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Plaas AHK, Moran MM, Sandy JD, Hascall VC. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:3-29. [PMID: 37052843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoprotein network. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a "metabolic rheostat" during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from 'big data' approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H K Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meghan M Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang Y, Guo X, Fan X, Zhang H, Xue D, Pan Z. The protective effect of mangiferin on osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Physiol Res 2022; 71:135-145. [PMID: 35043648 PMCID: PMC8997682 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a kind of polyphenol chemical compound separated from these herbal medicines of Mangifera indica L., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Belamcanda chinensis L., which has anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and other physiological activities without toxic effects. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that is also a kind of arthritis disease in which articular cartilage or bones under the joint is damaged. In addition, artificial replacements are required in severe cases. At present, there are not too much researches on the potential biological activities of mangiferin that plays a protective role in the treatment of OA. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of mangiferin on osteoarthritis (OA) in vitro and in vivo. First, the effect of different concentrations of mangiferin on rat chondrocytes was determined by MTT assay. Second, the effects of mangiferin on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, TNF alpha, Collagen II, Caspase-3, and cystatin-C in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced rat chondrocytes were examined by the real-time polymerase chain reaction in vitro, meanwhile the effects of mangiferin on the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway were also investigated by Western Blot. Finally, the anti-osteoarthritic protective effect of mangiferin was evaluated in the rat model by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) combined with bilateral ovariectomy-induced OA in vivo. The results showed that the mangiferin was found to inhibit the expression of MMP-13, TNF-alpha, and Caspase-3 which also increased the expression of Collagen II and cystatin-C in IL 1beta induced rat chondrocytes. In addition, IL-1beta-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB) and the degradation of inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha were suppressed by mangiferin. For the in vivo study in a rat model of OA, 100 microl of mangiferin was administered by intra-articular injections for rats, the results showed that the cartilage degradation was suppressed by mangiferin through Micro CT and Histological Examination. According to both in vitro and in vivo results, mangiferin has a protective effect in the treatment of OA which may be a promising therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. and
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van der Voet JA, Wesselius D, Zhang F, Vroegindeweij D, Oei EH, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Englund M, Runhaar J. Factors associated with longitudinal change of meniscal extrusion in overweight women without clinical signs of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5175-5184. [PMID: 33693533 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify variables associated with longitudinal change in meniscal extrusion, which might be used as possible targets for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) prevention. METHODS In a high-risk population of middle-aged overweight women, meniscal extrusion was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (1.5 T, coronal proton density, in-plane resolution 0.5 mm2, Sante DICOM Editor) at baseline and after 30 months. Outcomes were the absolute change in medial and lateral extrusion (mm) and relative change in extrusion (%). Based upon literature, 11 factors were hypothesized to be associated with longitudinal change. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the effect on meniscal change (P <0.05). RESULTS In total, 677 knees of 343 women were available for analysis, with a mean age of 55.7 years (+/-3.2) and a mean BMI of 32.3 kg/m2 (+/-4.2). The greatest change in meniscal extrusion appeared medially with incident meniscal tear (4.4%; absolute 0.9 mm (95% CI: 0.3, 1.5; P =0.004); relative 14.5% (4.4, 24.7; 0.005)). Varus malalignment was associated with an increase of medial extrusion of 0.6 mm (37.6%; 0.1, 1.0; 0.009). A 5 kg/m2 higher baseline BMI was associated with absolute and relative increase of medial extrusion of 0.2 mm and 2.96% (0.1, 0.3; <0.001 and 1.3, 4.8; 0.002). Less explicit but significant changes in extrusion appeared with longitudinal change in BMI. CONCLUSION Meniscal tears, varus malalignment and BMI were significantly associated with change in meniscal extrusion in middle-aged overweight women, providing viable therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce extrusion and thereby decelerate KOA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A van der Voet
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam.,Department of Radiology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp
| | - Daan Wesselius
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Edwin H Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jos Runhaar
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Seto Y, Yoshihashi T, Tomonari M, To H. Absorption of glucosamine is improved by considering circadian rhythm and feeding time in rats. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1528-1537. [PMID: 32576047 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1784189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although many basic and clinical studies have shown that glucosamine (GlcN) improves osteoarthritis, it has not been widely used in the clinic because its bioavailability is only 6%. We investigated the influence of dosing-time factors, which influence pharmacokinetics and food intake in rats to improve its bioavailability. When GlcN was orally administered to rats housed under conditions of free access to food for 12 h or fasting conditions, no significant differences in GlcN concentration were observed in the rat plasma between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the plasma GlcN concentrations among the dosing-time groups when GlcN was orally administered at 4:00, 10:00, 16:00, or 22:00 h to rats. However, the plasma concentration in the fasted group was significantly higher than that in the fed group after GlcN was orally administered at 22:00 h in rats and the AUC of the fasted group was 1.7-fold higher than that of the fed group. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetics of GlcN was improved by considering not only food intake but also the circadian rhythm of its transporter, which is a major factor influencing pharmacokinetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Seto
- Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshihashi
- Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Mari Tomonari
- Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideto To
- Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
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Artuzi FE, Puricelli E, Baraldi CE, Quevedo AS, Ponzoni D. Reduction of osteoarthritis severity in the temporomandibular joint of rabbits treated with chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231734. [PMID: 32294140 PMCID: PMC7159193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that causes substantial changes in joint tissues, such as cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine are commonly used products for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of these products when used as structure-modifying drugs on the progression of osteoarthritis in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 12/group): control (no disease); osteoarthritis (disease induction); and treatment (disease induction and administration of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine). Osteoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate. Animals were killed at 30 and 90 days after initiation of therapy. The treatment was effective in reducing disease severity, with late effects and changes in the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in the articular disc. The results indicate that chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine may have a structure-modifying effect on the tissues of rabbit temporomandibular joints altered by osteoarthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/diagnosis
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/cytology
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Chondroitin Sulfates/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Glucosamine/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Iodoacetic Acid/administration & dosage
- Iodoacetic Acid/toxicity
- Male
- Osteoarthritis/chemically induced
- Osteoarthritis/diagnosis
- Osteoarthritis/drug therapy
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Rabbits
- Severity of Illness Index
- Temporomandibular Joint/drug effects
- Temporomandibular Joint/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ernesto Artuzi
- School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Edela Puricelli
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit/ Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Baraldi
- School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Silva Quevedo
- School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Deise Ponzoni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit/ Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA), School of Dentistry/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Gulihar A, Shaunak S, Novak PL, Vinayakam P, Dhinsa B, Taylor G. Glucosamine reduces the inhibition of proteoglycan metabolism caused by local anaesthetic solution in human articular cartilage: an in vitro study. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:37. [PMID: 29134408 PMCID: PMC5684054 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed whether local anaesthetics caused inhibition of proteoglycan metabolism in human articular cartilage and whether the addition of Glucosamine sulphate could prevent or allow recovery from this adverse effect on articular cartilage metabolism. Methods Cartilage explants obtained from 13 femoral heads from fracture neck of femur patients (average age 80 years, 10 female) were exposed to either 1% Lidocaine, 2% Lidocaine, 0.25% Bupivacaine, 0.5% Bupivacaine, 0.5% Levo-bupivacaine or a control solution (M199 culture medium). Glucosamine-6-Sulphate was added during or 1 h after exposure to 0.5% Bupivacaine to assess its protective and reparative effects. After exposure, the explants were incubated in culture medium containing radio labelled 35-sulphate and uptake was measured after 16 h to give an assessment of proteoglycan metabolism. Results The reduction in 35-S uptake compared to control was 65% for 1% Lidocaine (p < 0.001), 79% for 2% Lidocaine (p < 0.001), 61% for 0.25% Bupivacaine (p < 0.001), 85% for 0.5% Bupivacaine (p < 0.001) and 77% for 0.5% Levobupivacaine (p < 0.001). Glucosamine was able to protect the articular cartilage by reducing the inhibition of proteoglycan metabolism of 0.5% Bupivacaine from 85 to 30% (p < 0.001). When added after 0.5% Bupivacaine exposure, Glucosamine allowed some recovery with inhibition of metabolism to 70% (p = 0.004). Conclusion Our results showed that all local anaesthetic solutions inhibited proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage and the addition of Glucosamine was able to reduce the inhibition of metabolism caused by 0.5% Bupivacaine. Intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics requires careful consideration of risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Gulihar
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, Kent, UK.
