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Stegen S, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:399-413. [PMID: 38499689 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Bone development and bone remodelling during adult life are highly anabolic processes requiring an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients. Bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts interact closely to preserve bone mass and architecture and are often located close to blood vessels. Chondrocytes within the developing growth plate ensure that bone lengthening occurs before puberty, but these cells function in an avascular environment. With ageing, numerous bone marrow adipocytes appear, often with negative effects on bone properties. Many studies have now indicated that skeletal cells have specific metabolic profiles that correspond to the nutritional microenvironment and their stage-specific functions. These metabolic networks provide not only skeletal cells with sufficient energy, but also biosynthetic intermediates that are necessary for proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Moreover, these metabolic pathways control redox homeostasis to avoid oxidative stress and safeguard cell survival. Finally, several intracellular metabolites regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes and thus control the fate and function of skeletal cells. The metabolic profile of skeletal cells therefore not only reflects their cellular state, but can also drive cellular activity. Insight into skeletal cell metabolism will thus not only advance our understanding of skeletal development and homeostasis, but also of skeletal disorders, such as osteoarthritis, diabetic bone disease and bone malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stegen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Wei G, Lu K, Umar M, Zhu Z, Lu WW, Speakman JR, Chen Y, Tong L, Chen D. Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms. Bone Res 2023; 11:63. [PMID: 38052778 PMCID: PMC10698167 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging has traditionally been viewed as the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association between metabolic abnormalities and OA, particularly in younger individuals. Metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type II diabetes, are strongly linked to OA, and they affect both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints, thus suggesting that the pathogenesis of OA is more complicated than the mechanical stress induced by overweight. This review aims to explore the recent advances in research on the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and OA risk, including the impact of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, the potential pathogenesis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizheng Wei
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - William W Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Hui Mingalone CK, Nehme CR, Chen Y, Liu J, Longo BN, Garvey KD, Covello SM, Nielsen HC, James T, Messner WC, Zeng L. A novel whole "Joint-in-Motion" device reveals a permissive effect of high glucose levels and mechanical stress on joint destruction. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:493-506. [PMID: 36379392 PMCID: PMC10033281 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been suggested to be associated with diabetes. However, this association often disappears when accounting for body mass index (BMI), suggesting that mechanical stress may be a confounding factor. We investigated the combined influence of glucose level and loading stress on OA progression using a novel whole joint-in-motion (JM) culture system. DESIGN Whole mouse knee joints were placed in an enclosed chamber with culture media and actuated to recapitulate leg movement, with a dynamic stress regimen of 0.5 Hz, 8 h/day for 7 days. These joints were treated with varying levels of glucose and controlled for osmolarity and diffusion. Joint movement and joint space were examined by X-ray fluoroscopy and microCT. Cartilage matrix levels were quantified by blinded Mankin scoring and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Culturing in the JM device facilitated proper leg extension and flexion movements, and adequate mass transport for analyzing the effect of glucose on cartilage. Treatment with higher levels of glucose either via media supplementation or intra-articular injection caused a significant decrease in levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and an increase in aggrecan neoepitope in articular cartilage, but only under dynamic stress. Additionally, collagen II level was slightly reduced by high glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS High levels of glucose and dynamic stress have permissive effects on articular cartilage GAG loss and aggrecan degradation, implicating that mechanical stress confounds the association of diabetes with OA. The JM device supports novel investigation of mechanical stress on the integrity of an intact living mouse joint to provide insights into OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Hui Mingalone
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - C R Nehme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - B N Longo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - K D Garvey
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - S M Covello
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - H C Nielsen
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - T James
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - W C Messner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - L Zeng
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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4
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Zhu S, Donovan EL, Makosa D, Mehta-D'souza P, Jopkiewicz A, Batushansky A, Cortassa D, Simmons AD, Lopes EBP, Kinter M, Griffin TM. Sirt3 Promotes Chondrogenesis, Chondrocyte Mitochondrial Respiration and the Development of High-Fat Diet-Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:2531-2547. [PMID: 36214465 PMCID: PMC10091721 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how obesity-induced metabolic stress contributes to synovial joint tissue damage is difficult because of the complex role of metabolism in joint development, maintenance, and repair. Chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) pathology, which motivated us to study the mitochondrial deacetylase enzyme sirtuin 3 (Sirt3). We hypothesized that combining high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and cartilage Sirt3 loss at a young age would impair chondrocyte mitochondrial function, leading to cellular stress and accelerated OA. Instead, we unexpectedly found that depleting cartilage Sirt3 at 5 weeks of age using Sirt3-flox and Acan-CreERT2 mice protected against the development of cartilage degeneration and synovial hyperplasia following 20 weeks of HFD. This protection was associated with increased cartilage glycolysis proteins and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism proteins. Seahorse-based assays supported a mitochondrial-to-glycolytic shift in chondrocyte metabolism with Sirt3 deletion. Additional studies with primary murine juvenile chondrocytes under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions showed an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) target genes with Sirt3 deletion. However, Sirt3 deletion impaired chondrogenesis using a murine bone marrow stem/stromal cell pellet model, suggesting a context-dependent role of Sirt3 in cartilage homeostasis. Overall, our data indicate that Sirt3 coordinates HFD-induced changes in mature chondrocyte metabolism that promote OA. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouan Zhu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Elise L Donovan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dawid Makosa
