1
|
Liu X, Wang Q, Wang J, Guo L, Chu Y, Ma C, Kang W. Structural characterization, chain conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Inonotus hispidus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129187. [PMID: 38262551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide (IHP-1aa) was isolated from the fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and column chromatography. The molecular weight of IHP-1aa was 26.9 kDa. Structural analysis showed that IHP-1aa consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), fucose (Fuc), mannose (Man) and contained a certain amount of 3-O-methylgalactose (3-O-Me-Gal). The structure was mainly composed of →6)-α/β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-(3-O-Me)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and →2, 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → as the main chain. Branched at O-2 with single β-L-Fucp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → as major the side chain. The results of SEM, XRD and AFM combined with Congo red indicated that IHP-1aa may be amorphous granular chain conformation. In addition, IHP-1aa stimulated macrophage function and improved phagocytic ability of RAW264.7, as well as promoted the secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. IHP-1aa, a 3-O-methylgalactose-containing heteropolysaccharide, was isolated for the first time from the I. hispidus, which may be used as a potential immunomodulator in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lin Guo
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanhai Chu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Robert M, Miossec P, Hot A. The Th17 Pathway in Vascular Inflammation: Culprit or Consort? Front Immunol 2022; 13:888763. [PMID: 35479069 PMCID: PMC9035791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of IL-17A in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has prompted the development of therapeutic strategies to block the Th17 pathway. Promising results came from their use in psoriasis and in ankylosing spondylitis. IL-17A acts on various cell types and has both local and systemic effects. Considering the premature mortality observed during chronic inflammatory diseases, IL-17A action on vascular cells was studied. Both in vitro and in vivo results suggest that this cytokine favors inflammation, coagulation and thrombosis and promotes the occurrence of cardiovascular events. These observations led to study the role of IL-17A in diseases characterized by vascular inflammation, namely allograft rejection and vasculitis. Increased circulating levels of IL-17A and histological staining reveal that the Th17 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Vasculitis treatment faces challenges while the use of steroids has many side effects. Regarding results obtained in giant cell arteritis with IL-6 inhibitors, a cytokine involved in Th17 differentiation, the use of anti-IL-17 is a promising strategy. However, lessons from rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis must be learnt before targeting IL-17 in vasculitis, which may be culprit, consort or both of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Robert
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
- *Correspondence: Marie Robert,
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, and Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Y, Yang X, Zheng W, Gao M, Gao Q, Xu D. Preparation, characterization, and cytokine-stimulating activity of oligosaccharides from Tremella fuciformis Berk. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13212. [PMID: 32301136 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Tremella fuciformis Berk polysaccharides (TP) have significant cytokine-stimulating activity and low oral bioavailability owing to their large molecular volume. Identifying and studying the smallest active structure of TP can potentially be beneficial for further utilization and research, therefore, TP was hydrolyzed and fractionated to obtain its (1→3)-mannan backbone fragments. The fragments were further isolated by ion-exchange resin, ultrafiltration, gel, and HPLC chromatography, and three oligosaccharide fractions, named TL4-1, TL4-2, TL4-3, were obtained. According to the determination of their physicochemical properties, they were composed of Man, and after methylation analysis they were mainly characterized as (1→3)-mannan oligosaccharides with a straight chain. TL4-1 contained di-, trisaccharides, TL4-2 included tetra-, penta-saccharides, and TL4-3 was made up of hex-, hepta-, octa-saccharides, according to LC-ESI/MS analysis. Cytokine stimulation experiments showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) should be more than six to maintain the activity of mannosan. Therefore, the smallest active unit of oligo-mannose was determined. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper reports the physical and chemical parameters, structure and biological potential of oligosaccharides from T. fuciformis Berk, a common edible fungus. Tremella has been used as an improving immunity drug in China with good effect. Oligosaccharides are more easily digested and utilized by human body, and maintain good activity. These results can increase people's interest in the product, and thus have a positive impact on the oligosaccharides of Tremella as health food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qipin Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Phosphatidylserine-exposing blood cells, microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps increase procoagulant activity in patients with pancreatic cancer. Thromb Res 2020; 188:5-16. [PMID: 32032826 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) are at increased risk of venous thrombosis, but the precise mechanisms of hypercoagulable state in PC remain unclear. We aimed to identify how phosphatidylserine positive (PS+) blood cells (BCs), PS+ microparticles (MPs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) regulate procoagulant activity (PCA) in PC, and to assess the relationship between PCA and PC staging. A total of 83 PC patients with different stages of disease were compared to 30 healthy controls, with confocal microscopy and flow cytometry used to assess MP and cellular PS exposure. MP and cell PCA was determined using both fibrin production assays and procoagulant enzyme complex analyses, and coagulation time was further measured. Patients with stage I PC and healthy controls exhibited significantly lower frequencies of PS+ MPs and BCs relative to those with more advanced disease, which may partly due to the increased levels of inflammation cytokines in advanced disease. Functional coagulation assays indicated that PS+ MPs and BCs derived from patients with stage II/III/IV PC directly contribute to elevated FXa, thrombin, and fibrin formation, and to more rapid coagulation relative to healthy control samples. In inhibition assays, lactadherin, which antagonizes PS, led to a roughly 80% inhibition of PCA. We further used isolated NETs to stimulate endothelial cells, revealing that this led to morphological changes including retraction from cell-cell junctions and a more pro-coagulative phenotype, with DNase I and activated protein C treatment reversing these changes. In patients with stage III PC, curative resection surgery significantly reduced PCA, whereas non-curative surgery did not have a marked impact based on studies of pre- and post-operative samples. These results highlight the pathogenic activity of PS+ cells, MPs, and NETs in promoting a prothrombotic environment within individuals suffering from advanced PC. Targeting PS and NETs in these patients may thus be a viable means of preventing pathological thrombosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Stringham NT, Holmes PV, Stringham JM. Effects of macular xanthophyll supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive performance. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112650. [PMID: 31425700 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative and inflammatory processes play a major role in stress-induced neural atrophy. There is a wide body of literature linking oxidative and inflammatory stress with reductions in neurotrophic factors, stress resilience, and cognitive function. Based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, we investigated the effect of the dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, along with the zeaxanthin isomer meso-zeaxanthin (collectively the "macular xanthophylls" [MXans]) on systemic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and anti-oxidant capacity (AOC), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. To investigate higher-order effects, we assessed cognitive performance. METHODS 59 young (18-25 yrs.), healthy subjects participated in a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effects of MXan supplementation on the aforementioned serum parameters and cognitive performance. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, 13 mg, or 27 mg/day total MXans; all measures were taken at baseline and 6 months. Blood was obtained via fasting blood draw, and MXan concentration in the retina (termed macular pigment optical density [MPOD]) was measured via customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Serum BDNF and cytokines were assessed via ELISA. Serum antioxidant capacity (AOC) and serum MXan concentrations were quantified via colorimetric microplate assay, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Cognitive performance was measured via a computer-based assessment tool (CNS Vital Signs). RESULTS BDNF, MPOD, serum MXans, and AOC all increased significantly versus placebo in both treatment groups over the 6-month study period (p < .05 for all). IL-1β decreased significantly versus placebo in both treatment groups (p = .0036 and p = .006, respectively). For cognitive measures, scores for composite memory, verbal memory, sustained attention, psychomotor speed, and processing speed all improved significantly in treatment groups (p < .05 for all) and remained unchanged in the placebo group. Several measures were found to be significantly associated in terms of relational changes over the course of the study. Notably, change in BDNF was related to change in IL-1β (r = -0.47; p < .001) and MPOD (r = 0.44; p = .0086). Additionally, changes in serum MXans were strongly related to AOC (r = 0.79 & 0.61 for lutein and zeaxanthin isomers respectively; p < .001). For cognitive scores, change in BDNF was correlated to change in composite memory (r = 0.32; p = .014) and verbal memory (r = 0.35; p = .007), whereas change in MPOD was correlated with change in both psychomotor speed (r = 0.38; p = .003), and processing speed (r = 0.35; p = .007). Change in serum lutein was found to be significantly correlated to change in verbal memory (r = 0.41; p < .001), composite memory (r = 0.31; p = .009), and sustained attention (r = 0.28; p = .036). Change in serum zeaxanthin isomers was significantly correlated with change in verbal memory (r = 0.33; p = .017). Lastly, change in AOC was significantly associated with verbal memory (r = 0.34; p = .021), composite memory (r = 0.29; p = .03), and sustained attention (r = 0.35; p = .016). No significant relational changes in any cognitive parameter were found for the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Six months of daily supplementation with at least 13 mg of MXans significantly reduces serum IL-1β, significantly increases serum MXans, BDNF, MPOD, and AOC, and improves several parameters of cognitive performance. Findings suggest that increased systemic antioxidant/anti-inflammatory capacity (and not necessarily deposition of the carotenoids in neural tissues), may explain many of the effects determined in this study. The significant relationship between change in BDNF and IL-1β over the course of the study suggests that regular consumption of MXans interrupts the inflammatory cascade that can lead to reduction of BDNF. Changes in MPOD and BDNF appear to account for enhancement in cognitive parameters that involve speed of processing and complex processing, respectively. ISRCTN Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN16156382.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Stringham
