1
|
Cox RJ. Engineered and total biosynthesis of fungal specialized metabolites. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:61-78. [PMID: 38172201 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a very wide range of complex and often bioactive metabolites, demonstrating their inherent ability as hosts of complex biosynthetic pathways. Recent advances in molecular sciences related to fungi have afforded the development of new tools that allow the rational total biosynthesis of highly complex specialized metabolites in a single process. Increasingly, these pathways can also be engineered to produce new metabolites. Engineering can be at the level of gene deletion, gene addition, formation of mixed pathways, engineering of scaffold synthases and engineering of tailoring enzymes. Combination of these approaches with hosts that can metabolize low-value waste streams opens the prospect of one-step syntheses from garbage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heinemann H, Becker K, Schrey H, Zeng H, Stadler M, Cox RJ. Sporothioethers: deactivated alkyl citrates from the fungus Hypomontagnella monticulosa. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29768-29772. [PMID: 37829708 PMCID: PMC10565555 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Submerged cultivation of Hypomontagnella monticulosa MUCL 54604 resulted in formation of a stereoisomeric mixture of new sulfur-containing sporothriolide derivatives named sporothioethers A and B. The presence of the 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropanoic acid moiety attenuates the antimicrobial activity in comparison to the precursor sporothriolide suggesting a detoxification mechanism. However, moderate effects on biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus were observed for sporothriolide and sporothioethers A and B at concentrations below their MICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Heinemann
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Kevin Becker
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Hedda Schrey
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Spielmannstraße 7 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Haoxuan Zeng
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Spielmannstraße 7 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Inhoffenstraße 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig Spielmannstraße 7 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Russell J Cox
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steinborn C, Tancredi A, Habiger C, Diederich C, Kramer J, Reingruber AM, Laber B, Freigang J, Lange G, Schmutzler D, Machettira A, Besong G, Magauer T, Barber DM. Investigations into Simplified Analogues of the Herbicidal Natural Product (+)-Cornexistin. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300199. [PMID: 36807428 PMCID: PMC7614749 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of simplified analogues of the herbicidal natural product (+)-cornexistin. Guided by an X-Ray co-crystal structure of cornexistin bound to transketolase from Zea mays, we attempted to identify the key interactions that are necessary for cornexistin to maintain its herbicidal profile. This resulted in the preparation of three novel analogues investigating the importance of substituents that are located on the nine-membered ring of cornexistin. One analogue maintained a good level of biological activity and could provide researchers insights in how to further optimize the structure of cornexistin for commercialization in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aldo Tancredi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Habiger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Diederich
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Kramer
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna M Reingruber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Laber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Freigang
- Research & Development, Hit Discovery Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmutzler
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anu Machettira
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gilbert Besong
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David M Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamoto S, Matsuyama T, Ozaki T, Takino J, Sato H, Uchiyama M, Minami A, Oikawa H. Elucidation of Late-Stage Biosynthesis of Phomoidride: Proposal of Cyclization Mechanism Affording Characteristic Nine-Membered Ring of Fungal Dimeric Anhydride. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20998-21004. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Junya Takino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Innovation Center of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Wang X, Dai G, Zhang Y, Bian X. Microbial chassis engineering drives heterologous production of complex secondary metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 59:107966. [PMID: 35487394 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) far outnumber currently known secondary metabolites. Heterologous production of secondary metabolite BGCs in suitable chassis facilitates yield improvement and discovery of new-to-nature compounds. The two juxtaposed conventional model microorganisms, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been harnessed as microbial chassis to produce a bounty of secondary metabolites with the help of certain host engineering. In last decade, engineering non-model microbes to efficiently biosynthesize secondary metabolites has received increasing attention due to their peculiar advantages in metabolic networks and/or biosynthesis. The state-of-the-art synthetic biology tools lead the way in operating genetic manipulation in non-model microorganisms for phenotypic optimization or yields improvement of desired secondary metabolites. In this review, we firstly discuss the pros and cons of several model and non-model microbial chassis, as well as the importance of developing broader non-model microorganisms as alternative programmable heterologous hosts to satisfy the desperate needs of biosynthesis study and industrial production. Then we highlight the lately advances in the synthetic biology tools and engineering strategies for optimization of non-model microbial chassis, in particular, the successful applications for efficient heterologous production of multifarious complex secondary metabolites, e.g., polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, as well as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Lastly, emphasis is on the perspectives of chassis cells development to access the ideal cell factory in the artificial intelligence-driven genome era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Present address: Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Campus E8 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xue Wang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Guangzhi Dai
