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Shu VA, Eni DB, Ntie-Kang F. A survey of isatin hybrids and their biological properties. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z. [PMID: 38833124 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of diverse infections worldwide, which is a serious global threat to human existence, necessitates the urgent development of novel therapeutic candidates that can combat these diseases with efficacy. Molecular hybridization has been established as an efficient technique in designing bioactive molecules capable of fighting infections. Isatin, a core nucleus of an array of compounds with diverse biological properties can be modified at different positions leading to the creation of novel drug targets, is an active area of medicinal chemistry. This review containing published articles from 2005 to 2022 highlights isatin hybrids which have been synthesized and reported in the literature alongside a discussion on their biological properties. The enriched structure-activity relationship studies discussed provides insights for the rational design of novel isatin hybrids with tailored biological properties as effective therapeutic candidates inspired by nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Asoh Shu
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Donatus Bekindaka Eni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Salaria P, Subrahmanyeswara Rao NN, Dhameliya TM, Amarendar Reddy M. In silico investigation of potential phytoconstituents against ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels as antiepileptic agents. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:99. [PMID: 38456083 PMCID: PMC10914661 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The most promising anticonvulsant phytocompounds were explored in this work using docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and Molecular Mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) approaches. A total of 70 phytochemicals were screened against α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), voltage-gated sodium ion channels (VGSC), and carbonic anhydrase enzyme II (CA II) receptors, and the docking results were compared to the reference drug phenytoin. Amentoflavone displayed the highest affinity for AMPA and VGSC receptors, with docking scores of - 10.4 and - 10.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Oliganthin H-NMDA and epigallocatechin-3-gallate-CA II complexes showed docking scores of - 10.9 and - 6.9 kcal/mol, respectively. All four complexes depicted a high dock score compared to the phenytoin complex at the binding site of the corresponding proteins. The MD simulation investigated the stabilities and favorable conformation of apoproteins and ligand/reference-bound complexes. The results revealed that proteins AMPA, VGSC, and CA II were more efficiently stabilized by lead phytochemicals than phenytoin binding. Additionally, principal component analysis and MM-PBSA results suggested that these lead phytocompounds have good compactness and strong binding free energy. Further, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that these final lead phytochemicals would be suitable for oral intake, have sufficient intestinal permeability, and have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Comprehensively, this study predicted amentoflavone as the best lead phytochemical out of the 70 anticonvulsant phytocompounds that can be used to treat epilepsy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03948-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Salaria
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101 India
| | - N N Subrahmanyeswara Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481 India
| | - M Amarendar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101 India
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Eni DB, Cassel J, Namba-Nzanguim CT, Simoben CV, Tietjen I, Akunuri R, Salvino JM, Ntie-Kang F. Design, synthesis, and biochemical and computational screening of novel oxindole derivatives as inhibitors of Aurora A kinase and SARS-CoV-2 spike/host ACE2 interaction. Med Chem Res 2024; 33:620-634. [PMID: 38646411 PMCID: PMC11024012 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-024-03201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Isatin (indol-2,3-dione), a secondary metabolite of tryptophan, has been used as the core structure to design several compounds that have been tested and identified as potent inhibitors of apoptosis, potential antitumor agents, anticonvulsants, and antiviral agents. In this work, several analogs of isatin hybrids have been synthesized and characterized, and their activities were established as inhibitors of both Aurora A kinase and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike/host angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) interactions. Amongst the synthesized isatin hybrids, compounds 6a, 6f, 6g, and 6m exhibited Aurora A kinase inhibitory activities (with IC50 values < 5 μ M), with GScore values of -7.9, -7.6, -8.2 and -7.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Compounds 6g and 6i showed activities in blocking SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 binding (with IC50 values in the range < 30 μ M), with GScore values of -6.4 and -6.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i were both capable of inhibiting spike/ACE2 binding and blocking Aurora A kinase. Pharmacophore profiling indicated that compound 6g tightly fits Aurora A kinase and SARS-CoV-2 pharmacophores, while 6d fits SARS-CoV-2 and 6l fits Aurora A kinase pharmacophore. This work is a proof of concept that some existing cancer drugs may possess antiviral properties. Molecular modeling showed that the active compound for each protein adopted different binding modes, hence interacting with a different set of amino acid residues in the binding site. The weaker activities against spike/ACE2 could be explained by the small sizes of the ligands that fail to address the important interactions for binding to the ACE2 receptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatus B. Eni