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program-Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - Philip V Holmes
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program-Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
| | - James M Stringham
- Visual Performance Laboratory, Duke Eye Center, Durham, NC 27705, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Edlinger C, Paar V, Tuscher T, Jirak P, Motloch LJ, Kammler J, Blessberger H, Kraus J, Hoppe UC, Steinwender C, Kypta A, Lichtenauer M. Potential mechanisms of endothelialisation in individuals implanted with a leadless pacemaker systems: An experimental in vitro study. J Electrocardiol 2019; 55:72-77. [PMID: 31146075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leadless pacemaker technology is a promising upcoming field in clinical rhythmology. Today, the most commonly used system in the clinical setting is the Micra™ leadless pacemaker system (Medtronic). In autopsies of patients who witnessed non-pacemaker associated death, unexpected ingrowth/encapsulation within the wall of the right ventricle was reported. The occurrence of a complete encapsulation was not expected and the process of endothelialisation remains unclear. We hypothesized, that a local inflammatory response might be the cause of these findings. The aim of our experimental in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of the Micra™ system and its single components on inflammatory processes. METHODS For this purpose, whole Micra™ pacemakers were incubated in heparin plasma from 25 healthy volunteers for 48 h at 37 °C. Furthermore, 1 g gold, steel, titanium, tungsten and nitinol wires were incubated in heparin plasma for 48 h at 37 °C as well (n = 10). To detect eventual inflammatory processes, interleukin- (IL) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), the chemokine IL-8 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analysed. RESULTS ELISA analyses showed that the whole Micra system leads to a significant increase in the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 which correlates with the data gained by the incubation of whole blood with the different wires. In particular, 0.5 g of tungsten showed a significant rise of IL-6 which could also be found for IL-1β and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro study of the Micra system showed that the material composition led to an onset of inflammatory processes in whole blood. Consequently, one may speculate that the composition of Micra pacemaker may have a local inflammatory, though subclinical, effects in patients implanted with a Micra™ pacemakers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Edlinger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria; Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Bernau/Berlin, Germany; Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane" Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Tuscher
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas J Motloch
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kammler
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Kraus
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Alexander Kypta
- 1st Medical Department - Cardiology, General Hospital Linz, Johannes Kepler University School of Medicine, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bester J, Matshailwe C, Pretorius E. Simultaneous presence of hypercoagulation and increased clot lysis time due to IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Cytokine 2018; 110:237-242. [PMID: 29396046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Circulating cytokines, and particularly the interleukin (IL)-family are known to play an important role in inflammation. These molecules circulate in the blood and therefore have a direct effect on the plasma molecules and the formed elements like the erythrocytes and platelets. Aberrant coagulation (hypercoagulation or blood clots that form too easily) and clot lyses (hypofibrinolysis, where clots do not dissolve properly, with an abnormally low rate of clot lysis time), are usually the hallmarks of many inflammatory conditions. However, the mechanism by which cross-linking augments clot stiffness remains undetermined. IL-1β; IL-6 and IL-8 has been found to be involved in most chronic and acute inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigate clot structure of healthy blood, with the addition of these 3 interleukins, to determine the individual effects at concentrations that mimic low-grade, chronic inflammation. Previous studies showed that clot rheological behavior is regulated by at least the following three factors, fibrinogen concentration, fibrin network architecture and FXIIIa-induced ligation. We investigated clot formation and lysis using thromboelastography (TEG), before and after exposure, and created clots by adding thrombin to whole blood. This allowed us to look at extensive fibrin fiber formation and their interactions with particularly the erythrocytes, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that IL-1β; IL-6 and IL-8 causes hypercoagulation and results in a disheveled fibrin clot, with trapped RBCs. IL-8 showed eryptosis (a type of apoptosis in erythrocytes). Our lysis results showed that both clot lysis time and maximum rate of lysis are decreased, with the addition of the interleukins. This is a novel finding and the observations reported in this paper, therefore points to the importance of looking at the effects of individual circulating inflammagens, to better understand the role that each play in the expression of disease. These methods can be used for an individualized patient-orientated approach in healthcare to track blood viscosity in conditions with acute and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0007, South Africa.
| | | | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 MATIELAND, 7602, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goldstein I, Paakinaho V, Baek S, Sung MH, Hager GL. Synergistic gene expression during the acute phase response is characterized by transcription factor assisted loading. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1849. [PMID: 29185442 PMCID: PMC5707366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokines interleukin 1β and 6 (IL-1β, IL-6) mediate the acute phase response (APR). In liver, they regulate the secretion of acute phase proteins. Using RNA-seq in primary hepatocytes, we show that these cytokines regulate transcription in a bifurcated manner, leading to both synergistic and antagonistic gene expression. By mapping changes in enhancer landscape and transcription factor occupancy (using ChIP-seq), we show that synergistic gene induction is achieved by assisted loading of STAT3 on chromatin by NF-κB. With IL-6 treatment alone, STAT3 does not efficiently bind 20% of its coordinated binding sites. In the presence of IL-1β, NF-κB is activated, binds a subset of enhancers and primes their activity, as evidenced by increasing H3K27ac. This facilitates STAT3 binding and synergistic gene expression. Our findings reveal an enhancer-specific crosstalk whereby NF-κB enables STAT3 binding at some enhancers while perturbing it at others. This model reconciles seemingly contradictory reports of NF-κB-STAT3 crosstalk. The cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 mediate the systemic acute phase response (APR). Here, the authors provide evidence that these cytokines lead to both synergistic and antagonistic gene expression during APR; synergistic induction occurs by assisted loading of STAT3 on chromatin by NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Goldstein
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Ville Paakinaho
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Songjoon Baek
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Myong-Hee Sung
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Unbalanced 3-factor design with repeated measures on 1 factor. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of manual treatment (MT) on cytokine and pain sensations in those with and without low back pain (LBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Evidence suggests that MT reduces LBP but by unknown mechanisms. Certain cytokines have been elevated in patients with LBP and may be affected by MT. METHODS Participants aged 20-60 years with chronic LBP or without LBP were recruited and randomly assigned to MT, sham ultrasound treatment, or no treatment groups. Venous blood samples were collected and pain levels assessed at baseline, 1 hour later, and 24 hours later. Blood was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein. Pain levels were measured by pressure pain threshold (PPT), mechanical detection threshold (MDT), dynamic mechanical allodynia, and self-report. RESULTS Forty (30 women, age 36±11 y) participants completed the study, 33 with LBP (13 MT, 13 sham ultrasound treatment, and 7 no treatment) and 7 without LBP. Participants with or without LBP could not be differentiated on the basis of serum cytokine levels, PPT, or MDT (P≥0.08). There were no significant differences between the groups at 1 hour or 24 hours on serum cytokines, PPT, or MDT (P≥0.07). There was a significant decrease from baseline in IL-6 for the no treatment (LBP) group (P=0.04), in C-reactive protein for the sham ultrasound treatment group (P=0.03), in MDT for all 3 LBP groups (P≤0.02), and in self-reported pain for the MT and sham ultrasound treatment groups (P=0.03 and 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported pain was reduced with MT and sham ultrasound treatment 24 hours after treatment, but inflammatory markers within venous circulation and quantitative sensory tests were unable to differentiate between study groups. Therefore, we were unable to characterize mechanisms underlying chronic LBP.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferucci ED, Choromanski TL, Varney DT, Ryan HS, Townshend-Bulson LJ, McMahon BJ, Wener MH. Prevalence and correlates of hepatitis C virus-associated inflammatory arthritis in a population-based cohort. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2017; 47:445-450. [PMID: 28532574 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-associated inflammatory arthritis, to describe its clinical and immunologic correlates, and to identify features that are characteristic of arthritis in chronic hepatitis C. METHODS Participants with chronic hepatitis C infection enrolled in a population-based cohort study in Alaska and who had not received anti-viral treatment for hepatitis C were recruited. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed joint symptoms and signs, performed autoantibody and cytokine testing, and abstracted medical records for features of hepatitis C and arthritis. RESULTS Of the 117 enrolled participants, 8 (6.8%) had hepatitis C-associated arthritis. The participants with arthritis were younger than those without (median age: 45 vs. 52, p = 0.02). Rheumatoid factor was commonly present among patients with hepatitis C-associated arthritis. The only studied autoantibody found more commonly in patients with HCV arthritis than those without arthritis was anti-nuclear antibody (63% vs. 23%, p = 0.026). The only joint symptom significantly more common in hepatitis C arthritis was self-reported joint swelling (75% vs. 26%, p = 0.007). Features of fibromyalgia were more common and functional status was worse in those with arthritis than those without. No cytokines differed in patients with and without arthritis. There were no associations of arthritis or autoantibodies with liver-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In this study of a cohort of individuals with chronic HCV infection, HCV-associated arthritis was present in less than 10%. Few serologic features distinguished participants with or without arthritis, but self-reported joint swelling was more common in those with arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Ferucci
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK.