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Bian
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skellam E. Biosynthesis of fungal polyketides by collaborating and trans-acting enzymes. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:754-783. [PMID: 34842268 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 1999 up to 2021Fungal polyketides encompass a range of structurally diverse molecules with a wide variety of biological activities. The giant multifunctional enzymes that synthesize polyketide backbones remain enigmatic, as do many of the tailoring enzymes involved in functional modifications. Recent advances in elucidating biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) have revealed numerous examples of fungal polyketide synthases that require the action of collaborating enzymes to synthesize the carbon backbone. This review will discuss collaborating and trans-acting enzymes involved in loading, extending, and releasing polyketide intermediates from fungal polyketide synthases, and additional modifications introduced by trans-acting enzymes demonstrating the complexity encountered when investigating natural product biosynthesis in fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Skellam
- Department of Chemistry, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heterologous Expression of Secondary Metabolite Genes in Trichoderma reesei for Waste Valorization. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040355. [PMID: 35448586 PMCID: PMC9032437 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) was developed as a microbial cell factory for the heterologous expression of fungal secondary metabolites. This was achieved by inactivation of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis and construction of vectors for the rapid cloning and expression of heterologous fungal biosynthetic genes. Two types of megasynth(et)ases were used to test the strain and vectors, namely a non-reducing polyketide synthase (nr-PKS, aspks1) from Acremonium strictum and a hybrid highly-reducing PKS non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (hr-PKS-NRPS, tenS + tenC) from Beauveria bassiana. The resulting engineered T. reesei strains were able to produce the expected natural products 3-methylorcinaldehyde and pretenellin A on waste materials including potato, orange, banana and kiwi peels and barley straw. Developing T. reesei as a heterologous host for secondary metabolite production represents a new method for waste valorization by the direct conversion of waste biomass into secondary metabolites.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei X, Wang WG, Matsuda Y. Branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:6. [PMID: 35255990 PMCID: PMC8902786 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn nature, organic molecules with great structural diversity and complexity are synthesized by utilizing a relatively small number of starting materials. A synthetic strategy adopted by nature is pathway branching, in which a common biosynthetic intermediate is transformed into different end products. A natural product can also be synthesized by the fusion of two or more precursors generated from separate metabolic pathways. This review article summarizes several representative branching and converging pathways in fungal natural product biosynthesis to illuminate how fungi are capable of synthesizing a diverse array of natural products.
Collapse
|
9
|
de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Lazarus CM, Williams K. Investigating Fungal Biosynthetic Pathways Using Heterologous Gene Expression: Aspergillus oryzae as a Heterologous Host. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2489:23-39. [PMID: 35524043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2273-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A suite of molecular techniques have been developed in recent decades, which allow gene clusters coding for the biosynthesis of fungal natural products to be investigated and characterized in great detail. Many of these involve the manipulation of the native producer, for example, to increase yields of natural products or investigate the biosynthetic pathway through gene disruptions. However, an alternative and powerful means of investigating biosynthetic pathways, which does not rely on a cooperative native host, is the refactoring and heterologous expression of pathways in a suitable host strain. This protocol aims to walk the reader through the various steps required for the heterologous expression of a fungal biosynthetic gene cluster, specifically using Aspergillus oryzae strain NSAR1 and the pTYGS series of expression vectors. Briefly, this process involves the design and construction of up to four multigene expression vectors using yeast recombination, PEG-mediation transformation of A. oryzae protoplasts, and chemical extraction of the resulting transformants to screen for the presence of metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin M Lazarus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao Y, Sun C, Huang L, Zhang X, Zhang G, Che Q, Li D, Zhu T. Talarodrides A-F, Nonadrides from the Antarctic Sponge-Derived Fungus Talaromyces sp. HDN1820200. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:3011-3019. [PMID: 34842422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Six new nonadride derivatives, named talarodrides A-F (1-6), were isolated from the Antarctic sponge-derived fungus Talaromyces sp. HDN1820200. All structures including the absolute configurations were deduced by extensive spectroscopic analysis and computational ECD calculations. Compounds 1-4 share a rare caged bicyclo[4.3.1]-deca-1,6-diene with a bridgehead olefin and maleic anhydride core skeleton, while compounds 5 and 6 possess the first case of a naturally occurring 5/7/6 methanocyclonona[c]furan skeleton. Talarodride A (1) and talarodride B (2) showed selective inhibitory effects against Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio parahemolyticus with MICs of 3.13-12.5 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng J, Hauser M, Cox RJ, Skellam E. Engineering Aspergillus oryzae for the Heterologous Expression of a Bacterial Modular Polyketide Synthase. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1085. [PMID: 34947068 PMCID: PMC8708903 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial natural products have had phenomenal success in drug discovery and development yet form distinct classes based on the origin of their native producer. Methods that enable metabolic engineers to combine the most useful features of the different classes of natural products may lead to molecules with enhanced biological activities. In this study, we modified the metabolism of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae to enable the synthesis of triketide lactone (TKL), the product of the modular polyketide synthase DEBS1-TE engineered from bacteria. We established (2S)-methylmalonyl-CoA biosynthesis via introducing a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex (PCC); reassembled the 11.2 kb DEBS1-TE coding region from synthetic codon-optimized gene fragments using yeast recombination; introduced bacterial phosphopantetheinyltransferase SePptII; investigated propionyl-CoA synthesis and degradation pathways; and developed improved delivery of exogenous propionate. Depending on the conditions used titers of TKL ranged from <0.01-7.4 mg/L. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that A. oryzae can be used as an alternative host for the synthesis of polyketides from bacteria, even those that require toxic or non-native substrates. Our metabolically engineered A. oryzae may offer advantages over current heterologous platforms for producing valuable and complex natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Maurice Hauser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Skellam
