Kira A Podolsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
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16
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Ulfkjær A, Nielsen FW, Al-Kerdi H, Ruβ T, Nielsen ZK, Ulstrup J, Sun L, Moth-Poulsen K, Zhang J, Pittelkow M. A gold-nanoparticle stoppered [2]rotaxane. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9133-9140. [PMID: 29722407 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The construction of molecular machines has captured the imagination of scientists for decades. Despite significant progress in the synthesis and studies of the properties of small-molecule components (smaller than 2-5 kilo Dalton), challenges regarding the incorporation of molecular components into real devices are still eminent. Nano-sized molecular machines operate the complex biological machinery of life, and the idea of mimicking the amazing functions using artificial nano-structures is intriguing. Both in small-molecule molecular machine components and in many naturally occurring molecular machines, mechanically interlocked molecules and structures are key functional components. In this work, we describe our initial efforts to interface mechanically-interlocked molecules and gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs); the molecular wire connecting the AuNPs is covered in an insulating rotaxane-layer, thus mimicking the macroscopic design of a copper wire. Taking advantage of recent progress in the preparation of supramolecular complexes of the cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycle, we have prepared a bis-thiol functionalised pseudo-rotaxane that enables us to prepare a AuNP-stoppered [2]rotaxane in water. The pseudo-rotaxane is held together extremely tightly (Ka > 1013 M-1), Ka being the association constant. We have studied the solution and gas phase guest-host chemistry using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and electrochemistry. The bis-thiol functionalised pseudo-rotaxane holds further a ferrocene unit in the centre of the rotaxane; this ferrocene unit enables us to address the system in detail with and without CB[7] and AuNPs using electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ulfkjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Ertem E, Diez-Castellnou M, Ong QK, Stellacci F. Novel Sensing Strategies Based on Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Metal Ions and Small Molecules. CHEM REC 2017; 18:819-828. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ertem
- Department of Material Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). MXG 030, Station 12; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marta Diez-Castellnou
- Department of Material Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). MXG 030, Station 12; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Quy Khac Ong
- Department of Material Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). MXG 030, Station 12; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Department of Material Science; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). MXG 030, Station 12; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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18
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Edwards W, Marro N, Turner G, Kay ER. Continuum tuning of nanoparticle interfacial properties by dynamic covalent exchange. Chem Sci 2017; 9:125-133. [PMID: 29629080 PMCID: PMC5869618 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent modification of the surface-stabilizing monolayer accesses a continuum of nanoparticle properties from a single starting point.
Surface chemical composition is fundamental to determining properties on the nanoscale, making precise control over surface chemistry critical to being able to optimise nanomaterials for virtually any application. Surface-engineering independent of the preparation of the underlying nanomaterial is particularly attractive for efficient, divergent synthetic strategies, and for the potential to create reactive, responsive and smart nanodevices. For monolayer-stabilised nanoparticles, established methods include ligand exchange to replace the ligand shell in its entirety, encapsulation with amphiphilic (macro)molecules, noncovalent interactions with surface-bound biomolecules, or a relatively limited number of covalent bond forming reactions. Yet, each of these approaches has considerable drawbacks. Here we show that dynamic covalent exchange at the periphery of the nanoparticle-stabilizing monolayer allows surface-bound ligand molecular structure to be substantially modified in mild and reversible processes that are independent of the nanoparticle–molecule interface. Simple stoichiometric variation allows the extent of exchange to be controlled, generating a range of kinetically stable mixed-monolayer compositions across an otherwise identical, self-consistent series of nanoparticles. This approach can be used to modulate nanoparticle properties that are defined by the monolayer composition. We demonstrate switching of nanoparticle solvent compatibility between widely differing solvents – spanning hexane to water – and the ability to tune solubility across the entire continuum between these extremes, all from a single nanoparticle starting point. We also demonstrate that fine control over mixed-monolayer composition influences the assembly of discrete, colloidally stable nanoparticle clusters. By carefully assessing monolayer composition in each state, using both in situ and ex situ methods, we are able to correlate the molecular-level details of the nanoparticle-bound monolayer with system-level properties and behaviour. These empirically determined relationships contribute fundamental insights on nanoscale structure–function relationships, which are currently beyond the capabilities of ab initio prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Edwards
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Grace Turner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
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19