| | - Tammy L Choromanski
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
| | - Danielle T Varney
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
| | - Holly S Ryan
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
| | - Lisa J Townshend-Bulson
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK
| | - Brian J McMahon
- Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Division of Community Health Services, Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, AK; Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Anchorage, AK
| | - Mark H Wener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alhetheel A, Albarrag A, Shakoor Z, Alswat K, Abdo A, Al-Hamoudi W, Alomar S. Increased Spontaneous Programmed Cell Death Is Associated with Impaired Cytokine Secretion in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Patients. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:283-287. [PMID: 28304236 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play a critical role in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV). PBMC defects have been linked with HCV infection; however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We hypothesized that PBMCs of HCV-infected patients are more susceptible to programmed cell death (PCD), and are therefore unable to clear HCV. We compared spontaneous PBMC PCD and cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1, -6, -8, -10, and -12] secretion between untreated (naive) HCV+ and treated [sustained responder (SR)] patients with HCV, and HCV- healthy controls. Spontaneous PBMC PCD was assessed by annexin-V fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, and cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead array. Differences between groups were analyzed through paired and nonpaired t tests and Mann-Whitney U test. The rate of spontaneous PCD was higher in PBMCs of naive HCV+ patients (p < 0.0001) and SR-HCV patients (p < 0.002) than in HCV- controls. Significantly low levels of IL-8, -6, and -10 were detected in the supernatant of cell cultures of PBMCs from naive HCV+ (p < 0.05) and SR-HCV (p < 0.05) patients relative to HCV- controls. There was no difference between the naive HCV+ and SR-HCV groups in terms of PBMC PCD rate or cytokine levels. The present findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with increased PBMC susceptibility to PCD and decreased production of IL-8, -6, and -10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,2 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alswat
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdo
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al-Hamoudi
- 1 King Khalid University Hospital , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,3 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Alomar
- 4 Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ragab G, Hussein MA. Vasculitic syndromes in hepatitis C virus: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:99-111. [PMID: 28149646 PMCID: PMC5272950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculitis is a remarkable presentation of the extrahepatic manifestations of HCV. According to the presence or absence of cryoglobulins it is subdivided into two main types: cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and non cryoglobulinemic vasculitis based on the attribution of vasculitis to serum cryoglobulins as a pathogenic factor. The attribution of cryoglobulinemia to HCV represents a success story in the history of immunology, microbiology, and clinical medicine. HCV can bind to and invade lymphocytes, consequently triggering an immune response through different mechanisms. The epidemiology of the disease is well described and the clinical picture describes cutaneous, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, neurological, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hepatic and cardiovascular manifestations. It may also be associated with sicca symptoms, an increased risk of lymphoma and serious catastrophic events. The pathology is well characterized. A classification criteria of the syndrome that was validated in 2014 is discussed. Management of CV is decided according to the presence and severity of its clinical presentation. It is divided into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and life threatening disease. Recently introduced direct antiviral agents are proving safe and effective in the management of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, and it is advocated that the two types of vasculitis be given prioritization in the Egyptian mass campaign to eradicate HCV.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
- APS, antiphospholipid syndrome
- BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage
- CAPS, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
- CRP, C reactive protein
- CTD, connective tissue disease
- Cryoglobulins
- DAA, direct acting antiviral drugs
- Direct acting anti-HCV drugs
- ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- Extrahepatic manifestations vasculitis
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HSP, Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Hepatitis C virus
- IFN α, interferon alpha
- IHD, ischemic heart disease
- MOH, minister of health
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NHL, non Hodgkin lymphoma
- PAN, polyarteritis nodosa
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PFT, pulmonary function test
- PN, peripheral neuropathy
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- TIAs, transient ischemic attacks
- TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaafar Ragab