| | - Shalin Shaunak
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, Kent, UK
| | | | | | - Baljinder Dhinsa
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough, Kent, UK
| | - Grahame Taylor
- Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Yamagishi Y, Someya A, Imai K, Nagao J, Nagaoka I. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory actions of various functional food materials including glucosamine on synovial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1353-1359. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Isaka S, Someya A, Nakamura S, Naito K, Nozawa M, Inoue N, Sugihara F, Nagaoka I, Kaneko K. Evaluation of the effect of oral administration of collagen peptides on an experimental rat osteoarthritis model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2699-2706. [PMID: 28587333 PMCID: PMC5450616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is an extracellular matrix protein present in the skin, tendon, cartilage and bone. Collagen peptides (CP) are produced by the hydrolysis of gelatin (heat-denatured collagen) by proteases and are utilized as a component of nutraceuticals. The current study investigated the effect of CP on the articular cartilage of OA by evaluating the serum levels of biomarkers (CTX-II for type II collagen degradation and CPII for type II collagen synthesis), histopathological changes (Mankin score, based on the toluidine blue staining of proteoglycans), and immunohistochemical staining of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and type II collagen, using a rat experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed on the right knee joint to surgically induce OA. Animals were divided into four groups: Control group (Control), sham-operated group (Sham), ACLT group without collagen peptide (ACLT group) and ACLT group with oral administration of CP (CP group). ACLT induced histological damages and significantly increased the Mankin score (P<0.05). However, CP administration markedly suppressed the Mankin score, although this difference was not significant. In addition, serum CTX-II levels were significantly decreased in CP group compared with those in the ACLT group (P<0.05). By contrast, serum CPII levels did not differ significantly among the four groups. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen and MMP-13 (an important type II collagen-degrading enzyme) indicated that the amount of type II collagen increased, whereas the number of MMP-13 positive chondrocytes decreased in the CP group compared with ACLT group. These observations suggest that CP has the potential to exert chondroprotective action on OA by inhibiting MMP-13 expression and type II collagen degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Isaka
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Nerima Hospital, Tokyo 117-8521, Japan
| | - Akimasa Someya
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Naito
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nozawa
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Nerima Hospital, Tokyo 117-8521, Japan
| | | | | | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kaneko
- Department of Medicine for Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Vasiliadis HS, Tsikopoulos K. Glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis. World J Orthop 2017; 8:1-11. [PMID: 28144573 PMCID: PMC5241539 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of primary or idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA) of knee and hip joints has substantially increased in general population during the last decades. Analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are currently extensively used as non-surgical treatment options. However, they act as symptomatic treatments, not offering a cure of OA and they are accused for an increased risk of adverse events. Glucosamine (GL) and chondroitin (CH) are nutritional supplements that have recently gained widespread use as treatment options for OA. They potentially or theoretically act as chondroprotectors or/and as “disease-modifying OA drugs” offering not only symptomatic relief but also alteration of the natural history of OA. However, although many studies have showed a significant treatment effect, accompanied with remarkable safety, there is still controversy regarding their relative effectiveness compared with placebo or other treatments. The scope of this review is to present and critically evaluate the current evidence-based information regarding the administration of GL and CH for the treatment of knee or hip OA. Our focus is to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety after the use of these supplements. An effect of GL and CH on both clinical and radiological findings has been shown. However, only a few high-quality level I trials exist in the literature, especially on the assessment of radiological progression of OA. The effect sizes are generally small and probably not clinically relevant. Even the validity of these results is limited by the high risk of bias introduced in the studies. Both GL and CH seem to be safe with no serious adverse events reported. There is currently no convincing information for the efficacy of GL and CH on OA.
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Kang YH, Park S, Ahn C, Song J, Kim D, Jin EJ. Beneficial reward-to-risk action of glucosamine during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Eur J Med Res 2015; 20:89. [PMID: 26520587 PMCID: PMC4628363 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucosamine is widely used to improve the symptoms and to delay the structural progression of osteoarthritis. However, its efficacy in osteoarthritis has been controversial and its underlying mechanism of action remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glucosamine and the underlying mechanisms in human chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes from normal human articular cartilage were treated with glucosamine (10-100 mM). Subsequently, cell death was analyzed by Annexin V staining and FACS and mitochondrial function was studied by measuring the mitopotential. Peroxisomal function was analyzed by BODIPY staining, and gene expression of PMP70 and acyl-CoA oxidase 1, by real-time PCR. Total lipids were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Autophagy activation was determined by western blotting of beclin and light chain 3B. Autophagosome formation was analyzed by introduction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) LC3, and pexophagy was determined by introduction of mRFP-EGFP-SKL plasmids. RESULTS Treatment of chondrocytes with glucosamine exerts exposure time-dependent dual effects on apoptosis/autophagy. Short time exposure of glucosamine to chondrocytes activated autophagy, pexophagy, and peroxidation. On the other hand, long time exposure of glucosamine had opposite effects, namely accumulation of very long chain fatty acids and peroxisomal dysfunction. CONCLUSION We highlight the dual role of glucosamine in apoptosis/autophagy in human chondrocytes depending on exposure time. Although further research is required to fully understand the dual effects of glucosamine, dosage and duration of glucosamine treatment are clear contributing factors towards the line of beneficial reward-to-risk action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
| | - Chihyun Ahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
| | - Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea. .,Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk, 570-749, Korea.