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Moratz J, Klepel F, Ravoo BJ. Dynamic glycosylation of liposomes by thioester exchange. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:5089-5094. [PMID: 28585976 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of dynamic functionalization and specific molecular recognition on biological membranes is key to numerous physiological processes. In this work we present a simple glycocalyx model based on the covalent yet reversible glycosylation of liposomes and subsequent recognition by a lectin. Reversible thioester exchange of membrane embedded amphiphilic thioesters with thiol-tagged d-mannose in solution is performed at physiologically relevant conditions. Recognition with the lectin concanavalin A is possible directly from this reaction mixture, leading to liposome agglutination. To the best of our knowledge, the dynamic covalent glycosylation of liposomes is so far unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Moratz
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Matysiak BM, Nowak P, Cvrtila I, Pappas CG, Liu B, Komáromy D, Otto S. Antiparallel Dynamic Covalent Chemistries. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6744-6751. [PMID: 28440073 PMCID: PMC5438195 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to design reaction networks with high, but addressable complexity is a necessary prerequisite to make advanced functional chemical systems. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry has proven to be a useful tool in achieving complexity, however with some limitations in controlling it. Herein we introduce the concept of antiparallel chemistries, in which the same functional group can be channeled into one of two reversible chemistries depending on a controllable parameter. Such systems allow both for achieving complexity, by combinatorial chemistry, and addressing it, by switching from one chemistry to another by controlling an external parameter. In our design the two antiparallel chemistries are thiol-disulfide exchange and thio-Michael addition, sharing the thiol as the common building block. By means of oxidation and reduction the system can be reversibly switched from predominantly thio-Michael chemistry to predominantly disulfide chemistry, as well as to any intermediate state. Both chemistries operate in water, at room temperature, and at mildly basic pH, which makes them a suitable platform for further development of systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz M Matysiak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivica Cvrtila
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bin Liu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dávid Komáromy
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Rational and generalisable methods for engineering surface functionality will be crucial to realising the technological potential of nanomaterials. Nanoparticle-bound dynamic covalent exchange combines the error-correcting and environment-responsive features of equilibrium processes with the stability, structural precision, and vast diversity of covalent chemistry, defining a new and powerful approach for manipulating structure, function and properties at nanomaterial surfaces. Dynamic covalent nanoparticle (DCNP) building blocks thus present a whole host of possibilities for constructing adaptive systems, devices and materials that incorporate both nanoscale and molecular functional components. At the same time, DCNPs have the potential to reveal fundamental insights regarding dynamic and complex chemical systems confined to nanoscale interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.
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22
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Zhang H, Yong X, Zhou J, Deng J, Wu Y. Biomass Vanillin-Derived Polymeric Microspheres Containing Functional Aldehyde Groups: Preparation, Characterization, and Application as Adsorbent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:2753-2763. [PMID: 26752344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The contribution reports the first polymeric microspheres derived from a biomass, vanillin. It reacted with methacryloyl chloride, providing monomer vanillin methacrylate (VMA), which underwent suspension polymerization in aqueous media and yielded microspheres in high yield (>90 wt %). By controlling the N2 bubbling mode and by optimizing the cosolvent for dissolving the solid monomer, the microspheres were endowed with surface pores, demonstrated by SEM images and mercury intrusion porosimetry measurement. Taking advantage of the reactive aldehyde groups, the microspheres further reacted with glycine, thereby leading to a novel type of Schiff-base chelating material. The functionalized microspheres demonstrated remarkable adsorption toward Cu(2+) (maximum, 135 mg/g) which was taken as representative for metal ions. The present study provides an unprecedented class of biobased polymeric microspheres showing large potentials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Also importantly, the reactive aldehyde groups may enable the microspheres to be used as novel materials for immobilizing biomacromolecules, e.g. enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, and §College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueyong Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, and §College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, and §College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, and §College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, ‡State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, and §College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
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23
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Borsley S, Kay ER. Dynamic covalent assembly and disassembly of nanoparticle aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9117-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00135a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A new type of dynamic covalent nanoparticle (NP) building block is reported, exhibiting rapid constitutional adaptation in a NP-bound monolayer of boronate esters, and formation of covalently linked NP assemblies, which despite being connected by covalent bonds, can be fully disassembled on application of a chemical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Euan R. Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
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24