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Cyril T. Namba-Nzanguim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | | | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Bugalia S, Dhayal Y, Sachdeva H, Kumari S, Atal K, Phageria U, Saini P, Gurjar OP. Review on Isatin- A Remarkable Scaffold for Designing Potential Therapeutic Complexes and Its Macrocyclic Complexes with Transition Metals. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1-20. [PMID: 37359385 PMCID: PMC10164246 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Role of synthetic coordination chemistry in pharmaceutical science is expeditiously increased due to its sundry relevances in this field. The present review endows the synthesized macrocyclic complexes of transition metal ions containing isatin and its derivatives as ligand precursors, their characterization and their copious pharmaceutical applications. Isatin (1H-Indole-2,3-dione) is a protean compound (presence of lactam and keto moiety permits to change its molecular framework) that can be obtained from marine animals, plants, and is also found in mammalian tissues and in human fluids as a metabolite of amino acids. It can be used for the synthesis of miscellaneous organic and inorganic complexes and for designing of drugs since it has remarkable utility in pharmaceutical industry due to its wide range of biological and pharmacological activities, for instance anti-microbial, anti-HIV, anti-tubercular, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, analgesic activity, anti-Parkinson's disease, anti-convulsant etc. This review provides extensive information about the latest methods for the synthesis of isatin or its substituted derivatives based macrocyclic complexes of transition metals and their plentiful applications in medicinal chemistry. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bugalia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | | | - Harshita Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | - Sushama Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | - Krishna Atal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | - Urmila Phageria
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Lohia College, Churu, 331001 India
| | - Pooja Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | - Om Prakash Gurjar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302004 India
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Design, synthesis and bio-evaluation of indolin-2-ones as potential antidiabetic agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:25-42. [PMID: 36644975 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a serious global health concern, and this is expected to impact more than 300 million people by 2025. The current study focuses on identifying substituted indolin-2-one-based inhibitors for two indispensable drug targets, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Methods: The structures of synthetic compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for enzyme inhibition activities. Kinetic and in silico studies were also performed. Results: All compounds exhibited good-to-moderate inhibitory potential. Most importantly, compounds 1, 2, 6, 16 and 17 were identified as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors (IC50 = 9.15 ± 0.12-13.74 ± 0.12 μM). Conclusion: This study identified that these synthetic compounds might serve as potential lead molecules for antidiabetic agents.
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Mishra R, Chaurasia H, Singh VK, Naaz F, Singh RK. Molecular modeling, QSAR analysis and antimicrobial properties of Schiff base derivatives of isatin. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Synthesis, in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of isatin aroylhydrazones as highly potent anticonvulsant agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104943. [PMID: 33964578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of new isatin aroylhydrazones (5a-e and 6a-e) was synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activities. The (Z)-configuration of compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR. In vivo studies using maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models of epilepsy in mice revealed that while most of compounds had no effect on chemically-induced seizures at the higher dose of 100 mg/kg but showed significant protection against electrically-induced seizures at the lower dose of 5 mg/kg. Certainly, N-methyl analogs 6a and 6e were found to be the most effective compounds, displaying 100% protection at the dose of 5 mg/kg. Protein binding and lipophilicity(logP) of the selected compounds (6a and 6e) were also determined experimentally. In silico evaluations of title compounds showed acceptable ADME parameters, and drug-likeness properties. Distance mapping and docking of the selected compounds with different targets proposed the possible action of them on VGSCs and GABAA receptors. The cytotoxicity evaluation of 6a and 6e against SH-SY5Y and Hep-G2 cell lines indicated safety profile of compounds on the neuronal and hepatic cells.
