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Podgórski R, Wojasiński M, Małolepszy A, Jaroszewicz J, Ciach T. Fabrication of 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Multiscale Porosity. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29186-29204. [PMID: 39005818 PMCID: PMC11238315 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
3D printing is a promising technique for producing bone implants, but there is still a need to adjust efficiency, facilitate production, and improve biocompatibility. Porous materials have a proven positive effect on the regeneration of bone tissue, but their production is associated with numerous limitations. In this work, we described a simple method of producing polymer or polymer-ceramic filaments for 3D-printing scaffolds by adding micrometer-scale porous structures on scaffold surfaces. Scaffolds included polycaprolactone (PCL) as the primary polymer, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) as the ceramic filler, and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a porogen. The pressurized filament extrusion gave flexible filaments composed of PCL, β-TCP, and PEG, which are ready to use in fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printers. Washing of 3D-printed scaffolds in ethanol solution removed PEG and revealed a microporous structure and ceramic particles on the scaffold's surfaces. Furthermore, 3D-printed materials exhibit good printing precision, no cytotoxic properties, and highly impact MG63 cell alignment. Although combining PCL, PEG, and β-TCP is quite popular, the presented method allows the production of porous scaffolds with a well-organized structure without advanced equipment, and the produced filaments can be used to 3D print scaffolds on a simple commercially available 3D printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Gezek M, Altunbek M, Torres Gouveia ME, Camci-Unal G. 3D Printed Eggshell Microparticle-Laden Thermoplastic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32957-32970. [PMID: 38885611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, an additive manufacturing technique, is increasingly used in the field of tissue engineering. The ability to create complex structures with high precision makes the 3D printing of this material a preferred method for constructing personalized and functional materials. However, the challenge lies in developing affordable and accessible materials with the desired physiochemical and biological properties. In this study, we used eggshell microparticles (ESPs), an example of bioceramic and unconventional biomaterials, to reinforce thermoplastic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds via extrusion-based 3D printing. The goal was to conceive a sustainable, affordable, and unique personalized medicine approach. The scaffolds were fabricated with varying concentrations of eggshells, ranging from 0 to 50% (w/w) in the PCL scaffolds. To assess the physicochemical properties, we employed scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties were evaluated through compression testing, and degradation kinetics were studied through accelerated degradation with the remaining mass ranging between 89.4 and 28.3%. In vitro, we evaluated the characteristics of the scaffolds using the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts over a 14 day period. In vitro characterization involved the use of the Alamar blue assay, confocal imaging, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of 3D printed biocomposite scaffolds, consisting of thermoplastic PCL reinforced with ESPs, as a promising alternative for bone-graft applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gezek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Mine Altunbek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | | | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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3
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Gharibshahian M, Salehi M, Kamalabadi-Farahani M, Alizadeh M. Magnesium-oxide-enhanced bone regeneration: 3D-printing of gelatin-coated composite scaffolds with sustained Rosuvastatin release. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130995. [PMID: 38521323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Critical-size bone defects are one of the main challenges in bone tissue regeneration that determines the need to use angiogenic and osteogenic agents. Rosuvastatin (RSV) is a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs with osteogenic potential. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an angiogenesis component affecting apatite formation. This study aims to evaluate 3D-printed Polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate/nano-hydroxyapatite/ MgO (PCL/β-TCP/nHA/MgO) scaffolds as a carrier for MgO and RSV in bone regeneration. For this purpose, PCL/β-TCP/nHA/MgO scaffolds were fabricated with a 3D-printing method and coated with gelatin and RSV. The biocompatibility and osteogenicity of scaffolds were examined with MTT, ALP, and Alizarin red staining. Finally, the scaffolds were implanted in a bone defect of rat's calvaria, and tissue regeneration was investigated after 3 months. Our results showed that the simultaneous presence of RSV and MgO improved biocompatibility, wettability, degradation rate, and ALP activity but decreased mechanical strength. PCL/β-TCP/nHA/MgO/gelatin-RSV scaffolds produced sustained release of MgO and RSV within 30 days. CT images showed that PCL/β-TCP/nHA/MgO/gelatin-RSV scaffolds filled approximately 86.83 + 4.9 % of the defects within 3 months and improved angiogenesis, woven bone, and osteogenic genes expression. These results indicate the potential of PCL/β-TCP/nHA/MgO/gelatin-RSV scaffolds as a promising tool for bone regeneration and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalabadi-Farahani
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Menarbazari AA, Mansoori-Kermani A, Mashayekhan S, Soleimani A. 3D-printed polycaprolactone/tricalcium silicate scaffolds modified with decellularized bone ECM-oxidized alginate for bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130827. [PMID: 38484823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of large craniofacial bone defects requires more advanced and effective strategies than bone grafts since such defects are challenging and cannot heal without intervention. In this regard, 3D printing offers promising solutions through the fabrication of scaffolds with the required shape, porosity, and various biomaterials suitable for specific tissues. In this study, 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds containing up to 30 % tricalcium silicate (TCS) were fabricated and then modified by incorporation of decellularized bone matrix- oxidized sodium alginate (DBM-OA). The results showed that the addition of 20 % TCS increased compressive modulus by 4.5-fold, yield strength by 12-fold, and toughness by 15-fold compared to pure PCL. In addition, the samples containing TCS revealed the formation of crystalline phases with a Ca/P ratio near that of hydroxyapatite (1.67). Cellular experiment results demonstrated that TCS have improved the biocompatibility of PCL-based scaffolds. On day 7, the scaffolds modified with DBM and 20 % TCS exhibited 8-fold enhancement of ALP activity of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (P-MSCs) compared to pure PCL scaffolds. The present study's results suggest that the incorporation of TCS and DBM-OA into the PCL-based scaffold improves its mechanical behavior, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and promotes mineralization and early osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shohreh Mashayekhan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsane Soleimani
- Tarbiat Modares University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
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Ghosh R, Gupta S, Mehrotra S, Kumar A. Surface-Modified Diopside-Reinforced PCL Biopolymer Composites with Enhanced Interfacial Strength and Mechanical Properties for Orthopedic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7670-7685. [PMID: 38310585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The phase separation of ceramics in a biopolymer matrix makes it challenging to achieve satisfactory mechanical properties required for orthopedic applications. It has been found that silane coupling agents can modify the surface of the bioceramic phase by forming a molecular bridge between the polymer and the ceramic, resulting in improved interfacial strength and adhesion. Therefore, in the present study, silane-modified diopside (DI) ceramic and ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) biopolymer composites were fabricated by injection molding method. The silane modification of DI resulted in their uniform dispersion in the PCL matrix, whereas agglomeration was found in composites containing unmodified DI. The thermal stability of the silane-modified DI-containing composites also increased. The Young's modulus of the composite containing 50% w/w DI modified by 3% w/w silane increased by 103% compared to composites containing 50% w/w unmodified DI. The biodegradation of the unmodified composites was significantly high, indicating their weak interfacial strength with the PCL matrix (p ≤ 0.001). The osteoconductive behavior of the composites was also validated by in vitro cell-material studies. Overall, our findings supported that the silane-modified composites have improved surface roughness, mechanical, and osteoconductive properties compared to the unmodified composite and have the potential for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupita Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Sneha Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre for Nanosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
- Centre of Excellence for Orthopedics and Prosthetics, Gangwal School of Medical Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
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Podgórski R, Wojasiński M, Ciach T. Pushing boundaries in 3D printing: Economic pressure filament extruder for producing polymeric and polymer-ceramic filaments for 3D printers. HARDWAREX 2023; 16:e00486. [PMID: 37964896 PMCID: PMC10641689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2023.e00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