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Bernhardt J, Jaenicke C, Prock P, Schneider U. Health Claims for Food Supplements and Degree of Evidence. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:139-140. [DOI: 10.1159/000377686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stoppoloni D, Politi L, Leopizzi M, Gaetani S, Guazzo R, Basciani S, Moreschini O, De Santi M, Scandurra R, Scotto d'Abusco A. Effect of glucosamine and its peptidyl-derivative on the production of extracellular matrix components by human primary chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:103-13. [PMID: 25219669 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Glucosamine (GlcN) and its peptidyl-derivative, 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (NAPA), on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in human primary chondrocytes (HPCs). METHODS Dose-dependent effect of GlcN and NAPA on Glycosaminoglycan (GAG), Collagen type II (Col2) and Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans (SLRPs) was examined by incubating HPCs, cultured in micromasses (3D), with various amounts of two molecules, administered as either GlcN alone or NAPA alone or GlcN plus NAPA (G + N). Immunohystochemical and immunofluorescent staining and biochemical analysis were used to determine the impact of the two molecules on ECM production. Gene expression analysis was performed by TaqMan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS The lowest concentration to which GlcN and NAPA were able to affect ECM synthesis was 1 mM. Both molecules administered alone and as G + N stimulated GAGs and SLRPs synthesis at different extent, NAPA and mainly G + N stimulated Col2 production, whereas GlcN was not effective. Both molecules were able to induce Insulin Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and to stimulate SOX-9, whereas NAPA and G + N were able to up-regulate both Hyaluronic Acid Synthase-2 and Hyaluronic acid. Very interesting is the synergistic effect observed when chondrocyte micromasses were treated with G + N. CONCLUSIONS The observed anabolic effects and optimal concentrations of GlcN and NAPA, in addition to beneficial effects on other cellular pathways, previously reported, such as the inhibition of IKKα, could be useful to formulate new cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stoppoloni
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - L Politi
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - M Leopizzi
- Dept. of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sapienza University, Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, Latina, Italy.
| | - S Gaetani
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - R Guazzo
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Via delle Scotte, 6, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - S Basciani
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Roma, V.le Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - O Moreschini
- Dept. of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - M De Santi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Dept. of Oncology, University Hospital of Siena, Via delle Scotte, 6, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - R Scandurra
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Scotto d'Abusco
- Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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14
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Xu Y, Liu Q, Liu ZL, Lim L, Chen WH, Lin N. Treatment with SiMiaoFang, an anti-arthritis chinese herbal formula, inhibits cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis rat model. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:364-76. [PMID: 23799821 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Chinese herbal preparation, SiMiaoFang (SMF), has been used clinically for treating arthralgia by virtue of its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving activities. However, no evidence base links SMF to anti-osteoarthritis (OA), particularly its link to inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation. In this study, we undertook a characterization of anti-OA activity of SMF using an in vivo rat model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT+MMx) together with in vitro studies with chondrocytes for further molecular characterization. ACLT+MMx rats were treated with SMF at doses of 0.63, 1.25, and 2.5 grams/kg per day for 6 weeks. SMF treatments significantly inhibited cartilage matrix degradation, as indicated by increasing proteoglycan and collagen content, particularly type II collagen expression in articular cartilage, decreasing CTX-II (collagen type II degradation marker), and increasing CPII (collagen type II synthesis marker) in circulation. Moreover, SMF suppressed synovial inflammation and inhibited release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum. The levels of serum prostaglandin E₂ and nitric oxide productions were decreased via suppression of the production of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Importantly, SMF interfered with OA-augmented expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -3 and -13 and aggrecanases (ADAMTS) -4 and -5, which are considered to be key enzymes in cartilage matrix degradation, and simultaneously augmented OA-reduced tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) -1 and -3 expression in the joints. The largest changes in these parameters were found at the highest dose. Meanwhile, SMF significantly decreased MMP-3 and -13 and increased TIMP-1 and -3 at mRNA and protein levels in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. These findings provide the first evidence that SMF effectively treats OA by inhibiting cartilage matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- 1 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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15
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Yang SW, Kuo CL, Chang SJ, Chen PC, Lin YT, Manousakas I, Kuo SM. Does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment repair articular cartilage injury? A rabbit model study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:36. [PMID: 24507771 PMCID: PMC3923237 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) regiment has been used to treat fractures with non-union and to promote bone union in general. The effect of LIPUS on articular cartilage metabolism has been characterized. Yet, the effect of LIPUS to repair articular cartilage injury remains unclear in vivo. Methods We designed a study to investigate the effect of LIPUS on articular cartilage repairing in a rabbit severe cartilage injury model. Eighteen rabbits were divided into three groups: Sham-operated group, operated group without-LIPUS-treatment, operated group with-LIPUS-treatment (a daily 20-minute treatment for 3 months). Full-thickness cartilage defects were surgically created on the right side distal femoral condyle without intending to penetrate into the subchondral bone, which mimicked severe chondral injury. MR images for experimental joints, morphology grading scale, and histopathological Mankin score were evaluated. Results The preliminary results showed that the operated groups with-LIPUS-treatment and without-LIPUS-treatment had significantly higher Mankin score and morphological grading scale compared with the sham-operated group. However, there was no significant difference between the with-LIPUS-treatment and without-LIPUS-treatment groups. Cartilage defects filled with proliferative tissue were observed in the with-LIPUS-treatment group grossly and under MR images, however which presented less up-take under Alcian blue stain. Furthermore, no new deposition of type II collagen or proliferation of chondrocyte was observed over the cartilage defect after LIPUS treatment. Conclusion LIPUS has no significant therapeutic potential in treating severe articular cartilage injury in our animal study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shyh Ming Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, No,1, Sec, 1, Syuecheng Rd,, Kaohsiung City 84001, Dashu District, Taiwan.
