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Fijalkowski M, Ali A, Qamer S, Coufal R, Adach K, Petrik S. Hybrid and Single-Component Flexible Aerogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Gels 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 38275842 PMCID: PMC10815221 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The inherent disadvantages of traditional non-flexible aerogels, such as high fragility and moisture sensitivity, severely restrict their applications. To address these issues and make the aerogels efficient, especially for advanced medical applications, different techniques have been used to incorporate flexibility in aerogel materials. In recent years, a great boom in flexible aerogels has been observed, which has enabled them to be used in high-tech biomedical applications. The current study comprises a comprehensive review of the preparation techniques of pure polymeric-based hybrid and single-component aerogels and their use in biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of these hybrid aerogels will also be reviewed and discussed, where the flexible polymeric components in the aerogels provide the main contribution. The combination of highly controlled porosity, large internal surfaces, flexibility, and the ability to conform into 3D interconnected structures support versatile properties, which are required for numerous potential medical applications such as tissue engineering; drug delivery reservoir systems; biomedical implants like heart stents, pacemakers, and artificial heart valves; disease diagnosis; and the development of antibacterial materials. The present review also explores the different mechanical, chemical, and physical properties in numerical values, which are most wanted for the fabrication of different materials used in the biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Fijalkowski
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Azam Ali
- Department of Material Science, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Shafqat Qamer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radek Coufal
- Department of Science and Research, Faulty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Kinga Adach
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Petrik
- Department of Advanced Materials, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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Zhan W, Chen L, Kong Q, Li L, Chen M, Jiang J, Li W, Shi F, Xu Z. The Synthesis and Polymer-Reinforced Mechanical Properties of SiO 2 Aerogels: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5534. [PMID: 37513406 PMCID: PMC10384082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica aerogels are considered as the distinguished materials of the future due to their extremely low thermal conductivity, low density, and high surface area. They are widely used in construction engineering, aeronautical domains, environmental protection, heat storage, etc. However, their fragile mechanical properties are the bottleneck restricting the engineering application of silica aerogels. This review briefly introduces the synthesis of silica aerogels, including the processes of sol-gel chemistry, aging, and drying. The effects of different silicon sources on the mechanical properties of silica aerogels are summarized. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of the three stages is also described. Then, five types of polymers that are commonly used to enhance the mechanical properties of silica aerogels are listed, and the current research progress is introduced. Finally, the outlook and prospects of the silica aerogels are proposed, and this paper further summarizes the methods of different polymers to enhance silica aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Le Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinghong Kong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lixia Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Juncheng Jiang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 213000, China
| | - Weixi Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Wang Y, Zeng X, Wang W, Zhou P, Zhang R, Chen H, liu G. Superhydrophobic polyimide/cattail-derived active carbon composite aerogels for effective oil/water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ren J, Hasuo K, Tabata I, Hori T, Hirogaki K. Robust hydrophobic modification of
para‐aramid
nanofibers/polyvinyl alcohol composite aerogels with
1H
,
1H
,
2H
,
2H‐perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ren
- Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Kensuke Hasuo
- School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Isao Tabata
- School of Engineering University of Fukui Fukui Japan
| | - Teruo Hori
- Headquarters for Innovative Society‐Academia Cooperation University of Fukui Fukui Japan
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Sun X, Liu J, Zhang Z, Zhi Y, Jin L, Hang J, Shi L. One‐step fabrication of wear‐resistant superhydrophobic coating based on aminosilane‐functionalized diatomaceous earth. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Sun
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Jing Liu
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhi
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Lujiang Jin
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Jianzhong Hang
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
| | - Liyi Shi
- Nano‐Science & Technology Center, College of Sciences Shanghai University Shanghai China
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Liu Z, Ran Y, Xi J, Wang J. Polymeric hybrid aerogels and their biomedical applications. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9160-9175. [PMID: 32851389 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01261k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are a class of porous materials that possess extremely high specific surface area, high pore volume, high porosity, and variable chemical structures. They have been widely applied in the fields of aerospace, chemical engineering, construction, electrotechnics, and biomedicine. In recent years a great boom in aerogels has been observed, where various new aerogels with novel physicochemical properties and functions have been synthesized. Nevertheless, native aerogels with a single component normally face severe problems such as low mechanical strength and lack of functions. One strategy to solve the problems is to construct hybrid aerogels. In this study, a comprehensive review on polymer based hybrid aerogels is presented, including polymer-polymer, polymer-carbon material, and polymer-inorganic hybrid aerogels, which will be introduced and discussed in view of their chemical structures and hybrid structures. Most importantly, polymeric hybrid aerogels are classified into three different composition levels, which are molecular-level, molecular-aggregate-level, and aggregate-level, due to the fact that hybrid aerogels with the same chemical structures but with different composition levels might show quite different functions or properties. The biomedical applications of these hybrid aerogels will also be reviewed and discussed, where the polymeric components in the hybrid aerogels provide the main contribution. This review would provide creative design principles for aerogels by considering both their chemical and physical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ran
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P. R. China.
| | - Jianing Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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