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Charaterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharide isolated from Pleurotus eryngii. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Bester J, Pretorius E. Effects of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 on erythrocytes, platelets and clot viscoelasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32188. [PMID: 27561337 PMCID: PMC4999875 DOI: 10.1038/srep32188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions exist between cytokines, and the interleukin family plays a fundamental role in inflammation. Particularly circulating IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 are unregulated in systemic and chronic inflammatory conditions. Hypercoagulability is an important hallmark of inflammation, and these cytokines are critically involved in abnormal clot formation, erythrocyte pathology and platelet hyper-activation, and these three cytokines have known receptors on platelets. Although these cytokines are always unregulated in inflammation, we do not know how the individual cytokines act upon the structure of erythrocytes and platelets, and which of the viscoelastic clot parameters are changed. Here we study the effects of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 at low physiological levels, representative of chronic inflammation, by using scanning electron microscopy and thromboelastography. All three interleukins caused the viscoelastic properties to display an increased hypercoagulability of whole blood and pathology of both erythrocytes and platelets. The most pronounced changes were noted where all three cytokines caused platelet hyper-activation and spreading. Erythrocyte structure was notably affected in the presence of IL-8, where the morphological changes resembled that typically seen in eryptosis (programmed cell death). We suggest that erythrocytes and platelets are particularly sensitive to cytokine presence, and that they are excellent health indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bester
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsai PI, Lee ASY, Lee SS, Chung MH, Liu MW, Lee CK. Enhanced Signal and Quantitative Detection of Anti-Interferon-Gamma Antibody by Using a Nanometer Biolinker. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160031. [PMID: 27459633 PMCID: PMC4961412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For rapid screening and quantification of an antisera antibody, a nanometer bithiophene-based conductive biolinker can enhanced signal performance and can be used to verify the interaction of an anti-IFN-γ antibody with an IFN-γ protein. The experimental measurements take a generic approach which takes advantage of the functionality of thiophene-based linkers for biosensors. Effects associated with using bithiophene as a biolinker for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy are examined in this paper. By using an atomic force microscope (AFM), it was observed that the morphology of the bithiophene modified gold sensor surface became smoother than the original gold surface. We compared the response and concentration of the anti-IFN-γ antibody on a bithiophene-coated and dextran-coated biochip as well as on different thickness-modified surfaces under SPR relevant conditions. The results indicate that a response to IFN-γ molecules immobilized on a sensor using a bithiophene biolinker improved more than 8-fold when compared to that of a sensor using a dextran biolinker. Furthermore, the regeneration ability of the sensor surface shows good repeatability as only less than a 1% decrease was found after repeating the experimental work over 6 cycles. The characteristics provided us with a good platform for rapid screening, real-time monitoring and quantitative concentration of the autoimmune antibody activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-I Tsai
- Department of Engineering Science & Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Sheng Lee
- Department of Systems Engineering & Naval Architecture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chung
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Liu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lee
- Department of Engineering Science & Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raynaud Phenomenon With Severe Ulcers Associated With Cryoglobulins in an HIV+ but HCV Negative Patient. J Clin Rheumatol 2016; 22:335-7. [PMID: 27433994 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Griffith DM, Lewis S, Rossi AG, Rennie J, Salisbury L, Merriweather JL, Templeton K, Walsh TS. Systemic inflammation after critical illness: relationship with physical recovery and exploration of potential mechanisms. Thorax 2016; 71:820-9. [PMID: 27118812 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical recovery following critical illness is slow, often incomplete and is resistant to rehabilitation interventions. We aimed to explore the contribution of persisting inflammation to recovery, and investigated the potential role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in its pathogenesis. METHODS In an a priori nested inflammatory biomarker study in a post-intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation trial (RECOVER; ISRCTN09412438), surviving adult ICU patients ventilated >48 h were enrolled at ICU discharge and blood sampled at ICU discharge (n=184) and 3 month follow-up (N=123). C-reactive protein (CRP), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were measured. HCMV IgG status was determined (previous exposure), and DNA PCR measured among seropositive patients (lytic infection). Physical outcome measures including the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) were measured at 3 months. RESULTS Many patients had persisting inflammation at 3 months (CRP >3 mg/L in 59%; >10 mg/L in 28%), with proinflammatory phenotype (elevated HNE, IL-6, IL-8, SLPI; low TGFβ1). Poorer mobility (RMI) was associated with higher CRP (β=0.13; p<0.01) and HNE (β=0.32; p=0.03), even after adjustment for severity of acute illness and pre-existing co-morbidity (CRP β=0.14; p<0.01; HNE β=0.30; p=0.04). Patients seropositive for HCMV at ICU discharge (63%) had a more proinflammatory phenotype at 3 months than seronegative patients, despite undetectable HMCV by PCR testing. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation is prevalent after critical illness and is associated with poor physical recovery during the first 3 months post-ICU discharge. Previous HCMV exposure is associated with a proinflammatory phenotype despite the absence of detectable systemic viraemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN09412438, post results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Griffith
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Critical Care, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steff Lewis
