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Zhi YS, Chen T, Liang BF, Jiang S, Yao DH, He ZD, Li CY, He L, Pan ZY. Endoplasmic reticulum-targeted iridium(III) photosensitizer induces pyroptosis for augmented tumor immunotherapy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 260:112695. [PMID: 39153452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
An ideal tumor treatment strategy involves therapeutic approaches that can enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment while simultaneously eliminating the primary tumor. A cholic acid-modified iridium(III) (Ir3) photosensitizer, targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has been reported to exhibit potent type I and type II photodynamic therapeutic effects against triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). This photosensitizer induces pyroptotic cell death mediated by gasdermin E (GSDME) through photodynamic means and enhances tumor immunotherapy. Mechanistic studies have revealed that complex Ir3 induces characteristics of damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells under light conditions. These include cell-surface calreticulin (CRT) eversion, extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and ATP release, accompanied by ER stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, complex Ir3 promotes dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation under light conditions, fully activates T cell-dependent immune response in vivo, and ultimately eliminates distant tumors while destroying primary tumors. In conclusion, immune regulation and targeted intervention mediated by metal complexes represent a new and promising approach to tumor therapy. This provides an effective strategy for the development of combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shi Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.; School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin-Fa Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Da-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Chen-Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China..
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2
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Szymaszek P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Ortyl J. Iridium(III) complexes as novel theranostic small molecules for medical diagnostics, precise imaging at a single cell level and targeted anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116648. [PMID: 38968786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Medical applications of iridium (III) complexes include their use as state-of-the-art theranostic agents - molecules that combine therapeutic and diagnostic functions into a single entity. These complexes offer a promising avenue in medical diagnostics, precision imaging at single-cell resolution and targeted anticancer therapy due to their unique properties. In this review we report a short summary of their application in medical diagnostics, imaging at single-cell level and targeted anticancer therapy. The exceptional photophysical properties of Iridium (III) complexes, including their brightness and photostability, make them excellent candidates for bioimaging. They can be used to image cellular processes and the microenvironment within single cells with unprecedented clarity, aiding in the understanding of disease mechanisms at the molecular level. Moreover the iridium (III) complexes can be designed to selectively target cancer cells,. Upon targeting, these complexes can act as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation to induce cell death. The integration of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities in Iridium (III) complexes offers the potential for a holistic approach to cancer treatment, enabling not only the precise eradication of cancer cells but also the real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy and disease progression. This aligns with the goals of personalized medicine, offering hope for more effective and less invasive cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Szymaszek
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155, Kraków, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland; Photo4Chem ltd., Juliusza Lea 114/416A-B, 31-133, Kraków, Poland.
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3
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Li Y, Liu B, Zheng Y, Hu M, Liu LY, Li CR, Zhang W, Lai YX, Mao ZW. Photoinduction of Ferroptosis and cGAS-STING Activation by a H 2S-Responsive Iridium(III) Complex for Cancer-Specific Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:16235-16247. [PMID: 39250558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Triggering ferroptosis represents a promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, but the development of a selective ferroptosis inducer for cancer-specific therapy remains a great challenge. Herein, a H2S-responsive iridium(III) complex NA-Ir has been well-designed as a ferroptosis inducer. NA-Ir could selectively light up H2S-rich cancer cells, primarily localize in mitochondria, intercalate into mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and induce mtDNA damage, exhibiting higher anticancer activity under light irradiation. Mechanistic studies showed that NA-Ir-mediated PDT triggered lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase 4 downregulation through ROS production and GSH depletion, resulting in ferroptosis through multiple pathways. Moreover, the intense mtDNA damage can activate the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of the interferon gene (cGAS-STING) pathway, leading to ferritinophagy and further ferroptosis. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that NA-Ir-mediated PDT mainly affects the expression of genes related to ferroptosis, autophagy, and cancer immunity. This study demonstrates the first cancer-specific example with ferroptosis and cGAS-STING activation, which provides a new strategy for multimodal synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Ben Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Yi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Rong Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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4
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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Leveraging the Photofunctions of Transition Metal Complexes for the Design of Innovative Phototherapeutics. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400563. [PMID: 39319499 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advent of various medical interventions for cancer treatment, the disease continues to pose a formidable global health challenge, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches for more effective treatment outcomes. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which utilizes light to activate a photosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for eradicating cancer cells, has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment due to its high spatiotemporal precision and minimal invasiveness. However, the widespread clinical use of PDT faces several challenges, including the inefficient production of ROS in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, the limited penetration depth of light in biological tissues, and the inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site. Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in the utilization of photofunctional transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for PDT applications due to their intriguing photophysical and photochemical properties. This review provides an overview of the current design strategies used in the development of transition metal complexes as innovative phototherapeutics, aiming to address the limitations associated with PDT and achieve more effective treatment outcomes. The current challenges and future perspectives on the clinical translation of transition metal complexes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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5
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Cooke L, Gristwood K, Adamson K, Sims MT, Deary ME, Bruce D, Antoniou AN, Walden HR, Knight JC, Antoine-Brunet T, Joly M, Goyard D, Lanoë PH, Berthet N, Kozhevnikov VN. Annealing 1,2,4-triazine to iridium(III) complexes induces luminogenic behaviour in bioorthogonal reactions with strained alkynes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:15501-15508. [PMID: 39246105 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01499e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A phenanthroline-type ligand containing an annealed 1,2,4-triazine ring was used to prepare novel Ir(III) complexes 3 and 4. The complexes are non-luminescent but show luminogenic behaviour following the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with bicyclononyne (BCN) derivatives. It was observed that the complexes react with BCN-C10 faster than the corresponding free ligands. The magnitude of this accelerating metal-coordination effect, however, is less profound than in previously reported Ir(III) complexes of 1,2,4-triazines, in which the triazine was directly coordinated to the Ir(III) metal centre. Nevertheless, luminogenic behaviour opens prospects for the use of such complexes in bioimaging applications, which was demonstrated by developing a convenient methodology using the "chemistry on the complex" concept for labelling antibodies with luminescent Ir(III) complexes. The bioorthogonal reactivity of complex 4 was demonstrated by metabolically labelling live cells with BCN groups, followed by a luminogenic IEDDA reaction with the triazine iridium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Cooke
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Katie Gristwood
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kate Adamson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Mark T Sims
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Michael E Deary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Dawn Bruce
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Antony N Antoniou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Hannah R Walden
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - James C Knight
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Marie Joly
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Goyard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Nathalie Berthet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valery N Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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6
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Zhang L, Li B, Duan W, Sun X, Kai Y, Zhou H, Tian Y, Li D. Dramatically Enhancing Multiphoton Harvesting Metal-Organic Frameworks for NIR-II Photocatalysis through Functional Regulation of Octupolar Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:47348-47356. [PMID: 39223076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective multiphoton absorption (MPA) materials for near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photocatalysis holds great significance. In this study, we incorporated two multibranched cyclometallated iridium(III) modules with varying degrees of conjugation onto MPA-inert metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to active MPA performance. Subsequently, the MOFs were further modified with Co(II) and hyaluronic acid (HA) to fabricate MINCH and MISCH, respectively. By introducing octupolar molecules and expanding the conjugation, MISCH exhibited a larger MPA cross section for efficient NIR light absorption and improved carrier transfer, leading to outstanding NIR light-driven multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen production. Moreover, the HA modification enabled MISCH to achieve specific multiphoton photocatalytic hydrogen therapy for cancer cells. This study provides valuable insights into constructing highly active MPA materials for NIR light-driven photocatalysis, presenting a potential platform for hydrogen therapy in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenyao Duan