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16
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Aghazadeh-Habashi A, Kohan MHG, Asghar W, Jamali F. Glucosamine dose/concentration-effect correlation in the rat with adjuvant arthritis. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:760-7. [PMID: 24375187 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a debate on the dose dependency, concentration-effect, hence, the beneficial effect of glucosamine (GlcN), a widely used anti-inflammatory natural product. We investigated dose/concentration-effect relationship and determined its minimum effective dose/concentration in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA, Mycobacterium butyricum in squalene) both as preventive and ameliorating interventions. To control already emerged arthritis, rats received oral doses of placebo or 160 mg/kg.day(-1) GlcN for 6 days. For prevention, rats were orally administered 0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mg/kg.day(-1) GlcN commencing on the day of adjuvant injection. The arthritis index (AI), serum nitrite, and body weight were recorded. Subsequently, animals were cannulated in the right jugular veins and blood samples were collected for the determination of GlcN. GlcN ameliorated and, dose-dependently, prevented AA. It also controlled nitrite. AI was inversely correlated with GlcN dose, maximum plasma concentration, and the area under the concentration curve. Minimum effective dose was approximately 40 mg/kg.day(-1) that correspond to maximum plasma concentration of 1.37 ± 0.24 mg/L, close to 1.6 mg/L reported for pharmaceutical grades of GlcN to humans. GlcN efficacy is dose and concentration dependent. If the data extrapolated to humans, a higher than the commonly tested 1500 mg/kg dosage regimen may provide more clear treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghazadeh-Habashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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17
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Gong D, Chu W, Jiang L, Geng C, Li J, Ishikawa N, Kajima K, Zhong L. Effect of fucoxanthin alone and in combination with D-glucosamine hydrochloride on carrageenan/kaolin-induced experimental arthritis in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 28:1054-63. [PMID: 24338843 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the fucoxanthin (FUCO) alone and in combination with glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) on carrageenan/kaolin-induced inflammatory arthritis model in rats and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Joint swelling, muscle weight ratio (%), histopathological examination and scoring, and proteoglycan degradation were examined. Pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis (TNF-α) levels, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein expression and nitric oxide (NO) level in knee synovial tissue extract were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting analysis, and Griess reagent assay, respectively. FUCO and FUCO + GAH not only may significantly reduce degrees of knee joint swelling and prevent against muscle atrophy, but also may significantly attenuate inflammation in synovial tissue, cartilage erosion, and proteoglycan loss. The efficacies of FUCO + GAH were stronger than that of GAH or FUCO. FUCO alone and FUCO + GAH can significantly inhibit upregulation of COX-2 and iNOS protein expressions, decrease of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and reduce NO production in knee synovial tissue extract. These results indicated that FUCO is an effective anti-arthritis agent through an antiinflammation mechanism. FUCO may enhance therapeutic effect of GAH on rat arthritis through mechanism of antiinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Gong
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, China
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18
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The anti-arthritic and immune-modulatory effects of NHAG: a novel glucosamine analogue in adjuvant-induced arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:487610. [PMID: 23971039 PMCID: PMC3732632 DOI: 10.1155/2013/487610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is potentially devastating condition which lacks good treatment options. Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and oxidative stress markers such as nitric oxide (NO) and peroxide (PO) are mediators of RA pathogenesis. In the present study N-[2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl]acrylamide (NHAG), analogue of glucosamine, was evaluated in adjuvant-induced arthritic model of rats. The disease progression was monitored by analysing arthritis scoring, loss of body weight, paw oedema, and histological changes in joints. RA associated hyperalgesia was evaluated by gait analysis. The serum or plasma levels of NO, PO, glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD) IL-1β and TNF-α were analyzed to monitor the state of disease severity. The arthritic control animals exhibited significant increase in arthritic score (P < 0.003) and paw oedema (P < 0.001) with parallel loss in body weight (P < 0.04). The NHAG-treated arthritic animals exhibited refinement in the gait changes associated with arthritis. NHAG also significantly decreased the NO (P < 0.02) and PO (P < 0.03) with concurrent increased in GSH (P < 0.04) and SOD (P < 0.007). Both IL-1β (P < 0.001) and TNF-α (P < 0.001), were significantly decreased in NHAG-treated group. Thus NHAG might have a therapeutic potential for arthritis by exerting antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects.
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Henrotin Y, Lambert C. Chondroitin and Glucosamine in the Management of Osteoarthritis: An Update. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2013; 15:361. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Glucosamine supplementation demonstrates a negative effect on intervertebral disc matrix in an animal model of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013; 38:984-90. [PMID: 23324939 PMCID: PMC3672267 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318286b31e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Laboratory based controlled in vivo study. OBJECTIVE To determine the in vivo effects of oral glucosamine sulfate on intervertebral disc degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although glucosamine has demonstrated beneficial effect in articular cartilage, clinical benefit is uncertain. A Centers for Disease Control report from 2009 reported that many patients are using glucosamine supplementation for low back pain, without significant evidence to support its use. Because disc degeneration is a major contributor of low back pain, we explored the effects of glucosamine on disc matrix homeostasis in an animal model of disc degeneration. METHODS Eighteen skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 4 groups: control, annular puncture, glucosamine, and annular puncture + glucosamine. Glucosamine treated rabbits received daily oral supplementation with 107 mg/d (weight based equivalent to human 1500 mg/d). Annular puncture surgery involved puncturing the annulus fibrosus of 3 lumbar discs with a 16-gauge needle to induce degeneration. Serial magnetic resonance images were obtained at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks. Discs were harvested at 20 weeks for determination of glycosaminoglycan content, relative gene expression measured by real time polymerase chain reaction, and histological analyses. RESULTS The magnetic resonance imaging index and nucleus pulposus area of injured discs of glucosamine treated animals with annular puncture was found to be lower than that of degenerated discs from rabbits not supplemented with glucosamine. Consistent with this, decreased glycosaminoglycan was demonstrated in glucosamine fed animals, as determined by both histological and glycosaminoglycan content. Gene expression was consistent with a detrimental effect on matrix. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that the net effect on matrix in an animal model in vivo, as measured by gene expression, magnetic resonance imaging, histology, and total proteoglycan is antianabolic. This raises concern about this commonly used supplement, and future research is needed to establish the clinical relevance of these findings.