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Padmaja Mehta-D'souza
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anita Jopkiewicz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dominic Cortassa
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Aaron D Simmons
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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5
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Yan CH, Zhang W. Adipokine Signaling Pathways in Osteoarthritis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865370. [PMID: 35519618 PMCID: PMC9062110 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease that affects millions of individuals. The pathogenesis of OA has not been fully elucidated. Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for OA. Multiple studies have demonstrated adipokines play a key role in obesity-induced OA. Increasing evidence show that various adipokines may significantly affect the development or clinical course of OA by regulating the pro/anti-inflammatory and anabolic/catabolic balance, matrix remodeling, chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and subchondral bone sclerosis. Several signaling pathways are involved but still have not been systematically investigated. In this article, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipokines in OA, and highlight the possible signaling pathways. The review suggested adipokines play important roles in obesity-induced OA, and exert downstream function via the activation of various signaling pathways. In addition, some pharmaceuticals targeting these pathways have been applied into ongoing clinical trials and showed encouraging results. However, these signaling pathways are complex and converge into a common network with each other. In the future work, more research is warranted to further investigate how this network works. Moreover, more high quality randomised controlled trials are needed in order to investigate the therapeutic effects of pharmaceuticals against these pathways for the treatment of OA. This review may help researchers to better understand the pathogenesis of OA, so as to provide new insight for future clinical practices and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chun Hoi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Hoi Yan, ; Wenming Zhang,
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Hoi Yan, ; Wenming Zhang,
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6
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Batushansky A, Zhu S, Komaravolu RK, South S, Mehta-D'souza P, Griffin TM. Fundamentals of OA. An initiative of Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. Obesity and metabolic factors in OA. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:501-515. [PMID: 34537381 PMCID: PMC8926936 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity was once considered a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) primarily for biomechanical reasons. Here we provide an additional perspective by discussing how obesity also increases OA risk by altering metabolism and inflammation. DESIGN This narrative review is presented in four sections: 1) metabolic syndrome and OA, 2) metabolic biomarkers of OA, 3) evidence for dysregulated chondrocyte metabolism in OA, and 4) metabolic inflammation: joint tissue mediators and mechanisms. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome and its components are strongly associated with OA. However, evidence for a causal relationship is context dependent, varying by joint, gender, diagnostic criteria, and demographics, with additional environmental and genetic interactions yet to be fully defined. Importantly, some aspects of the etiology of obesity-induced OA appear to be distinct between men and women, especially regarding the role of adipose tissue. Metabolomic analyses of serum and synovial fluid have identified potential diagnostic biomarkers of knee OA and prognostic biomarkers of disease progression. Connecting these biomarkers to cellular pathophysiology will require future in vivo studies of joint tissue metabolism. Such studies will help reveal when a metabolic process or a metabolite itself is a causal factor in disease progression. Current evidence points towards impaired chondrocyte metabolic homeostasis and metabolic-immune dysregulation as likely factors connecting obesity to the increased risk of OA. CONCLUSIONS A deeper understanding of how obesity alters metabolic and inflammatory pathways in synovial joint tissues is expected to provide new therapeutic targets and an improved definition of "metabolic" and "obesity" OA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - R K Komaravolu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - S South
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - P Mehta-D'souza
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - T M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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7
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Janus Kinase Inhibitors Improve Disease Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 24,135 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031246. [PMID: 35163173 PMCID: PMC8836107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, fatigue, and physical activity are major determinants of life quality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as effective medications in RA and have been reported to exert direct analgesic effect in addition to reducing joint inflammation. This analysis aims to give an extensive summary of JAK inhibitors especially focusing on pain and patient reported outcomes (PRO). MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched on the 26 October 2020, and 50 randomized controlled trials including 24,135 adult patients with active RA met the inclusion criteria. JAK inhibitors yielded significantly better results in all 36 outcomes compared to placebo. JAK monotherapy proved to be more effective than methotrexate in 9 out of 11 efficacy outcomes. In comparison to biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, JAK inhibitors show statistical superiority in 13 of the 19 efficacy outcomes. Analgesic effect determined using the visual analogue scale and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 20/50/70 response rates was significantly greater in the JAK group in all comparisons, and no significant difference regarding safety could be explored. This meta-analysis gives a comprehensive overview of JAK inhibitors and provides evidence for their superiority in improving PROs and disease activity indices in RA.