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xianshun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhong Kai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang Q, Chen D, Liu X, Deng Z, Li J, Zhu S, Ma B, Liu R, Zhu H. High Photocytotoxicity Iridium(III) Complex Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy Induces Antitumor Effect Through GPX4-Dependent Ferroptosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403165. [PMID: 39246173 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of small molecule photosensitizers based on iridium complex is limited by the mismatch between therapeutic effect and systemic toxicity, as well as the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying cell death induction. Herein, a small molecule iridium complex IrC with high photocytotoxicity is synthesized, with half maximal inhibitory concentration as low as 91 nm, demonstrating excellent anti-tumor, relief of splenomegaly, and negligible side effects. Starting from the factors of effective photosensitizers, the in-depth theoretical analysis on photon absorption efficiency, energy transfer level matching, and properties of the triplet excited state of IrC is conducted. This also elucidates the feasibility of generating the high singlet oxygen quantum yield. In addition, the death mechanism induced by IrC is focused, innovatively utilizing GPX4-overexpression and GPX4-knockout cells via CRISPR/Cas9 technique to comprehensively verify ferroptosis and its further molecular mechanism. The generation of ROS mediated by IrC, along with the direct inhibition of GPX4 and glutathione, synergistically increased cellular oxidative stress and the level of lipid peroxidation. This study provides an effective approach for small molecule complexes to induce GPX4-dependent ferroptosis at low-dose photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Dezhi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhewen Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Senqiang Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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8
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Liu S, Chen H, Wu Q, Sun Y, Pei Y, Wang Z, Zhu D, Li G, Bryce MR, Chang Y. Self-Chemiluminescence-Triggered Ir(III) Complex Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16404-16417. [PMID: 39150967 PMCID: PMC11372751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
The limited optical penetration depth and hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) are key factors that hinder the practical applications of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). To fundamentally address these issues, self-luminescent photosensitizers (PSs) can achieve efficient PDT. Herein, a self-chemiluminescence (CL)-triggered Ir complex PS, namely, IrL2, with low-O2-dependence type I photochemical processes is reported for efficient PDT. The rational design achieves efficient chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) from covalently bonded luminol units to the Ir complex in IrL2 under the catalysis of H2O2 and hemoglobin (Hb) to generate O2•- and 1O2. Liposome IrL2H nanoparticles (NPs) are constructed by loading IrL2 and Hb. The intracellular H2O2 and loaded Hb catalyze the luminol part of IrL2H, and the Ir2 part is then excited to produce types I and II reactive oxygen species (ROS) through CRET, inducing cell death, even under hypoxic conditions, and promoting cell apoptosis. IrL2H is used for tumor imaging and inhibits tumor growth in 4T1-bearing mouse models through intratumoral injection without external light sources. This work provides new designs for transition metal complex PSs that conquer the limitations of external light sources and the hypoxic TME in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, P. R. China
| | - Gungzhe Li
- Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Health Food of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130117, P. R. China
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Yulei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin Province 130033, P. R. China
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9
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Sun X, Zhou X, Shi X, Abed OA, An X, Lei YL, Moon JJ. Strategies for the development of metalloimmunotherapies. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:1073-1091. [PMID: 38914800 PMCID: PMC11410547 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal ions play crucial roles in the regulation of immune pathways. In fact, metallodrugs have a long record of accomplishment as effective treatments for a wide range of diseases. Here we argue that the modulation of interactions of metal ions with molecules and cells involved in the immune system forms the basis of a new class of immunotherapies. By examining how metal ions modulate the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as host-microbiota interactions, we discuss strategies for the development of such metalloimmunotherapies for the treatment of cancer and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Editas Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omar A Abed
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinran An
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Leo Lei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Translational Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Bu Y, Yu ZP, Lu Z, Wang H, Deng Y, Zhu X, Zhou H. In situ self-assembled near-infrared phototherapeutic agent: unleashing hydrogen free radicals and coupling with NADPH oxidation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12559-12568. [PMID: 39118605 PMCID: PMC11304770 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigation of electron transfer (ET) between photosensitizers (PSs) and adjacent substrates in hypoxic tumors is integral to highly efficient tumor therapy. Herein, the oxygen-independent ET pathway to generate hydrogen free radicals (H˙) was established by the in situ self-assembled phototherapeutic agent d-ST under near-infrared (NIR)-light irradiation, coupled with the oxidation of reduced coenzyme NADPH, which induced ferroptosis and effectively elevated the therapeutic performance in hypoxic tumors. The higher surface energy and longer exciton lifetimes of the fine crystalline d-ST nanofibers were conducive to improving ET efficiency. In hypoxic conditions, the excited d-ST can effectively transfer electrons to water to yield H˙, during which the overexpressed NADPH with rich electrons can power the electron flow to facilitate the generation of H˙, accompanied by NADP+ formation, disrupting cellular homeostasis and triggering ferroptosis. Tumor-bearing mouse models further showed that d-ST accomplished excellent phototherapy efficacy. This work sheds light onto the versatile electron pathways between PSs and biological substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcui Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P.R. China
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Agricultural University P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University P.R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology P.R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of Education Hefei 230601 P.R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University P.R. China
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11
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Tan Z, Lin M, Liu J, Wu H, Chao H. Cyclometalated iridium(III) tetrazine complexes for mitochondria-targeted two-photon photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12917-12926. [PMID: 39028267 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The fast-moving field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has provided fresh opportunities to expand the potential of metallodrugs to combat cancers in a light-controlled manner. As such, in the present study, a series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes modified with a tetrazine functional group (namely, Ir-ppy-Tz, Ir-pbt-Tz, and Ir-dfppy-Tz) are developed as potential two-photon photodynamic anticancer agents. These complexes target mitochondria but exhibit low toxicity towards HLF primary lung fibroblast normal cells in the dark. When receiving a low-dose one- or two-photon PDT, they become highly potent towards A549 lung cancer cells (with IC50 values ranging from 24.0 nM to 96.0 nM) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce mitochondrial damage and subsequent apoptosis. Our results indicated that the incorporation of tetrazine with cyclometalated Ir(III) matrices would increase the singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (ΦΔ) and, meanwhile, enable a type I PDT mechanism. Ir-pbt-Tz, with the largest two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section (σ2 = 102 GM), shows great promise in serving as a two-photon PDT agent for phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanru Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangping Liu
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
| | - Huihui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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12
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Lv A, Li G, Zhang P, Tao R, Li X, Ren X, Li P, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Design and anticancer behaviour of cationic/neutral half-sandwich iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112612. [PMID: 38761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the exploration of organometallic iridium(III) (IrIII) complexes for their potential as metallic anticancer drugs. In this study, twelve half-sandwich IrIII imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes were prepared and characterized. Complexes exhibited promising in-vitro anti-proliferative activity, and some are obviously superior to cisplatin towards A549 cells. These complexes possessed suitable fluorescence, and a non-energy-dependent uptake pathway was identified, subsequently leading to their accumulation in the lysosome and the lysosomal damage. Additionally, complexes could inhibit the cell cycle (G1-phase) and catalyze intracellular NADH oxidation, thus substantiating the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which confirming the oxidative mechanism. Western blotting further confirmed that complexes could induce A549 cell apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway, which was inconsistent with cisplatin. In summary, these complexes offer fresh concepts for the development of organometallic non‑platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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13
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Feng T, Tang Z, Shu J, Wu X, Jiang H, Chen Z, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. A Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complex Induces Oncosis for Synergistic Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405679. [PMID: 38771671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
An optimal cancer chemotherapy regimen should effectively address the drug resistance of tumors while eliciting antitumor-immune responses. Research has shown that non-apoptotic cell death, such as pyroptosis and ferroptosis, can enhance the immune response. Despite this, there has been limited investigation and reporting on the mechanisms of oncosis and its correlation with immune response. Herein, we designed and synthesized a Ru(II) complex that targeted the nucleus and mitochondria to induce cell oncosis. Briefly, the Ru(II) complex disrupts the nucleus and mitochondria DNA, which active polyADP-ribose polymerase 1, accompanied by ATP consumption and porimin activation. Concurrently, mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress result in the release of Ca2+ ions and increased expression of Calpain 1. Subsequently, specific pore proteins porimin and Calpain 1 promote cristae destruction or vacuolation, ultimately leading to cell membrane rupture. The analysis of RNA sequencing demonstrates that the Ru(II) complex can initiate the oncosis-associated pathway and activate both innate and adaptive immunity. In vivo experiments have confirmed that oncosis promotes dendritic cell maturation and awakens adaptive cytotoxic T lymphocytes but also activates the innate immune by inducing the polarization of macrophages towards an M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Shu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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14