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekular Wirkstoff Zentrum, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuhnert E, Navarro-Muñoz J, Becker K, Stadler M, Collemare J, Cox R. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic diversity in the fungal family Hypoxylaceae and Xylaria hypoxylon. Stud Mycol 2021; 99:100118. [PMID: 34527085 PMCID: PMC8403587 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date little is known about the genetic background that drives the production and diversification of secondary metabolites in the Hypoxylaceae. With the recent availability of high-quality genome sequences for 13 representative species and one relative (Xylaria hypoxylon) we attempted to survey the diversity of biosynthetic pathways in these organisms to investigate their true potential as secondary metabolite producers. Manual search strategies based on the accumulated knowledge on biosynthesis in fungi enabled us to identify 783 biosynthetic pathways across 14 studied species, the majority of which were arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC). The similarity of BGCs was analysed with the BiG-SCAPE engine which organised the BGCs into 375 gene cluster families (GCF). Only ten GCFs were conserved across all of these fungi indicating that speciation is accompanied by changes in secondary metabolism. From the known compounds produced by the family members some can be directly correlated with identified BGCs which is highlighted herein by the azaphilone, dihydroxynaphthalene, tropolone, cytochalasan, terrequinone, terphenyl and brasilane pathways giving insights into the evolution and diversification of those compound classes. Vice versa, products of various BGCs can be predicted through homology analysis with known pathways from other fungi as shown for the identified ergot alkaloid, trigazaphilone, curvupallide, viridicatumtoxin and swainsonine BGCs. However, the majority of BGCs had no obvious links to known products from the Hypoxylaceae or other well-studied biosynthetic pathways from fungi. These findings highlight that the number of known compounds strongly underrepresents the biosynthetic potential in these fungi and that a tremendous number of unidentified secondary metabolites is still hidden. Moreover, with increasing numbers of genomes for further Hypoxylaceae species becoming available, the likelihood of revealing new biosynthetic pathways that encode new, potentially useful compounds will significantly improve. Reaching a better understanding of the biology of these producers, and further development of genetic methods for their manipulation, will be crucial to access their treasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - J.C. Navarro-Muñoz
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K. Becker
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.J. Cox
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yin S, Friedrich S, Hrupins V, Cox RJ. In vitro studies of maleidride-forming enzymes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:14922-14931. [PMID: 35424071 PMCID: PMC8697804 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro assays of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of maleidrides from polyketides in fungi were performed. The results show that the enzymes are closely related to primary metabolism enzymes of the citric acid cycle in terms of stereochemical preferences, but with an expanded substrate selectivity. A key citrate synthase can react both saturated and unsaturated acyl CoA substrates to give solely anti substituted citrates. This undergoes anti-dehydration to afford an unsaturated precursor which is cyclised in vitro by ketosteroid-isomerase-like enzymes to give byssochlamic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yin
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Steffen Friedrich
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Vjaceslavs Hrupins
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Russell J Cox
- OCI, BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dao TT, de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Prosser IM, Williams K, Zacharova MK, Lazarus CM, Willis CL, Bailey AM. Cleaning the Cellular Factory-Deletion of McrA in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1 and the Generation of a Novel Kojic Acid Deficient Strain for Cleaner Heterologous Production of Secondary Metabolites. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:632542. [PMID: 37744117 PMCID: PMC10512265 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.632542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of filamentous fungi as cellular factories, where natural product pathways can be refactored and expressed in a host strain, continues to aid the field of natural product discovery. Much work has been done to develop host strains which are genetically tractable, and for which there are multiple selectable markers and controllable expression systems. To fully exploit these strains, it is beneficial to understand their natural metabolic capabilities, as such knowledge can rule out host metabolites from analysis of transgenic lines and highlight any potential interplay between endogenous and exogenous pathways. Additionally, once identified, the deletion of secondary metabolite pathways from host strains can simplify the detection and purification of heterologous compounds. To this end, secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus oryzae strain NSAR1 has been investigated via the deletion of the newly discovered negative regulator of secondary metabolism, mcrA (multicluster regulator A). In all ascomycetes previously studied mcrA deletion led to an increase in secondary metabolite production. Surprisingly, the only detectable phenotypic change in NSAR1 was a doubling in the yields of kojic acid, with no novel secondary metabolites produced. This supports the previous claim that secondary metabolite production has been repressed in A. oryzae and demonstrates that such repression is not McrA-mediated. Strain NSAR1 was then modified by employing CRISPR-Cas9 technology to disrupt the production of kojic acid, generating the novel strain NSARΔK, which combines the various beneficial traits of NSAR1 with a uniquely clean secondary metabolite background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trong T. Dao
