1
|
Stephaniuk NT, Nascimento MA, Nikoo S, Heyer E, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM. Robust S
4
⋅⋅⋅O Supramolecular Synthons: Structures of Radical‐Radical Cocrystals [
p
‐XC
6
F
4
CNSSN]
2
[TEMPO] (X=F, Cl, Br, I, CN). Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103846. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia T. Stephaniuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Mitchell A. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Sahar Nikoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Elodie Heyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Lara K. Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han H, Zhang D, Zhu Z, Wei R, Xiao X, Wang X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhao D. Aromatic Stacking Mediated Spin-Spin Coupling in Cyclophane-Assembled Diradicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17690-17700. [PMID: 34637282 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the capability of π-π stacking motifs to enable spin-spin coupling, we designed and synthesized three pairs of regio-isomers featuring two radical moieties joined by a [2.2]paracyclophane (CP) unit. By fusing indeno units to CP, two partially stacked fluorene radicals are covalently linked, exhibiting evident antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling regardless of the orientation of two spins. Remarkably, while possessing high diradical indices of 0.8 and 0.9, the two molecules demonstrate good air stability by virtue of their singlet ground state. Single crystals help unravel the structural basis of their AFM coupling behaviors. When two radical centers are arranged at the pseudometa-positions around CP, the face-to-face stacked phenylene rings intrinsically confer orbital interactions that promote AFM coupling. On the other hand, if two radicals are directed in the pseudopara-orientation, significant orbital overlapping is observed between the radical centers (i.e., C9 of fluorene) and the aromatic carbons laid on the side, rendering AFM coupling between the two spins. In contrast, when two fluorene radicals are tethered to CP via C9 through a single C-C bond, ferromagnetic (FM) coupling is manifested by both diradical isomers featuring pseudometa- and pseudopara-connectivity. With minimal spin distributed on CP and thus limited contribution from π-π stacking, their spin-spin coupling properties are more similar to a pair of nitroxide diradical analogues, in which the two spins are dominantly coupled via through-space interactions. From these results, important conclusions are elucidated such as that although through-space interactions may confer FM coupling, with weakened strength shown by PAH radicals due to their lower polarity, face-to-face stacked π-frameworks tend to induce AFM coupling, because favorable orbital interactions are readily achieved by PAH systems hosting delocalized spins that are capable of adopting varied stacking motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ziqi Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taponen AI, Ayadi A, Lahtinen MK, Oyarzabal I, Bonhommeau S, Rouzières M, Mathonière C, Tuononen HM, Clérac R, Mailman A. Room-Temperature Magnetic Bistability in a Salt of Organic Radical Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15912-15917. [PMID: 34547207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystallization of 7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinodimethane radical anion (TCNQ-•) and 3-methylpyridinium-1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl radical cation (3-MepyDTDA+•) afforded isostructural acetonitrile (MeCN) or propionitrile (EtCN) solvates containing cofacial π dimers of homologous components. Loss of lattice solvent from the diamagnetic solvates above 366 K affords a high-temperature paramagnetic phase containing discrete TCNQ-• and weakly bound π dimers of 3-MepyDTDA+•, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction methods and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Below 268 K, a first-order phase transition occurs, leading to a low-temperature diamagnetic phase with TCNQ-• σ dimer and π dimers of 3-MepyDTDA+•. This study reveals the first example of cooperative interactions between two different organic radical ions leading to magnetic bistability, and these results are central to the future design of multicomponent functional molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni I Taponen
- NanoScience Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Awatef Ayadi
- NanoScience Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Manu K Lahtinen
- NanoScience Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Itziar Oyarzabal
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, F-33600 Pessac, France.,BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, ES-48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, ES-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Mathieu Rouzières
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Corine Mathonière
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- NanoScience Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR5031, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Aaron Mailman
- NanoScience Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiekink ERT. Zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional supramolecular architectures sustained by Se …O chalcogen bonding: A crystallographic survey. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213586. [PMID: 33100367 PMCID: PMC7568495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Cambridge Structural Database was evaluated for crystals containing Se…O chalcogen bonding interactions. These secondary bonding interactions are found to operate independently of complementary intermolecular interactions in about 13% of the structures they can potentially form. This number rises significantly when more specific interactions are considered, e.g. Se…O(carbonyl) interactions occur in 50% of cases where they can potentially form. In about 55% of cases, the supramolecular assemblies sustained by Se…O(oxygen) interactions are one-dimensional architectures, with the next most prominent being zero-dimensional assemblies, at 30%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, 5 Jalan Universiti, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volkova YM, Makarov AY, Pritchina EA, Gritsan NP, Zibarev AV. Herz radicals: chemistry and materials science. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
6
|
Galmés B, Adrover J, Terraneo G, Frontera A, Resnati G. Radicalradical chalcogen bonds: CSD analysis and DFT calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12757-12765. [PMID: 32463046 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports a combination of crystallographic analysis (Cambridge Structural Database) and theoretical DFT calculations in chalcogen bonding interactions involving radicals in both the Ch bond (ChB) donor and acceptor. As a radical ChB acceptor (nucleophile) we have used benzodithiazolyl radical (BDTA) and as Ch bond donors (electrophile) we have used dithiadiazolyl and diselenadiazolyl radicals of the general formula p-X-C6F4-CNChChN (Ch = S, and Se). We have evaluated how the para substituent (X) affects the interaction energy, spin density and charge/spin transfer from the electron rich BDTA radical to the electron poor dichalcogenadiazolyl ring. The ability of the latter rings to form ChBs in the solid state has been examined by a comprehensive search in the CSD; several cases are used to exemplify the preferred geometric features of the complexes and they are compared with the theory. The molecular surface electrostatic potentials calculated for these ChB donors allow for a very precise rationalization of the self-assembly motifs most frequently adopted in the crystalline state and of their relative robustness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Jaume Adrover
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma (Baleares), Spain
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun L, Wang Y, Yang F, Zhang X, Hu W. Cocrystal Engineering: A Collaborative Strategy toward Functional Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902328. [PMID: 31322796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystal engineering with a noncovalent assembly feature by simple constituent units has inspired great interest and has emerged as an efficient and versatile route to construct functional materials, especially for the fabrication of novel and multifunctional materials, due to the collaborative strategy in the distinct constituent units. Meanwhile, the precise crystal architectures of organic cocrystals, with long-range order as well as free defects, offer the opportunity to unveil the structure-property and charge-transfer-property relationships, which are beneficial to provide some general rules in rational design and choice of functional materials. In this regard, an overview of organic cocrystals in terms of assembly, containing the intermolecular interactions and growth methods, two functionality-related factors including packing structure and charge-transfer nature, and those advanced and novel functionalities, is presented. An outlook of future research directions and challenges for organic cocrystal is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fangxu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|