1
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Xu S, Li J, Long K, Liang X, Wang W. Light-Activated Anti-Vascular Combination Therapy against Choroidal Neovascularization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404218. [PMID: 39206706 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) underlies the crux of many angiogenic eye disorders. Although medications that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are approved for treating CNV, their effectiveness in destroying new blood vessels is limited, and invasive intravitreal administration is required. Additionally, other drugs that destroy established neovessels, such as combretastatin A-4, may have systemic side effects that limit their therapeutic benefits. To overcome these shortcomings, a two-pronged anti-vascular approach is presented for CNV treatment using a photoactivatable nanoparticle system that can release a VEGF receptor inhibitor and a vascular disrupting agent when irradiated with 690 nm light. The nanoparticles can be injected intravenously to enable anti-angiogenic and vascular disrupting combination therapy for CNV through light irradiation to the eyes. This approach can potentiate therapeutic effects while maintaining a favorable biosafety profile for choroidal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kaiqi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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2
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Hanc K, Janeková H, Štacko P. Concurrent Subcellular Delivery of Hydrogen Sulfide and a Payload with Near-Infrared Light. JACS AU 2024; 4:2687-2694. [PMID: 39055161 PMCID: PMC11267537 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule, exerting crucial regulatory functions in organelles and cellular environments. H2S exhibits high therapeutic potential and synergistic effects with other drugs, and its potency is notably enhanced through organelle-specific targeting. Yet, the navigation of light-activated H2S donors to specific organelles remains absent. Here, we report the first organelle-specific photocage that simultaneously delivers H2S and a payload with subcellular precision to mitochondria of live human cells using tissue-penetrating near-infrared light as a trigger. The fluorogenic payload enables real-time monitoring of the process, and we demonstrate the concurrent uncaging in mitochondria through a combination of fluorescence microscopy and mitochondria-specific fluorescent probes. We anticipate that these photocages will permit the precise delivery of H2S-drug combinations with exceptional spatiotemporal control, thereby driving the harnessing of known synergistic effects and the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Hanc
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hana Janeková
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Lian YL, Lin YC. The emerging tools for precisely manipulating microtubules. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102360. [PMID: 38640790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells generate a highly diverse microtubule network to carry out different activities. This network is comprised of distinct tubulin isotypes, tubulins with different post-translational modifications, and many microtubule-based structures. Defects in this complex system cause numerous human disorders. However, how different microtubule subtypes in this network regulate cellular architectures and activities remains largely unexplored. Emerging tools such as photosensitive pharmaceuticals, chemogenetics, and optogenetics enable the spatiotemporal manipulation of structures, dynamics, post-translational modifications, and cross-linking with actin filaments in target microtubule subtypes. This review summarizes the design rationale and applications of these new approaches and aims to provide a roadmap for researchers navigating the intricacies of microtubule dynamics and their post-translational modifications in cellular contexts, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Lian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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4
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Kuzmina NS, Fedotova EA, Jankovic P, Gribova GP, Nyuchev AV, Fedorov AY, Otvagin VF. Enhancing Precision in Photodynamic Therapy: Innovations in Light-Driven and Bioorthogonal Activation. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:479. [PMID: 38675140 PMCID: PMC11053670 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has evolved as a minimally invasive treatment modality offering precise control over cancer and various other diseases. To address inherent challenges associated with PDT, researchers have been exploring two promising avenues: the development of intelligent photosensitizers activated through light-induced energy transfers, charges, or electron transfers, and the disruption of photosensitive bonds. Moreover, there is a growing emphasis on the bioorthogonal delivery or activation of photosensitizers within tumors, enabling targeted deployment and activation of these intelligent photosensitive systems in specific tissues, thus achieving highly precise PDT. This concise review highlights advancements made over the last decade in the realm of light-activated or bioorthogonal photosensitizers, comparing their efficacy and shaping future directions in the advancement of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexey Yu. Fedorov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.F.); (P.J.); (G.P.G.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Vasilii F. Otvagin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Av. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (N.S.K.); (E.A.F.); (P.J.); (G.P.G.); (A.V.N.)