3D printing technology can deliver tailored, bioactive, and biodegradable bone implants. However, producing the new, experimental material for a 3D printer could be the first and one of the most challenging steps of the whole bone implant 3D printing process. Production of polymeric and polymer-ceramic filaments involves using costly filament extruders and significantly consuming expensive medical-grade materials. Commercial extruders frequently require a large amount of raw material for experimental purposes, even for small quantities of filament. In our publication, we propose a simple system for pressure filament extruding, which allows obtaining up to 1-meter-long filament suitable for fused filament fabrication-type 3D printers, requiring only 30 g of material to begin work. Our device is based on stainless steel pipes used as a container for material, a basic electric heating system with a proportional-integral-derivative controller, and a pressurised air source with an air pressure regulator. We tested our device on various mixes of polylactide and polycaprolactone with β-tricalcium phosphate and demonstrated the possibility of screening production and testing of new materials for 3D-printed bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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Minář J, Pilnaj D, Uřičář J, Veselý P, Dušek K. Application of solid-phase microextraction arrows for characterizing volatile organic compounds from 3D printing of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate filament. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464180. [PMID: 37393779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is an extensively used manufacturing technique that can pose specific health concerns due to the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Herein, a detailed characterization of 3D printing-related VOC using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) is described for the first time. The VOC were extracted in dynamic mode during the printing from the acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate filament in an environmental chamber. The effect of extraction time on the extraction efficiency of 16 main VOC was studied for four different commercial SPME arrows. The volatile and semivolatile compounds were the most effectively extracted by carbon wide range-containing and polydimethyl siloxane arrows, respectively. The differences in extraction efficiency between arrows were further correlated to the molecular volume, octanol-water partition coefficient, and vapour pressure of observed VOC. The repeatability of SPME arrows towards the main VOC was assessed from static mode measurements of filament in headspace vials. In addition, we performed a group analysis of 57 VOC classified into 15 categories according to their chemical structure. Divinylbenzene-polydimethyl siloxane arrow turned out to be a good compromise between the total extracted amount and its distribution among tested VOC. Thus, this arrow was used to demonstrate the usefulness of SPME for the qualification of VOC emitted during printing in a real-life environment. A presented methodology can serve as a fast and reliable method for the qualification and semi-quantification of 3D printing-related VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Minář
- Department of Electrotechnology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominik Pilnaj
- Department of Electrotechnology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Environment, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem 400 96, Czech Republic
| | - Jonáš Uřičář
- Department of Electrotechnology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Veselý
- Department of Electrotechnology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Dušek
- Department of Electrotechnology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
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8
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Tommasino C, Auriemma G, Sardo C, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Garofalo E, Morello S, Falcone G, Aquino RP. 3D printed macroporous scaffolds of PCL and inulin-g-P(D,L)LA for bone tissue engineering applications. Int J Pharm 2023:123093. [PMID: 37268029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair and tissue-engineering (BTE) approaches require novel biomaterials to produce scaffolds with required structural and biological characteristics and enhanced performances with respect to those currently available. In this study, PCL/INU-PLA hybrid biomaterial was prepared by blending of the aliphatic polyester poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with the amphiphilic graft copolymer Inulin-g-poly(D,L)lactide (INU-PLA) synthetized from biodegradable inulin (INU) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The hybrid material was suitable to be processed using fused filament fabrication 3D printing (FFF-3DP) technique rendering macroporous scaffolds. PCL and INU-PLA were firstly blended as thin films through solvent-casting method, and then extruded by hot melt extrusion (HME) in form of filaments processable by FFF-3DP. The physicochemical characterization of the hybrid new material showed high homogeneity, improved surface wettability/hydrophilicity as compared to PCL alone, and right thermal properties for FFF process. The 3D printed scaffolds exhibited dimensional and structural parameters very close to those of the digital model, and mechanical performances compatible with the human trabecular bone. In addition, in comparison to PCL, hybrid scaffolds showed an enhancement of surface properties, swelling ability, and in vitro biodegradation rate. In vitro biocompatibility screening through hemolysis assay, LDH cytotoxicity test on human fibroblasts, CCK-8 cell viability, and osteogenic activity (ALP evaluation) assays on human mesenchymal stem cells showed favorable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Tommasino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy. gauriemma%
| | - Carla Sardo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (IMATUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
| | - Emilia Garofalo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Falcone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Rita P Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Imran R, Al Rashid A, Koç M. Material Extrusion 3D Printing (ME3DP) Process Simulations of Polymeric Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2475. [PMID: 36984356 PMCID: PMC10056841 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an active area of research for bone defect treatment. Some polymeric materials have recently gained adequate attention as potential materials for BTE applications, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, inexpensive, lightweight, easy to process, and recyclable. Polyetherimide (PEI), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyamide-12 (PA12) are potential biocompatible materials for biomedical applications due to their excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The current study presents preliminary findings on the process simulations for 3D-printed polymeric porous scaffolds for a material extrusion 3D printing (ME3DP) process to observe the manufacturing constraints and scaffold quality with respect to designed structures (porous scaffolds). Different unit cell designs (ventils, grid, and octet) for porous scaffolds, virtually fabricated using three polymeric materials (PEI, ABS, and PA12), were investigated for process-induced defections and residual stresses. The numerical simulation results concluded that higher dimensional accuracy and control were achieved for grid unit cell scaffolds manufactured using PEI material; however, minimum residual stresses were achieved for grid unit cell scaffolds fabricated using PA12 material. Future studies will include the experimental validation of numerical simulation results and the biomechanical performance of 3D-printed polymeric scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Imran
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Ans Al Rashid
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Muammer Koç
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Karabük, Karabük 78050, Turkey
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10
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Podgórski R, Wojasiński M, Trepkowska-Mejer E, Ciach T. A simple and fast method for screening production of polymer-ceramic filaments for bone implant printing using commercial fused deposition modelling 3D printers. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 146:213317. [PMID: 36738523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is a promising technique for obtaining bone implants. However, 3D printed bone implants, especially those printed using fused deposition modelling, are still in the experimental phase despite decades of work. Research on new materials faces numerous limitations, such as reagents' cost and machines' high prices to produce filaments for 3D printing polymer-ceramic composites for fused deposition modelling. This paper presents a simple, low-cost, and fast method of obtaining polymer-ceramic filaments using apparatus consisting of parts available in a hardware store. The method's versatility for producing the filaments was demonstrated on two different biodegradable polymers - polylactic acid and polycaprolactone - and different concentrations of calcium phosphate - β-tricalcium phosphate - in the composite, up to 50 % by weight. For screening purposes, numerous scaffolds were 3D printed from the obtained filaments on a commercial 3D printer. Structural, mechanical, and biological tests show that the 3D printed scaffolds are suitable for bone implants, as their structure, mechanical, and non-cytotoxic properties are evident. Moreover, the proposed method of composite forming is a simplification of the processes of manufacturing and researching 3D printed materials with potential applications in the regeneration of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Podgórski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wojasiński
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Trepkowska-Mejer
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciach