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Tratrat C. Novel Thiazole-Based Thiazolidinones as Potent Anti-infective Agents: In silico PASS and Toxicity Prediction, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Modelling. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 23:126-140. [PMID: 31985370 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200127115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE The infectious disease treatment remains a challenging concern owing to the increasing number of pathogenic microorganisms associated with resistance to multiple drugs. A promising approach for combating microbial infection is to combine two or more known bioactive heterocyclic pharmacophores in one molecular platform. Herein, the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazole-thiazolidinone hybrids as potential antimicrobial agents were dissimilated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preparation of the substituted 5-benzylidene-2-thiazolyimino-4- thiazolidinones was achieved in three steps from 2-amino-5-methylthiazoline. All the compounds have been screened in PASS antibacterial activity prediction and in a panel of bacteria and fungi strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration were both determined by microdilution assays. Molecular modeling was conducted using Accelrys Discovery Studio 4.0 client. ToxPredict (OPEN TOX) and ProTox were used to estimate the toxicity of the title compounds. RESULTS PASS prediction revealed the potentiality antibacterial property of the designed thiazolethiazolidinone hybrids. All tested compounds were found to kill and to inhibit the growth of a vast variety of bacteria and fungi, and were more potent than the commercial drugs, streptomycin, ampicillin, bifomazole and ketoconazole. Further, in silico study was carried out for prospective molecular target identification and revealed favorable interaction with the target enzymes E. coli MurB and CYP51B of Aspergillus fumigatus. Toxicity prediction revealed that none of the active compounds was found toxic. CONCLUSION Substituted 5-benzylidene-2-thiazolyimino-4-thiazolidinones, endowing remarkable antibacterial and antifungal properties, were identified as a novel class of antimicrobial agents and may find a potential therapeutic use to eradicate infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Zebbiche Z, Tekin S, Küçükbay H, Yüksel F, Boumoud B. Synthesis and anticancer properties of novel hydrazone derivatives incorporating pyridine and isatin moieties. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000377. [PMID: 33368627 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nine novel hydrazone derivatives (4a-i) incorporating pyridine and isatin moieties were synthesized through one-pot, four-component heterocyclic condensation reactions. The structures of all new compounds (2a-e, 3a, 3c-e, and 4a-e) were identified by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Cell viability assays for the tested hydrazone derivatives were performed and the log IC50 values of the compounds were calculated after a 24-h treatment. All hydrazide derivatives tested showed a promising antitumor activity against A-2780 cells as compared with the standard drug docetaxel with a log IC50 value of 0.2200 μM (p < .05). Seven of the examined compounds (4b-e, 4g-i) showed high cytotoxic activity against A-2780 cells as compared with the standard drug docetaxel. Whereas the log IC50 of docetaxel was 0.2200 μM for A-2780 cells at 24 h, the IC50 values of these compounds were -0.4987, -0.4044, -0.8138, -0.3868, -0.6954, -0.4751, and 0.1809 μM, respectively. Three of the compounds, 4b, 4d, and 4i, showed high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells as compared with docetaxel (p < .05). Whereas the log IC50 of docetaxel was 0.2400 μM for MCF-7 cells at 24 h, the log IC50 values of compounds 4b, 4d, and 4i were -0.1293, -0.1700, and 0.2459 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineddine Zebbiche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Mentouri Constantine University, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Küçükbay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Furkan Yüksel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Boudjemaa Boumoud
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, Mentouri Constantine University, Constantine, Algeria
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Isatin containing heterocycles for different biological activities: Analysis of structure activity relationship. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Al-Salem HS, Arifuzzaman M, Alkahtani HM, Abdalla AN, Issa IS, Alqathama A, Albalawi FS, Rahman AFMM. A Series of Isatin-Hydrazones with Cytotoxic Activity and CDK2 Kinase Inhibitory Activity: A Potential Type II ATP Competitive Inhibitor. Molecules 2020; 25:E4400. [PMID: 32992673 PMCID: PMC7582667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isatin derivatives potentially act on various biological targets. In this article, a series of novel isatin-hydrazones were synthesized in excellent yields. Their cytotoxicity was tested against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and human ovary adenocarcinoma (A2780) cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 1.51 ± 0.09 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 3.56 ± 0.31) showed excellent activity against MCF7, whereas compound 4e showed considerable cytotoxicity against both tested cell lines, MCF7 (IC50 = 5.46 ± 0.71 µM) and A2780 (IC50 = 18.96± 2.52 µM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) revealed that, halogen substituents at 2,6-position of the C-ring of isatin-hydrazones are the most potent derivatives. In-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) results demonstrated recommended drug likeness properties. Compounds 4j (IC50 = 0.245 µM) and 4k (IC50 = 0.300 µM) exhibited good inhibitory activity against the cell cycle regulator CDK2 protein kinase compared to imatinib (IC50 = 0.131 µM). A molecular docking study of 4j and 4k confirmed both compounds as type II ATP competitive inhibitors that made interactions with ATP binding pocket residues, as well as lacking interactions with active state DFG motif residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda S. Al-Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iman S. Issa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Aljawharah Alqathama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatemah S. Albalawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
| | - A. F. M. Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (I.S.I.); (F.S.A.)