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5
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Russo M, Janeková H, Meier D, Generali M, Štacko P. Light in a Heartbeat: Bond Scission by a Single Photon above 800 nm. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8417-8424. [PMID: 38499198 PMCID: PMC10979397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocages enable scientists to take full control over the activity of molecules using light as a biocompatible stimulus. Their emerging applications in photoactivated therapies call for efficient uncaging in the near-infrared (NIR) window, which represents a fundamental challenge. Here, we report synthetically accessible cyanine photocages that liberate alcohol, phenol, amine, and thiol payloads upon irradiation with NIR light up to 820 nm in aqueous media. The photocages display a unique chameleon-like behavior and operate via two distinct uncaging mechanisms: photooxidation and heterolytic bond cleavage. The latter process constitutes the first example of a direct bond scission by a single photon ever observed in cyanine dyes or at wavelengths exceeding 800 nm. Modulation of the beating rates of human cardiomyocytes that we achieved by light-actuated release of adrenergic agonist etilefrine at submicromolar concentrations and low NIR light doses (∼12 J cm-2) highlights the potential of these photocages in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Russo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Hana Janeková
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Debora Meier
- Institute
for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University
of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute
for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University
of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Peter Štacko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
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6
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Schulte AM, Alachouzos G, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. The fate of the contact ion pair determines the photochemistry of coumarin-based photocleavable protecting groups. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2062-2073. [PMID: 38332822 PMCID: PMC10848663 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) enable the precise spatiotemporal control over the release of a payload of interest, in particular a bioactive substance, through light irradiation. A crucial parameter that determines the practical applicability of PPGs is the efficiency of payload release, largely governed by the quantum yield of photolysis (QY). Understanding which parameters determine the QY will prove crucial for engineering improved PPGs and their effective future applications, especially in the emerging field of photopharmacology. The Contact Ion Pair (CIP) has been recognized as an important intermediate in the uncaging process, but the key influence of its fate on the quantum yield has not been explored yet, limiting our ability to design improved PPGs. Here, we demonstrate that the CIP escape mechanism of PPGs is crucial for determining their payload- and solvent-dependent photolysis QY, and illustrate that an intramolecular type of CIP escape is superior over diffusion-dependent CIP escape. Furthermore, we report a strong correlation of the photolysis QY of a range of coumarin PPGs with the DFT-calculated height of all three energy barriers involved in the photolysis reaction, despite the vastly different mechanisms of CIP escape that these PPGs exhibit. Using the insights obtained through our analysis, we were able to predict the photolysis QY of a newly designed PPG with particularly high accuracy. The level of understanding of the factors determining the QY of PPGs presented here will move the ever-expanding field of PPG applications forward and provides a blueprint for the development of PPGs with QYs that are independent of payload-topology and solvent polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Marten Schulte
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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7
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Li W, Huang J, Shen C, Jiang W, Yang X, Huang J, Gu Y, Li Z, Ma Y, Bian J. Tumor-targeted metabolic inhibitor prodrug labelled with cyanine dyes enhances immunoprevention of lung cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:751-764. [PMID: 38322332 PMCID: PMC10840426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in targeted metabolic therapy of cancer has been limited by the considerable toxicity associated with such drugs. To address this challenge, we developed a smart theranostic prodrug system that combines a fluorophore and an anticancer drug, specifically 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), using a thioketal linkage (TK). This system enables imaging, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and on-demand drug release upon radiation exposure. The optimized prodrug, DON-TK-BM3, incorporating cyanine dyes as the fluorophore, displayed potent reactive oxygen species release and efficient tumor cell killing. Unlike the parent drug DON, DON-TK-BM3 exhibited no toxicity toward normal cells. Moreover, DON-TK-BM3 demonstrated high tumor accumulation and reduced side effects, including gastrointestinal toxicity, in mice. This study provides a practical strategy for designing prodrugs of metabolic inhibitors with significant toxicity stemming from their lack of tissue selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weiye Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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8
