1
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Alayoglu P, Rathnayaka SC, Chang T, Wang SG, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Cu site differentiation in tetracopper(i) sulfide clusters enables biomimetic N 2O reduction. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc00701h. [PMID: 39129770 PMCID: PMC11306996 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper clusters feature prominently in both metalloenzymes and synthetic nanoclusters that mediate catalytic redox transformations of gaseous small molecules. Such reactions are critical to biological energy conversion and are expected to be crucial parts of renewable energy economies. However, the precise roles of individual metal atoms within clusters are difficult to elucidate, particularly for cluster systems that are dynamic under operating conditions. Here, we present a metal site-specific analysis of synthetic Cu4(μ4-S) clusters that mimic the Cu Z active site of the nitrous oxide reductase enzyme. Leveraging the ability to obtain structural snapshots of both inactive and active forms of the synthetic model system, we analyzed both states using resonant X-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS), a technique that enables X-ray absorption profiles of individual metal sites within a cluster to be extracted independently. Using DAFS, we found that a change in cluster geometry between the inactive and active states is correlated to Cu site differentiation that is presumably required for efficient activation of N2O gas. More precisely, we hypothesize that the Cu δ+⋯Cu δ- pairs produced upon site differentiation are poised for N2O activation, as supported by computational modeling. These results provide an unprecedented level of detail on the roles of individual metal sites within the synthetic cluster system and how those roles interplay with cluster geometry to impact the reactivity function. We expect this fundamental knowledge to inform understanding of metal clusters in settings ranging from (bio)molecular to nanocluster to extended solid systems involved in energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Suresh C Rathnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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2
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Kephart J, Zhou DY, Sandwisch J, Cajiao N, Krajewski SM, Malinowski P, Chu JH, Neidig ML, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Caught in the Act of Substitution: Interadsorbate Effects on an Atomically Precise Fe/Co/Se Nanocluster. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1276-1282. [PMID: 38947197 PMCID: PMC11212139 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Directing groups guide substitution patterns in organic synthetic schemes, but little is known about pathways to control reactivity patterns, such as regioselectivity, in complex inorganic systems such as bioinorganic cofactors or extended surfaces. Interadsorbate effects are known to encode surface reactivity patterns in inorganic materials, modulating the location and binding strength of ligands. However, owing to limited experimental resolution into complex inorganic structures, there is little opportunity to resolve these effects on the atomic scale. Here, we utilize an atomically precise Fe/Co/Se nanocluster platform, [Fe3(L)2Co6Se8L'6]+ ([1(L)2]+; L = CN t Bu, THF; L' = Ph2PN(-)Tol), in which allosteric interadsorbate effects give rise to pronounced site-differentiation. Using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, we discover that coordination of THF at the ligand-free Fe site in [1(CN t Bu)2]+ sets off a domino effect wherein allosteric through-cluster interactions promote the regioselective dissociation of CN t Bu at a neighboring Fe site. Computational analysis reveals that this active site correlation is a result of delocalized Fe···Se···Co···Se covalent interactions that intertwine edge sites on the same cluster face. This study provides an unprecedented atom-scale glimpse into how interfacial metal-support interactions mediate a collective and regiospecific path for substrate exchange across multiple active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
A. Kephart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel Y. Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jason Sandwisch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathalia Cajiao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Sebastian M. Krajewski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Paul Malinowski
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Xu Y, Chen J, Aydt AP, Zhang L, Sergeyev I, Keeler EG, Choi B, He S, Reichman DR, Friesner RA, Nuckolls C, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, McDermott AE. Electron and Spin Delocalization in [Co 6 Se 8 (PEt 3 ) 6 ] 0/+1 Superatoms. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300064. [PMID: 38057144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clusters can function as nanoscale atoms/superatoms, assembling into superatomic solids, a new class of solid-state materials with designable properties through modifications on superatoms. To explore possibilities on diversifying building blocks, here we thoroughly studied one representative superatom, Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 . We probed its structural, electronic, and magnetic properties and revealed its detailed electronic structure as valence electrons delocalize over inorganic [Co6 Se8 ] core while ligands function as an insulated shell. 59 Co SSNMR measurements on the core and 31 P, 13 C on the ligands show that the neutral Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 is diamagnetic and symmetric, with all ligands magnetically equivalent. Quantum computations cross-validate NMR results and reveal degenerate delocalized HOMO orbitals, indicating aromaticity. Ligand substitution keeps the inorganic core nearly intact. After losing one electron, the unpaired electron in [Co6 Se8 (PEt3 )6 ]+1 is delocalized, causing paramagnetism and a delocalized electron spin. Notably, this feature of electron/spin delocalization over a large cluster is attractive for special single-electron devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Alexander P Aydt
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Lichirui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ivan Sergeyev