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Department of Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Rajzer I, Kurowska A, Frankova J, Sklenářová R, Nikodem A, Dziadek M, Jabłoński A, Janusz J, Szczygieł P, Ziąbka M. 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Implants Modified with Bioglass and Zn-Doped Bioglass. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1061. [PMID: 36770074 PMCID: PMC9919585 DOI: 10.3390/ma16031061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, composite filaments in the form of sticks and 3D-printed scaffolds were investigated as a future component of an osteochondral implant. The first part of the work focused on the development of a filament modified with bioglass (BG) and Zn-doped BG obtained by injection molding. The main outcome was the manufacture of bioactive, strong, and flexible filament sticks of the required length, diameter, and properties. Then, sticks were used for scaffold production. We investigated the effect of bioglass addition on the samples mechanical and biological properties. The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and microtomography. The effect of bioglass addition on changes in the SBF mineralization process and cell morphology was evaluated. The presence of a spatial microstructure within the scaffolds affects their mechanical properties by reducing them. The tensile strength of the scaffolds compared to filaments was lower by 58-61%. In vitro mineralization experiments showed that apatite formed on scaffolds modified with BG after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Scaffold with Zn-doped BG showed a retarded apatite formation. Innovative 3D-printing filaments containing bioglasses have been successfully applied to print bioactive scaffolds with the surface suitable for cell attachment and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Rajzer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Anna Kurowska
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Jana Frankova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Renáta Sklenářová
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Nikodem
- Department of Mechanics, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Dziadek
- Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Jabłoński
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Jarosław Janusz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Piotr Szczygieł
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ziąbka
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Ansari MAA, Jain PK, Nanda HS. Preparation of 3D printed calcium sulfate filled PLA scaffolds with improved mechanical and degradation properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36628582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2167374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold is one of the key components for tissue engineering application. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has given a new avenue to the scaffolds design to closely mimic the real tissue. However, material selection has always been a challenge in adopting 3D printing for scaffolds fabrication, especially for hard tissue. The fused filament fabrication technique is one of the economical 3D printing technology available today, which can efficiently fabricate scaffolds with its key features. In the present study, a hybrid polymer-ceramic scaffold has been prepared by combining the benefit of synthetic biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and osteoconductive calcium sulphate (CaS), to harness the advantage of both materials. Composite PLA filament with maximum ceramic loading of 40 wt% was investigated for its printability and subsequently scaffolds were 3D printed. The composite filament was extruded at a temperature of 160 °C at a constant speed with an average diameter of 1.66 ± 0.34 mm. PLA-CaS scaffold with ceramic content of 10%, 20%, and 40% was 3D printed with square pore geometry. The developed scaffolds were characterized for their thermal stability, mechanical, morphological, and geometrical accuracy. The mechanical strength was improved by 29% at 20 wt% of CaS. The porosity was found to be 50-60% with an average pore size of 550 µm with well-interconnected pores. The effect of CaS particles on the degradation behaviour of scaffolds was also assessed over an incubation period of 28 days. The CaS particles acted as porogen and improved the surface chemistry for future cellular activity, while accelerating the degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aftab Alam Ansari
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Fused Filament Fabrication Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Jain
- Fused Filament Fabrication Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Introduction to three-dimensional printing in medicine. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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14
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Kim J, Park H, Yoon C. Advances in Biodegradable Soft Robots. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214574. [PMID: 36365570 PMCID: PMC9658808 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable soft robots have been proposed for a variety of intelligent applications in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and bionics. Biodegradability offers an extraordinary functional advantage to soft robots for operations accompanying smart shape transformation in response to external stimuli such as heat, pH, and light. This review primarily surveyed the current advanced scientific and engineering strategies for integrating biodegradable materials within stimuli-responsive soft robots. It also focused on the fabrication methodologies of multiscale biodegradable soft robots, and highlighted the role of biodegradable soft robots in enhancing the multifunctional properties of drug delivery capsules, biopsy tools, smart actuators, and sensors. Lastly, the current challenges and perspectives on the future development of intelligent soft robots for operation in real environments were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Harim Park
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - ChangKyu Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Correspondence:
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15
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Barbosa TV, Dernowsek JA, Tobar RR, Casali BC, Fortulan CA, Ferreira EBF, Selistre de Araújo HS, Branciforti MC. Fabrication, morphological, mechanical and biological performance of 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioglass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35948004 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac88ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Several techniques, such as additive manufacturing, have been used for the manufacture of polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. A new extruder head recently developed for improving the manufacturing process is an experimental 3D printer Fab@CTI that enables the use of ceramic powders in the processing of composite materials or polymer blends. Still, the manufacturing process needs improvement to promotes the dispersion of ceramic particles in the polymer matrix. This article addresses the manufacture of scaffolds by 3D printing from mixtures of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and a glass powder of same composition of 45S5Bioglass®, labeled as synthesized bioglass (SBG), according to two different methods that investigated the efficiency of the new extruder head. The first one is a single extrusion process in a Fab@CTI 3D printer, and the other consists in the pre-processing of the PCL-SBG mixture in a mono-screw extruder with a Maddock®element, followed by direct extrusion in the experimental Fab@CTI 3D printer. The morphological characterization of the extruded samples by SEM showed an architecture of 0o/90o interconnected struts and suitable porosity for bone tissue engineering applications. Scaffolds fabricated by two methods shows compressive modulus ranging from 54.4 ± 14.2 MPa to 155.9 ± 20.4 MPa, results that are compatible to use in bone tissue engineering. Cytotoxicity assays showed non-toxic effects and viability for in vitro MG-63 cell proliferation. Alizarin Red staining test showed calcium deposition in all scaffolds, which suggests PCL/SBG composites promising candidates for use in bone tissue engineering. Results of cell morphology suggest more cell growth and adhesion for scaffolds fabricated using the pre-processing in a mono-screw extruder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Villa Barbosa
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao-carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Janaina Andréa Dernowsek
- Three-Dimensional Technologies Division, Renato Archer Information Technology Center, Rodovia Dom Pedro I, km 143, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13069-901, BRAZIL
| | - Raul Revelo Tobar
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao-carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Bruna Carla Casali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao-carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Eduardo Bellini Ferreira Ferreira
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao-carlense, 400, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, 13565-905, BRAZIL
| | - Marcia Cristina Branciforti
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador Sao-carlense, 400, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
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16
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Moon SH, Choi HN, Yang YJ. Natural/Synthetic Polymer Materials for Bioink Development. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Recent advances in 3D-printed polylactide and polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:930-968. [PMID: 35896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The three-dimensional printing (3DP) also known as the additive manufacturing (AM), a novel and futuristic technology that facilitates the printing of multiscale, biomimetic, intricate cytoarchitecture, function-structure hierarchy, multi-cellular tissues in the complicated micro-environment, patient-specific scaffolds, and medical devices. There is an increasing demand for developing 3D-printed products that can be utilized for organ transplantations due to the organ shortage. Nowadays, the 3DP has gained considerable interest in the tissue engineering (TE) field. Polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) are exemplary biomaterials with excellent physicochemical properties and biocompatibility, which have drawn notable attraction in tissue regeneration. Herein, the recent advancements in the PLA and PCL biodegradable polymer-based composites as well as their reinforcement with hydrogels and bio-ceramics scaffolds manufactured through 3DP are systematically summarized and the applications of bone, cardiac, neural, vascularized and skin tissue regeneration are thoroughly elucidated. The interaction between implanted biodegradable polymers, in-vivo and in-vitro testing models for possible evaluation of degradation and biological properties are also illustrated. The final section of this review incorporates the current challenges and future opportunities in the 3DP of PCL- and PLA-based composites that will prove helpful for biomedical engineers to fulfill the demands of the clinical field.
