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Zhang Z, Bai Q, Zhai Z, Long Q, Han E, Zhao H, Zhou CW, Lin H, Zhang W, Ning GH, Xie TZ, Wang P, Wu T. Multiple-stimuli fluorescent responsive metallo-organic helicated cage arising from monomer and excimer emission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7261. [PMID: 39179587 PMCID: PMC11344131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Effectively regulating monomer and excimer emission in a singular supramolecular luminous platform is challenging due to high difficulty of precise control over its aggregation and dispersion behavior when subjected to external stimuli. Here, we show a metallo-cage (MTH) featuring a triple helical motif that displays a unique dual emission. It arises from both intramolecular monomer and intermolecular excimer, respectively. The distorted molecular conformation and the staggered stacking mode of MTH excimer are verified through single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These structural features facilitate the switch between monomer and excimer emission, which are induced by changes in concentration and temperature. Significantly, adjusting the equilibrium between these two states in MTH enables the production of vibrant white light emission in both solution and solid state. Moreover, when combined with a PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) substrate, the resulting thin films can serve as straightforward fluorescence thermometer and thermally activated information encryption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirui Zhai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Long
- College of Light Chemical Industry and Materials Engineering, Shunde Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Ermeng Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuang-Wei Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haobo Lin
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Zheng Xie
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tun Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Cao ZM, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Xu HS, Su CY. Multipocket Cage Enables the Binding of High-Order Bulky and Drug Guests Uncovered by MS Methodology. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21677-21688. [PMID: 39042557 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high guest loading and multiguest-binding capacity holds crucial significance for advancement in separation, catalysis, and drug delivery with synthetic receptors; however, it remains a challenging bottleneck in characterization of high-stoichiometry guest-binding events. Herein, we describe a large-sized coordination cage (MOC-70-Zn8Pd6) possessing 12 peripheral pockets capable of accommodating multiple guests and a high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS)-based method to understand the solution host-guest chemistry. A diverse range of bulky guests, varying from drug molecules to rigid fullerenes as well as flexible host molecules of crown ethers and calixarenes, could be loaded into open pockets with high capacities. Notably, these hollow cage pockets provide multisites to capture different guests, showing heteroguest coloading behavior to capture binary, ternary, or even quaternary guests. Moreover, a pair of commercially applied drugs for the combination therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been tested, highlighting its potential in multidrug delivery for combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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3
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Solra M, Kapila R, Das S, Bhatt P, Rana S. Transient Metallo-Lipidoid Assemblies Amplify Covalent Catalysis of Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400348. [PMID: 38315883 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Dissipative supramolecular assemblies are hallmarks of living systems, contributing to their complex, dynamic structures and emerging functions. Living cells can spatiotemporally control diverse biochemical reactions in membrane compartments and condensates, regulating metabolite levels, signal transduction or remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Herein, we constructed membranous compartments using self-assembly of lipid-like amphiphiles (lipidoid) in aqueous medium. The new double-tailed lipidoid features Cu(II) coordinated with a tetravalent chelator that dictates the binding of two amphiphilic ligands in cis-orientation. Hydrophobic interactions between the lipidoids coupled with intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to a well-defined bilayer vesicle structure. Oil-soluble SNAr reaction is efficiently upregulated in the hydrophobic cavity, acting as a catalytic crucible. The modular system allows easy incorporation of exposed primary amine groups, which augments the catalysis of retro aldol and C-N bond formation reactions. Moreover, a higher-affinity chelator enables consumption of the Cu(II) template leveraging the differential thermodynamic stability, which allows a controllable lifetime of the vesicular assemblies. Concomitant temporal upregulation of the catalytic reactions could be tuned by the metal ion concentration. This work offers new possibilities for metal ion-mediated dynamic supramolecular systems, opening up a massive repertoire of functionally active dynamic "life-like" materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Solra
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rohit Kapila
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sourav Das
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Preeti Bhatt
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Subinoy Rana
- Materials Research Centre, Division of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012, India
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4