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jillian Rennie
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa Salisbury
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Judith L Merriweather
- Department of Critical Care, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kate Templeton
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Timothy S Walsh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Department of Critical Care, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fard MT, Arulselvan P, Karthivashan G, Adam SK, Fakurazi S. Bioactive Extract from Moringa oleifera Inhibits the Pro-inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated Macrophages. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S556-63. [PMID: 27013794 PMCID: PMC4787088 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammation is a well-known physiological response to protect the body against infection and restore tissue injury. Nevertheless, the chronic inflammation can trigger various inflammatory associated diseases/disorder. Moringa oleifera is a widely grown plant in most tropical countries and it has been recognized traditionally for several medicinal benefits. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of M. oleifera extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - stimulated macrophages. Materials and Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extracts was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production during Griess reaction and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. Results: Interestingly, we found that M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extract significantly inhibited the secretion of NO production and other inflammatory markers such as prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Meanwhile, the bioactive extract has induced the production of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, M. oleifera hydroethanolic bioactive leaves extract effectively suppressed the protein expression of inflammatory markers inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells p65 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These findings support the traditional use of M. oleifera plant as an effective treatment for inflammation associated diseases/disorders. SUMMARY Hydroethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera effectively inhibit the NO production in LPS induced inflammatory model. M. oleifera crude extracts successfully modulate the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated macrophages. M. oleifera extracts suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Tangestani Fard
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Cytokines are intercellular mediators involved in viral control and liver damage being induced by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases-mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes-are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-α may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and revert this process. Theoretically agents that selectively neutralize CXCL10 could increase patient responsiveness to traditional IFN-based HCV therapy. Several studies have reported IL-28B polymorphisms and circulating CXCL10 may be a prognostic markers for HCV treatment efficacy in HCV genotype 1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sysoev KA, Chukhlovin AV, Shakhmanov DM, Zhdanov KV, Totolian AA. CYTOKINES AND CHEMOKINES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-2013-1-49-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
21
|
Yang DH, Ho LJ, Lai JH. Useful biomarkers for assessment of hepatitis C virus infection-associated autoimmune disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2962-2970. [PMID: 24659887 PMCID: PMC3961981 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, various extrahepatic manifestations of autoimmune disorders may occur, including arthralgia/arthritis, sicca complex, purpura, cutaneous ulcer, and thyroid dysfunction. In addition, the prevalence of circulating autoantibodies is high among patients with HCV infection. Commonly detected autoantibodies in HCV-infected patients include rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibody, cryoglobulin, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-liver and anti-thyroid autoantibodies. These autoantibodies may be associated with underlying autoimmune disorders or liver inflammation in HCV infection. A possible reason for antibody production is overactivation and proliferation of B lymphocytes, via the interaction with the surface protein of HCV. Because immunotherapy can cause HCV flare-up or liver damage, overdiagnosis of HCV-related autoimmune symptoms as primary autoimmune disorders should be avoided. This review describes biomarkers that are useful in clinically evaluating autoimmune manifestations and disorders associated with HCV infection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaly L, Rosner I. Tocilizumab - a novel therapy for non-organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 26:157-65. [PMID: 22424201 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, tocilizumab, an anti interleukin-6 agent, has been successfully developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In addition to countering inflammation, tocilizumab is also known affect B cell as well as T cell function, thus modulating immune function, and impact osteoclasts, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor. As such, its efficacy is currently being explored in a large number of autoiommune conditions including a number of vasculitides, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, polymyositis, graft versus host disease, relapsing polychondritis, as well as Behcet's syndrome, spondyloarthropathies, and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kaly
- Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Corrado A, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Miccoli M, Zignego AL, Sansonno D, Marchi S, Ferri C. Parallel increase of circulating CXCL11 and CXCL10 in mixed cryoglobulinemia, while the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is associated with high serum Th2 chemokine CCL2. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 32:1147-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