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Wei H, Xie M, Chen M, Jiang Q, Wang T, Xing P. Shedding light on cellular dynamics: the progress in developing photoactivated fluorophores. Analyst 2024; 149:689-699. [PMID: 38180167 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivated fluorophores (PAFs) are highly effective imaging tools that exhibit a removal of caging groups upon light excitation, resulting in the restoration of their bright fluorescence. This unique property allows for precise control over the spatiotemporal aspects of small molecule substances, making them indispensable for studying protein labeling and small molecule signaling within live cells. In this comprehensive review, we explore the historical background of this field and emphasize recent advancements based on various reaction mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the structures and applications of the PAFs. We firmly believe that the development of more novel PAFs will provide powerful tools to dynamically investigate cells and expand the applications of these techniques into new domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mingli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qinhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Tenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Panfei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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9
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Watanabe K, Mao Q, Zhang Z, Hata M, Kodera M, Kitagishi H, Niwa T, Hosoya T. Clickable bisreactive small gold nanoclusters for preparing multifunctionalized nanomaterials: application to photouncaging of an anticancer molecule. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1402-1408. [PMID: 38274077 PMCID: PMC10806826 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesized a small-sized gold nanocluster (2 nm) coated with homogeneous tripeptides bearing azido and amino groups that enable facile multifunctionalizations. Using sodium phenoxide to reduce tetrachloroauric(iii) acid in the presence of the cysteine-containing tripeptide, we efficiently prepared the gold nanoclusters without damaging the azido group. We then utilized this clickable bisreactive nanocluster as a versatile platform for synthesizing multifunctionalized gold nanomaterials. The resulting nanoclusters were conjugated with an anticancer compound connected to an indolizine moiety for photoinduced uncaging, a photodynamic therapy agent acting as a photosensitizer for uncaging, and a cyclic RGD peptide. The cytotoxicity of the multifunctionalized gold nanoclusters was demonstrated through red light irradiation of human lung cancer-derived A549 cells treated with the synthesized nanomaterials. The significant cytotoxicity exhibited by the cells underscores the potential utility of this method in advanced cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Watanabe
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Qiyue Mao
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Zhouen Zhang
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Machi Hata
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Masahito Kodera
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitagishi
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University Kyotanabe Kyoto 610-0321 Japan
| | - Takashi Niwa
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular Transformation Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University Higashi-ku Fukuoka 812-8582 Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0062 Japan
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10
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Liu J, Yan P, Liu X, Long Z, Bing T, Zhang N, Shangguan D. Heptamethine Cyanine-Based Molecule Release Triggered by Mitochondrial ROS. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:362-368. [PMID: 38150719 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Conditionally activated molecule release in live cells would provide spatiotemporal control for the study and intervention of biological processes, e.g., bioactive molecule monitoring and controlled drug release. Mitochondria are the main sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells. Here, we report an ROS-triggered molecule release strategy in mitochondria. A molecule IRTO with dual targeting groups was designed by covalently linking IR-780 (a mitochondrial targeted heptamethine cyanine) and 4-aminobutyl-thiazole orange (NH2-TO, a nuclear dye). IRTO diffused into live cells and first accumulated in mitochondria. As the cyanine moiety reacted with mitochondrial ROS directly or with the help of mitochondrial cytochromes, NH2-TO was released, escaped from mitochondria, and finally located in the nucleus. This process could be visualized by fluorescent imaging, i.e., red fluorescence (from the cyanine moiety of IRTO) first located in mitochondria, and green fluorescence (from NH2-TO) appeared and gradually enhanced in the nucleus with the increase of incubation time. The addition of H2O2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, an ROS accelerator) could accelerate the release of NH2-TO, whereas N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, an ROS inhibitor) and mitoquinone mesylate (MitoQ, a mitochondrial ROS scavenger) could obviously decrease the release of NH2-TO. These results suggest that IRTO could serve as a fluorescent probe for monitoring ROS in mitochondria and that IR-780 might be a promising endogenous ROS-triggered molecule release platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pu Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenhao Long
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Bing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dihua Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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11
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Schulte AM, Smid LM, Alachouzos G, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Cation delocalization and photo-isomerization enhance the uncaging quantum yield of a photocleavable protecting group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:578-581. [PMID: 38095129 PMCID: PMC10783650 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Photocleavable protecting groups (PPGs) enable the light-induced, spatiotemporal control over the release of a payload of interest. Two fundamental challenges in the design of new, effective PPGs are increasing the quantum yield (QY) of photolysis and red-shifting the absorption spectrum. Here we describe the combination of two photochemical strategies for PPG optimization in one molecule, resulting in significant improvements in both these crucial parameters. Furthermore, we for the first time identify the process of photo-isomerization to strongly influence the QY of photolysis of a PPG and identify the cis-isomer as the superior PPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Marten Schulte
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne M Smid
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands.