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Ansari MAA, Golebiowska AA, Dash M, Kumar P, Jain PK, Nukavarapu SP, Ramakrishna S, Nanda HS. Engineering biomaterials to 3D-print scaffolds for bone regeneration: practical and theoretical consideration. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2789-2816. [PMID: 35510605 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
There are more than 2 million bone grafting procedures performed annually in the US alone. Despite significant efforts, the repair of large segmental bone defects is a substantial clinical challenge which requires bone substitute materials or a bone graft. The available biomaterials lack the adequate mechanical strength to withstand the static and dynamic loads while maintaining sufficient porosity to facilitate cell in-growth and vascularization during bone tissue regeneration. A wide range of advanced biomaterials are being currently designed to mimic the physical as well as the chemical composition of a bone by forming polymer blends, polymer-ceramic and polymer-degradable metal composites. Transforming these novel biomaterials into porous and load-bearing structures via three-dimensional printing (3DP) has emerged as a popular manufacturing technique to develop engineered bone grafts. 3DP has been adopted as a versatile tool to design and develop bone grafts that satisfy porosity and mechanical requirements while having the ability to form grafts of varied shapes and sizes to meet the physiological requirements. In addition to providing surfaces for cell attachment and eventual bone formation, these bone grafts also have to provide physical support during the repair process. Hence, the mechanical competence of the 3D-printed scaffold plays a key role in the success of the implant. In this review, we present various recent strategies that have been utilized to design and develop robust biomaterials that can be deployed for 3D-printing bone substitutes. The article also reviews some of the practical, theoretical and biological considerations adopted in the 3D-structure design and development for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aftab Alam Ansari
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical engineering discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, India.
- FFF Laboratory, Mechanical engineering discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, India.
- International Centre for Sustainable and Net Zero Technologies, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Jabalpur, Dumna Airport Road, Jabalpur-482005, MP, India
| | - Aleksandra A Golebiowska
- Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247 Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Madhusmita Dash
- School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Arugul, Khurdha 752050, Odisha, India
- International Centre for Sustainable and Net Zero Technologies, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Jabalpur, Dumna Airport Road, Jabalpur-482005, MP, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- Biodesign and Medical device laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Prashant Kumar Jain
- FFF Laboratory, Mechanical engineering discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, India.
| | - Syam P Nukavarapu
- Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247 Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117587, Singapore
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical engineering discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, India.
- International Centre for Sustainable and Net Zero Technologies, PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Jabalpur, Dumna Airport Road, Jabalpur-482005, MP, India
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19
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Wu Y, Lu Y, Zhao M, Bosiakov S, Li L. A Critical Review of Additive Manufacturing Techniques and Associated Biomaterials Used in Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102117. [PMID: 35631999 PMCID: PMC9143308 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the ability to fabricate complex structures while meeting individual needs, additive manufacturing (AM) offers unprecedented opportunities for bone tissue engineering in the biomedical field. However, traditional metal implants have many adverse effects due to their poor integration with host tissues, and therefore new material implants with porous structures are gradually being developed that are suitable for clinical medical applications. From the perspectives of additive manufacturing technology and materials, this article discusses a suitable manufacturing process for ideal materials for biological bone tissue engineering. It begins with a review of the methods and applicable materials in existing additive manufacturing technologies and their applications in biomedicine, introducing the advantages and disadvantages of various AM technologies. The properties of materials including metals and polymers, commonly used AM technologies, recent developments, and their applications in bone tissue engineering are discussed in detail and summarized. In addition, the main challenges for different metallic and polymer materials, such as biodegradability, anisotropy, growth factors to promote the osteogenic capacity, and enhancement of mechanical properties are also introduced. Finally, the development prospects for AM technologies and biomaterials in bone tissue engineering are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sergei Bosiakov
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Belarusian State University, No. 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue, 220030 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Injectable Hydrogel Based on Protein-Polyester Microporous Network as an Implantable Niche for Active Cell Recruitment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040709. [PMID: 35456546 PMCID: PMC9024632 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the potential of hydrogel-based localized cancer therapies, their efficacy can be limited by cancer recurrence. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a hydrogel system that can provoke robust and durable immune response in the human body. This study has developed an injectable protein-polymer-based porous hydrogel network composed of lysozyme and poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide (PCLA) (Lys-PCLA) bioconjugate for the active recruitment dendritic cells (DCs). The Lys-PCLA bioconjugates are prepared using thiol-ene reaction between thiolated lysozyme (Lys-SH) and acrylated PCLA (PCLA-Ac). The free-flowing Lys-PCLA bioconjugate sols at low temperature transformed to immovable gel at the physiological condition and exhibited stability upon dilution with buffers. According to the in vitro toxicity test, the Lys-PCLA bioconjugate and PCLA copolymer were non-toxic to RAW 263.7 cells at higher concentrations (1000 µg/mL). In addition, subcutaneous administration of Lys-PCLA bioconjugate sols formed stable hydrogel depot instantly, which suggested the in situ gel forming ability of the bioconjugate. Moreover, the Lys-PCLA bioconjugate hydrogel depot formed at the interface between subcutaneous tissue and dermis layers allowed the active migration and recruitment of DCs. As suggested by these results, the in-situ forming injectable Lys-PCLA bioconjugate hydrogel depot may serve as an implantable immune niche for the recruitment and modification of DCs.