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Zhu L, Wang X, Tian T, Chen Y, Du W, Wei W, Zhao J, Guo Z, Wang X. A Λ-Ir(iii)-phenylquinazolinone complex enhances ferroptosis by selectively inhibiting metallothionein-1. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10499-10507. [PMID: 38994430 PMCID: PMC11234820 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chirality plays an indispensable role in various biological processes, and interactions between chiral enantiomers and biomolecular targets provide new perspectives in precision drug development. While ferroptosis has received increasing attention as a novel pathway to reverse drug resistance, work on the design of precise ferroptosis-targeting molecules through chiral programming was limited. In this work, we designed and synthesized a pair of chirality-dependent ferroptosis-inducing Ir(iii)-phenylquinazolinone complexes (Δ-IrPPQ and Λ-IrPPQ) by inhibiting ferroptosis suppressor protein-1 (FSP1), while the pair of IrPPQ complexes induced extremely different ferroptosis effects as well as distinct photodynamic therapy (PDT) responses toward pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, this chirality-dependent biological mechanism through proteomic analysis and molecular simulation revealed that the specific binding and inhibition of metallothionein-1 (MT1) by Λ-IrPPQ sensitized cancer cells to ferroptosis, inducing a burst of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and inactivation of FSP1. While in comparison, Δ-IrPPQ induced mild ferroptotic cell death. Through simple chiral resolution, the obtained Λ-IrPPQ achieved precise regulation of ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. This work provides new insights into the design of chiral ferroptosis-inducing metallodrugs for future pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xingyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Tian Tian
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenjing Du
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator Jiangbei New Area Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Sino-Danish Ecolife Science Industrial Incubator Jiangbei New Area Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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15
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Sun M, Shang X, Liu X, Lu Z, Di J. Synthesis and performance of a nanosensing platform for homocysteine detection: A series of iridium(III) complexes containing aldehyde group as probe and MOF as supporting substrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124257. [PMID: 38615414 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The low cost and simple detection method for Hcy (homocysteine) is highly desired in analytical and biological fields since Hcy has been regarded as a bio-marker for multiple diseases. In this work, five Ir(C^N)2(N^N)+ compounds having -CHO group in their C^N or N^N ligand were synthesized and tried for Hcy sensing. Electron-donating groups such as -NH2 and -CH3 were incorporated into the C^N or N^N ligand. Their geometric structure, electronic structure, and optical parameters (with or without Hcy) were analyzed and compared carefully to explore their Hcy sensing potential. The sensing mechanism was revealed by NMR titration and theoretical simulation as a cyclization reaction between the -CHO group and Hcy. The optimal compounds, which showed increased emission quantum yield (2.5-fold) and emission blue-shift (by ∼ 100 nm) upon Hcy, were then covalently grafted into a porous host bio-MOF-1. Linear working plots were fitted, with good selectivity, LOD of 0.15 μM, and response time of 33 s. The novelty of this work was the eye-sensitive emission color change of this nanosensing platform from red (without Hcy) to green (with Hcy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China.
| | - Zuoyu Lu
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China
| | - Jun Di
- Jilin Engineering Normal University, College of Biological and Food Engineering, No.3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130052, PR China
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16
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Li D, Fan M, Wang H, Zhu Y, Yu B, Zhang P, Huang H. Facile synthesis of a hydrazone-based zinc(ii) complex for ferroptosis-augmented sonodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10027-10035. [PMID: 38966369 PMCID: PMC11220576 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), as a novel non-invasive cancer treatment modality derived from photodynamic therapy (PDT), has drawn much attention due to its unique advantages for the treatment of deep tumors. Zinc-based complexes have shown great clinical prospect in PDT due to their excellent photodynamic activity and biosafety. However, their application in SDT has lagged seriously behind. Exploring efficient zinc-based complexes as sono-sensitizers remains an appealing but significantly challenging task. Herein, we develop a hydrazone ligand-based zinc complex (ZnAMTC) for SDT of tumors in vitro and in vivo. ZnAMTC was facilely synthesized via a two-step reaction from low-cost raw materials without tedious purification. It shows negligible dark toxicity and can produce singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, exhibiting high sono-cytotoxicity to various cancer cells. Mechanism studies show that ZnAMTC can effectively reduce the levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) under US irradiation and later cause ferroptosis of cancer cells. In vivo studies further demonstrate that ZnAMTC exhibits efficient tumor growth inhibition under US irradiation and has good biosafety. This work provides useful insights into the design of first-row transition metal complexes for SDT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Minghui Fan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Haobing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Bole Yu
- Laboratory of Life Science, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University No. 66, Gongchang Road Shenzhen 518107 China
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17
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Ren Q, Wang H, Li D, Dao A, Luo J, Wang D, Zhang P, Huang H. An Electron Donor-Acceptor Structured Rhenium(I) Complex Photo-Sensitizer Evokes Mutually Reinforcing "Closed-Loop" Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304067. [PMID: 38597369 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors severely lowers the efficacy of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT). The development of hypoxia-tolerant photosensitizers for PDT is an urgent requirement. In this study, a novel rhenium complex (Re-TTPY) to develop a "closed-loop" therapy based on PDT-induced ferroptosis and immune therapy is reported. Due to its electron donor-acceptor (D-A) structure, Re-TTPY undergoes energy transfer and electron transfer processes under 550 nm light irradiation and displays hypoxia-tolerant type I/II combined PDT capability, which can generate 1O2, O2 -, and ·OH simultaneously. Further, the reactive oxygen species (ROSs) leads to the depletion of 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and glutathione (GSH). As a result, ferroptosis occurs in cells, simultaneously triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD), and promotes the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and infiltration of T cells. The release of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by CD8+ T cells downregulates the expression of GPX4, further enhancing the occurrence of ferroptosis, and thereby, forming a mutually reinforcing "closed-loop" therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haobing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anyi Dao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Deliang Wang
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, East 2nd Ring Rd. No. 759, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Shenzhen campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No.66, Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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18
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Zhang GD, Wang MM, Su Y, Fang H, Xue XL, Liu HK, Su Z. Mitochondria-targeted ruthenium complexes can be generated in vitro and in living cells to target triple-negative breast cancer cells by autophagy inhibition. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 256:112574. [PMID: 38677004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which owned severe resistance to platinum-based anticancer agents. Herein, we report a new metal-arene complex, Ru-TPE-PPh3, which can be synthesized in vitro and in living cells with copper catalyzed the cycloaddition reaction of Ru-azide and alkynyl (CuAAC). The complex Ru-TPE-PPh3 exhibited superior inhibition of the proliferation of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 4.0 μM. Ru-TPE-PPh3 could induce the over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate the oxidative stress, and further damage the mitochondria both functionally and morphologically, as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cutting the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the disappearance of cristae structure. Moreover, the damaged mitochondria evoked the occurrence of mitophagy with the autophagic flux blockage and cell death. The complex Ru-TPE-PPh3 also demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative activity in 3D MDA-MB-231 multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs), indicating the potential to inhibit solid tumors in living cells. This study not only provided a potent agent for the TNBC treatment, but also demonstrated the universality of the bioorthogonally catalyzed lethality (BCL) strategy through CuAAC reation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Dong Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Ling Xue
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhi Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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19
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Ruan ML, Ni WX, Chu JCH, Lam TL, Law KC, Zhang Y, Yang G, He Y, Zhang C, Fung YME, Liu T, Huang T, Lok CN, Chan SLF, Che CM. Iridium(III) carbene complexes as potent girdin inhibitors against metastatic cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316615121. [PMID: 38861602 PMCID: PMC11194514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316615121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Many cancer-driving protein targets remain undruggable due to a lack of binding molecular scaffolds. In this regard, octahedral metal complexes with unique and versatile three-dimensional structures have rarely been explored as inhibitors of undruggable protein targets. Here, we describe antitumor iridium(III) pyridinium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex 1a, which profoundly reduces the viability of lung and breast cancer cells as well as cancer patient-derived organoids at low micromolar concentrations. Compound 1a effectively inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer xenograft tumors, impedes the metastatic spread of breast cancer cells, and can be modified into an antibody-drug conjugate payload to achieve precise tumor delivery in mice. Identified by thermal proteome profiling, an important molecular target of 1a in cellulo is Girdin, a multifunctional adaptor protein that is overexpressed in cancer cells and unequivocally serves as a signaling hub for multiple pivotal oncogenic pathways. However, specific small-molecule inhibitors of Girdin have not yet been developed. Notably, 1a exhibits high binding affinity to Girdin with a Kd of 1.3 μM and targets the Girdin-linked EGFR/AKT/mTOR/STAT3 cancer-driving pathway, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and metastatic activity. Our study reveals a potent Girdin-targeting anticancer compound and demonstrates that octahedral metal complexes constitute an untapped library of small-molecule inhibitors that can fit into the ligand-binding pockets of key oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Ruan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan430079, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Ni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jacky C. H. Chu
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz-Lung Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Chung Law
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanya Yang
- AI And Life Sciences Institute (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying He