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian M. Prosser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin M. Lazarus
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew M. Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu J, Liu A, Hu Y. Enzymatic dimerization in the biosynthetic pathway of microbial natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1469-1505. [PMID: 33404031 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2020The dramatic increase in the identification of dimeric natural products generated by microorganisms and plants has played a significant role in drug discovery. The biosynthetic pathways of these products feature inherent dimerization reactions, which are valuable for biosynthetic applications and chemical transformations. The extraordinary mechanisms of the dimerization of secondary metabolites should advance our understanding of the uncommon chemical rules for natural product biosynthesis, which will, in turn, accelerate the discovery of dimeric reactions and molecules in nature and provide promising strategies for the total synthesis of natural products through dimerization. This review focuses on the enzymes involved in the dimerization in the biosynthetic pathway of microbial natural products, with an emphasis on cytochrome P450s, laccases, and intermolecular [4 + 2] cyclases, along with other atypical enzymes. The identification, characterization, and catalytic landscapes of these enzymes are also introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Marshall JW, de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Ghannam IAY, Munawar A, Killen JC, Lazarus CM, Cox RJ, Willis CL, Simpson TJ. Fusarochromene, a novel tryptophan-derived metabolite from Fusarium sacchari. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:182-187. [PMID: 33107888 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusarochromene isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium sacchari is closely related to a group of mycotoxins including fusarochromanone previously isolated from various Fusaria spp. Despite their assumed polyketide biogenesis, incorporation studies with 13C-labelled acetate, glycerol and tryptophans show that fusarochromene is unexpectedly derived via oxidative cleavage of the aromatic amino acid tryptophan. A putative biosynthetic gene cluster has been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Marshall
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhang C, Yan D, Bai J, Hu Y. Phomoidrides E–G, three dimeric anhydrides from the fungus Pleosporales sp. give new insight to the biosynthesis of phomoidrides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Three novel dimeric anhydrides with unprecedented skeletons, phomoidrides E–G, were isolated from the fungus Pleosporales sp. A new biosynthetic strategy for dimerization with a key Claisen-like intermediate M1 is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dose B, Ross C, Niehs SP, Scherlach K, Bauer JP, Hertweck C. Food‐Poisoning Bacteria Employ a Citrate Synthase and a Type II NRPS To Synthesize Bolaamphiphilic Lipopeptide Antibiotics**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dose
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Claudia Ross
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Sarah P. Niehs
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Johanna P. Bauer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences Friedrich Schiller University Jena 07743 Jena Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dose B, Ross C, Niehs SP, Scherlach K, Bauer JP, Hertweck C. Food-Poisoning Bacteria Employ a Citrate Synthase and a Type II NRPS To Synthesize Bolaamphiphilic Lipopeptide Antibiotics*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21535-21540. [PMID: 32780428 PMCID: PMC7756705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mining the genome of the food-spoiling bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans revealed five nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, including an orphan gene locus (bol). Gene inactivation and metabolic profiling linked the bol gene cluster to novel bolaamphiphilic lipopeptides with antimycobacterial activity. A combination of chemical analysis and bioinformatics elucidated the structures of bolagladin A and B, lipocyclopeptides featuring an unusual dehydro-β-alanine enamide linker fused to an unprecedented tricarboxylic fatty acid tail. Through a series of targeted gene deletions, we proved the involvement of a designated citrate synthase (CS), priming ketosynthases III (KS III), a type II NRPS, including a novel desaturase for enamide formation, and a multimodular NRPS in generating the cyclopeptide. Network analyses revealed the evolutionary origin of the CS and identified cryptic CS/NRPS gene loci in various bacterial genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dose
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Claudia Ross
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Sarah P. Niehs
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Kirstin Scherlach
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Johanna P. Bauer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKIBeutenbergstrasse 11a07745JenaGermany
- Faculty of Biological SciencesFriedrich Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tian DS, Kuhnert E, Ouazzani J, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Cox RJ. The sporothriolides. A new biosynthetic family of fungal secondary metabolites. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12477-12484. [PMID: 34123230 PMCID: PMC8162735 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04886k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster of the antifungal metabolite sporothriolide 1 was identified from three producing ascomycetes: Hypomontagnella monticulosa MUCL 54604, H. spongiphila CLL 205 and H. submonticulosa DAOMC 242471. A transformation protocol was established, and genes encoding a fatty acid synthase subunit and a citrate synthase were simultaneously knocked out which led to loss of sporothriolide and sporochartine production. In vitro reactions showed that the sporochartines are derived from non-enzymatic Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 1 and trienylfuranol A 7 during the fermentation and extraction process. Heterologous expression of the spo genes in Aspergillus oryzae then led to the production of intermediates and shunts and delineation of a new fungal biosynthetic pathway originating in fatty acid biosynthesis. Finally, a hydrolase was revealed by in vitro studies likely contributing towards self-resistance of the producer organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Song Tian
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Jamal Ouazzani