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Eric G Keeler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Richard A Friesner
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ann E McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University New York, New York, 10027, USA
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4
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Alayoglu P, Chang T, Yan C, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Uncovering a CF 3 Effect on X-ray Absorption Energies of [Cu(CF 3 ) 4 ] - and Related Copper Compounds by Using Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) Measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313744. [PMID: 37938103 PMCID: PMC10842927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic structures of high-valent metal complexes aids the advancement of metal-catalyzed cross coupling methodologies. A prototypical complex with formally high valency is [Cu(CF3 )4 ]- (1), which has a formal Cu(III) oxidation state but whose physical analysis has led some to a Cu(I) assignment in an inverted ligand field model. Recent examinations of 1 by X-ray spectroscopies have led previous authors to contradictory conclusions, motivating the re-examination of its X-ray absorption profile here by a complementary method, resonant diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS). From analysis of DAFS measurements for a series of seven mononuclear Cu complexes including 1, here it is shown that there is a systematic trifluoromethyl effect on X-ray absorption that blue shifts the resonant Cu K-edge energy by 2-3 eV per CF3 , completely accounting for observed changes in DAFS profiles between formally Cu(III) complexes like 1 and formally Cu(I) complexes like (Ph3 P)3 CuCF3 (3). Thus, in agreement with the inverted ligand field model, the data presented herein imply that 1 is best described as containing a Cu(I) ion with dn count approaching 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Connly Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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5
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Alayoglu P, Chang T, Lorenzo Ocampo MV, Murray LJ, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Metal Site-Specific Electrostatic Field Effects on a Tricopper(I) Cluster Probed by Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15267-15276. [PMID: 37651726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of multinuclear metal complexes are greatly enhanced by resonant diffraction measurements, which probe X-ray absorption profiles of crystallographically independent metal sites within a cluster. In particular, X-ray diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS) analysis provides data that can be interpreted akin to site-specific XANES, allowing for differences in metal K-edge resonances to be deconvoluted even for different metal sites within a homometallic system. Despite the prevalence of Cu-containing clusters in biology and energy science, DAFS has yet to be used to analyze multicopper complexes of any type until now. Here, we report an evaluation of trends using a series of strategically chosen Cu(I) and Cu(II) complexes to determine how energy dependencies of anomalous scattering factors are impacted by coordination geometry, ligand shell, cluster nuclearity, and oxidation state. This calibration data is used to analyze a formally tricopper(I) complex that was found by DAFS to be site-differentiated due to the unsymmetrical influence on different Cu sites of the electrostatic field from a proximal K+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - M Victoria Lorenzo Ocampo
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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6
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Xu QD, Ma X, Zeng C, Su SD, Hu SM, Huang YY, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Effects of cis/trans-Configuration and Ligand Substitution of the Cyanidometal Bridge on Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Mixed Valence Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104486. [PMID: 35347776 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of cis/trans-configuration of the cyanidometal bridge and the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge on metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) in cyanidometal-bridged mixed valence compounds, two groups of trinuclear cyanidometal-bridged compounds cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(4,4'-dmbpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]n (n=2 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]2 ), 3 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]3 ), 4 (cis/trans-1[PF6 ]4 )) and cis/trans-[Cp(dppe)Fe(μ-NC)Ru(bpy)2 (μ-CN)Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]3 (cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 ) were synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results indicate that for these one- and two-electron oxidation mixed valence compounds, the trans-configuration compounds are more beneficial for MMCT than the cis-configuration compounds, and increasing the electron donating ability of the auxiliary ligand on the cyanidometal bridge is also conductive to MMCT. Moreover, compounds cis/trans-1[PF6 ]n (n=3, 4) and cis/trans-2[PF6 ]3 belong to localized compounds by analyzing the experimental characterization results, supported by the TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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7
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Mitchell B, Krajewski SM, Kephart JA, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Redox-Switchable Allosteric Effects in Molecular Clusters. JACS AU 2022; 2:92-96. [PMID: 35098225 PMCID: PMC8790731 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that allosteric effects and redox state changes can be harnessed to create a switch that selectively and reversibly regulates the coordination chemistry of a single site on the surface of a molecular cluster. This redox-switchable allostery is employed as a guiding force to assemble the molecular clusters Zn3Co6Se8L'6 (L' = Ph2PN(H)Tol, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl) into materials of predetermined dimensionality (1- or 2-D) and to encode them with emissive properties. This work paves the path to program the assembly and function of inorganic clusters into stimuli-responsive, atomically precise materials.