- AI And Life Sciences Institute (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharon Lai-Fung Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Biology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Shi XL, Yang J, Zhang Y, Qin P, Zhou HY, Chen YZ. The photoactivated antifungal activity and possible mode of action of sodium pheophorbide a on Diaporthe mahothocarpus causing leaf spot blight in Camellia oleifera. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1403478. [PMID: 38939192 PMCID: PMC11208333 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1403478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a natural plant-derived photosensitizer, with high photoactivated antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. However, its fungicidal effect on Diaporthe mahothocarpus, a novel pathogen that causes Camellia oleifera leaf spot blight, is unclear. Methods In the present study, we explored its inhibitory effects on spore germination and mycelial growth of D. mahothocarpus. Then we determined its effects on the cell membrane, mycelial morphology, redox homeostasis, and cell death through bioassay. Finally, RNA-seq was used further to elucidate its mode of action at the transcriptional level. Results We found that SPA effectively inhibited the growth of D. mahothocarpus, with half-maximal effective concentrations to inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of 1.059 and 2.287 mg/mL, respectively. After 1.0 mg/mL SPA treatment, the conductivity and malondialdehyde content of D. mahothocarpus were significantly increased. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that SPA significantly affected the morphology and ultrastructure of D. mahothocarpus hyphae, revealing that SPA can destroy the mycelial morphology and cell structure, especially the cell membrane of D. mahothocarpus. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that SPA significantly suppressed the expression of genes involved in morphology, cell membrane permeability, and oxidative stress. Then, we also found that SPA significantly promoted the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in of D. mahothocarpus, while it decreased the content of reduced glutathione, inhibited the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and exacerbated DNA damage. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining also confirmed that 1.0 mg/mL SPA could significantly induce apoptosis and necrosis. Discussion Generally, SPA can induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress and cell death, thus destroying the cell membrane and hyphal morphology, and ultimately inhibiting mycelial growth, which indicates that SPA has multiple modes of action, providing a scientific basis for the use of SPA as an alternative plant-derived photoactivated fungicide against C. oleifera leaf spot blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Long Shi
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Piao Qin
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - He-Ying Zhou
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun-Ze Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
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21
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Su Y, Liu B, Wang B, Chan L, Xiong C, Lu L, Zhang X, Zhan M, He W. Progress and Challenges in Tumor Ferroptosis Treatment Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Metal Complexes and Nanomedicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310342. [PMID: 38221682 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death featuring iron-dependent lipid peroxides accumulation to kill tumor cells. A growing body of evidence has shown the potential of ferroptosis-based cancer therapy in eradicating refractory malignancies that are resistant to apoptosis-based conventional therapies. In recent years, studies have reported a number of ferroptosis inducers that can increase the vulnerability of tumor cells to ferroptosis by regulating ferroptosis-related signaling pathways. Encouraged by the rapid development of ferroptosis-driven cancer therapies, interdisciplinary fields that combine ferroptosis, pharmaceutical chemistry, and nanotechnology are focused. First, the prerequisites and metabolic pathways for ferroptosis are briefly introduced. Then, in detail emerging ferroptosis inducers designed to boost ferroptosis-induced tumor therapy, including metal complexes, metal-based nanoparticles, and metal-free nanoparticles are summarized. Subsequently, the application of synergistic strategies that combine ferroptosis with apoptosis and other regulated cell death for cancer therapy, with emphasis on the use of both cuproptosis and ferroptosis to induce redox dysregulation in tumor and intracellular bimetallic copper/iron metabolism disorders during tumor treatment is discussed. Finally, challenges associated with clinical translation and potential future directions for potentiating cancer ferroptosis therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Binghan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Leung Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Chan Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Weiling He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, P. R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
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22
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Wang X, Feng JH, Zeng CM, Zhang ZS, Cao FL, Zhang WH, Chen JX, Young DJ. [Fe IIICl(TMPPH 2)][Fe IIICl 4] 2: A Stand-Alone Molecular Nanomedicine That Induces High Cytotoxicity by Ferroptosis. Molecules 2024; 29:2495. [PMID: 38893373 PMCID: PMC11173869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing clinically meaningful nanomedicines for cancer therapy requires the drugs to be effective, safe, simple, cheap, and easy to store. In the present work, we report that a simple cationic Fe(III)-rich salt of [FeIIICl(TMPPH2)][FeIIICl4]2 (Fe-TMPP) exhibits a superior anticancer performance on a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines, including breast, colorectal cancer, liver, pancreatic, prostate, and gastric cancers, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 0.098-3.97 μM (0.066-2.68 μg mL-1), comparable to the best-reported medicines. Fe-TMPP can form stand-alone nanoparticles in water without the need for extra surface modification or organic-solvent-assisted antisolvent precipitation. Critically, Fe-TMPP is TME-responsive (TME = tumor microenvironment), and can only elicit its function in the TME with overexpressed H2O2, converting H2O2 to the cytotoxic •OH to oxidize the phospholipid of the cancer cell membrane, causing ferroptosis, a programmed cell death process of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (C.-M.Z.); (Z.-S.Z.); (F.-L.C.)
| | - Jia-Hao Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Chun-Mei Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (C.-M.Z.); (Z.-S.Z.); (F.-L.C.)
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (C.-M.Z.); (Z.-S.Z.); (F.-L.C.)
| | - Feng-Lin Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (C.-M.Z.); (Z.-S.Z.); (F.-L.C.)
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (X.W.); (C.-M.Z.); (Z.-S.Z.); (F.-L.C.)
| | - Jin-Xiang Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - David J. Young
- Glasgow College UESTC, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
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23
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Lin X, Zheng M, Xiong K, Wang F, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Two-Photon Photodegradation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by a Ru(II) Complex: Inducing Ferroptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Tumor Cells. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8372-8382. [PMID: 38745549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Using photodynamic therapy (PDT) to trigger nonconventional cell death pathways has provided a new scheme for highly efficient and non-side effects to drug-resistant cancer therapies. Nonetheless, the unclear targets of available photosensitizers leave the manner of PDT-induced tumor cell death relatively unpredictable. Herein, we developed a novel Ru(II)-based photosensitizer, Ru-Poma. Possessing the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN-targeting moiety and high singlet oxygen yield of 0.96, Ru-Poma was demonstrated to specifically photodegrade endogenous CRBN, increase lipid peroxide, downregulate GPX4 and GAPDH expression, and consequently induce ferroptosis in cisplatin-resistant cancerous cells. Furthermore, with the deep penetration of two-photon excitation, Ru-Poma achieved drug-resistant circumvention in a 3D tumor cell model. Thus, we describe the first sample of the CRBN-targeting Ru(II) complex active in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mengsi Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Fa Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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24
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Aderinto SO, John T, Onawole A, Galleh RP, Thomas JA. Iridium(III)-based minor groove binding complexes as DNA photocleavage agents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7282-7291. [PMID: 38466178 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes containing the qtpy ligand (2':4,4'':4',4'''-quaterpyridyl) are known to be DNA intercalators or minor groove binders. In this study, new tricationic iridium(III) complexes of qtpy are reported. Both [Ir(bpy)2(qtpy)]3+1 and [Ir(phen)2(qtpy)]3+2 display good water solubility as chloride salts. The complexes possess high-energy excited states, which are quenched in the presence of duplex DNA and even by the mononucleotides guanosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate. Further studies reveal that although the complexes bind to quadruplex DNA, they display a preference for duplex structures, which are bound with an order of magnitude higher affinities than their isostructural dicationic RuII-analogues. Detailed molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the complexes are groove binders through the insertion of, predominantly, the qtpy ligand into the minor groove. Photoirradiation of 1 in the presence of plasmid DNA confirms that this class of complexes can function as synthetic photonucleases by cleaving DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Aderinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abdulmujeeb Onawole
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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25
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Kench T, Rahardjo A, Terrones GG, Bellamkonda A, Maher TE, Storch M, Kulik HJ, Vilar R. A Semi-Automated, High-Throughput Approach for the Synthesis and Identification of Highly Photo-Cytotoxic Iridium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401808. [PMID: 38404222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of new compounds with pharmacological properties is usually a lengthy, laborious and expensive process. Thus, there is increasing interest in developing workflows that allow for the rapid synthesis and evaluation of libraries of compounds with the aim of identifying leads for further drug development. Herein, we apply combinatorial synthesis to build a library of 90 iridium(III) complexes (81 of which are new) over two synthesise-and-test cycles, with the aim of identifying potential agents for photodynamic therapy. We demonstrate the power of this approach by identifying highly active complexes that are well-tolerated in the dark but display very low nM phototoxicity against cancer cells. To build a detailed structure-activity relationship for this class of compounds we have used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to determine some key electronic parameters and study correlations with the experimental data. Finally, we present an optimised semi-automated synthesise-and-test protocol to obtain multiplex data within 72 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kench
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Arielle Rahardjo
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Gianmarco G Terrones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Maher
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Marko Storch
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
- London Biofoundry, Imperial College Translation and Innovation Hub, W12 0BZ, London, UK