- French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institute for the Chemistry of Natural Substances (ICSN) Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex France
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 27 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University Universitätsstraße 27 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Russell J Cox
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
de Mattos-Shipley KMJ, Spencer CE, Greco C, Heard DM, O'Flynn DE, Dao TT, Song Z, Mulholland NP, Vincent JL, Simpson TJ, Cox RJ, Bailey AM, Willis CL. Uncovering biosynthetic relationships between antifungal nonadrides and octadrides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11570-11578. [PMID: 34094403 PMCID: PMC8162798 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04309e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maleidrides are a class of bioactive secondary metabolites unique to filamentous fungi, which contain one or more maleic anhydrides fused to a 7-, 8- or 9- membered carbocycle (named heptadrides, octadrides and nonadrides respectively). Herein structural and biosynthetic studies on the antifungal octadride, zopfiellin, and nonadrides scytalidin, deoxyscytalidin and castaneiolide are described. A combination of genome sequencing, bioinformatic analyses, gene disruptions, biotransformations, isotopic feeding studies, NMR and X-ray crystallography revealed that they share a common biosynthetic pathway, diverging only after the nonadride deoxyscytalidin. 5-Hydroxylation of deoxyscytalidin occurs prior to ring contraction in the zopfiellin pathway of Diffractella curvata. In Scytalidium album, 6-hydroxylation - confirmed as being catalysed by the α-ketoglutarate dependent oxidoreductase ScyL2 - converts deoxyscytalidin to scytalidin, in the final step in the scytalidin pathway. Feeding scytalidin to a zopfiellin PKS knockout strain led to the production of the nonadride castaneiolide and two novel ring-open maleidrides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate M J de Mattos-Shipley
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol 24 Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Catherine E Spencer
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Claudio Greco
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - David M Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Daniel E O'Flynn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Trong T Dao
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Zhongshu Song
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Jason L Vincent
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell RG42 6EY UK
| | - Thomas J Simpson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover Schneiderberg 38 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Andrew M Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol 24 Tyndall Avenue Bristol BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Christine L Willis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Steinborn C, Wildermuth RE, Barber DM, Magauer T. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cornexistin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17282-17285. [PMID: 32558114 PMCID: PMC7540023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of (+)-cornexistin as well as its 8-epi-isomer starting from malic acid. The robust and scalable route features a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, an auxiliary-controlled syn-Evans-aldol reaction, and a highly efficient intramolecular alkylation to form the nine-membered carbocycle. The delicate maleic anhydride moiety of the nonadride skeleton was constructed from a β-keto nitrile. The developed route enabled the synthesis of 165 mg (+)-cornexistin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & ImmunologyAstraZeneca43183MölndalSweden
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control ChemistryBayer AG, Crop Science DivisionIndustriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Steinborn C, Wildermuth RE, Barber DM, Magauer T. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cornexistin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology AstraZeneca 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Chemistry Bayer AG, Crop Science Division Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Husain A, Bhutani M, Parveen S, Khan SA, Ahmad A, Iqbal MA. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity,
ADME,
and molecular docking studies of benzimidazole‐bearing furanone derivatives. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Medha Bhutani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taibah University Yanbu Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy National University of Science and Technology Muscat Sultanate of Oman
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Health Information Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Studies King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shiina T, Ozaki T, Matsu Y, Nagamine S, Liu C, Hashimoto M, Minami A, Oikawa H. Oxidative Ring Contraction by a Multifunctional Dioxygenase Generates the Core Cycloocatadiene in the Biosynthesis of Fungal Dimeric Anhydride Zopfiellin. Org Lett 2020; 22:1997-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shota Nagamine
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaru Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Heard DM, Tayler ER, Cox RJ, Simpson TJ, Willis CL. Structural and synthetic studies on maleic anhydride and related diacid natural products. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Zhao JY, Wang XJ, Liu Z, Meng FX, Sun SF, Ye F, Liu YB. Nonadride and Spirocyclic Anhydride Derivatives from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces purpurogenus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2953-2962. [PMID: 31710490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Six new nonadride derivatives (1-6) and three new spirocyclic anhydride derivatives (7-9) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Talaromyces purpurogenus obtained from fresh leaves of the toxic medicinal plant Tylophora ovata. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD techniques. Maleic anhydride derivatives 1-9 were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 1.9 μM. Compounds 2 and 6 showed moderate inhibitory activities toward XOD and PTP1b, respectively, at 10 μM with inhibition rates of 67% and 76%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Xing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sen-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Greco C, Keller NP, Rokas A. Unearthing fungal chemodiversity and prospects for drug discovery. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 51:22-29. [PMID: 31071615 PMCID: PMC6832774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have drastically improved our lives by providing an excellent source of molecules to fight cancer, pathogens, and cardiovascular diseases that have revolutionized medicine. Fungi are prolific producers of diverse natural products and several recent advances in synthetic biology, genetics, bioinformatics, and natural product chemistry have greatly enhanced our ability to efficiently mine their genomes for the discovery of novel drugs. In this article, we provide an overview of improved heterologous expression platforms for targeted production of fungal secondary metabolites, of advances in chemical and bioinformatics dereplication, and of novel bioinformatic platforms to discover biosynthetic genes involved in the production of metabolites with specific bioactivities. These advances, coupled with the presence of vast numbers of biosynthetic gene clusters in fungal genomes whose natural products remain unknown, have revitalized efforts to mine the fungal treasure chest and renewed the promise of discovering new drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Greco