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Ohnishi A, Osaki T, Matahira Y, Tsuka T, Imagawa T, Okamoto Y, Minami S. Evaluation of the chondroprotective effects of glucosamine and fish collagen peptide on a rabbit ACLT model using serum biomarkers. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 75:421-9. [PMID: 23154419 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of severity of osteoarthritis (OA) and serum biomarkers including keratan sulfate (KS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) 846 epitope. We also investigated the effect of glucosamine and fish collagen peptide (FCP) on OA. OA was induced in 12 rabbits (12 weeks of age) by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). After the surgery, the rabbits were orally administered FCP (F group), glucosamine (G group) or FCP and glucosamine (FG group) for 4 weeks. The control group was provided water ad libitum (C group). Blood was collected before surgery (pre-ACLT) and before euthanasia (post-ACLT) for serum marker measurement. Biomarker levels were measured by using commercial kits. We evaluated OA severity both macroscopically and histologically. Macroscopic evaluation showed mildly eroded condylar surfaces in the C group. Histological findings were significantly different from the FG and other groups. There were no significant differences between each group at post-ACLT in terms of serum KS, HA and CS 846. Histological assessment and serum biomarker measurements performed at post-ACLT showed a significant correlation between HA concentration and OA severity. Variations in the CS 846 concentration at pre-ACLT and post-ACLT were significantly correlated with OA severity. Administration of glucosamine and FCP had chondroprotective effects in the ACLT model. Serum biomarker concentrations were significantly correlated with cartilage injury. Serum biomarker measurement would be useful for monitoring articular cartilage damage in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ohnishi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Japan
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22
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Sherman AL, Ojeda-Correal G, Mena J. Use of glucosamine and chondroitin in persons with osteoarthritis. PM R 2012; 4:S110-6. [PMID: 22632689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine and chondroitin are members of a group of dietary supplements often termed "complementary agents," "disease-modifying agents," or "disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs" (DMOADs). They are among the best-selling dietary supplements in the United States. DMOADs are thought to act by affecting cytokine-mediated pathways regulating inflammation, cartilage degradation, and immune responses. Given the results of recent studies, investigators have begun to question whether the popular combination of glucosamine and chondroitin alleviates disease progression or pain in people with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Reasons proposed for the lack of benefit include incorrect dosing, suboptimal compound manufacture, and a lack of complete understanding of when and how to apply the compounds. In addition, adjuvant medications also could augment the therapeutic potential of these agents. Although these agents are considered safe, some uncommon and minor adverse effects have been reported, including epigastric pain or tenderness (3.5%), heartburn (2.7%), diarrhea (2.5%), and nausea (1%). In conclusion, although some questions have arisen about whether DMOADs are as effective as has been claimed, a trial should be considered in in selected patients with sustained refractory cases of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Sherman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, 1500 NW 12th Ave, Floor 14, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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23
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Gilzad-Kohan MH, Jamali F. Glucosamine and adjuvant arthritis: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yamagishi Y, Igarashi M, Suzuki A, Suguro S, Hirano SI, Nagaoka I. Evaluation of the effect of methionine and glucosamine on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:640-644. [PMID: 23170118 PMCID: PMC3501438 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of individual administration of methionine or glucosamine (GlcN) and compared with the combined administration of methionine and GlcN on the adjuvant arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in female Lewis rats by injecting Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) into the right hind paws, and methionine (200 mg/kg body weight/day) and/or GlcN (400 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 21 days. The progression of the adjuvant arthritis was clinically evaluated for characteristic signs and symptoms by employing an arthritis score. The administration of methionine combined with GlcN suppressed the swelling of FCA-uninjected left hind paws and the arthritis score. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that the combined administration of methionine and GlcN markedly suppressed synovial hyperplasia and the destruction of the cartilage surface and articular meniscus of the knee joints of FCA-injected right hind paws. Furthermore, combined methionine and GlcN administration suppressed the increase in the levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and hyaluronic acid in the plasma of rats with adjuvant arthritis. By contrast, individual administration of methionine or GlcN suppressed arthritis only slightly. These observations suggest that the combined administration of methionine and GlcN is more effective compared with individual administrations of methionine or GlcN in suppressing the progression of adjuvant arthritis (identified as swelling of joints and arthritis score), possibly by synergistically inhibiting synovial inflammation (identified as synovial hyperplasia and the destruction of the cartilage surface and articular meniscus) and the production of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Yamagishi
- Protein Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo 100-0011; ; Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to glucosamine and maintenance of normal joint cartilage pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Taniguchi S, Ryu J, Seki M, Sumino T, Tokuhashi Y, Esumi M. Long-term oral administration of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate reduces destruction of cartilage and up-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis in Hartley guinea pigs. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:673-8. [PMID: 22058013 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Histological and molecular changes were examined to investigate the effects of long-term administration of glucosamine (GlcN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. Three groups of female 3-week-old Hartley guinea pigs received GlcN, CS, and neither agent, respectively. Five animals in each group were sacrificed at 8, 12, and 18 months of age. At 8 months of age, Hartley guinea pigs had severe degeneration of knee joint cartilage, chondrocyte apoptosis, marked reduction of tissue total RNA, decreases of aggrecan and collagen type 2 mRNAs, and increases in MMP-3 and MMP-8 mRNAs. Long-term administration of GlcN and CS reduced cartilage degeneration at 8 months of age. The marked loss of total RNA and the increase in MMP-3 mRNA were also inhibited by GlcN and CS. Thus, long-term oral administration of GlcN or CS inhibits OA progression, maintains total RNA and down-regulates MMP-3 mRNA in a spontaneous OA model in Hartley guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Chen WP, Hu PF, Bao JP, Wu LD. Morin exerts antiosteoarthritic properties: an in vitro and in vivo study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:380-6. [PMID: 22496430 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid isolated from members of the Moraceae family. Morin has been reported to possess antioxidative and anticarcinogenic activities. However, the antiosteoarthritic properties of morin have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluate the antiarthritic properties of morin through in vitro and in vivo studies. We examined the effects of morin on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-13 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β)-induced rat chondrocytes by realtime polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The effects of morin on the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases were also investigated. The in vivo antiosteoarthritic effects of morin were evaluated in the rat model of anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). We found that morin inhibited the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 and increased the expression of TIMP-1 in IL-1 β-induced rat chondrocytes. In addition, morin inhibited IL-1 β-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38. For the in vivo study in a rat model of OA induced by ACLT, in which morin was orally administered to rat, the results show that morin suppressed cartilage degradation. Our results suggest that morin may be considered as a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Peng Bao
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Dong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Chan KOW, Ng GYF. A review on the effects of glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis based on human and animal studies. Hong Kong Physiother J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkpj.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dodge GR, Regatte RR, Noyszewski EA, Hall JO, Sharma AV, Callaway DA, Reddy R. The Fate of Oral Glucosamine Traced by (13)C Labeling in the Dog. Cartilage 2011; 2:279-85. [PMID: 26069586 PMCID: PMC4300808 DOI: 10.1177/1947603510391780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has remained ambiguous as to whether oral dosing of glucosamine (GlcN) would make its way to the joint and affect changes in the cartilage, particularly the integrity of cartilage and chondrocyte function. The objective of this study was to trace the fate of orally dosed GlcN and determine definitively if GlcN was incorporated into cartilage proteoglycans. DESIGN Two dogs were treated with (13)C-GlcN-HCl by oral dosing (500 mg/dog/d for 2 weeks and 250 mg/dog/d for 3 weeks). Cartilage was harvested from the tibial plateau and femoral condyles along with tissue specimens from the liver, spleen, heart, kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, lung, and costal cartilage. Percentages of (13)C and (13)C-GlcN present in each tissue sample were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS In the case of dog 1 (2-week treatment), there was an increase of 2.3% of (13)C present in the articular cartilage compared to the control and an increase of 1.6% of (13)C in dog 2 compared to control. As to be expected, the highest percentage of (13)C in the other tissues tested was found in the liver, and the remaining tissues had percentages of (13)C less than that of articular cartilage. CONCLUSION The results are definitive and for the first time provide conclusive evidence that orally given GlcN can make its way through the digestive tract and be used by chondrocytes in joint cartilage, thereby potentially having an effect on the available GlcN for proteoglycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Dodge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA,McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,George R. Dodge, PhD, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA
| | - Ravinder R. Regatte
- MMRRCC, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jeffery O. Hall
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Akella V. Sharma
- MMRRCC, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D. Allen Callaway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- MMRRCC, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nakasone Y, Watabe K, Watanabe K, Tomonaga A, Nagaoka I, Yamamoto T, Yamaguchi H. Effect of a glucosamine-based combination supplement containing chondroitin sulfate and antioxidant micronutrients in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:893-899. [PMID: 22977594 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of a glucosamine (1,200 mg/day)-based dietary supplement combined with chondroitin sulfate and three antioxidant micronutrients, namely methylsulfonylmethane, guava leaf extract, and vitamin D (test supplement) on osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. A 16-week, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 32 subjects with symptomatic knee OA. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) for symptoms and a study diary-based visual analog scale (diary VAS) for pain at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 16 during the 16-week intervention period. Furthermore, biomarkers for cartilage type II collagen degradation (C2C) and synovitis hyaluronan (HA) were measured. As compared with the baseline, the JKOM pain subscale was significantly improved at all of the four assessment time points in the test group, but was not at any time point in the placebo group. On the other hand, all of the four symptom subscales and the aggregated total symptoms were significantly improved in the two groups at one or more time points. However, all of these clinical improvements were greater in extent in the test group than in the placebo group, and there were significant differences between groups in the magnitude of changes from baseline for one subscale 'general activities' and the aggregated total symptoms at week 8 (P<0.05). The results of efficacy assessments with the diary VAS showed that all of the three pain subscales were significantly improved only in the test group at almost all the time points. Moreover, serum levels of C2C and HA were decreased by 10 and 25%, respectively, at week 16 in the test group, albeit not statistically significant, without any detectable changes in the placebo group. In conclusion, although the results obtained in this study were not conclusive, the tested glucosamine-based combination supplement is likely to have a beneficial effect on pain and other symptoms associated with knee OA.