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, White City Campus, W12 0BZ, London, UK
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26
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Xu X, Zheng J, Liang N, Zhang X, Shabiti S, Wang Z, Yu S, Pan ZY, Li W, Cai L. Bioorthogonal/Ultrasound Activated Oncolytic Pyroptosis Amplifies In Situ Tumor Vaccination for Boosting Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9413-9430. [PMID: 38522084 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Personalized in situ tumor vaccination is a promising immunotherapeutic modality. Currently, seeking immunogenic cell death (ICD) to generate in situ tumor vaccines is still mired by insufficient immunogenicity and an entrenched immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, a series of tetrazine-functionalized ruthenium(II) sonosensitizers have been designed and screened for establishing a bioorthogonal-activated in situ tumor vaccine via oncolytic pyroptosis induction. Based on nanodelivery-augmented bioorthogonal metabolic glycoengineering, the original tumor is selectively remolded to introduce artificial target bicycle [6.1.0] nonyne (BCN) into cell membrane. Through specific bioorthogonal ligation with intratumoral BCN receptors, sonosensitizers can realize precise membrane-anchoring and synchronous click-activation in desired tumor sites. Upon ultrasound (US) irradiation, the activated sonosensitizers can intensively disrupt the cell membrane with dual type I/II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for a high-efficiency sonodynamic therapy (SDT). More importantly, the severe membrane damage can eminently evoke oncolytic pyroptosis to maximize tumor immunogenicity and reverse immunosuppressive TME, ultimately eliciting powerful and durable systemic antitumor immunity. The US-triggered pyroptosis is certified to effectively inhibit the growths of primary and distant tumors, and suppress tumor metastasis and recurrence in "cold" tumor models. This bioorthogonal-driven tumor-specific pyroptosis induction strategy has great potential for the development of robust in situ tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinling Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shayibai Shabiti
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zixi Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen 518024, China
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27
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Zhang W, Chen W, Fu F, Li MJ. Mitochondria-targeted ruthenium(II) complexes for photodynamic therapy and GSH detection in living cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5957-5965. [PMID: 38456809 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03701k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an emerging tumor therapy that kills tumor cells by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by photosensitizers. Mitochondria, as an important organelle, are the main generator of cellular ROS. Therefore, the development of photosensitizers capable of targeting mitochondria could significantly enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. In this study, two novel ruthenium(II) complexes, Ru-1 and Ru-2, were designed and synthesized, both of which were functionalized with α,β-unsaturated ketones for sensing of glutathione (GSH). The crystal structures of the two complexes were determined and they exhibited good recognition of GSH by off-on luminescence signals. The complex Ru-2 containing aromatic naphthalene can enter the cells and react with GSH to generate a strong luminescence signal that can be used to monitor intracellular GSH levels through imaging. Ru-2 also has an excellent mitochondrial localization ability with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.95, which demonstrates that it can efficiently target the mitochondria of tumor cells to enhance the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy as a photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Weibin Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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28
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Li W, Li T, Pan Y, Li S, Xu G, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang F. Designing a Mitochondria-Targeted Theranostic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex: Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance and Inhibiting Tumor Metastasis through Necroptosis and Immune Response. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3843-3859. [PMID: 38442035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
To develop a potential theranostic metal agent to reverse the resistance of cancer cells to cisplatin and effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, we proposed to design a cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complex based on the properties of the tumor environment (TME). To the end, we designed and synthesized a series of Ir(III) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes by modifying the hydrogen atom(s) of the N-3 position of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone compounds and the structure of cyclometalated Ir(III) dimers and then investigated their structure-activity and structure-fluorescence relationships to obtain an Ir(III) complex (Ir5) with remarkable fluorescence and cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Ir5 not only possesses mitochondria-targeted properties but also overcomes cisplatin resistance and effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Besides, we confirmed the anticancer mechanisms of Ir5 acting on different components in the TME: directly killing liver cancer cells by inducing necroptosis and activating the necroptosis-related immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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29
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Wang L, Fang X, Ling B, Wang F, Xia Y, Zhang W, Zhong T, Wang X. Research progress on ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1359453. [PMID: 38515787 PMCID: PMC10955106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1359453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of individuals are impacted by neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a great deal of energy and financial resources have been invested in disease-related research, breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The breakdown of cells usually happens together with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism that triggers neuronal loss is unknown. Lipid peroxidation, which is iron-dependent, causes a specific type of cell death called ferroptosis, and there is evidence its involvement in the pathogenic cascade of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific mechanisms are still not well known. The present article highlights the basic processes that underlie ferroptosis and the corresponding signaling networks. Furthermore, it provides an overview and discussion of current research on the role of ferroptosis across a variety of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Baodian Ling
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangsheng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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30
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Zheng J, Ge H, Guo M, Zhang T, Hu Q, Yao Q, Long S, Sun W, Fan J, Du J, Peng X. Photoinduced Cuproptosis with Tumor-Specific for Metastasis-Inhibited Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304407. [PMID: 37880907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death which guarantees to increase the efficacy of existing anticancer treatments that employ traditional apoptotic therapeutics. However, reducing the amount of undesirable Cu ions released in normal tissue and maximizing Cu-induced cuproptosis therapeutic effects at tumor sites are the major challenges. In this study, exploiting the chemical properties of copper ionophores and the tumor microenvironment, a novel method is developed for controlling the valence of copper ions that cause photoinduced cuproptosis in tumor cells. CJS-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) can selectively induce cuproptosis after cascade reactions through H2 O2 -triggered Cu2+ release, photoirradiation-induced superoxide radical (∙O2 - ) generation, and reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ by ∙O2 - . The generated reactive oxygen species can result in glutathione depletion and iron-sulfur cluster protein damage and further augmented cuproptosis. CJS-Cu NPs effectively suppressed tumor growth and downregulated the expression of metastasis-related proteins, contributing to the complete inhibition of lung metastasis. Ultimately, this study suggests novel avenues for the manipulation of cellular cuproptosis through photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Haoying Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Saran Long
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Da-lian, 116024, P. R. China
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Wei X, Li Y, Chen H, Gao R, Ning P, Wang Y, Huang W, Chen E, Fang L, Guo X, Lv C, Cheng Y. A Lysosome-Targeted Magnetic Nanotorquer Mechanically Triggers Ferroptosis for Breast Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302093. [PMID: 38095513 PMCID: PMC10916606 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Targeting ferroptosis has attracted exponential attention to eradicate cancer cells with high iron-dependent growth. Increasing the level of intracellular labile iron pool via small molecules and iron-containing nanomaterials is an effective approach to induce ferroptosis but often faces insufficient efficacy due to the fast drug metabolism and toxicity issues on normal tissues. Therefore, developing a long-acting and selective approach to regulate ferroptosis is highly demanded in cancer treatment. Herein, a lysosome-targeted magnetic nanotorquer (T7-MNT) is proposed as the mechanical tool to dynamically induce the endogenous Fe2+ pool outbreak for ferroptosis of breast cancer. T7-MNTs target lysosomes via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis in breast cancer cells. Under the programmed rotating magnetic field, T7-MNTs generate torques to trigger endogenous Fe2+ release by disrupting the lysosomal membrane. This magneto-mechanical manipulation can induce oxidative damage and antioxidant defense imbalance to boost frequency- and time-dependent lipid peroxidization. Importantly, in vivo studies show that T7-MNTs can efficiently trigger ferroptosis under the magnetic field and play as a long-acting physical inducer to boost ferrotherapy efficacy in combination with RSL3. It is anticipated that this dynamic targeted strategy can be coupled with current ferroptosis inducers to achieve enhanced efficacy and inspire the design of mechanical-based ferroptosis inducers for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wei
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yingze Li
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Rui Gao
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Peng Ning
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Wanxin Huang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Lan Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji University Cancer CenterShanghai200072China
| | - Xingrong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem CellsTaihe HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubei442000China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain‐Like IntelligenceShanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
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32
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Guo SL, Xiao YH, Pan BB, Su XC. Site-Specific Anchoring a Luminescent Tag in a Protein with Non-Emissive Iridium(III) Complex. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300798. [PMID: 38169080 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Site-specific modification of proteins with synthetic fluorescent tag effectively improves the resolution of imaging, and such a labeling method with negligible three-dimensional structural perturbations and minimal impact on the biological functions of proteins is of high interest to dissect the high-resolution activities of biomolecules in complex systems. To this end, several non-emissive iridium(III) complexes [Ir(C-N)2 (H2 O)2 ]+ OTF- (C-N denotes various cyclometalated ligands) were designed and synthesized. These complexes were tested for attaching a protein by coordinating to H/X (HisMet, HisHis, and HisCys) that are separated by i and i+4 in α-helix. Replacement of the two labile water ligands in the iridium(III) complex by a protein HisHis pair increases the luminescent intensity up to over 100 folds. This labeling approach has been demonstrated in a highly specific and efficient manner in a number of proteins, and it is also feasible for labeling target proteins in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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33