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21
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Hedayati SK, Behravesh AH, Hasannia S, Kordi O, Pourghaumi M, Saed AB, Gashtasbi F. Additive manufacture of PCL/nHA scaffolds reinforced with biodegradable continuous Fibers: Mechanical Properties, in-vitro degradation Profile, and cell study. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Backes EH, Harb SV, Beatrice CAG, Shimomura KMB, Passador FR, Costa LC, Pessan LA. Polycaprolactone usage in additive manufacturing strategies for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1479-1503. [PMID: 34918463 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been extensively applied on tissue engineering because of its low-melting temperature, good processability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanical resistance, and relatively low cost. The advance of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in the past decade have boosted the fabrication of customized PCL products, with shorter processing time and absence of material waste. In this context, this review focuses on the use of AM techniques to produce PCL scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications, including bone, muscle, cartilage, skin, and cardiovascular tissue regeneration. The search for optimized geometry, porosity, interconnectivity, controlled degradation rate, and tailored mechanical properties are explored as a tool for enhancing PCL biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, rheological and thermal behavior is discussed in terms of filament and scaffold production. Finally, a roadmap for future research is outlined, including the combination of PCL struts with cell-laden hydrogels and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Backes
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samarah Vargas Harb
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Kawany Munique Boriolo Shimomura
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Pessan
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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23
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Kim HS, Kim M, Kim D, Choi EJ, Do SH, Kim G. 3D macroporous biocomposites with a microfibrous topographical cue enhance new bone formation through activation of the MAPK signaling pathways. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Yoshida M, Turner PR, McAdam CJ, Ali MA, Cabral JD. A comparison between β-tricalcium phosphate verse chitosan poly-caprolactone-based 3D melt extruded composite scaffolds. Biopolymers 2021; 113:e23482. [PMID: 34812488 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Melt extrusion 3D printing has become an attractive additive manufacturing technology to construct degradable scaffolds as tissue precursors in order to create clinically relevant medical devices. Towards this end, a commonly used synthetic polyester, poly-caprolactone (PCL), was used to make scaffolds composed of different biomaterial compositions to increase bioactivity using 3D melt pneumatic extrusion technology. Varying ratios of the natural biopolymer, chitosan, or the bioceramic, β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were blended with PCL to fabricate support scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) architecture for human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) growth for potential bone regeneration application. In this study, basic printing requirements as well as biomaterial dynamic mechanical (DMA), elemental, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis results demonstrate material homogeneity as well as thermal stability. Scaffold morphology and microarchitecture were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) alongside in vitro scaffold degradation and biological characterisation. Human BMSC proliferation was assessed using fluorescence imaging, and quantitated via the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. These in vitro cell viability studies revealed that the highest chitosan concentration blend of 20% favoured the most hBMSC growth, exhibited the most swelling, and showed minimal degradation after 28 days. The 20% TCP blend had the second highest hBMSC growth, exhibited moderate swelling, and the fastest degradation rate. Overall, this study demonstrates the first direct comparison of a natural biopolymer-based, that is, chitosan, 3D melt extruded PCL composite with that of a bioceramic-based, that is, β-TCP, PCL composite and their effects on hBMSC 3D proliferation. 3D melt extruded PCL-based composite scaffolds methodology offers a straightforward way to print scaffolds with good shape fidelity, interconnected porosities and enhanced bioactivity; and demonstrates their potential use for regenerative, bone repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Yoshida
- Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, School of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul R Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Mohammed Azam Ali
- Centre of Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, School of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jaydee D Cabral
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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25
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Miyajima H, Touji H, Iijima K. Hydroxyapatite Particles from Simulated Body Fluids with Different pH and Their Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102517. [PMID: 34684958 PMCID: PMC8538532 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone-like hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been prepared by biomimetic synthesis using simulated body fluid (SBF), mimicking inorganic ion concentrations in human plasma, or 1.5SBF that has 1.5-times higher ion concentrations than SBF. In this study, the controllable preparations of HAp particles from 1.5SBF with different pH values were examined. The particles obtained as precipitates from 1.5SBF showed different morphologies and crystallinities depending on the pH of 1.5SBF. Micro-sized particles at pH 7.4 of 1.5SBF had a higher Ca/P ratio and crystallinity as compared with nano-sized particles at pH 8.0 and pH 8.4 of 1.5SBF. However, a mixture of micro-sized and nano-sized particles was obtained from pH 7.7 of 1.5SBF. When Ca2+ concentrations in 1.5SBF during mineralization were monitored, the concentration at pH 7.4 drastically decreased from 12 to 24 h. At higher pH, such as 8.0 and 8.4, the Ca2+ concentrations decreased during pH adjustment and slightly decreased even after 48 h. In this investigation at pH 7.7, the Ca2+ concentrations were higher than pH 8.0 and 8.4.Additionally, cytotoxicity of the obtained precipitates to mesenchymal stem cells was lower than that of synthetic HAp. Controllable preparation HAp particles from SBF has potential applications in the construction of building components of cell scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miyajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Touji
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
| | - Kazutoshi Iijima
- Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-339-3997
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26
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Mohaghegh S, Hosseini SF, Rad MR, Khojateh A. 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering: A systematic review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:648-709. [PMID: 35135465 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the effect of fabrication factors on both biological and physico-chemical features of 3-dimensional (3D) printed composite scaffolds. METHOD Electronic search was done according to the PRISMA guideline in PubMed and Scopus databases limited to English articles published until May 2021.Studies in which composite scaffolds were fabricated through computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-based methods were included.Articles regarding the features of the scaffolds fabricated through indirect techniques were excluded. RESULTS Full text of 121 studies were reviewed, and 69 met the inclusion criteria. According to analyzed studies, PCL and HA were the most commonly used polymer and ceramic,respectively. Besides,the Solvent-based technique was the most commonly used composition technique, which enabled preparing blends with high concentrations of ceramic materials. The most common fabrication method used in the included studies was Fused deposition modeling (FDM).The addition of bio-ceramics enhanced the mechanical features and the biological behaviors of the printed scaffolds in a ratio-dependent manner. However,studies that analyzed the effect of ceramic weight ratio showed that scaffolds with the highest ceramic content did not necessarily possess the optimal biological and non-biological features. CONCLUSION The biological and physico-chemical behaviors of the scaffold can be affected by pre-printing factors, including utilized materials, composition techniques, and fabrication methods. Fabricating scaffolds with high mineral content as of the natural bone may not provide the optimal condition for bone formation. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies compare the efficiency of different kinds of biomaterials rather than different weight ratios of one type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Mohaghegh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