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Antonis Rokas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wu HQ, Yang K, Luo SH, Wu XY, Wang N, Chen SH, Wang ZY. C4-Selective Synthesis of Vinyl Thiocyanates and Selenocyanates Through 3,4-Dihalo-2(5H
)-furanones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen People′s Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy; Gannan Medical University; 341000 Ganzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Si-Hong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment; Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; South China Normal University; 510006 Guangzhou People′s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road 510640 Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Luo SH, Yang K, Lin JY, Gao JJ, Wu XY, Wang ZY. Synthesis of amino acid derivatives of 5-alkoxy-3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and their preliminary bioactivity investigation as linkers. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:5138-5147. [PMID: 31073571 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of amino acid derivatives are successfully synthesized via a metal-free C-N coupling reaction of 5-alkoxy-3,4-dihalo-2(5H)-furanones and amino acids. Their structures are well characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. As potential linkers of the 2(5H)-furanone unit with other drug moieties containing a hydroxyl or amino group, the effect of amino acids is investigated by comparison with other 2(5H)-furanone compounds by constructing C-O/C-S bonds. The preliminary results of the biological activity assay by the MTT method on a series of cancer cell lines in vitro reveal that the introduction of amino acids basically has no toxic effect. This can lead to these 2(5H)-furanone derivatives being further well-linked with other bioactive moieties with amino or hydroxy groups as expected. Thus, the biological activity assay gives a direction for the design of bioactive 2(5H)-furanones based on these amino acid linkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Yun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Juan-Juan Gao
- College of Sports and Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Greco C, de Mattos-Shipley K, Bailey AM, Mulholland NP, Vincent JL, Willis CL, Cox RJ, Simpson TJ. Structure revision of cryptosporioptides and determination of the genetic basis for dimeric xanthone biosynthesis in fungi. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2930-2939. [PMID: 30996871 PMCID: PMC6428139 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel dimeric xanthones, cryptosporioptides A-C were isolated from Cryptosporiopsis sp. 8999 and their structures elucidated. Methylation of cryptosporioptide A gave a methyl ester with identical NMR data to cryptosporioptide, a compound previously reported to have been isolated from the same fungus. However, HRMS analysis revealed that cryptosporioptide is a symmetrical dimer, not a monomer as previously proposed, and the revised structure was elucidated by extensive NMR analysis. The genome of Cryptosporiopsis sp. 8999 was sequenced and the dimeric xanthone (dmx) biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of the cryptosporioptides was identified. Gene disruption experiments identified a gene (dmxR5) encoding a cytochrome P450 oxygenase as being responsible for the dimerisation step late in the biosynthetic pathway. Disruption of dmxR5 led to the isolation of novel monomeric xanthones. Cryptosporioptide B and C feature an unusual ethylmalonate subunit: a hrPKS and acyl CoA carboxylase are responsible for its formation. Bioinformatic analysis of the genomes of several fungi producing related xanthones, e.g. the widely occurring ergochromes, and related metabolites allows detailed annotation of the biosynthetic genes, and a rational overall biosynthetic scheme for the production of fungal dimeric xanthones to be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Greco
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , UK BS8 1TS . ;
| | - Kate de Mattos-Shipley
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , UK BS8 1TS . ;
| | - Andrew M Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences , 24 Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TQ , UK
| | | | - Jason L Vincent
- Syngenta , Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , RG42 6EY , UK
| | - Christine L Willis
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , UK BS8 1TS . ;
| | - Russell J Cox
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , UK BS8 1TS . ;
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , Leibniz University of Hannover , Schneiderberg 1B , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
- BMWZ , Leibniz University of Hannover , Schneiderberg 38 , 30167 , Hannover , Germany
| | - Thomas J Simpson
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , UK BS8 1TS . ;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lebe KE, Cox RJ. Oxidative steps during the biosynthesis of squalestatin S1. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1227-1231. [PMID: 30774923 PMCID: PMC6349020 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The squalestatins are a class of highly complex fungal metabolites which are potent inhibitors of squalene synthase with potential use in the control of cholesterol biosynthesis. Little is known of the chemical steps involved in the construction of the 4,8-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. Here, using a combination of directed gene knockout and heterologous expression experiments, we show that two putative non-heme-iron-dependent enzymes appear to catalyse a remarkable series of six consecutive oxidations which set up the bioactive core of the squalestatins. This is followed by the action of an unusual copper-dependent oxygenase which introduces a hydroxyl required for later acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Lebe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , BMWZ , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 38 , 30167 Hannover , Germany .