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Xing Z, Yan J, Miao Y, Ruan Y, Yao H, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Li G, Song Z, Peng Y, Huang J. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting Quinazolinone-Based Lipophilic Probe for Specific Photoinduced Ferroptosis and Its Induced Lipid Dynamic Regulation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1900-1913. [PMID: 38284969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lethal lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species occurs in different types of programmed cell death, especially in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis inducers, which serve as small-molecule probes, can provide insight into the mechanism of ferroptosis and facilitate drug discovery. The classical ferroptosis inducers indirectly lead to lipid peroxidation; thus, it is difficult to explore lipid regulation during the ferroptotic process. In this study, we designed two quinazolinone-based lipophilic probes BODIQPy-TPA and QPy-TPA, which proved to directly induce lipid peroxidation by light irradiation in vitro. The probe BODIQPy-TPA, which was mainly distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically triggered ferroptosis in B16 and HepG2 cells upon light irradiation. As a comparison, the probe QPy-TPA, which was mainly distributed in lipid droplets (LDs), induced cell death by a nonferroptotic pathway. Further lipidomic analysis revealed that these two probes caused different patterns of lipid regulation and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that ferroptosis might activate distinct lipid regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xing
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Yongxiang Miao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yawen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Haojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
| | - Youkang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yingqun Tang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, the "Double-First Class" Application Characteristic Discipline of Hunan Province (Pharmaceutical Science), Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Zhibin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. China
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34
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Zheng X, Liu M, Wu Y, Chen Y, He W, Guo Z. An AIE-based monofunctional Pt(ii) complex for photodynamic therapy through synergism of necroptosis-ferroptosis. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:141-147. [PMID: 38333194 PMCID: PMC10849126 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Side effects and drug resistance are among the major problems of platinum-based anticancer chemotherapies. Photodynamic therapy could show improved tumor targeting ability and better anticancer effect by region-selective light irradiation. Here, we report an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based monofunctional Pt(ii) complex (TTC-Pt), which shows enhanced singlet oxygen production by introduction of a Pt atom to elevate the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate. Moreover, TTC-Pt exhibits decent capacity of inhibition on tumor cell growth upon light irradiation, with negligible dark toxicity compared to the commonly used chemodrug cisplatin. Mechanistic study suggests that TTC-Pt enters HeLa cells via the endocytosis pathway and locates mainly in lysosomes, causing FSP1 down-regulation and intracellular lipid peroxidation accumulation under irradiation, finally leading to ferroptosis and necroptosis. The synergistic dual cell death pathways could help to kill apoptosis-resistant tumor cells. Therefore, TTC-Pt could serve as a potent antitumor photosensitizer, which overcomes the drug resistance with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Minglun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health Nanjing 210000 China
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35
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Zhou YC, Zhao TK, Tao SM, Wang P, Guan YC, Yang KP, Chen SQ, Pu XY. Recent Progress in Ferroptosis Induced Tumor Cell Death by Anti-tumor Metallic complexes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202301020. [PMID: 38149729 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes represented by platinum complexes play a very important role in cancer treatment due to their diverse chemical structures and anti-tumor activities. Recently, ferroptosis has emerged as a newly occurring cell death form in the anti-tumor process. It has been reported that metal complexes could inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of tumors and combat chemotherapy resistance by targeting ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe ferroptosis as a fundamental process for tumor suppression and triggering anti-tumor immune responses. We summarize recent developments on metal complexes that induce ferroptosis. Finally, we outline the prospects for the application of metal complexes to the treatment of tumors based on ferroptosis and the associated problems that need to be solved, and discussed other potential research directions of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Kun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Si-Man Tao
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Chen Guan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Pei Yang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Chen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ying Pu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P.R. China
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36
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Zhuang J, Ma Z, Li N, Chen H, Yang L, Lu Y, Guo K, Zhao N, Tang BZ. Molecular Engineering of Plasma Membrane and Mitochondria Dual-Targeted NIR-II AIE Photosensitizer Evoking Synergetic Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309488. [PMID: 37988801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy provides a noninvasive and spatiotemporal controllable paradigm to inhibit the evasion of the programmed cell death (PCD) of tumors. However, conventional photosensitizers (PSs) often induce a single PCD process, resulting in insufficient photodamage and severely impeding their application scopes. In this study, molecular engineering is conducted by adjusting electron donors to develop an aggregation-induced NIR-II emissive PS (DPITQ) for plasma membrane and mitochondria dual-targeted tumor therapy by evoking synergetic pyroptosis and apoptosis. DPITQ displays boosted type I and II reactive oxygen species generation as well as a high photothermal conversion efficacy (43%) after laser irradiation of 635 nm. The excellent biocompatibility and appropriate lipophilicity help the DPITQ to specifically anchor in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of cancer cells. Furthermore, the photosensitized DPITQ can disrupt the intact plasma membrane and cause mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately causing concurrent pyroptosis and apoptosis to suppress cancer cell proliferation even under hypoxia. It is noteworthy that the DPITQ nanoparticles (NPs) present clear NIR-II fluorescence imaging capability on the venous vessels of nude mice. Notably, the DPITQ NPs exert efficient NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided phototherapy both in multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo, causing maximum destruction to tumors but minimum adverse effects to normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhedong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Lijin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Keyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
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37
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Jia C, Xiang Z, Zhang P, Liu L, Zhu X, Yu R, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu K, Wang Z, Vasilev K, Zhou S, Geng Z, Liu X, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Cheng L, Li Y. Selenium-SelK-GPX4 axis protects nucleus pulposus cells against mechanical overloading-induced ferroptosis and attenuates senescence of intervertebral disc. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:49. [PMID: 38252317 PMCID: PMC10803455 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the most prevalent spinal degenerative disorders and imposes places heavy medical and economic burdens on individuals and society. Mechanical overloading applied to the intervertebral disc (IVD) has been widely recognized as an important cause of IVDD. Mechanical overloading-induced chondrocyte ferroptosis was reported, but the potential association between ferroptosis and mechanical overloading remains to be illustrated in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. In this study, we discovered that excessive mechanical loading induced ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which were detected by mitochondria and associated markers, by increasing the intracellular free Ca2+ level through the Piezo1 ion channel localized on the plasma membrane and ER membrane in NP cells. Besides, we proposed that intracellular free Ca2+ level elevation and the activation of ER stress are positive feedback processes that promote each other, consistent with the results that the level of ER stress in coccygeal discs of aged Piezo1-CKO mice were significantly lower than that of aged WT mice. Then, we confirmed that selenium supplementation decreased intracellular free Ca2+ level by mitigating ER stress through upregulating Selenoprotein K (SelK) expression. Besides, ferroptosis caused by the impaired production and function of Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) due to mechanical overloading-induced calcium overload could be improved by selenium supplementation through Se-GPX4 axis and Se-SelK axis in vivo and in vitro, eventually presenting the stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our findings reveal the important role of ferroptosis in mechanical overloading-induced IVDD, and selenium supplementation promotes significance to attenuate ferroptosis and thus alleviates IVDD, which might provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwang Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuetao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixuan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziwen Geng
- Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan, 250200, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Jing S, Wu X, Niu D, Wang J, Leung CH, Wang W. Recent Advances in Organometallic NIR Iridium(III) Complexes for Detection and Therapy. Molecules 2024; 29:256. [PMID: 38202839 PMCID: PMC10780525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Iridium(III) complexes are emerging as a promising tool in the area of detection and therapy due to their prominent photophysical properties, including higher photostability, tunable phosphorescence emission, long-lasting phosphorescence, and high quantum yields. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to develop novel near-infrared (NIR) iridium(III) complexes to improve signal-to-noise ratio and enhance tissue penetration. In this review, we summarize different classes of organometallic NIR iridium(III) complexes for detection and therapy, including cyclometalated ligand-enabled NIR iridium(III) complexes and NIR-dye-conjugated iridium(III) complexes. Moreover, the prospects and challenges for organometallic NIR iridium(III) complexes for targeted detection and therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Jing
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dou Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.J.); (X.W.); (J.W.)