| | - Arash Khojateh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Iran
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Zaszczyńska A, Moczulska-Heljak M, Gradys A, Sajkiewicz P. Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3149. [PMID: 34201163 PMCID: PMC8226963 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds have enormous significance for the possibility of regeneration of complex tissue structures or even whole organs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques allow fabricating TE scaffolds, having an extremely complex structure, in a repeatable and precise manner. Moreover, they enable the easy application of computer-assisted methods to TE scaffold design. The latest additive manufacturing techniques open up opportunities not otherwise available. This study aimed to summarize the state-of-art field of 3D printing techniques in applications for tissue engineering with a focus on the latest advancements. The following topics are discussed: systematics of the available 3D printing techniques applied for TE scaffold fabrication; overview of 3D printable biomaterials and advancements in 3D-printing-assisted tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Zaszczyńska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryla Moczulska-Heljak
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gradys
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Sajkiewicz
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Justino Netto JM, Idogava HT, Frezzatto Santos LE, Silveira ZDC, Romio P, Alves JL. Screw-assisted 3D printing with granulated materials: a systematic review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 2021; 115:2711-2727. [PMID: 34092883 PMCID: PMC8169388 DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021-07365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic review on extrusion additive manufacturing (EAM), with focus on the technological development of screw-assisted systems that can be fed directly with granulated materials. Screw-assisted EAM has gained importance as an enabling technology to expand the range of 3D printing materials, reduce costs associated with feedstock fabrication, and increase the material deposition rate compared to traditional fused filament fabrication (FFF). Many experimental printheads and commercial systems that use some screw-processing mechanism can be found in the literature, but the design diversity and lack of standard terminology make it difficult to determine the most suitable solutions for a given material or application field. Besides, the few previous reviews have offered only a glimpse into the topic, without an in-depth analysis about the design of the extruders and associated capabilities. A systematic procedure was devised to identify the screw-assisted EAM systems that can print directly from granulated materials, resulting in 61 articles describing different pieces of equipment that were categorized as experimental printheads and commercial systems, for small- and large-scale applications. After describing their main characteristics, the most significant extruder modifications were discussed with reference to the materials processed and performance requirements. In the end, a general workflow for the development of 3D printers based on screw extrusion was proposed. This review intends to provide information about the state-of-the-art screw-assisted EAM and help the academy to identify further research opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Manoel Justino Netto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Henrique Takashi Idogava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | | | - Zilda de Castro Silveira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Romio
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, INEGI, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lino Alves
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, INEGI, Porto, Portugal
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Mancuso E, Shah L, Jindal S, Serenelli C, Tsikriteas ZM, Khanbareh H, Tirella A. Additively manufactured BaTiO 3 composite scaffolds: A novel strategy for load bearing bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112192. [PMID: 34082989 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric ceramics, such as BaTiO3, have gained considerable attention in bone tissue engineering applications thanks to their biocompatibility, ability to sustain a charged surface as well as improve bone cells' adhesion and proliferation. However, the poor processability and brittleness of these materials hinder the fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for load bearing tissue engineering applications. For the first time, this study focused on the fabrication and characterisation of BaTiO3 composite scaffolds by using a multi-material 3D printing technology. Polycaprolactone (PCL) was selected and used as dispersion phase for its low melting point, easy processability and wide adoption in bone tissue engineering. The proposed single-step extrusion-based strategy enabled a faster and solvent-free process, where raw materials in powder forms were mechanically mixed and subsequently fed into the 3D printing system for further processing. PCL, PCL/hydroxyapatite and PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds were successfully produced with high level of consistency and an inner architecture made of seamlessly integrated layers. The inclusion of BaTiO3 ceramic particles (10% wt.) significantly improved the mechanical performance of the scaffolds (54 ± 0.5 MPa) compared to PCL/hydroxyapatite scaffolds (40.4 ± 0.1 MPa); moreover, the presence of BaTiO3 increased the dielectric permittivity over the entire frequency spectrum and tested temperatures. Human osteoblasts Saos-2 were seeded on scaffolds and cellular adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and deposition of bone-like extracellular matrix were evaluated. All tested scaffolds (PCL, PCL/hydroxyapatite and PCL/BaTiO3) supported cell growth and viability, preserving the characteristic cellular osteoblastic phenotype morphology, with PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds exhibiting higher mineralisation (ALP activity) and deposited bone-like extracellular matrix (osteocalcin and collagen I). The single-step multi-material additive manufacturing technology used for the fabrication of electroactive PCL/BaTiO3 composite scaffolds holds great promise for sustainability (reduced material waste and manufacturing costs) and it importantly suggests PCL/BaTiO3 scaffolds as promising candidates for load bearing bone tissue engineering applications to solve unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mancuso
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom.
| | - Lekha Shah
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FMBH), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Jindal
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Cecile Serenelli
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hamideh Khanbareh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (FMBH), University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Backes EH, Nóbile Pires L, Selistre‐de‐Araujo HS, Costa LC, Passador FR, Pessan LA. Development and characterization of printable
PLA
/
β‐TCP
bioactive composites for bone tissue applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Backes
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Laís Nóbile Pires
- Materials Engineering Department Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Fabio Roberto Passador
- Science and Technology Institute Federal University of São Paulo São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Pessan
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos SP Brazil
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Long J, Nand A, Ray S. Application of Spectroscopy in Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14010203. [PMID: 33406712 PMCID: PMC7795079 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly expanding material production technique that brings new opportunities in various fields as it enables fast and low-cost prototyping as well as easy customisation. However, it is still hindered by raw material selection, processing defects and final product assessment/adjustment in pre-, in- and post-processing stages. Spectroscopic techniques offer suitable inspection, diagnosis and product trouble-shooting at each stage of AM processing. This review outlines the limitations in AM processes and the prospective role of spectroscopy in addressing these challenges. An overview on the principles and applications of AM techniques is presented, followed by the principles of spectroscopic techniques involved in AM and their applications in assessing additively manufactured parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjunjiao Long
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Ashveen Nand
- School of Environmental and Animal Sciences and School of Healthcare and Social Practice, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland 1025, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Sudip Ray
- MBIE Product Accelerator Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (A.N.); (S.R.)