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Yousefian M, Ghodsi R. Structure-activity relationship studies of indolin-2-one derivatives as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors and anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000022. [PMID: 32885522 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for the growth of cancer cells. The family of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) is the main target in metastasis. Indolin-2-one is proved to be an essential scaffold of antiangiogenic drugs. Sunitinib is the first oral indolin-2-one derivative marketed as a VEGFR inhibitor in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Therefore, novel compounds possessing the scaffold of sunitinib were designed and synthesized by different researchers to improve the anticancer activity, bioavailability, and solubility, and to decrease the toxicity of sunitinib. In this comprehensive review, the structure-activity relationship of different indolin-2-one analogs as VEGFR inhibitors is discussed. It has been observed that the indolin-2-one core is necessary for the inhibition of VEGFRs. It was determined that substitutions at C-3 of the oxindole ring play an important role in their antiangiogenic and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Yousefian
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Savall ASP, Fidelis EM, Angonesi V, Bresolin L, Gervini VC, Quines C, Puntel RL, Roos DH, de Ávila DS, Pinton S. Antidepressant-like effect of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one in rats exposed to malathion: Involvement of BDNF-Trkβ pathway and AChE. Life Sci 2020; 256:117892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Ugale VG, Bari SB, Khadse SC, Reddy PN, Bonde CG, Chaudhari PJ. Exploring Quinazolinones as Anticonvulsants by Molecular Fragmentation Approach: Structural Optimization, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G. Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryR. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule) 425405 Maharashtra India
| | - Sanjay B. Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryH. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule) 425405 Maharashtra India
| | - Saurabh C. Khadse
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryR. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule) 425405 Maharashtra India
| | | | - Chandrakant G. Bonde
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistrySchool of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, (Dhule) 425405 Maharashtra India
| | - Prashant J. Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryR. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (Dhule) 425405 Maharashtra India
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Savall ASP, Fidélis EM, Gutierrez MEZ, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Puntel RL, Roos DH, Ávila DS, Pinton S. Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:399-410. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2,3-indolinedione derivatives against mantle cell lymphoma. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3319-3327. [PMID: 31229421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Indolinedione derivatives have been identified as a novel class of promising agents for cancer treatment. In this study, eighteen 2,3-indolinedione derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities against mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells were evaluated. Most of them exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines, and compound K5 was the most potent (MCL cellular IC50 = 0.4-0.7 μM). Further, compound K5 could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Additionally, the results of drug-likeness analysis demonstrated that these novel 2,3-indolinedione derivatives could have potential as novel treatment strategies for MCL.