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Huang YH, Lu YL, Zhang XD, Liu CH, Ruan J, Qin YH, Cao ZM, Jiang J, Xu HS, Su CY. Dynamic Stereochemistry of M 8 Pd 6 Supramolecular Cages Based on Metal-Center Lability for Differential Chiral Induction, Resolution, and Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315053. [PMID: 37883532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of isostructural supramolecular cages with a rhombic dodecahedron shape have been assembled with distinct metal-coordination lability (M8 Pd6 -MOC-16, M=Ru2+ , Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Zn2+ ). The chirality transfer between metal centers generally imposes homochirality on individual cages to enable solvent-dependent spontaneous resolution of Δ8 /Λ8 -M8 Pd6 enantiomers; however, their distinguishable stereochemical dynamics manifests differential chiral phenomena governed by the cage stability following the order Ru8 Pd6 >Ni8 Pd6 >Fe8 Pd6 >Zn8 Pd6 . The highly labile Zn centers endow the Zn8 Pd6 cage with conformational flexibility and deformation, enabling intrigue chiral-Δ8 /Λ8 -Zn8 Pd6 to meso-Δ4 Λ4 -Zn8 Pd6 transition induced by anions. The cage stabilization effect differs from inert Ru2+ , metastable Fe2+ /Ni2+ , and labile Zn2+ , resulting in different chiral-guest induction. Strikingly, solvent-mediated host-guest interactions have been revealed for Δ8 /Λ8 -(Ru/Ni/Fe)8 Pd6 cages to discriminate the chiral recognition of the guests with opposite chirality. These results demonstrate a versatile procedure to control the stereochemistry of metal-organic cages based on the dynamic metal centers, thus providing guidance to maneuver cage chirality at a supramolecular level by virtue of the solvent, anion, and guest to benefit practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hui Huang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chen-Hui Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia Ruan
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu-Han Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhong-Min Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jijun Jiang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hai-Sen Xu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, LIFM, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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5
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Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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6
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Gao WB, Li Z, Tong T, Dong X, Qu H, Yang L, Sue ACH, Tian ZQ, Cao XY. Chiral Molecular Cage with Tunable Stereoinversion Barriers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17795-17804. [PMID: 37527407 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of chirality in molecular entities that rapidly interconvert between enantiomeric forms is challenging, particularly at the supramolecular level. Advances in controlling such dynamic stereochemical systems offer opportunities to understand chiral symmetry breaking and homochirality. Herein, we report the synthesis of a face-rotating tetrahedron (FRT), an organic molecular cage composed of tridurylborane facial units that undergo stereomutations between enantiomeric trefoil propeller-like conformations. After resolution, we show that the racemization barrier of the enantiopure FRT can be regulated in situ through the reversible binding of fluoride anions onto the tridurylborane moieties. Furthermore, the addition of an enantiopure phenylethanol to the FRT can effectively induce chirality of the molecular cage by preferentially binding to one of its enantiomeric conformers. This study presents a new paradigm for controlling dynamic chirality in supramolecular systems, which may have implications for asymmetric synthesis and dynamic stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tianyi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Wu K, Ronson TK, Goh L, Xue W, Heard AW, Su P, Li X, Vinković M, Nitschke JR. A Diverse Array of Large Capsules Transform in Response to Stimuli. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11356-11363. [PMID: 37191451 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The allosteric regulation of biomolecules, such as enzymes, enables them to adapt and alter their conformation to fit specific substrates, expressing different functionalities in response to stimuli. Different stimuli can also trigger synthetic coordination cages to change their shape, size, and nuclearity by reconfiguring the dynamic metal-ligand bonds that hold them together. Here we demonstrate an abiological system consisting of different organic subcomponents and ZnII metal ions, which can respond to simple stimuli in complex ways. A ZnII20L12 dodecahedron transforms to give a larger ZnII30L12 icosidodecahedron through subcomponent exchange, as an aldehyde that forms bidentate ligands is displaced in favor of one that forms tridentate ligands together with a penta-amine subcomponent. In the presence of a chiral template guest, the same system that produced the icosidodecahedron instead gives a ZnII15L6 truncated rhombohedral architecture through enantioselective self-assembly. Under specific crystallization conditions, a guest induces a further reconfiguration of either the ZnII30L12 or ZnII15L6 cages to yield an unprecedented ZnII20L8 pseudo-truncated octahedral structure. The transformation network of these cages shows how large synthetic hosts can undergo structural adaptation through the application of chemical stimuli, opening pathways to broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Leonard Goh
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Weichao Xue
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Andrew W Heard
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mladen Vinković
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
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8
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Xue W, Wu K, Ouyang N, Brotin T, Nitschke JR. Allosterically Regulated Guest Binding Determines Framework Symmetry for an Fe II 4 L 4 Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301319. [PMID: 36866857 PMCID: PMC10947561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a flexible tritopic aniline and 3-substituted 2-formylpyridine subcomponents around iron(II) templates gave rise to a low-spin FeII 4 L4 capsule, whereas a high-spin FeII 3 L2 sandwich species formed when a sterically hindered 6-methyl-2-formylpyridine was used. The FeII 4 L4 cage adopted a new structure type with S4 symmetry, having two mer-Δ and two mer-Ʌ metal vertices, as confirmed by NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The flexibility of the face-capping ligand endows the resulting FeII 4 L4 framework with conformational plasticity, enabling it to adapt structurally from S4 to T or C3 symmetry upon guest binding. The cage also displayed negative allosteric cooperativity in simultaneously binding different guests within its cavity and at the apertures between its faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xue
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kai Wu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de chimieUniversité LyonEns de Lyon, CNRS UMR 518269342LyonFrance
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