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 45 South Gaoxin Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Liu X, Lv A, Zhang P, Chang J, Dong R, Liu M, Liu J, Huang X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. The anticancer application of half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:552-563. [PMID: 38054240 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl derivatives and organometallic iridium(III) complexes have been prospective substitutes for platinum-based anticancer drugs. Eight half-sandwich iridium(III) ferrocene-thiosemicarbazide (Fc-TSC) Schiff base anticancer complexes were prepared in this study. These complexes displayed a dimeric structure and exhibited a particular fluorescence due to the "enol" orientation of the TSC pro-ligand. An energy-dependent pathway of the uptake mechanism was ascertained, which ended in the lysosome and led to lysosome damage and apoptosis. Flow cytometry confirmed that the complexes could block the cell cycle (G1 phase) and improve the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, indicating an anticancer mechanism of oxidation. Then, a lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway was verified through western blotting. In vivo toxicity assays confirmed that these complexes showed better anti-migration ability and less toxicity in comparison to cisplatin. Thus, these complexes provide a new strategy for the design of non-platinum organometallic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Chang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruixiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Mengxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Zhang Z, Wei Z, Guo J, Lyu J, Wang B, Wang G, Wang C, Zhou L, Yuan Z, Xing G, Wu C, Zhang X. Metallopolymer strategy to explore hypoxic active narrow-bandgap photosensitizers for effective cancer photodynamic therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38167652 PMCID: PMC10762066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Practical photodynamic therapy calls for high-performance, less O2-dependent, long-wavelength-light-activated photosensitizers to suit the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Iridium-based photosensitizers exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, but the in vivo applications are hindered by conventional O2-dependent Type-II photochemistry and poor absorption. Here we show a general metallopolymerization strategy for engineering iridium complexes exhibiting Type-I photochemistry and enhancing absorption intensity in the blue to near-infrared region. Reactive oxygen species generation of metallopolymer Ir-P1, where the iridium atom is covalently coupled to the polymer backbone, is over 80 times higher than that of its mother polymer without iridium under 680 nm irradiation. This strategy also works effectively when the iridium atom is directly included (Ir-P2) in the polymer backbones, exhibiting wide generality. The metallopolymer nanoparticles exhibiting efficient O2•- generation are conjugated with integrin αvβ3 binding cRGD to achieve targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zixiang Wei
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jintong Guo
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Jinxiao Lyu
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
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Silva MJSA, Zhang Y, Vinck R, Santos FMF, António JPM, Gourdon-Grünewaldt L, Zaouter C, Castonguay A, Patten SA, Cariou K, Boscá F, Nájera F, Arteaga JF, Gasser G, Pischel U, Gois PMP. BASHY Dyes Are Highly Efficient Lipid Droplet-Targeting Photosensitizers that Induce Ferroptosis through Lipid Peroxidation. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2337-2344. [PMID: 37948301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent lipid-peroxidation-driven mechanism of cell death and a promising therapeutic target to eradicate cancer cells. In this study, we discovered that boronic acid-derived salicylidenehydrazone (BASHY) dyes are highly efficient singlet-oxygen photosensitizers (PSs; ΦΔ up to 0.8) that induce ferroptosis triggered by photodynamic therapy. The best-performing BASHY dye displayed a high phototoxicity against the human glioblastoma multiform U87 cell line, with an IC50 value in the low nanomolar range (4.40 nM) and a remarkable phototoxicity index (PI > 22,700). Importantly, BASHY dyes were shown to accumulate in lipid droplets (LDs) and this intracellular partition was found to be essential for the enhanced phototoxicity and the induction of ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation. The safety and phototoxicity of this platform were validated using an in vivo zebrafish model (Danio rerio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J S A Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Fábio M F Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - João P M António
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Lisa Gourdon-Grünewaldt
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval , QuebecH7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Charlotte Zaouter
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval , QuebecH7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Annie Castonguay
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval , QuebecH7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Shunmoogum A Patten
- INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval , QuebecH7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Francisco Boscá
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Francisco Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina - IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Teatinos s/n, 29071, Plataforma Bionand, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga 29590, Spain
| | - Jesús F Arteaga
- CIQSO-Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Uwe Pischel
- CIQSO-Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, Huelva 21071, Spain
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
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Luo X, Zhang C, Yue C, Jiang Y, Yang F, Xian Y. A near-infrared light-activated nanoprobe for simultaneous detection of hydrogen polysulfide and sulfur dioxide in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14290-14301. [PMID: 38098706 PMCID: PMC10718178 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte mortality constitutes a prominent contributor to global morbidity and mortality. However, early diagnosis and preventive treatment of cardiac I/R injury remains a challenge. Given the close relationship between ferroptosis and I/R injury, monitoring their pathological processes holds promise for advancing early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Herein, we report a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe (UCNP@mSiO2@SP-NP-NAP) for controllable detection of hydrogen polysulfide (H2Sn) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) during ferroptosis-related myocardial I/R injury. The nanoprobe's responsive sites could be activated by NIR and Vis light modulation, reversibly alternating for at least 5 cycles. We employed the nanoprobe to monitor the fluctuation levels of H2Sn and SO2 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and mice, revealing that H2Sn and SO2 levels were up-regulated during I/R. The NIR light-activated dual-responsive nanoprobe could be a powerful tool for myocardial I/R injury diagnosis. Moreover, we also found that inhibiting the initiation of the ferroptosis process contributed to attenuating cardiac I/R injury, which indicated great potential for treating I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Chenyang Yue
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yuelin Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Fei Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yuezhong Xian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
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Lv M, Zheng Y, Wu J, Shen Z, Guo B, Hu G, Huang Y, Zhao J, Qian Y, Su Z, Wu C, Xue X, Liu HK, Mao ZW. Evoking Ferroptosis by Synergistic Enhancement of a Cyclopentadienyl Iridium-Betulin Immune Agonist. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312897. [PMID: 37830171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation (LPO) with the potential for antitumor immunity activation. In this study, a nonferrous cyclopentadienyl metal-based ferroptosis inducer [Ir(Cp*)(Bet)Cl]Cl (Ir-Bet) was developed by a metal-ligand synergistic enhancement (MLSE) strategy involving the reaction of [Ir(Cp*)Cl]2 Cl2 with the natural product Betulin. The fusion of Betulin with iridium cyclopentadienyl (Ir-Cp*) species as Ir-Bet not only tremendously enhanced the antiproliferative activity toward cancer cells, but also activated ferritinophagy for iron homeostasis regulation by PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibition with a lower dosage of Betulin, and then evoked an immune response by nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation of Ir-Cp* species. Further immunogenic cell death (ICD) occurred by remarkable ferroptosis through glutathione (GSH) depletion, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deactivation and ferritinophagy. An in vivo vaccination experiment demonstrated desirable antitumor and immunogenic effects of Ir-Bet by increasing the ratio of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)/regulatory T cells (Tregs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Lv
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqi Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Binglian Guo
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Hu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlei Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Su
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Xuling Xue