24
|
Liao CH, Lin JY. Purification, partial characterization and anti-inflammatory characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharides. Food Chem 2012; 135:1818-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
Inflammation is a common element in the pathogenesis of most chronic liver diseases that lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inflammation is characterized by activation of innate immune cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNFα. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes expressed in both parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of the liver that in response to cellular danger signals activate caspase-1, and release IL-1β and IL-18. The importance of inflammasome activation in various forms of liver diseases in relation to liver damage, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Cytokines are intercellular mediators involved in viral control and liver damage being induced by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The complex cytokine network operating during initial infection allows a coordinated, effective development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, HCV interferes with cytokines at various levels and escapes immune response by inducing a T-helper (Th)2/T cytotoxic 2 cytokine profile. Inability to control infection leads to the recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates into the liver parenchyma by interferon (IFN)-gamma-inducible CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)-9, -10, and -11 chemokines, which results in sustained liver damage and eventually in liver cirrhosis. The most important systemic HCV-related extrahepatic diseases--mixed cryoglobulinemia, lymphoproliferative disorders, thyroid autoimmune disorders, and type 2 diabetes--are associated with a complex dysregulation of the cytokine/chemokine network, involving proinflammatory and Th1 chemokines. The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-alpha may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and reverts this process.
Collapse
|
27
|
Weinstock LB, Walters AS, Paueksakon P. Restless legs syndrome--theoretical roles of inflammatory and immune mechanisms. Sleep Med Rev 2012; 16:341-54. [PMID: 22258033 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Theories for restless legs syndrome (RLS) pathogenesis include iron deficiency, dopamine dysregulation and peripheral neuropathy. Increased prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in controlled studies in RLS and case reports of post-infectious RLS suggest potential roles for inflammation and immunological alterations. A literature search for all conditions associated with RLS was performed. These included secondary RLS disorders and factors that may exacerbate RLS. All of these conditions were reviewed with respect to potential pathogenesis including reports of iron deficiency, neuropathy, SIBO, inflammation and immune changes. A condition was defined as highly-associated if there was a prevalence study that utilized an appropriate control group. Small case reports were recorded but not included as definite RLS-associated conditions. Fifty four diseases, syndromes and conditions have been reported to cause and/or exacerbate RLS. Of these, 38 have been reported to have a higher prevalence than age-matched controls, 9 have adequate sized reports and have general acceptance as RLS-associated conditions and 7 have been reported in case report form. Overall, 42 of the 47 RLS-associated conditions (89%) have also been associated with inflammatory and/or immune changes. In addition, 43% have been associated with peripheral iron deficiency, 40% with peripheral neuropathy and 32% with SIBO. Most of the remaining conditions have yet to be studied for these factors. The fact that 95% of the 38 highly-associated RLS conditions are also associated with inflammatory/immune changes suggests the possibility that RLS may be mediated or affected through these mechanisms. Inflammation can be responsible for iron deficiency and hypothetically could cause central nervous system iron deficiency-induced RLS. Alternatively, an immune reaction to gastrointestinal bacteria or other antigens may hypothetically cause RLS by a direct immunological attack on the central or peripheral nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard B Weinstock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abou-Zeid AA, El-Sayegh HK. Toll-like receptor 3 gene expression in Egyptian patients with glomerulonephritis and hepatitis C virus infection. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 71:456-61. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2011.585660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
29
|
Characterisation of the chemical composition and in vitro anti-inflammation assessment of a novel lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharide. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 (also known as IL-17A) is produced by activated T cells. It is a marker cytokine of the T(H₁₇) lineage. IL-17 production is induced in infections, autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory events. IL-17 is involved in host defense, but also inflammatory tissue destruction. Vascular disease, mostly in the chronic form of atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of death. While normal vessels harbor only few leukocytes, large numbers of both innate and adaptive immune cells accumulate during vascular inflammation, both in chronic forms such as atherosclerosis and in acute vasculitis. IL-17 has a role in chronic vascular inflammation of atherosclerosis and possibly hypertensive vascular changes. In acute inflammation, IL-17 is elevated and may be causally involved in the autoimmune vasculitides including vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematodes. Blood vessels are important targets in alloimmune graft rejection and a number of studies provide data on a role of IL-17 in this context. This brief review summarizes the currently available evidence for and putative mechanisms of action of IL-17 in mouse models of and human vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|