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Identification and quantification of glucosamine in rabbit cartilage and correlation with plasma levels by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 695:77-83. [PMID: 21601033 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the determination of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose) in rabbit cartilage was developed and optimized. Glucosamine was extracted from cartilage by cryogenic grinding followed by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid. The HPLC separation was achieved with a polymer-based amino column using a mobile phase composed of 10mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.5)-acetonitrile (20:80%, v/v) at 0.3 mL min flow rate. d-[1-(13)C]Glucosamine was used as internal standard. Selective detection was performed by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray source, operating in positive ionization mode and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition (m/z 180→72 and 181→73 for glucosamine and internal standard, respectively). Limit of quantification was 0.045 ng injected, corresponding to 0.25 μg g⁻¹ in cartilage. Linearity was obtained up to 20 μg g⁻¹ (R(2)>0.991). Precision values (%R.S.D.) were <10%. Accuracy (% bias) ranged from -6.0% to 12%. Mean recoveries obtained at 3 concentration levels were higher than 81% (%R.S.D.≤8%). The method was applied to measure glucosamine levels in rabbit cartilage and plasma after single oral administration of glucosamine sulfate at a dose of 98 mg kg⁻¹(n=6). Glucosamine was present in cartilage in physiological condition before the treatment. After dosing, mean concentration of cartilage glucosamine significantly increased from 461 to 1040 ng g⁻¹. Cartilage glucosamine levels resulted to be well correlated with plasma concentrations, which therefore are useful to predict the target cartilage concentration and its pharmacological activity.
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Nagaoka I, Igarashi M, Hua J, Ju Y, Yomogida S, Sakamoto K. Recent aspects of the anti-inflammatory actions of glucosamine. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hubert C, Houari S, Lecomte F, Houbart V, De Bleye C, Fillet M, Piel G, Rozet E, Hubert P. Development and validation of a sensitive solid phase extraction/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the accurate determination of glucosamine in dog plasma. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Naito K, Watari T, Muta T, Furuhata A, Iwase H, Igarashi M, Kurosawa H, Nagaoka I, Kaneko K. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) increases the articular cartilage type II collagen in a rat osteoarthritis model. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:361-9. [PMID: 19810106 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on cartilage was evaluated in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model using serum biomarkers such as CTX-II (type II collagen degradation) and CPII (type II collagen synthesis) as well as histological criteria (Mankin score and immunohistochemical type II collagen staining). OA was surgically induced in the knee joint of rats by anterior cruciate/medial collateral ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT + MMx). Animals were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), ACLT + MMx group without LIPUS (-LIPUS), and ACLT + MMx group with LIPUS (+LIPUS; 30 mW/cm(2), 20 min/day for 28 days). CTX-II levels were elevated in both -LIPUS and +LIPUS groups compared to that in the Sham group after the operation, but there was no significant difference between +LIPUS and -LIPUS groups, suggesting that LIPUS does not affect the degradation of type II collagen in this model. In contrast, CPII was significantly increased in +LIPUS group compared to -LIPUS and Sham. Moreover, histological damage on the cartilage (Mankin score) was ameliorated by LIPUS, and type II collagen was immunohistochemically increased by LIPUS in the cartilage of an OA model. Of interest, mRNA expression of type II collagen was enhanced by LIPUS in chondrocytes. Together these observations suggest that LIPUS is likely to increase the type II collagen synthesis in articular cartilage, possibly via the activation of chondrocytes and induction of type II collagen mRNA expression, thereby exhibiting chondroprotective action in a rat OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohito Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan.
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Naito K, Watari T, Furuhata A, Yomogida S, Sakamoto K, Kurosawa H, Kaneko K, Nagaoka I. Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine on an experimental rat osteoarthritis model. Life Sci 2010; 86:538-43. [PMID: 20188111 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the in vivo effect of glucosamine on articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA), we evaluated serum biomarkers such as CTX-II (type II collagen degradation) and CPII (type II collagen synthesis) as well as histopathological changes (Mankin score, toluidine blue staining of proteoglycans in an experimental OA model using rats. MAIN METHODS OA was surgically induced in the knee joint by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in rats. Animals were divided into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), ACLT group without GlcN administration (-GlcN) and ACLT group with oral administration of glucosamine hydrochloride (+GlcN; 1000mg/kg/day for 56days). KEY FINDINGS ACLT induced macroscopic erosive changes on the surfaces of articular cartilage and histological damages such as increase of Mankin score. Of note, glucosamine administration substantially suppressed the macroscopic changes, although the effect on Mankin score was not significant. In addition, serum CTX-II levels were elevated in -GlcN group compared to that in Sham group after the operation. Of importance, the increase of CTX-II was significantly suppressed by GlcN administration. Moreover, serum CP-II levels were substantially increased in +GlcN group compared to those in Sham and -GlcN groups after the operation. SIGNIFICANCE GlcN has a potential to exert a chondroprotective action on OA by inhibiting type II collagen degradation and enhancing type II collagen synthesis in the articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohito Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, 1129 Nagaoka, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan
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The effect of two clinically relevant fusionless scoliosis implant strategies on the health of the intervertebral disc: analysis in an immature goat model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010; 35:371-7. [PMID: 20110838 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181b962a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Immature goat spines were instrumented at 5 levels with 2 different fusionless scoliosis implants. Instrumented and subadjacent spinal segments were analyzed to determine the effect on the disc and endplate. OBJECTIVE Analyze the regional biochemistry and histology of spinal motion segments in healthy goat spines treated with 2 clinically relevant, fusionless scoliosis implants. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Fusionless scoliosis surgery is thought to be more physiologic than fusion as it preserves the growth, motion, and function of the spine. There are presently little data supporting this belief. METHODS Scoliosis was created in twelve 8-week-old female goats (n = 6 per group) using 1 of 2 fusionless scoliosis implant strategies: 2 SMA staples per level or a bone anchor/ligament tether. A third group served as controls (n = 6). Goats were analyzed after 6 months. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on spinal motion segments using H&E, TUNEL, and caspase-3 staining. RESULTS Neither implant strategy produced degenerative changes in the disc. However, discs at instrumented levels in both groups demonstrated decreased cell density (P < 0.01) and increased cellular apoptosis (P < 0.001) compared to controls. Subadjacent discs demonstrated preservation of viable cells and endplate vascularity compared to instrumented discs. CONCLUSION Fusionless scoliosis implants result in alterations in viable cell density within the disc and reduced vascularity in the vertebral endplates of instrumented but not subadjacent discs. Though obvious disc degeneration was not observed, the implications of the cellular and histologic changes are not known. Additional study will be necessary to better understand various fusionless scoliosis surgery strategies and their effect on surrounding tissues.