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Mohamed AH, Shaker RM. An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of N‐uracil‐4‐oxo‐thiazolidines without Catalyst. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceMinia University El‐Minia Egypt
| | - Raafat M. Shaker
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceMinia University El‐Minia Egypt
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18
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Ragab F, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Abd-Allah WH, Maklad Y. Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Properties of New 1,1-Disubstituted Cyclohexane and 1,3-Diazaspiro[4.5]decane Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group); Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division); National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Aida A. El-Azzouny
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group); Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division); National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Fatma Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed S. Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group); Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division); National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing; Misr University for Science & Technology, P.O. 77; 6th of October City Giza Egypt
| | - Yousreya Maklad
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Pharmacology Group); National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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19
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Amin KM, Aboutabl ME, Abo-Elmagd MI. Synthesis, molecular modeling studies, and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel 1-((2-hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)-N-substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides and their acetate esters. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800269. [PMID: 30461033 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-((2-hydroxyethyl)(aryl)amino)-N-substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides IXa-l and their acetate esters Xa-l were designed and synthesized as new anticovulsant agents. The evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect was performed in vivo by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests in mice. Further, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and acute toxicity were determined. All the new candidates displayed 100% anticonvulsant activity in the scPTZ screen in the dose range of 0.0057-0.283 mmol/kg. The most potent compounds in the scPTZ screen were Xh (ED50 = 0.0012 mmol/kg), Xd (ED50 = 0.002 mmol/kg), Xf (ED50 = 0.004 mmol/kg), IXj (ED50 = 0.0047 mmol/kg), Xl (ED50 = 0.0076 mmol/kg), and Xi (ED50 = 0.008 mmol/kg). They exhibited higher fold activity in the anticonvulsant potential than the gold standards, phenobarbital and ethosuximide. Compound Xf was active in both scPTZ and MES screens. It showed ED50 of 0.016 mmol/kg in MES screen. In the neurotoxicity screens, none of the test compounds displayed any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose. The 3D pharmacophore model using Biova 1 Discovery Studio 2016 programs exhibited high fit value. The anticonvulsant evaluation results were compatible with the molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Aboul-Enein
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida A El-Azzouny
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kamilia M Amin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacology Group, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai I Abo-Elmagd
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Brkić DR, Božić AR, Marinković AD, Milčić MK, Prlainović NŽ, Assaleh FH, Cvijetić IN, Nikolić JB, Drmanić SŽ. Detailed solvent, structural, quantum chemical study and antimicrobial activity of isatin Schiff base. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 196:16-30. [PMID: 29428893 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ratios of E/Z isomers of sixteen synthesized 1,3-dihydro-3-(substituted phenylimino)-2H-indol-2-one were studied using experimental and theoretical methodology. Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER) rationalized solvent influence of the solvent-solute interactions on the UV-Vis absorption maxima shifts (νmax) of both geometrical isomers using the Kamlet-Taft equation. Linear free energy relationships (LFER) in the form of single substituent parameter equation (SSP) was used to analyze substituent effect on pKa, NMR chemical shifts and νmax values. Electron charge density was obtained by the use of Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, i.e. Bader's analysis. The substituent and solvent effect on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) were interpreted with the aid of time-dependent density functional (TD-DFT) method. Additionally, the results of TD-DFT calculations quantified the efficiency of ICT from the calculated charge-transfer distance (DCT) and amount of transferred charge (QCT). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using broth microdilution method. 3D QSAR modeling was used to demonstrate the influence of substituents effect as well as molecule geometry on antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandar D Marinković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš K Milčić
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Ž Prlainović
- Innovation Center, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Fathi H Assaleh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zawia, P.O. Pox 16168, Zawia, Libya