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12
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Gagarin AA, Minin AS, Shevyrin VA, Kostova IP, Benassi E, Belskaya NP. Photocaging of Carboxylic Function Bearing Biomolecules by New Thiazole Derived Fluorophore. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302079. [PMID: 37530503 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a new fluorophore containing an arylidene thiazole scaffold resulted in a compound with good photophysical characteristics. Furthermore, the thiazole C5-methyl group was easily modified into specific functional groups (CH2 Br and CH2 OH) for the formation of a series of photocourier molecules containing model compounds (benzoic acids), as well as prodrugs, including salicylic acid, caffeic acid, and chlorambucil via a "benzyl" linker. Spectral characteristics (1 H, 13 C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectra) corresponded to the proposed structures. The photocourier molecules demonstrated absorption with high values of coefficient of molar extinction, exhibited contrasting green emission, and showed good dark stability. The mechanism of the photorelease was investigated through spectral analysis, HPLC-HRMS, and supported by TD-DFT calculations. The photoheterolysis and elimination of carboxylic acids were proved to occur in the excited state, yielding a carbocation as an intermediate moiety. The fluorophore structure provided stability to the carbocation through the delocalization of the positive charge via resonance structures. Viability assessment of Vero cells using the MTT-test confirmed the weak cytotoxicity of prodrugs without irradiation and it increase upon UV-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey A Gagarin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Artem S Minin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 18S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108, Russia
| | - Vadim A Shevyrin
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Irena P Kostova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Dunav Str., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nataliya P Belskaya
- Department of Technology for Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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13
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Ieda N, Nakamura A, Tomita N, Ohkubo K, Izumi R, Hotta Y, Kawaguchi M, Kimura K, Nakagawa H. A BODIPY-picolinium-cation conjugate as a blue-light-responsive caged group. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26375-26379. [PMID: 37671339 PMCID: PMC10476028 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03826b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Caged compounds protected with photolabile protecting groups (PPGs) are useful for controlling various biological events with high spatiotemporal resolution. Most of the commonly used PPGs are controlled by ultraviolet light irradiation, but it is desirable to have PPGs controlled by visible light irradiation in order to minimize tissue damage. Here, we describe a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-picolinium conjugate (BPc group) that functions as a blue-light-controllable PPG. ESR experiments indicate that the photolysis mechanism is based on intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer. We illustrate the applicability of the BPc group to biologically active compounds by employing it firstly to photocontrol release of histamine, and secondly to photocontrol release of a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator, GSK2181236A, which induces photovasodilation. The BPc group is expected to be a useful PPG for controlling various biological events with blue light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ieda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Natsumi Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives & Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryo Izumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Yuji Hotta
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8601 Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hidehiko Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University 3-1, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku Nagoya Aichi 467-8603 Japan
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14
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Shrestha P, Kand D, Weinstain R, Winter AH. meso-Methyl BODIPY Photocages: Mechanisms, Photochemical Properties, and Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17497-17514. [PMID: 37535757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
meso-methyl BODIPY photocages have recently emerged as an exciting new class of photoremovable protecting groups (PPGs) that release leaving groups upon absorption of visible to near-infrared light. In this Perspective, we summarize the development of these PPGs and highlight their critical photochemical properties and applications. We discuss the absorption properties of the BODIPY PPGs, structure-photoreactivity studies, insights into the photoreaction mechanism, the scope of functional groups that can be caged, the chemical synthesis of these structures, and how substituents can alter the water solubility of the PPG and direct the PPG into specific subcellular compartments. Applications that exploit the unique optical and photochemical properties of BODIPY PPGs are also discussed, from wavelength-selective photoactivation to biological studies to photoresponsive organic materials and photomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Shrestha
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Weinstain
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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15
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Schnermann MJ, Lavis LD. Rejuvenating old fluorophores with new chemistry. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102335. [PMID: 37269674 PMCID: PMC10524207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic chemistry began with 19th century scientists identifying and then expanding upon synthetic dye molecules for textiles. In the 20th century, dye chemistry continued with the aim of developing photographic sensitizers and laser dyes. Now, in the 21st century, the rapid evolution of biological imaging techniques provides a new driving force for dye chemistry. Of the extant collection of synthetic fluorescent dyes for biological imaging, two classes reign supreme: rhodamines and cyanines. Here, we provide an overview of recent examples where modern chemistry is used to build these old-but-venerable classes of optically responsive molecules. These new synthetic methods access new fluorophores, which then enable sophisticated imaging experiments leading to new biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 376, Frederick, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
