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S K N, P R, Ann Babu S, John J, Hopf H. A Review on the Synthetic Methods towards Benzothienobenzothiophenes. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400019. [PMID: 38456791 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Benzothienobenzothiophenes (BTBTs) are a class of heteroacenes for which two distinct isomers have been identified depending on the locations of the fused benzothiophene motifs. Benzothienobenzothiophenes represent a class of heteroacenes demonstrating remarkable electronic properties that make them prominent in the realm of organic semiconductors. The structure of BTBTs, incorporating two sulfur atoms, contributes to their unique electronic characteristics, including narrow bandgaps and effective charge transport pathways. These compounds have gained attention for their high charge carrier mobility, making them desirable candidates for application in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and other electronic devices. Researchers have explored various synthetic strategies to design and tailor the properties of BTBT derivatives, leading to advancements in the development of high-performance organic semiconductors. Various synthetic techniques for benzothienobenzothiophenes have been reported in the literature including multistep synthesis, tandem transformations, electrochemical synthesis, and annulations. This review investigates the generality of each synthetic methodology by highlighting its benefits and drawbacks, and it analyses all synthetic approaches described for the creation of the two isomers. For the advantage of the readers, we have delved upon every mechanism of the reactions that are known. Finally, we have also summarized the synthetic methodologies that are used for making benzothienobenzothiophene analogues for material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana S K
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rahul P
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheba Ann Babu
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Henning Hopf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Alami M, Provot O. Recent advances in the synthesis of dibenzofurans. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1323-1345. [PMID: 38258989 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review reports recent accesses to the dibenzofuran nucleus described in the literature since 2008. This article starts with synthesizing dibenzofurans by creating the C-O bond of the furan ring. In the following section, we evoke the formation of dibenzofurans by cyclizing diarylether derivatives. The last part of this update concerns the construction of dibenzofurans from benzofuran or phenol derivatives. Representative examples showing the scope of these processes illustrate new approaches and biological activities of dibenzofurans. Reaction mechanisms explaining certain dibenzofuran formation are described, as suggested by their authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 94400, Orsay, France.
| | - Olivier Provot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 94400, Orsay, France.
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Wang H, Zhao H, Liu F, Bai L, Ba X, Wu Y. Effective synthesis of regular ladder-type oligo(p-phenol)s via intramolecular SNAr O-arylation reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hindenberg P, Belyaev A, Rominger F, Koshevoy IO, Romero-Nieto C. Two-Fold Intramolecular Phosphacyclization: From Fluorescent Diphosphapyrene Salts to Pentavalent Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6391-6396. [PMID: 36040429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of π-extended pyrene-based luminescent compounds containing two six-membered phosphacycles has been realized through a two-step synthesis. It involves a Cu(II)-mediated double cyclization of tertiary diphosphane derivatives to afford dicationic molecules with quaternized phosphorus centers. Subsequent transformation of diphosphonium species into the corresponding P-oxide derivatives has been successfully achieved through Pd(0)-assisted cleavage of the P-Ph bonds, which opens a promising way for the functionalization of polyaromatic P-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Carlos Romero-Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Calle Almansa 14 - Edif. Bioincubadora, 02008 Albacete, Spain
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Zhu X, Liu F, Ba X, Wu Y. Synthesis of Ladder-Type 9,9'-Bifluorenylidene-Based Conjugated Oligomers via a Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Suzuki Coupling/Heck Cyclization Approach. Org Lett 2022; 24:5851-5854. [PMID: 35904327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For new ladder-type oligomers and polymers with versatile and robust synthetic strategies, in this study, four fully conjugated ladder-type overcrowded 9,9'-bifluorenylidene-based compounds and oligomers (BFY1, BFY2, BFY3, and BFY4) were synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed tandem Suzuki coupling/Heck cyclization reaction. By monomer screening and route optimization, the target products were obtained in high yields and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, PR China
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Fujita T, Fukuda T, Suzuki N, Ichikawa J. Rapid Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Heteroaromatics via Successive Vinylic/Aromatic C–F Bond Activation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Division of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Takuya Fukuda
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Division of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Division of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- University of Tsukuba Department of Chemistry 1-1-1 Tennodai 305-8571 Tsukuba JAPAN
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Takayama R, Amsharov KY. Facile Synthesis of Thienoacenes via Transition-Metal-Free Ladderization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14759-14766. [PMID: 34672595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile transition-metal-free approach to sulfur-containing heteroacenes from fluorinated oligophenylenes. Unlike most existing methods, the presented approach is not restricted to simple dibenzothiophene derivatives and thus appears to be a useful tool for the synthesis of extended sulfur-containing heteroacenes. The incorporation of sulfur is unambiguously preprogrammed via the positions of fluorines in the precursors, allowing the selective synthesis of extended thienoacenes with up to 96% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ryo Takayama
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Yu Amsharov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,South Ural State University, pr. Lenina 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Biagiotti G, Perini I, Richichi B, Cicchi S. Novel Synthetic Approach to Heteroatom Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Optimizing the Bottom-Up Approach to Atomically Precise Doped Nanographenes. Molecules 2021; 26:6306. [PMID: 34684887 PMCID: PMC8537472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of the rational bottom-up approach to nanostructured carbon materials and the discovery of the importance of their doping with heteroatoms puts under the spotlight all synthetic organic approaches to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The construction of atomically precise heteroatom doped nanographenes has evidenced the importance of controlling its geometry and the position of the doping heteroatoms, since these parameters influence their chemical-physical properties and their applications. The growing interest towards this research topic is testified by the large number of works published in this area, which have transformed a once "fundamental research" into applied research at the cutting edge of technology. This review analyzes the most recent synthetic approaches to this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilaria Perini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (G.B.); (I.P.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti, 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds, ICCOM-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Takayama R, Amsharov K. Transition-metal free synthesis of N-aryl carbazoles and their extended analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7172-7175. [PMID: 34369949 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00940k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a facile synthesis of N-arylated carbazoles via ladderization of fluorinated oligophenylenes. The reaction consists of two subsequent nucleophilic substitutions triggered by an electronic transfer from dimsyl anions. The reaction allows the effective one-pot formation of at least six C-N bonds with pronounced selectivity to the C-F bond placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Takayama R, Amsharov K. Catalyst-Free Synthesis of O-Heteroacenes by Ladderization of Fluorinated Oligophenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5199-5203. [PMID: 32924244 PMCID: PMC7986400 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel catalyst-free approach to benzoannulated oxygen-containing heterocycles from fluorinated oligophenylenes is reported. Unlike existing methods, the presented reaction does not require an oxygen-containing precursor and relies on an external oxygen source, potassium tert-butoxide, which serves as an O2- synthon. The radical nature of the reaction facilitates nucleophilic substitution even in the presence of strong electron-donating groups and enables de-tert-butylation required for the complete annulation. Also demonstrated is the applicability of the method to introduce five-, six-, and seven-membered rings containing oxygen, whereas multiple annulations also open up a short synthetic path to ladder-type O-heteroacenes and oligodibenzofurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
- Institute of ChemistryOrganic ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
- Institute of ChemistryOrganic ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
| | - Ryo Takayama
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyOrganic Chemistry IINikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
- Institute of ChemistryOrganic ChemistryMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergKurt-Mothes-Strasse 206120HalleGermany
- South Ural State Universitypr. Lenina 76454080ChelyabinskRussia
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