| | - Russell J Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , BMWZ , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Schneiderberg 38 , 30167 Hannover , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Szwalbe AJ, Williams K, Song Z, de Mattos-Shipley K, Vincent JL, Bailey AM, Willis CL, Cox RJ, Simpson TJ. Characterisation of the biosynthetic pathway to agnestins A and B reveals the reductive route to chrysophanol in fungi. Chem Sci 2019; 10:233-238. [PMID: 30746079 PMCID: PMC6335632 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new dihydroxy-xanthone metabolites, agnestins A and B, were isolated from Paecilomyces variotii along with a number of related benzophenones and xanthones including monodictyphenone. The structures were elucidated by NMR analyses and X-ray crystallography. The agnestin (agn) biosynthetic gene cluster was identified and targeted gene disruptions of the PKS, Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase, and other oxido-reductase genes revealed new details of fungal xanthone biosynthesis. In particular, identification of a reductase responsible for in vivo anthraquinone to anthrol conversion confirms a previously postulated essential step in aromatic deoxygenation of anthraquinones, e.g. emodin to chrysophanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka J Szwalbe
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Katherine Williams
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Zhongshu Song
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Kate de Mattos-Shipley
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Jason L Vincent
- Syngenta , Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , RG42 6EY , UK
| | - Andrew M Bailey
- School of Biological Sciences , 24 Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TQ , UK
| | - Christine L Willis
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| | - Russell J Cox
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , Leibniz University of Hannover , 30167 , Germany
- BMWZ , Leibniz University of Hannover , 30167 , Germany
| | - Thomas J Simpson
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Strategies for Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis in Fungi. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:416-427. [PMID: 30316556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed as essential medicines and life-enhancing drugs. Genome sequencing has revealed that fungi have the potential to produce considerably more natural products (NPs) than are typically observed in the laboratory. Recently, there have been significant advances in the identification, understanding, and engineering of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This review briefly describes examples of the engineering of fungal NP biosynthesis at the global, pathway, and enzyme level using in vivo and in vitro approaches and refers to the range and scale of heterologous expression systems available, developments in combinatorial biosynthesis, progress in understanding how fungal BGCs are regulated, and the applications of these novel biosynthetic enzymes as biocatalysts.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gao SS, Naowarojna N, Cheng R, Liu X, Liu P. Recent examples of α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzymes in natural product biosyntheses. Nat Prod Rep 2018; 35:792-837. [PMID: 29932179 PMCID: PMC6093783 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018 α-Ketoglutarate (αKG, also known as 2-oxoglutarate)-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron (αKG-NHFe) enzymes catalyze a wide range of biochemical reactions, including hydroxylation, ring fragmentation, C-C bond cleavage, epimerization, desaturation, endoperoxidation and heterocycle formation. These enzymes utilize iron(ii) as the metallo-cofactor and αKG as the co-substrate. Herein, we summarize several novel αKG-NHFe enzymes involved in natural product biosyntheses discovered in recent years, including halogenation reactions, amino acid modifications and tailoring reactions in the biosynthesis of terpenes, lipids, fatty acids and phosphonates. We also conducted a survey of the currently available structures of αKG-NHFe enzymes, in which αKG binds to the metallo-centre bidentately through either a proximal- or distal-type binding mode. Future structure-function and structure-reactivity relationship investigations will provide crucial information regarding how activities in this large class of enzymes have been fine-tuned in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | - Ronghai Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wasil Z, Kuhnert E, Simpson TJ, Cox RJ. Oryzines A & B, Maleidride Congeners from Aspergillus oryzae and Their Putative Biosynthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2018; 4:jof4030096. [PMID: 30104550 PMCID: PMC6162547 DOI: 10.3390/jof4030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae is traditionally used in East Asia for the production of food and brewing. In addition, it has been developed into a suitable host for the heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic genes and gene clusters, enabling the functional analysis of the encoded enzymes. A. oryzae shares a 99.5% genome homology with Aspergillus flavus, but their secondary metabolomes differ significantly and various compounds unique to A. oryzae have been reported. While using A. oryzae as a host for heterologous expression experiments we discovered two new metabolites in extracts of A. oryzae M-2-3 with an unusual maleidride backbone, which were named oryzine A and B. Their structures were elucidated by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Their structural relationships with known maleidrides implied involvement of a citrate synthase (CS) and a polyketide (PKS) or fatty acid synthase (FAS) in their biosynthesis. Analysis of the A. oryzae genome revealed a single putative biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) consistent with the hypothetical biosynthesis of the oryzines. These findings increase knowledge of the chemical potential of A. oryzae and are the first attempt to link a novel product of this fungus with genomic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahida Wasil
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum und Institut für Organische Chemie, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Simpson
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Russell J Cox
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum und Institut für Organische Chemie, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