| | - Ilija N Cvijetić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina B Nikolić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Ž Drmanić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Liaras K, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazoles and Thiazolidinones as COX/LOX Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:E685. [PMID: 29562646 PMCID: PMC6017610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural process that is connected to various conditions and disorders such as arthritis, psoriasis, cancer, infections, asthma, etc. Based on the fact that cyclooxygenase isoenzymes (COX-1, COX-2) are responsible for the production of prostaglandins that play an important role in inflammation, traditional treatment approaches include administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which act as selective or non-selective COX inhibitors. Almost all of them present a number of unwanted, often serious, side effects as a consequence of interference with the arachidonic acid cascade. In search for new drugs to avoid side effects, while maintaining high potency over inflammation, scientists turned their interest to the synthesis of dual COX/LOX inhibitors, which could provide numerous therapeutic advantages in terms of anti-inflammatory activity, improved gastric protection and safer cardiovascular profile compared to conventional NSAIDs. Τhiazole and thiazolidinone moieties can be found in numerous biologically active compounds of natural origin, as well as synthetic molecules that possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. This review focuses on the biological activity of several thiazole and thiazolidinone derivatives as COX-1/COX-2 and LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Liaras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Synthesis, molecular modeling studies and anticonvulsant activity of certain (1-(benzyl (aryl) amino) cyclohexyl) methyl esters. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:135-145. [PMID: 28267983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of (1-(benzyl (aryl) amino) cyclohexyl) methyl esters 7a-n were prepared and screened for their anticonvulsant profile. Screening of these esters 7a-n and their starting alcohols 6a and 6b revealed that compound 7k was the most potent one in the scPTZ screening test with an ED50 value of 0.0056mmol/kg being about 10- and 164-fold more potent than phenobarbital (ED50=0.056mmol/kg) and ethosuximide (ED50=0.92mmol/kg) as reference drugs, respectively. Meanwhile, in the MES test, compounds 7b and 7k at doses 0.0821mmol/kg and 0.0334mmol/kg, exerted 66% and 50% protection of the tested mice, respectively, compared with diphenylhydantoin, which exerted 100% protection at dose 0.16mmol/kg. In the neurotoxicity screen test, almost all esters 7a-n did not show any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administrated dose. The anticonvulsant effectiveness of esters 7a-n was higher than their corresponding alcohols 6a and 6b. Compounds 7b and 7k exhibited pronounced anticonvulsant activity devoid of neurotoxicity in minimal motor impairment test and hepatotoxicity in the serum enzyme activity assay. 3D pharmacophore model using Discovery Studio 2.5 programs showed high fit value. The obtained experimental results of sc-PTZ activity of compounds 7a-n was consistent with the molecular modeling study.
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Angelova V, Karabeliov V, Andreeva-Gateva PA, Tchekalarova J. Recent Developments of Hydrazide/Hydrazone Derivatives and Their Analogs as Anticonvulsant Agents in Animal Models. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:379-392. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Violina Angelova
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy; MU-Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Jana Tchekalarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
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24
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Ugale VG, Bari SB. Structural Exploration of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as Anticonvulsants: Rational Design, Synthesis, Pharmacological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:864-880. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod G. Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Shirpur (Dhule) Maharashtra India
| | - Sanjay B. Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; Shirpur (Dhule) Maharashtra India
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25
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da Silva DS, da Silva CEH, Soares MSP, Azambuja JH, de Carvalho TR, Zimmer GC, Frizzo CP, Braganhol E, Spanevello RM, Cunico W. Thiazolidin-4-ones from 4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde and 4-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde: Synthesis, antiglioma activity and cytotoxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:574-582. [PMID: 27614406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the biological potential of fourteen 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones evaluating the antiglioma effect through decreasing of cell viability of glioblastoma multiform cells. The new compounds were efficient synthesized through multicomponent or multicomponent one-pot procedures in moderate to good yields (22-86%) from two arenealdehydes (4-(methylthio)benzaldehyde and 4-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde), seven amines (aromatic and aliphatic) and mercaptoacetic acid. The compounds were identified and characterized by GC/MS and NMR, five of them by HRMS. Six thiazolidinones showed significant effect of decreasing cell viability compared to standard drug TMZ at 100 μM in 72 h in C6 cell line by MTT assay. The compounds 5b, 5e, 5g and 6e showed the best results in the screening at 100 μM and were analyzed at different concentrations (5, 25, 50, 100 and 250 μM). Compounds 5b and 5e showed statistical difference at 5 μM, 6e at 25 μM and 5g at 50 μM in 72 h of treatment. The cytotoxicity study in primary astrocytes cells was evaluated and none of fourteen compounds showed toxicity at 100 μM, eight of them were not cytotoxic at 250 μM, both in 72 h. In addition, the propidium iodide assay demonstrated that the compounds might induce cell death by necrosis. In conclusion, this work reports at least four compounds (5b, 5e, 5g and 6e) with potential anti-tumor effect against glioblastoma multiform cell presenting activity at low concentrations and safe profile of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schuch da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar Emiliano Hoffmann da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstatter Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Taíse Rosa de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Cristiane Zimmer
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos e Complexidade Molecular (NEOQCOM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos e Complexidade Molecular (NEOQCOM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Centro de Ciências Químicas Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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