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ke Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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Das B, Gupta S, Mondal A, Kalita KJ, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Tuning the Organelle-Specific Imaging and Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy of Theranostic Mono- and Trinuclear Organometallic Iridium(III) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15550-15563. [PMID: 37950696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelle-specific localization of mononuclear and trinuclear iridium(III) complexes and their photodynamic behavior within the cells are described herein, emphasizing their structure-activity relationship. Both the IrA2 and IrB2 complexes possess a pair of phenyl-benzothiazole derived from the -CHO moieties of mononuclear organometallic iridium(III) complexes IrA1 and IrB1, which chelates IrCp*Cl (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) to afford trinuclear complexes IrA3 and IrB3. Insights into the photophysical and electrochemical parameters of the complexes were obtained by a time-dependent density functional theory study. The synthesized complexes IrA2, IrA3, IrB2, and IrB3 were found to be nontoxic to human MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. However, the photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, to check the organelle-specific localization of IrA2 and IrB2, we observed that both complexes could selectively localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, trinuclear IrA3 and IrB3 accumulate in the nuclei. The photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anushka Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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Tatarin SV, Meshcheriakova EA, Kozyukhin SA, Emets VV, Bezzubov SI. Rational design of efficient photosensitizers based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with 2-arylbenzimidazole and aromatic 1,3-diketone ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16261-16275. [PMID: 37855226 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A judicious selection of substituents in cyclometalating 2-arylbenzimidazoles and an ancillary aromatic 1,3-diketone enabled the creation of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes demonstrating strong light absorption up to 500 nm (ε ≈ 10 000-12 000 M-1 cm-1). The complexes, which were studied by various spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry, displayed tunable absorption maxima depending on the nature of substituents and their positions. The experimental study was corroborated by quantum chemical calculations, which showed an increased contribution of intraligand charge transfer transitions to the visible light absorption in the case of complexes containing electron-withdrawing substituents in the ligands. Despite being of high intensity, some of these transitions are responsible for the formation of the excited states located at large distances from the 'anchoring' fragment incorporated in the ancillary ligand. In turn, incorporation of electron-donating substituents at the para-position to the Ir-C bonds increases the number of excited states located on the ancillary ligand. The destabilization of the HOMO, which is caused by the increase in the electron-donating ability of the substituents in the metalated rings, translated into negative shifts of the Ir4+/Ir3+ redox potential, affecting, in some cases, the degree of electrochemical reversibility of the complexes. Several complexes having strong light-harvesting characteristics and undergoing reversible oxidation in the appropriate potential range were used for coating the TiO2 photoanodes, which reached an efficiency of 2.15% upon irradiation with the standard AM 1.5 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tatarin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Meshcheriakova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor V Emets
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Hu M, Zhou XL, Xiao TX, Hao L, Li Y. Inducing and monitoring mitochondrial pH changes with an iridium(III) complex via two-photon lifetime imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15859-15865. [PMID: 37828856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of mitochondrial dynamic changes plays a key role in the development of mitochondria-targeted anticancer theranostic agents. In this work, a pH-responsive and mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complex MitoIr-NH has been explored as a novel anticancer agent. MitoIr-NH displayed pH-responsive phosphorescence intensity and lifetime, accumulated in mitochondria, showed higher antiproliferative activity and induced a series of mitochondria-related events. Moreover, MitoIr-NH could simultaneously induce mitophagy and quantitatively monitor mitochondrial pH changes through two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPPLIM) in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xin-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Tian-Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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Zhao X, He S, Wang J, Ding J, Zong S, Li G, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Near-Infrared Self-Assembled Hydroxyl Radical Generator Based on Photoinduced Cascade Electron Transfer for Hypoxic Tumor Phototherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305163. [PMID: 37545041 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is an extremely potent reactive oxygen species that plays a crucial role in photooxidations within the realm of hypoxic tumor therapy. However, the current methods for •OH photogeneration typically rely on inorganic materials that require UV/vis light excitation. Consequently, photogenerators based on organic molecules, especially those utilizing near-infrared (NIR) light excitation, are rare. In this study, the concept of photoinduced cascade charge transfer (PICET), which utilizes NIR heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (ANOR-Cy5) to generate •OH is introduced. The ANOR-Cy5 photosensitizer, with its flexible hydrophobic structure, enables the formation of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions through molecular assembly. PICET involves a symmetry-breaking charge separation-induced localized charge-separated state, transitioning to a delocalized charge-separated state, which governs the efficiency of •OH generation. Thanks to the oxygen-independent nature of •OH generation and its robust oxidative properties, the ANOR-Cy5-based photosensitizer demonstrates highly effective photoinduced anti-cancer effects, even under severely hypoxic conditions. This discovery emphasizes the potential for achieving •OH photogeneration using a single organic molecule through the engineering of molecular self-assembly, thereby opening up new possibilities for phototherapy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Junying Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shenglin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Wang Y, Wen Y. Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Ferroptosis Is a Synergistic Antitumor Therapy Strategy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5043. [PMID: 37894410 PMCID: PMC10604985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed death mode that regulates redox homeostasis in cells, and recent studies suggest that it is a promising mode of tumor cell death. Ferroptosis is regulated by iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and intracellular reducing substances, which is the mechanism basis of its combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 1O2 through type I and type II photochemical reactions, and subsequently induces ferroptosis through the Fenton reaction and the peroxidation of cell membrane lipids. PDT kills tumor cells by generating excessive cytotoxic ROS. Due to the limited laser depth and photosensitizer enrichment, the systemic treatment effect of PDT is not good. Combining PDT with ferroptosis can compensate for these shortcomings. Nanoparticles constructed by photosensitizers and ferroptosis agonists are widely used in the field of combination therapy, and their targeting and biological safety can be improved through modification. These nanoparticles not only directly kill tumor cells but also further exert the synergistic effect of PDT and ferroptosis by activating antitumor immunity, improving the hypoxia microenvironment, and inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis. Ferroptosis-agonist-induced chemotherapy and PDT-induced ablation also have good clinical application prospects. In this review, we summarize the current research progress on PDT and ferroptosis and how PDT and ferroptosis promote each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Zijian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.H.); (Z.Z.); (L.X.)
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Feng T, Tang Z, Karges J, Shen J, Jin C, Chen Y, Pan Y, He Y, Ji L, Chao H. Exosome camouflaged coordination-assembled Iridium(III) photosensitizers for apoptosis-autophagy-ferroptosis induced combination therapy against melanoma. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122212. [PMID: 37385136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma represents the most fatal form of skin cancer due to its resistance mechanisms and high capacity for the development of metastases. Among other medicinal techniques, photodynamic therapy is receiving increasing attention. Despite promising results, the application of photodynamic therapy is inherently limited due to interference from melanin, poor tissue penetration of photosensitizers, low loading into drug delivery systems, and a lack of tumor selectivity. To overcome these limitations, herein, the coordination-driven assembly of Ir(III) complex photosensitizers with Fe(III) ions into nanopolymers for combined photodynamic therapy and chemodynamic therapy is reported. While remaining stable under physiological conditions, the nanopolymers dissociated in the tumor microenvironment. Upon exposure to light, the Ir(III) complexes produced singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals, inducing cell death by apoptosis and autophagy. The Fe(III) ions were reduced to Fe(II) upon depletion of glutathione and reduction of the GPX4 levels, triggering cell death by ferroptosis. To provide tumor selectivity, the nanopolymers were further camouflaged with exosomes. The generated nanoparticles were found to eradicate a melanoma tumor as well as inhibit the formation of metastases inside a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zixin Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jinchao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yihang Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yulong He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, PR China.
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Hu S, Chu Y, Zhou X, Wang X. Recent advances of ferroptosis in tumor: From biological function to clinical application. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115419. [PMID: 37666176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of cell death with distinct features in terms of morphology, biochemistry, and molecular mechanisms. Unlike other types of cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by iron dependence, reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Recent studies have demonstrated that selective autophagy plays a vital role in the induction of ferroptosis, including ferritinophagy, lipophagy, clockophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Emerging evidence has indicated the involvement of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis through regulating various biological processes, including tumor growth, metastasis, stemness, drug resistance, and recurrence. Clinical and preclinical studies have found that novel therapies targeting ferroptosis exert great potential in the treatment of tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms in ferroptosis, especially in autophagy-driven ferroptosis, discusses the recent advances in the biological roles of ferroptosis in tumorigenesis, and highlights the application of novel ferroptosis-targeted therapies in the clinical treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yurou Chu
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 251006, China.
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