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16
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Wang X, Fu J, Jiang C, Liao X, Chen Y, Jia T, Chen G, Feng X. Specific and Long-Term Luminescent Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide in Tumor Metastasis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210948. [PMID: 36848628 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent monitoring of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in tumors is conducive to understanding metastasis and developing novel therapeutics. The clinical transformation is obstructed by the limited light penetration depth, toxicity of nano-probes, and lack of long-term monitoring modes of up to days or months. New monitoring modes are introduced via specific probes and implantable devices, which can achieve real-time monitoring with a readout frequency of 0.01 s or long-term monitoring for months to years. Near-infrared dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are fabricated as the luminescent probes, and the specificity to reactive oxygen species is subtly regulated by the self-assembled monolayers on the surfaces of UCNPs. Combined with the passive implanted system, a 20-day monitoring of H2 O2 in the rat model of ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastasis is achieved, in which the limited light penetration depth and toxicity of nano-probes are circumvented. The developed monitoring modes show great potential in accelerating the clinical transformation of nano-probes and biochemical detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Wang
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics based Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Ji Fu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Chang Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Yiju Chen
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanying Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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17
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Rosenberger JE, Xie Y, Fang Y, Lyu X, Trout WS, Dmitrenko O, Fox JM. Ligand-Directed Photocatalysts and Far-Red Light Enable Catalytic Bioorthogonal Uncaging inside Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6067-6078. [PMID: 36881718 PMCID: PMC10589873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Described are ligand-directed catalysts for live-cell, photocatalytic activation of bioorthogonal chemistry. Catalytic groups are localized via a tethered ligand either to DNA or to tubulin, and red light (660 nm) photocatalysis is used to initiate a cascade of DHTz oxidation, intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, and elimination to release phenolic compounds. Silarhodamine (SiR) dyes, more conventionally used as biological fluorophores, serve as photocatalysts that have high cytocompatibility and produce minimal singlet oxygen. Commercially available conjugates of Hoechst dye (SiR-H) and docetaxel (SiR-T) are used to localize SiR to the nucleus and microtubules, respectively. Computation was used to assist the design of a new class of redox-activated photocage to release either phenol or n-CA4, a microtubule-destabilizing agent. In model studies, uncaging is complete within 5 min using only 2 μM SiR and 40 μM photocage. In situ spectroscopic studies support a mechanism involving rapid intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction and a rate-determining elimination step. In cellular studies, this uncaging process is successful at low concentrations of both the photocage (25 nM) and the SiR-H dye (500 nM). Uncaging n-CA4 causes microtubule depolymerization and an accompanying reduction in cell area. Control studies demonstrate that SiR-H catalyzes uncaging inside the cell, and not in the extracellular environment. With SiR-T, the same dye serves as a photocatalyst and the fluorescent reporter for microtubule depolymerization, and with confocal microscopy, it was possible to visualize microtubule depolymerization in real time as the result of photocatalytic uncaging in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Rosenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Yinzhi Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Xinyi Lyu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - William S. Trout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Olga Dmitrenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
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18
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Egyed A, Németh K, Molnár TÁ, Kállay M, Kele P, Bojtár M. Turning Red without Feeling Embarrassed─Xanthenium-Based Photocages for Red-Light-Activated Phototherapeutics. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4026-4034. [PMID: 36752773 PMCID: PMC9951246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present high-yielding, concise access to a set of xanthenium-derived, water-soluble, low-molecular-weight photocages allowing light-controlled cargo release in the green to red region. Very importantly, these new photocages allow installation of various payloads through ester, carbamate, or carbonate linkages even at the last stage of the synthesis. Payloads were uncaged with high efficiency upon green, orange, or red light irradiation, leading to the release of carboxylic acids, phenols, and amines. The near-ideal properties of a carboxanthenium derivative were further evaluated in the context of light-controlled drug release using a camptothecin-derived chemotherapeutic drug, SN38. Notably, the caged drug showed orders of magnitude lower efficiency in cellulo, which was reinstated after red light irradiation. The presented photocages offer properties that facilitate the translation of photoactivated chemotherapy toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Egyed
- Chemical
Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Chemical
Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Á. Molnár
- Chemical
Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kállay
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-BME
Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME
Lendület Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kele
- Chemical
Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Bojtár
- Chemical
Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Xiong H, Xu Y, Kim B, Rha H, Zhang B, Li M, Yang GF, Kim JS. Photo-controllable biochemistry: Exploiting the photocages in phototherapeutic window. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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