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8
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Reed DA, Hochuli TJ, Gadjieva NA, He S, Wiscons RA, Bartholomew AK, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Controlling Ligand Coordination Spheres and Cluster Fusion in Superatoms. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:306-313. [PMID: 34937334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that reaction pathways from a single superatom motif can be controlled through subtle electronic modification of the outer ligand spheres. Chevrel-type [Co6Se8L6] (L = PR3, CO) superatoms are used to form carbene-terminated clusters, the reactivity of which can be influenced through the electronic effects of the surrounding ligands. This carbene provides new routes for ligand substitution chemistry, which is used to selectively install cyanide or pyridine ligands which were previously inaccessible in these cobalt-based clusters. The surrounding ligands also impact the ability of this carbene to create larger fused clusters of the type [Co12Se16L10], providing underlying information for cluster fusion mechanisms. We use this information to develop methods of creating dimeric clusters with functionalized surface ligands with site specificity, putting new ligands in specific positions on this anisotropic core. Finally, adjusting the carbene intermediates can also be used to perturb the geometry of the [Co6Se8] core itself, as we demonstrate with a multicarbene adduct that displays a substantially anisotropic core. These additional levels of synthetic control could prove instrumental for using superatomic clusters for many applications including catalysis, electronic devices, and creating novel extended structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Taylor J Hochuli
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Natalia A Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Anouck M Champsaur
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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9
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Bartholomew AK, Musgrave RA, Anderton KJ, Juda CE, Dong Y, Bu W, Wang SY, Chen YS, Betley TA. Revealing redox isomerism in trichromium imides by anomalous diffraction. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15739-15749. [PMID: 35003606 PMCID: PMC8654065 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In polynuclear biological active sites, multiple electrons are needed for turnover, and the distribution of these electrons among the metal sites is affected by the structure of the active site. However, the study of the interplay between structure and redox distribution is difficult not only in biological systems but also in synthetic polynuclear clusters since most redox changes produce only one thermodynamically stable product. Here, the unusual chemistry of a sterically hindered trichromium complex allowed us to probe the relationship between structural and redox isomerism. Two structurally isomeric trichromium imides were isolated: asymmetric terminal imide (tbsL)Cr3(NDipp) and symmetric, μ3-bridging imide (tbsL)Cr3(μ3–NBn) ((tbsL)6− = (1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSitBuMe2)3)6−). Along with the homovalent isocyanide adduct (tbsL)Cr3(CNBn) and the bisimide (tbsL)Cr3(μ3–NPh)(NPh), both imide isomers were examined by multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) to determine the redox load distribution by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Despite their compositional similarities, the bridging imide shows uniform oxidation of all three Cr sites while the terminal imide shows oxidation at only two Cr sites. Further oxidation from the bridging imide to the bisimide is only borne at the Cr site bound to the second, terminal imido fragment. Thus, depending on the structural motifs present in each [Cr3] complex, MAD revealed complete localization of oxidation, partial localization, and complete delocalization, all supported by the same hexadentate ligand scaffold. Application of high-resolution Multiwavelength Anomalous Diffraction (MAD) allows the assignment of localized, partly delocalized, and fully delocalized oxidation in a series of trichromium imide isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Yuyang Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Su-Yin Wang
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago Argonne Illinois 60439 USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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10
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Xu QD, Zhang LT, Zeng C, Yang YY, Su SD, Hu SM, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Influence of Fine Ligand Substitution Modification of the Isocyanidometal Bridge on Metal-to-Metal Charge Transfer Properties in Class II-III Mixed Valence Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:11183-11194. [PMID: 33939198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of Class II-III mixed valence complexes have been an interesting topic due to their special intermediate behaviour between localized and delocalized mixed valence complexes. To investigate the influence of the isocyanidometal bridge on metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) properties, a family of new isocyanidometal-bridged complexes and their one-electron oxidation products cis-[Cp(dppe)Fe-CN-Ru(L)2 -NC-Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6 ]n (n=2, 3) (Cp=1,3-cyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, L=2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, 1[PF6 ]n ), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (5,5'-dmbpy, 2[PF6 ]n ) and 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (4,4'-dmbpy, 3[PF6 ]n )) have been synthesized and fully characterized. The experimental results suggest that all the one-electron oxidation products may belong to Class II-III mixed valence complexes, supported by TDDFT calculations. With the change of the substituents of the bipyridyl ligand on the Ru centre from H, 5,5'-dimethyl to 4,4'-dimethyl, the energy of MMCT for the one-electron oxidation complexes changes in the order: 13+ <23+ <33+ , and that for the two-electron oxidation complexes decreases in the order 14+ >34+ >24+ . The potential splitting (ΔE1/2 (2)) between the two terminal Fe centres for N[PF6 ]2 are the largest potential splitting for the cyanido-bridged complexes reported so far. This work shows that the smaller potential difference between the bridging and the terminal metal centres would result in the more delocalized mixed valence complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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11