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Melčová V, Svoradová K, Menčík P, Kontárová S, Rampichová M, Hedvičáková V, Sovková V, Přikryl R, Vojtová L. FDM 3D Printed Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Based on Plasticized Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactide) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2806. [PMID: 33260879 PMCID: PMC7761374 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a current trend in the regenerative medicine putting pressure on scientists to develop highly functional materials and methods for scaffolds' preparation. In this paper, the calibrated filaments for Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based on plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,l-lactide) 70/30 blend modified with tricalcium phosphate bioceramics were prepared. Two different plasticizers, Citroflex (n-Butyryl tri-n-hexyl citrate) and Syncroflex (oligomeric adipate ester), both used in the amount of 12 wt%, were compared. The printing parameters for these materials were optimized and the printability was evaluated by recently published warping test. The samples were studied with respect to their thermal and mechanical properties, followed by biological in vitro tests including proliferation, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. According to the results from differential scanning calorimetry and tensile measurements, the Citroflex-based plasticizer showed very good softening effect at the expense of worse printability and unsatisfactory performance during biological testing. On the other hand, the samples with Syncroflex demonstrated lower warping tendency compared to commercial polylactide filament with the warping coefficient one third lower. Moreover, the Syncroflex-based samples exhibited the non-cytotoxicity and promising biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Melčová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Kateřina Svoradová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Přemysl Menčík
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Soňa Kontárová
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Michala Rampichová
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Věra Hedvičáková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Věra Sovková
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (V.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (P.M.); (S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Lucy Vojtová
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Advanced Biomaterials, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Donate R, Monzón M, Alemán-Domínguez ME. Additive manufacturing of PLA-based scaffolds intended for bone regeneration and strategies to improve their biological properties. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most commonly used materials in the biomedical sector because of its processability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Among the different techniques that are feasible to process this biomaterial, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained attention recently, as it provides the possibility of tuning the design of the structures. This flexibility in the design stage allows the customization of the parts in order to optimize their use in the tissue engineering field. In the recent years, the application of PLA for the manufacture of bone scaffolds has been especially relevant, since numerous studies have proven the potential of this biomaterial for bone regeneration. This review contains a description of the specific requirements in the regeneration of bone and how the state of the art have tried to address them with different strategies to develop PLA-based scaffolds by AM techniques and with improved biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Donate
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mario Monzón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Elena Alemán-Domínguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, 35017, Las Palmas, Spain
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Negut I, Dorcioman G, Grumezescu V. Scaffolds for Wound Healing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2010. [PMID: 32899245 PMCID: PMC7563417 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the shortcomings related to unspecific and partially efficient conventional wound dressings, impressive efforts are oriented in the development and evaluation of new and effective platforms for wound healing applications. In situ formed wound dressings provide several advantages, including proper adaptability for wound bed microstructure and architecture, facile application, patient compliance and enhanced therapeutic effects. Natural or synthetic, composite or hybrid biomaterials represent suitable candidates for accelerated wound healing, by providing proper air and water vapor permeability, structure for macro- and microcirculation, support for cellular migration and proliferation, protection against microbial invasion and external contamination. Besides being the most promising choice for wound care applications, polymeric biomaterials (either from natural or synthetic sources) may exhibit intrinsic wound healing properties. Several nanotechnology-derived biomaterials proved great potential for wound healing applications, including micro- and nanoparticulate systems, fibrous scaffolds, and hydrogels. The present paper comprises the most recent data on modern and performant strategies for effective wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Grumezescu
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania; (I.N.); (G.D.)
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Mobaraki M, Ghaffari M, Yazdanpanah A, Luo Y, Mills D. Bioinks and bioprinting: A focused review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Wang C, Huang W, Zhou Y, He L, He Z, Chen Z, He X, Tian S, Liao J, Lu B, Wei Y, Wang M. 3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:82-91. [PMID: 31956737 PMCID: PMC6962643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is promising in realizing successful treatments of human body tissue loss that current methods cannot treat well or achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. In scaffold-based bone tissue engineering, a high performance scaffold underpins the success of a bone tissue engineering strategy and a major direction in the field is to produce bone tissue engineering scaffolds with desirable shape, structural, physical, chemical and biological features for enhanced biological performance and for regenerating complex bone tissues. Three-dimensional (3D) printing can produce customized scaffolds that are highly desirable for bone tissue engineering. The enormous interest in 3D printing and 3D printed objects by the science, engineering and medical communities has led to various developments of the 3D printing technology and wide investigations of 3D printed products in many industries, including biomedical engineering, over the past decade. It is now possible to create novel bone tissue engineering scaffolds with customized shape, architecture, favorable macro-micro structure, wettability, mechanical strength and cellular responses. This article provides a concise review of recent advances in the R & D of 3D printing of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. It also presents our philosophy and research in the designing and fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds through 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and health engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Libing He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ziling Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Bingheng Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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3D-printed PLA/HA composite structures as synthetic trabecular bone: A feasibility study using fused deposition modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103608. [PMID: 32090935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing has significant advantages, in the biomedical field, allowing for customized medical products where complex architectures can be achieved directly. While additive manufacturing can be used to fabricate synthetic bone models, this approach is limited by the printing resolution, at the level of the trabecular bone architecture. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities of using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to this end. To better mimic real bone, both in terms of mechanical properties and biodegradability, a composite of degradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and hydroxyapatite (HA) was used as the filament. Three PLA/HA composite formulations with 5-10-15 wt% HA were evaluated, and scaled up human trabecular bone models were printed using these materials. Morphometric and mechanical properties of the printed models were evaluated by micro-computed tomography, compression and screw pull out tests. It was shown that the trabecular architecture could be reproduced with FDM and PLA by applying a scaling factor of 2-4. The incorporation of HA particles reduced the printing accuracy, with respect to morphology, but showed potential for enhancement of the mechanical properties. The scaled-up models displayed comparable, or slightly enhanced, strength compared to the commonly used polymeric foam synthetic bone models (i.e. Sawbones). Reproducing the trabecular morphology by 3D printed PLA/HA composites appears to be a promising strategy for synthetic bone models, when high printed resolution can be achieved.