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Block JA, Oegema TR, Sandy JD, Plaas A. The effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: is a change in research approach needed? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:5-11. [PMID: 19733270 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral glucosamine (GlcN) has been widely studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in alleviating the pain and disability of osteoarthritis (OA). Its popularity has grown despite ongoing controversy regarding its effectiveness vs placebo in clinical trials, and lack of information regarding possible mechanisms of action. Here, we review the state of knowledge concerning the biology of GlcN as it relates to OA, and discuss a framework for future research directions. METHODS An editorial "narrative" review of peer-reviewed publications is organized into four topics (1) Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of GlcN salts (2) Biological effects of GlcN salts in vitro (3) Therapeutic effects of GlcN salts in animal models of OA and (4) GlcN salts in the treatment of clinical OA. RESULTS Data reporting potent pleiotropic activities of GlcN in in vitro cell and explant cultures are discussed in the context of the established pharmacokinetic data in humans and animals. The available clinical trial data are discussed to place the patient in the context of controlled research on disease management. CONCLUSIONS Future research to determine therapeutic mechanisms of GlcN salt preparations will require use of standardized and clinically relevant in vitro assay systems and in vivo animal models for testing, as well as development of new outcome measures for inflammation and pain pathways in human OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Block
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL 60612, USA.
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Panicker S, Borgia J, Fhied C, Mikecz K, Oegema TR. Oral glucosamine modulates the response of the liver and lymphocytes of the mesenteric lymph nodes in a papain-induced model of joint damage and repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1014-21. [PMID: 19364543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether glucosamine (GlcN), an oral supplement commonly taken to relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis, modulates the immune and inflammatory responses to joint injury in organs proximal to GlcN absorption; namely, the liver and the gut-draining lymph nodes. METHOD Using a papain-injected knee mouse model, standard histological methods were used to validate our model and document the impact of GlcN (100mg/kg/day) on groups of C57BL/6 mice (n=5). Circulating inflammatory cytokines were assessed by Luminex-based immunoassays and the relevance of this cytokine profile on proteoglycan biosynthesis evaluated using a patellar-cartilage assay. Real-time PCR was used to document the role of the liver in cytokine production. Finally, we appraised the activation of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) lymphocytes by flow cytometry. RESULTS Papain significantly degraded the proteoglycans in the injected knees by 2 days. Cartilage proteoglycan content was significantly higher in GlcN-treated, papain-injected knees at Day 14. The peak concentration of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred earlier and decreased sooner in the injected, GlcN-supplemented mice; this trend was in agreement with the expression of these factors by the liver. GlcN did not alter the percentage of MLN populations but accelerated their activation. CONCLUSIONS Oral GlcN alters the physiology of the liver and MLNs, which in turn, could indirectly alter the biology of the injured joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Pastorini E, Rotini R, Guardigli M, Vecchiotti S, Persiani S, Trisolino G, Antonioli D, Rovati LC, Roda A. Development and validation of a HPLC-ES-MS/MS method for the determination of glucosamine in human synovial fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:1009-14. [PMID: 19647388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new HPLC method for the determination of glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose) in human synovial fluid was developed and validated. Synovial fluid samples were analyzed after a simple protein precipitation step with trichloroacetic acid using a polymer-based amino column with a mobile phase composed of 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.5)-acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at 0.3 mL/min flow rate. D-[1-13C]glucosamine was used as internal standard. Selective detection was performed by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray source, operating in positive ionization mode and in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition (m/z 180-->72 and 181-->73 for glucosamine and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification (injected volume=3 microL) was 0.02 ng, corresponding to 10 ng/mL in synovial fluid. Calibration curves obtained using matrix-matched calibration standards and internal standard at 600 ng/mL were linear up to 2000 ng/mL. Precision values (%R.S.D.) were < or = 14% in the entire analytical range. Accuracy (%bias) ranged from -11% to 10%. The recoveries measured at three concentration levels (50, 800, and 1500 ng/mL) were higher than 89%. The method was successfully applied to measure endogenous glucosamine levels in synovial fluid samples collected from patients with knee osteoarthritis and glucosamine levels after oral administration of glucosamine sulfate (DONA) at the dose of 1500 mg/day for 14 consecutive days (steady-state).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pastorini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ballyns JJ, Gleghorn JP, Niebrzydowski V, Rawlinson JJ, Potter HG, Maher SA, Wright TM, Bonassar LJ. Image-guided tissue engineering of anatomically shaped implants via MRI and micro-CT using injection molding. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1195-202. [PMID: 18593357 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates for the first time the development of engineered tissues based on anatomic geometries derived from widely used medical imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Computer-aided design and tissue injection molding techniques have demonstrated the ability to generate living implants of complex geometry. Due to its complex geometry, the meniscus of the knee was used as an example of this technique's capabilities. MRI and microcomputed tomography (microCT) were used to design custom-printed molds that enabled the generation of anatomically shaped constructs that retained shape throughout 8 weeks of culture. Engineered constructs showed progressive tissue formation indicated by increases in extracellular matrix content and mechanical properties. The paradigm of interfacing tissue injection molding technology can be applied to other medical imaging techniques that render 3D models of anatomy, demonstrating the potential to apply the current technique to engineering of many tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Ballyns
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Effects of intra-articular administration of glucosamine and a peptidyl-glucosamine derivative in a rabbit model of experimental osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 2007; 28:437-43. [PMID: 17924112 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-007-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the effects of glucosamine (GlcN) and its N-acetyl-phenylalanine derivative (NAPA) in Vitamin A model of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits. GlcN or NAPA or saline solution was intra-articularly administered in rabbit OA knees. Histological analysis revealed that treatment with GlcN or NAPA was associated with more homogeneous chondrocyte cellularity, absence of fissures and fragmentation and more intense staining of the matrix with Alcian Blue compared to the articular surfaces of the knees treated with saline solution. Comparative in vitro study performed on rabbit primary chondrocytes revealed that GlcN and NAPA were also able to counteract the IL-1beta-upregulation of genes coding for metalloproteases and inflammatory cytokines. Our preliminary in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that GlcN and NAPA could play a disease-modifying protective role in OA by an anti-catabolic effect and an anti-inflammatory activity on chondrocytes.