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Kephart JA, Boggiano AC, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Inorganic clusters as metalloligands: ligand effects on the synthesis and properties of ternary nanopropeller clusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16464-16473. [PMID: 33237061 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active multimetallic platforms with synthetically addressable and hemilabile active sites are attractive synthetic targets for mimicking the reactivity of enzymatic co-factors toward multielectron transformations. To this end, a family of ternary clusters featuring three edge metal sites anchored on a [Co6Se8] multimetallic support via amidophosphine ligands are a promising platform. In this report, we explore how small changes in the stereoelectronic properties of these ligands alter [Co6Se8] metalloligand formation, but also substrate binding affinity and strength of the edge/support interaction in two new ternary clusters, M3Co6Se8L6 (M = Zn, Fe; L(-) = Ph2PN(-)iPr). These clusters are characterized extensively using a range of methods, including single crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Substrate binding studies reveal that Fe3Co6Se8L6 resists coordination of larger ligands like pyridine or tetrahydrofuran, but binds the smaller ligand CNtBu. Additionally, investigations into the synthesis of new [Co6Se8] metalloligands using two aminophosphines, Ph2PN(H)iPr (LH) and iPr2PN(H)iPr, led to the synthesis and characterization of Co6Se8LH6, as well as the smaller clusters Co4Se2(CO)6LH4, Co3Se(μ2-PPh2)(CO)4LH3, and [Co(CO)3(iPr2PN(H)iPr)]2. Cumulatively, this study expands our understanding on the effect of the stereoelectronic properties of aminophosphine ligands in the synthesis of cobalt chalcogenide clusters, and, importantly on modulating the push-pull dynamic between the [Co6Se8] support, the edge metals and incoming coordinating ligands in ternary M3Co6Se8L6 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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12
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Witzke RJ, Chapovetsky A, Conley MP, Kaphan DM, Delferro M. Nontraditional Catalyst Supports in Surface Organometallic Chemistry. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Witzke
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alon Chapovetsky
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew P. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David M. Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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13
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Li Y, Jin R. Seeing Ligands on Nanoclusters and in Their Assemblies by X-ray Crystallography: Atomically Precise Nanochemistry and Beyond. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13627-13644. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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14
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Han H, Carozza JC, Colliton AP, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Filatov AS, Chen Y, Alkan M, Rogachev AY, Dikarev EV. Heterotrimetallic Mixed‐Valent Molecular Precursors Containing Periodic Table Neighbors: Assignment of Metal Positions and Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA
| | - Jesse C. Carozza
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Audra P. Colliton
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | | | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS Center for Advanced Radiation Source The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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15
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Han H, Carozza JC, Colliton AP, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Filatov AS, Chen Y, Alkan M, Rogachev AY, Dikarev EV. Heterotrimetallic Mixed‐Valent Molecular Precursors Containing Periodic Table Neighbors: Assignment of Metal Positions and Oxidation States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9624-9630. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14850 USA
| | - Jesse C. Carozza
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Audra P. Colliton
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | | | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS Center for Advanced Radiation Source The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Melisa Alkan
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Evgeny V. Dikarev
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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16
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Gadjieva NA, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Dimensional Control of Assembling Metal Chalcogenide Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway 10027 New York New York USA
| | - Anouck M. Champsaur
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway 10027 New York New York USA
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway 10027 New York New York USA
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University 3000 Broadway 10027 New York New York USA
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17
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Telford EJ, Russell JC, Swann JR, Fowler B, Wang X, Lee K, Zangiabadi A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Nuckolls C, Batail P, Zhu X, Malen JA, Dean CR, Roy X. Doping-Induced Superconductivity in the van der Waals Superatomic Crystal Re 6Se 8Cl 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1718-1724. [PMID: 32065756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superatomic crystals are composed of discrete modular clusters that emulate the role of atoms in traditional atomic solids. Owing to their unique hierarchical structures, these materials are promising candidates to host exotic phenomena, such as doping-induced superconductivity and magnetism. Low-dimensional superatomic crystals in particular hold great potential as electronic components in nanocircuits, but the impact of doping in such compounds remains unexplored. Here we report the electrical transport properties of Re6Se8Cl2, a two-dimensional superatomic semiconductor. We find that this compound can be n-doped in situ through Cl dissociation, drastically altering the transport behavior from semiconducting to metallic and giving rise to superconductivity with a critical temperature of ∼8 K and upper critical field exceeding 30 T. This work is the first example of superconductivity in a van der Waals superatomic crystal; more broadly, it establishes a new chemical strategy to manipulate the electronic properties of van der Waals materials with labile ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Telford