He Y, Wang B, Chen W, Cox RJ, He J, Chen F. Recent advances in reconstructing microbial secondary metabolites biosynthesis in Aspergillus spp. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:739-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Williams K, Szwalbe AJ, Dickson C, Desson TR, Mulholland NP, Vincent JL, Clough JM, Bailey AM, Butts CP, Willis CL, Simpson TJ, Cox RJ. Genetic and chemical characterisation of the cornexistin pathway provides further insight into maleidride biosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7965-7968. [PMID: 28660939 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03303f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the herbicide cornexistin in the fungus Paecilomyces variotii was investigated by full sequencing of its genome, knockout of key genes within its biosynthetic gene cluster and isolation and identification of intermediate compounds. The general biosynthetic pathway resembles that of byssochlamic acid and other nonadrides in the early stages, but differs in requiring fewer enzymes in the key nonadride dimerisation step, and in the removal of one maleic anhydride moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Williams
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, and BMWZ, Leibniz University of Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schor R, Cox R. Classic fungal natural products in the genomic age: the molecular legacy of Harold Raistrick. Nat Prod Rep 2018. [PMID: 29537034 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1893 to 2017Harold Raistrick was involved in the discovery of many of the most important classes of fungal metabolites during the 20th century. This review focusses on how these discoveries led to developments in isotopic labelling, biomimetic chemistry and the discovery, analysis and exploitation of biosynthetic gene clusters for major classes of fungal metabolites including: alternariol; geodin and metabolites of the emodin pathway; maleidrides; citrinin and the azaphilones; dehydrocurvularin; mycophenolic acid; and the tropolones. Key recent advances in the molecular understanding of these important pathways, including the discovery of biosynthetic gene clusters, the investigation of the molecular and chemical aspects of key biosynthetic steps, and the reengineering of key components of the pathways are reviewed and compared. Finally, discussion of key relationships between metabolites and pathways and the most important recent advances and opportunities for future research directions are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Schor
- Institut für Organische Chemie, BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
| | - Russell Cox
- Institut für Organische Chemie, BMWZ, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu YC, Luo SH, Mei WJ, Cao L, Wu HQ, Wang ZY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-biphenylamino-5-halo-2( 5H )-furanones as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
41
|
Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food. Stud Mycol 2017; 88:37-135. [PMID: 28860671 PMCID: PMC5573881 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.
Collapse
Key Words
- A. aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. caperatus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. endophyticus Hubka, A.J. Chen, & Samson
- A. levisporus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. porosus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. tamarindosoli A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. teporis A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. zutongqii A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascomycota
- Aspergillaceae
- Aspergillus aerius A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus proliferans
- Eurotiales
- Eurotium amstelodami
- Extrolites
- Multi-gene phylogeny
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu N, Hung YS, Gao SS, Hang L, Zou Y, Chooi YH, Tang Y. Identification and Heterologous Production of a Benzoyl-Primed Tricarboxylic Acid Polyketide Intermediate from the Zaragozic Acid A Biosynthetic Pathway. Org Lett 2017; 19:3560-3563. [PMID: 28605916 PMCID: PMC5673471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Zaragozic acid A (1) is a potent cholesterol lowering, polyketide natural product made by various filamentous fungi. The reconstitution of enzymes responsible for the initial steps of the biosynthetic pathway of 1 is accomplished using an engineered fungal heterologous host. These initial steps feature the priming of a benzoic acid starter unit onto a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HRPKS), followed by oxaloacetate extension and product release to generate a tricarboxylic acid containing product 2. The reconstitution studies demonstrated that only three enzymes, HRPKS, citrate synthase, and hydrolase, are needed in A. nidulans to produce the structurally complex product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiu-Sun Hung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shu-Shan Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leibniz Hang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bai J, Yan D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zou Y, Tang M, Liu B, Wu Q, Yu S, Tang Y, Hu Y. A Cascade of Redox Reactions Generates Complexity in the Biosynthesis of the Protein Phosphatase-2 Inhibitor Rubratoxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4782-4786. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Shishan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bai J, Yan D, Zhang T, Guo Y, Liu Y, Zou Y, Tang M, Liu B, Wu Q, Yu S, Tang Y, Hu Y. A Cascade of Redox Reactions Generates Complexity in the Biosynthesis of the Protein Phosphatase-2 Inhibitor Rubratoxin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yunbao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Mancheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Shishan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| | - Yi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100050 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the press. Nat Prod Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np90030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as euphorikanin A from Euphorbia kansui.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bonsch B, Belt V, Bartel C, Duensing N, Koziol M, Lazarus CM, Bailey AM, Simpson TJ, Cox RJ. Identification of genes encoding squalestatin S1 biosynthesis and in vitro production of new squalestatin analogues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6777-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of squalestatin S1 have been discovered and exploited to produce new analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bonsch
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover
- Germany
| | - V. Belt
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover
- Germany
| | - C. Bartel
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover
- Germany
| | - N. Duensing
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover
- Germany
| | - M. Koziol
- School of Biological Sciences
- Bristol BS8 1TQ
- UK
| | | | | | | | - R. J. Cox
- Institut für Organische Chemie
- Leibniz Universität Hannover
- 30167 Hannover
- Germany
- School of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|