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Wang SX, Laverty S, Dumitriu M, Plaas A, Grynpas MD. The effects of glucosamine hydrochloride on subchondral bone changes in an animal model of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1537-48. [PMID: 17469133 DOI: 10.1002/art.22574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify periarticular subchondral bone changes in a rabbit model of experimental osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine the effects of continuous administration of a clinically relevant dose of glucosamine HCl on subchondral bone changes in this model. METHODS Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed on the left femorotibial joints of 16 rabbits to induce OA. Ten rabbits that did not undergo ACLT served as unoperated controls. Eight rabbits that underwent ACLT and 6 control rabbits were treated with 100 mg of glucosamine daily, and the others were given a placebo. The articular cartilage was evaluated macroscopically and graded at the time of necropsy, 8 weeks after ACLT. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry on the dissected distal femur and proximal tibia. Subchondral trabecular bone turnover, architecture, and connectivity, as well as subchondral plate thickness and mineralization were studied on the undecalcified tibia sections from each animal. RESULTS Eight weeks after ACLT, most of the operated joints had various degrees of cartilage damage and fibrillation. Compared with the control group, the ACLT group had significantly increased subchondral bone turnover and lower BMD, bone volume, connectivity, and bone mineralization. The high bone turnover was significantly reduced in glucosamine-treated animals that underwent ACLT. In fact, there were no significant differences between the ACLT/glucosamine group and the control/glucosamine group in most of the bone parameters studied. CONCLUSION This study shows that subchondral bone turnover, structure, and mineralization are significantly altered in the early stages of experimental OA, and that these changes are attenuated by glucosamine treatment.
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Derfoul A, Miyoshi AD, Freeman DE, Tuan RS. Glucosamine promotes chondrogenic phenotype in both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits MMP-13 expression and matrix degradation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:646-55. [PMID: 17337215 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucosamine (GlcN), a natural amino monosaccharide, is a constituent of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in hyaline cartilage. GlcN salts constitute a new class of nutraceutical components with putative chondroprotective activity, which may target chondrocytes as well as chondroprogenitors cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), during cartilage turnover and repair. In the present study, we examined the effects of GlcN on chondrogenesis of human MSCs (hMSCs) and the phenotype of normal and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes, using an in vitro pellet culture model maintained in a defined medium. METHODS hMSCs and normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes grown as pellet cultures, stimulated or not with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), were treated with varying doses of GlcN. Expression of cartilage matrix genes and cartilage degrading enzymes was determined by semiquantitative and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and by histological staining of cartilage markers, as well as sulfated GAG (sGAG) analysis and Western blotting. RESULTS Chondrocytes grown in the presence of serum for 11 days showed decreased expression of the cartilage matrix genes, collagen type II (collagen II) and aggrecan, as early as day 3, which was reversed with GlcN treatment by day 11. Both hMSCs and chondrocytes grown as pellet cultures in defined medium and treated with 100 microM GlcN exhibited enhanced expression of collagen II and aggrecan as well as increased content of sGAG, when compared to control untreated pellets. However, high doses of GlcN (10-20mM) were inhibitory. GlcN treatment partially blocked IL-1beta mediated downregulation of collagen II and aggrecan expression and inhibited expression of the matrix degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), in both chondrocytes and hMSCs undergoing chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that GlcN treatment enhances hMSC chondrogenesis and maintains cartilage matrix gene expression in chondrocytes, which may account for some of the reported chondroprotective properties of GlcN on cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Derfoul
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Zhong S, Zhong D, Chen X. Improved and simplified liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for the analysis of underivatized glucosamine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:291-8. [PMID: 17544344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide reagent. It is difficult to assay using typical reversed-phase column due to the early elution, by optimizing the chromatographic conditions, especially the analytical column and the mobile phase composition, an improved analytical method was developed and validated, which offers rapid, sensitive and specific determination of glucosamine in human plasma. Following protein precipitation, the analyte and internal standard (valibose) were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on an Inertsil CN-3 column and detected by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective precursor to product ion combinations of m/z 180/72 for glucosamine and m/z 252/198 for valibose. The chromatographic time was just 4.2 min for each sample, which made it possible to analyze more than 120 human plasma samples per day. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 4.00-4000 ng/mL for glucosamine in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 4.00 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 10.9%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for the plasma concentrations over the standard curve range. By monitoring the two different MRM transitions, it was proved that no endogenous glucosamine was found in human plasma. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in a bioequivalence study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 646 Songtao Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Abstracts of the XXVII Italian Society for the Study of Connective Tissues (SISC) Meeting, Bologna, Italy, 8-10 November 2007. Connect Tissue Res 2007; 48:338-63. [PMID: 18075821 DOI: 10.1080/03008200701726970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Beaudry F, Vachon P. Determination of glucosamine in horse plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 22:1-4. [PMID: 17849505 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine is an amino sugar involved in the biosynthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Recently, with increased public interest in natural products medicine, glucosamine has been widely used to treat osteoarthritis, even though demonstrations of its actual efficacy remain relatively unknown. Information related to the pharmcokinetics of glucosamine is sparse. A recent analytical method published used 13C-glucosamine as an internal standard to analyse study samples. The method lacked accuracy owing to an important natural isotopic contribution of glucosamine to 13C-glucosamine ion abundance. This manuscript describes a simple method to quantify glucosamine in horse plasma. Glucosamine was extracted by protein precipitation with acetonotrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The chromatography was performed on a Agilent Hypersil-ODS 100x2.1 mm column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.5% formic acid in water (45:55) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A linear (1/x) relationship was used to perform the calibration over an analytical range of 10-1000 ng/mL. The inter-batch precision and accuracy ranged from 5.3 to 11.3% and from 87.8 to 107.2% in horse plasma, respectively. The mean endogenous level of glucosamine in horse plasma was 14.4 ng/mL (n=6). This LC-ESI/MS/MS method for the determination of glucosamine in horse plasma provided results within generally accepted criteria used for bioanalytical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Beaudry
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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Yomogida S, Hua J, Tsutsumi-Ishii Y, Sakamoto K, Nagaoka I. Effect of glucosamine on Interleukin-8 production from human colonic epithelial cell line. Inflamm Regen 2006. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.26.513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
In horses, lameness is often attributable to some degree of osteoarthritis (OA), a complex disease process that is highlighted by eventual degradation of articular cartilage. Conventional therapies for OA in horses are designed to relieve pain and discomfort and often include pharmacologic intervention with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or intra-articular steroids. Oral administration of nutraceutical products to the horse is common and easy and is perceived to be a benign treatment for OA in horses. The main goal for use of nutraceuticals is to use them in OA cases to attempt to lower the dose of other drugs that are more problematic while potentially preventing further degradation (disease or structure modifying). This article attempts to define a nutraceutical, identifies areas that need to be considered when these products are used, and describes the known scientific effects of the most common compounds contained in currently available equine nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy N Trumble
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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