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jake C Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joshua R Swann
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Brandon Fowler
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kihong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Amirali Zangiabadi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044 Japan
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Patrick Batail
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Laboratoire MOLTECH, CNRS UMR 6200, Université d'Angers, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan A Malen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Kephart JA, Mitchell BS, Chirila A, Anderton KJ, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Atomically Defined Nanopropeller Fe 3Co 6Se 8(Ph 2PNTol) 6: Functional Model for the Electronic Metal-Support Interaction Effect and High Catalytic Activity for Carbodiimide Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19605-19610. [PMID: 31770487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined interfaces that maximize the density of active sites and harness the electronic metal-support interaction are desirable to facilitate challenging multielectron transformations, but their synthesis remains a considerable challenge. We report the rational synthesis of the atomically defined metal chalcogenide nanopropeller Fe3Co6Se8L6 (L = Ph2PNTol) featuring three Fe edge sites, and its ensuing catalytic activity for carbodiimide formation. The complex interaction between the Fe edges and Co6Se8 support, including the interplay between oxidation state, substrate coordination, and metal-support interaction, is probed in detail using chemical and electrochemical methods, extensive single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Dylan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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Arnett CH, Kaiser JT, Agapie T. Remote Ligand Modifications Tune Electronic Distribution and Reactivity in Site-Differentiated, High-Spin Iron Clusters: Flipping Scaling Relationships. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15971-15982. [PMID: 31738534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of [LFe3O(RArIm)3Fe][OTf]2, the first Hammett series of a site-differentiated cluster. The cluster reduction potentials and CO stretching frequencies shift as expected on the basis of the electronic properties of the ligand: electron-donating substituents result in more reducing clusters and weaker C-O bonds. However, unusual trends in the energetics of their two sequential CO binding events with the substituent σp parameters are observed. Specifically, introduction of electron-donating substituents suppresses the first CO binding event (ΔΔH by as much as 7.9 kcal mol-1) but enhances the second (ΔΔH by as much as 1.9 kcal mol-1). X-ray crystallography, including multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry, reveal that these substituent effects result from changes in the energetic penalty associated with electronic redistribution within the cluster, which occurs during the CO binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Arnett
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jens T Kaiser
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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Exposing the inadequacy of redox formalisms by resolving redox inequivalence within isovalent clusters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15836-15841. [PMID: 31324742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907699116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we examine a family of trinuclear iron complexes by multiple-wavelength, anomalous diffraction (MAD) to explore the redox load distribution within cluster materials by the free refinement of atomic scattering factors. Several effects were explored that can impact atomic scattering factors within clusters, including 1) metal atom primary coordination sphere, 2) M-M bonding, and 3) redox delocalization in formally mixed-valent species. Complexes were investigated which vary from highly symmetric to fully asymmetric by 57Fe Mössbauer and X-ray diffraction to explore the relationship between MAD-derived data and the data available from these widely used characterization techniques. The compounds examined include the all-ferrous clusters [ n Bu4N][(tbsL)Fe3(μ3-Cl)] (1) ([tbsL]6- = [1,3,5-C6H9(NC6H4-o-NSi t BuMe2)3]6-]), (tbsL)Fe3(py) (2), [K(C222)]2[(tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NPh)] (4) (C222 = 2,2,2-cryptand), and the mixed-valent (tbsL)Fe3(μ3-NPh) (3). Redox delocalization in mixed-valent 3 was explored with cyclic voltammetry (CV), zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography techniques. We find that the MAD results show an excellent correspondence to 57Fe Mössbauer data; yet also can distinguish between subtle changes in local coordination geometries where Mössbauer cannot. Differences within aggregate oxidation levels are evident by systematic shifts of scattering factor envelopes to increasingly higher energies. However, distinguishing local oxidation levels in iso- or mixed-valent materials can be dramatically obscured by the degree of covalent intracore bonding. MAD-derived atomic scattering factor data emphasize in-edge features that are often difficult to analyze by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Thus, relative oxidation levels within the cluster were most reliably ascertained from comparing the entire envelope of the atomic scattering factor data.
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