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Garcia Martin S, Prins LJ. Dynamic nanoproteins: self-assembled peptide surfaces on monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9387-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04786f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small peptides self-assemble on gold nanoparticles to form a dynamic multivalent peptide surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard J. Prins
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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25
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Han Y, Nowak P, Colomb-Delsuc M, Leal MP, Otto S. Instructable Nanoparticles Using Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12658-63. [PMID: 26514180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles to the multivalent recognition of biomacromolecules or programmed self-assembly requires control over the relative placement of chemical groups on their surface. We have developed a method to direct the functionalization of surfaces of aldehyde-equipped gold nanoparticles using a DNA template. An error-correction mechanism is built into the functionalization process thanks to the thermodynamic control enabled by the hydrazone exchange reaction. This reversible reaction can be conveniently switched off by removing the catalyst, preserving the functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Han
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Colomb-Delsuc
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Pernia Leal
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Sadownik JW, Philp D. A recognition-mediated reaction drives amplification within a dynamic library. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10392-401. [PMID: 26324766 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A single, appropriately designed, recognition event targets and transforms one of two reactive members of an exchanging pool of compounds through a recognition-mediated irreversible cycloaddition reaction, altering dramatically the final composition and kinetic behaviour of the dynamic library.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Sadownik
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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27
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Nowak P, Colomb-Delsuc M, Otto S, Li J. Template-Triggered Emergence of a Self-Replicator from a Dynamic Combinatorial Library. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10965-9. [PMID: 26192814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a specific member of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) may lead to self-replication of this molecule. However, if the concentration of the potential replicator in the DCL fails to exceed its critical aggregation concentration (CAC), then self-replication will not occur. We now show how addition of a template can raise the concentration of a library member-template complex beyond its CAC, leading to the onset of self-replication. Once in existence, the replicator aggregates promote further replication also in the absence of the template that induced the initial emergence of the replicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Nowak
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Colomb-Delsuc
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianwei Li
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Insitute, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Bartolami E, Bessin Y, Gervais V, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Dynamic Expression of DNA Complexation with Self-assembled Biomolecular Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10183-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Bartolami E, Bessin Y, Gervais V, Dumy P, Ulrich S. Dynamic Expression of DNA Complexation with Self-assembled Biomolecular Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Maiti S, Prins LJ. Dynamic combinatorial chemistry on a monolayer protected gold nanoparticle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5714-6. [PMID: 25715706 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that the addition of Hg(2+) or Ag(+) metal ions to a dynamic system composed of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a mixture of four nucleotides (dGMP, dAMP, TMP, and dCMP) leads to the self-selection of TMP or dGMP, respectively, on the monolayer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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31
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Shi H, Zhou K, Yu Q, Cui Z, Jiang Y, Lu X, Cai Y. Programmable self-assembly of a cystamine-block copolymer in response to pH and progressive reduction–ionization–oxidation. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble cystamine-block copolymer undergoes air/pH-mediated programmable self-assembly/reconstructions simply stemming from the unique environment-mediated reaction complexity of the cystamine-functionalized unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Kaiyi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Qiuping Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Zhigang Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Xinhua Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Yuanli Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design & Precision Synthesis
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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32
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Yapar S, Oikonomou M, Velders AH, Kubik S. Dipeptide recognition in water mediated by mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14247-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05909g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticles with three orthogonal binding sites on their surface were shown to bind dipeptides in water better than analogues containing only one binding site or a combination of two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Yapar
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
| | - Maria Oikonomou
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University
- 6703 HB Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology
- Wageningen University
- 6703 HB Wageningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
- Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie
- D-67663 Kaiserslautern
- Germany
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