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3D printing of biopolymer nanocomposites for tissue engineering: Nanomaterials, processing and structure-function relation. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Müller M, Fisch P, Molnar M, Eggert S, Binelli M, Maniura-Weber K, Zenobi-Wong M. Development and thorough characterization of the processing steps of an ink for 3D printing for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110510. [PMID: 31924006 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Achieving reproducibility in the 3D printing of biomaterials requires a robust polymer synthesis method to reduce batch-to-batch variation as well as methods to assure a thorough characterization throughout the manufacturing process. Particularly biomaterial inks containing large solid fractions such as ceramic particles, often required for bone tissue engineering applications, are prone to inhomogeneity originating from inadequate mixing or particle aggregation which can lead to inconsistent printing results. The production of such an ink for bone tissue engineering consisting of gellan gum methacrylate (GG-MA), hyaluronic acid methacrylate and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles was therefore optimized in terms of GG-MA synthesis and ink preparation process, and the ink's printability was thoroughly characterized to assure homogeneous and reproducible printing results. A new buffer mediated synthesis method for GG-MA resulted in consistent degrees of substitution which allowed the creation of large 5 g batches. We found that both the new synthesis as well as cryomilling of the polymer components of the ink resulted in a decrease in viscosity from 113 kPa·s to 11.3 kPa·s at a shear rate of 0.1 s-1 but increased ink homogeneity. The ink homogeneity was assessed through thermogravimetric analysis and a newly developed extrusion force measurement setup. The ink displayed strong inter-layer adhesion between two printed ink layers as well as between a layer of ink with and a layer without HAp. The large polymer batch production along with the characterization of the ink during the manufacturing process allows ink production in the gram scale and could be used in applications such as the printing of osteochondral grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc Molnar
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Eggert
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Binelli
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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42
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Schachtner J, Frohbergh M, Hickok N, Kurtz S. Are Medical Grade Bioabsorbable Polymers a Viable Material for Fused Filament Fabrication? J Med Device 2019; 13:0310081-310085. [PMID: 31700564 DOI: 10.1115/1.4043841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar fusion surgery has grown in popularity as a solution to lower back pain. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of spinal surgery, affecting as high as 8.5% of the patient population. If the SSI cannot be eradicated with intravenous antibiotics, the next step is second surgery, which increases the cost imposed on the patient and extends recovery time. An implantable ultrasound-triggered polyether ether ketone device for the dispersal of antibiotics has been developed as a potential solution. In this study, the device was constructed of bioabsorbable medical grade polymer, enabling gradual degradation, and manufactured via fused filament fabrication (FFF). A novel bioabsorbable filament was manufactured and validated with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The filament was consistent in molecular weight and thermal properties (p = 0.348 and p = 0.487, respectively). The filament was utilized for FFF of the device. Dimensional accuracy of the device was assessed with μCT analysis. Dimensional differences between the printed device and intended design were minimal. Degradation of raw material, filament, and the device was performed in accordance to ASTM F1635-16 for a month to determine how melting the material impacted the degradation properties. The degradation rate was found to be similar among the samples weeks one through three however, the raw material degraded at a slower rate by the final week (p = 0.039). This study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing medical grade bioabsorbable polymers in FFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Schachtner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,Drexel University, 3440 Market Street, Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael Frohbergh
- Exponent, Inc., 3440 Market Street, Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA 19104 e-mail:
| | - Noreen Hickok
- Department of Orthopedics, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street Curtis Building, Room 501, Philadelphia, PA 19107 e-mail:
| | - Steven Kurtz
- Exponent, Inc., 3440 Market St. Suite 600, Philadelphia, PA 19104 e-mail:
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43
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Assessment of PCL/carbon material scaffolds for bone regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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44
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Polydimethylsiloxane and poly(ether) ether ketone functionally graded composites for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Rahim TNAT, Abdullah AM, Md Akil H. Recent Developments in Fused Deposition Modeling-Based 3D Printing of Polymers and Their Composites. POLYM REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2019.1597883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Noraihan Azila Tuan Rahim
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Manaf Abdullah
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hazizan Md Akil
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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46
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Ma J, Lin L, Zuo Y, Zou Q, Ren X, Li J, Li Y. Modification of 3D printed PCL scaffolds by PVAc and HA to enhance cytocompatibility and osteogenesis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5338-5346. [PMID: 35515952 PMCID: PMC9060692 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06652c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of PVAc and HA on the surface structure of PCL and the in vivo bone repair activity of scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Ma
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lili Lin
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Ren
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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47
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Huang B, Vyas C, Roberts I, Poutrel QA, Chiang WH, Blaker JJ, Huang Z, Bártolo P. Fabrication and characterisation of 3D printed MWCNT composite porous scaffolds for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 98:266-278. [PMID: 30813027 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with exceptional physical and chemical properties are attracting significant interest in the field of tissue engineering. Several reports investigated CNTs biocompatibility and their impact in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation mainly using polymer/CNTs membranes. However, these 2D membranes are not able to emulate the complex in vivo environment. In this paper, additive manufacturing (3D printing) is used to create composite 3D porous scaffolds containing different loadings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (0.25, 0.75 and 3 wt%) for bone tissue regeneration. Pre-processed and processed materials were extensively characterised in terms of printability, morphological and topographic characteristics and thermal, mechanical and biological properties. Scaffolds with pore sizes ranging between 366 μm and 397 μm were successfully produced and able to sustain early-stage human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attachment and proliferation. Results show that MWCNTs enhances protein adsorption, mechanical and biological properties. Composite scaffolds, particularly the 3 wt% loading of MWCNTs, seem to be good candidates for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Huang
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cian Vyas
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iwan Roberts
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Twain University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jonny J Blaker
- School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhucheng Huang
- Department of Mineral Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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48
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Polycaprolactone–carboxymethyl cellulose composites for manufacturing porous scaffolds by material extrusion. Biodes Manuf 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-018-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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49
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ŞAHİN YM. Synthesis of an Antimicrobial Thioanthraquinone Compound to Produce Biodegradable Electrospun Mats for Tissue Engineering Purposes. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.422255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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50
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Ahlfeld T, Doberenz F, Kilian D, Vater C, Korn P, Lauer G, Lode A, Gelinsky M. Bioprinting of mineralized constructs utilizing multichannel plotting of a self-setting calcium phosphate cement and a cell-laden bioink. Biofabrication 2018; 10:045002. [PMID: 30004388 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aad36d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their characteristic resemblance of the mineral component of bone, calcium phosphates are widely accepted as optimal bone substitute materials. Recent research focused on the development of pasty calcium phosphate cement (CPC) formulations, which can be fabricated into various shapes by low-temperature extrusion-based additive manufacturing, namely 3D plotting. While it could be demonstrated that sensitive substances like growth factors can be integrated in such printed CPC scaffolds without impairment of their biological activity live cells cannot be suspended in CPC as they may not be functional when enclosed in a solid and stiff matrix. In contrast, 3D bioprinting of soft cell-laden hydrogels (bioinks) enables the fabrication of constructs with spatially defined cell distribution, which has the potential to overcome problems of conventional cell seeding techniques-but such objects lack mechanical stability. Herein, we combine 3D plotting of CPC and bioprinting of a cell-laden bioink for the first time. As model bioink, an alginate-methylcellulose blend (alg/mc) was used, previously developed by us. Firstly, a fabrication regime was established, enabling optimal setting of CPC and cell survival inside the bioink. As the cells are exposed to the chemical changes of CPC precursors during setting, we studied the compatibility of the complex system of CPC and cell-laden alg/mc for a combined extrusion process and characterized the cellular behavior of encapsulated human mesenchymal stroma cells within the bioink at the interface and in direct vicinity to the CPC. Furthermore, biphasic scaffolds were mechanically characterized and a model for osteochondral tissue grafts is proposed. The manuscript discusses possible impacts of the CPC setting reaction on cells within the bioink and illustrates the advantages of CPC in bioprinting as alternative to the commonly used thermoplasts for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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