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8
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Zhang L, Kirkwood CL, Sohn J, Lau A, Bayers-Thering M, Bali SK, Rachala S, Marzo JM, Anders MJ, Beier F, Kirkwood KL. Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells contributes to metabolic osteoarthritis through subchondral bone remodeling. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:287. [PMID: 34784965 PMCID: PMC8594239 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02663-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) subsequent to acute joint injury accounts for a significant proportion of all arthropathies. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells classically known for potent immune-suppressive activity; however, MDSCs can also differentiate into osteoclasts. In addition, this population is known to be expanded during metabolic disease. The objective of this study was to determine the role of MDSCs in the context of OA pathophysiology. METHODS In this study, we examined the differentiation and functional capacity of MDSCs to become osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo using mouse models of OA and in MDSC quantitation in humans with OA pathology relative to obesity status. RESULTS We observed that MDSCs are expanded in mice and humans during obesity. MDSCs were expanded in peripheral blood of OA subjects relative to body mass index and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). In mice, monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) was expanded in diet-induced obesity (DIO) with a further expansion after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce post-traumatic OA (PTOA) (compared to sham-operated controls). M-MDSCs from DIO mice had a greater capacity to form osteoclasts in culture with increased subchondral bone osteoclast number. In humans, we observed an expansion of M-MDSCs in peripheral blood and synovial fluid of obese subjects compared to lean subjects with OA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MDSCs are reprogrammed in metabolic disease, with the potential to contribute towards OA progression and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Cameron L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | - Jiho Sohn
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Lau
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA
| | | | - Supinder Kour Bali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sridhar Rachala
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John M Marzo
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Anders
- Department of Orthopaedics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 645 Biomedical Research Building, 3435 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8006, USA. .,Department of Head and Neck/Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Jiang X, Zhong R, Dai W, Huang H, Yu Q, Zhang JA, Cai Y. Exploring Diagnostic Biomarkers and Comorbid Pathogenesis for Osteoarthritis and Metabolic Syndrome via Bioinformatics Approach. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6201-6213. [PMID: 34616175 PMCID: PMC8487858 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s325561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) has grown in recognition to contribute to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most prevalent arthritis characterized by joint dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism between OA and MS remains unclear. METHODS The gene expression profiles and clinical information data of OA and MS were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The genes in the key module of MS were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), which intersected with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and MS samples to obtain hub genes for MS. The potential functions and pathways of hub genes were detected through the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) analyses. The genes involved in the different KEGG pathways between the control and OA samples overlapped with the DEGs between the two groups via the Venn analysis to gain the hub genes for OA affected by MS (MOHGs). Additionally, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed on the MOHGs to establish a diagnostic model for each disease. RESULTS A total of 61 hub genes for MS were identified that significantly enriched in platelet activation, complement and coagulation cascades, and hematopoietic cell lineage. Besides, 4 candidate genes (ELOVL7, F2RL3, GP9, and ITGA2B) were screened among the 6 MOHGs to construct a diagnostic model, showing good performance for distinguishing controls from patients with MS and OA. GSEA suggested that these diagnostic genes were closely associated with immune response, adipocytokine signaling, fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle, and platelet activation. CONCLUSION Taken together, we identified 4 potential gene biomarkers for diagnosing MS and OA patients, providing a theoretical basis and reference for the diagnostics and treatment targets of MS and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongzhou Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifan Dai
- Department of Digital Hub, Decathlon International, Shanghai, 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinyuan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiji Alexander Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Yanrong Cai
- Department of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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10
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Moon PM, Shao ZY, Wambiekele G, Appleton CTG, Laird DW, Penuela S, Beier F. Global Deletion of Pannexin 3 Resulting in Accelerated Development of Aging-Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1178-1188. [PMID: 33426805 DOI: 10.1002/art.41651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) results in pathologic changes in the joint tissue. The mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unclear, and thus disease-modifying treatments are lacking. Pannexin 3 (Panx3) was identified as a potential mediator of cartilage degeneration in OA, and our previous study in mice indicated that deletion of the Panx3 gene delayed surgically induced cartilage degeneration. This study was undertaken to examine the role of Panx3 in other OA subtypes, particularly primary OA during aging, in a mouse model of aging-induced OA. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Panx3-/- C57BL/6J (Black-6) mice, ages 18-24 months, were analyzed by micro-computed tomography to investigate bone mineral density and body composition. Joints were harvested from the mice, and histopathologic analysis of the joint tissue for OA development was conducted with a specific focus on changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial tissue. RESULTS Global loss of Panx3 in aging mice was not associated with increased mortality or changes in body composition. Mice lacking Panx3 had shorter appendicular skeletons than WT mice, but overall the body compositions appeared quite similar. Panx3 deletion dramatically accelerated cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone thickening with aging in both 18-month-old and 24-month-old mice, while promoting synovitis in 18-month-old mice. CONCLUSION These observations in a mouse model of OA suggest that Panx3 has a protective role against the development of primary aging-associated OA. It appears that Panx3 has opposing context-specific roles in joint health following traumatic injury versus that associated with aging. These data strongly suggest that there are differences in the molecular pathways driving different subtypes of OA, and therefore a detailed understanding of these pathways could directly improve strategies for OA diagnosis, therapy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Moon
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Y Shao
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Wambiekele
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - D W Laird
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Penuela
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Beier
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Mei X, Villamagna IJ, Nguyen T, Beier F, Appleton CT, Gillies ER. Polymer particles for the intra-articular delivery of drugs to treat osteoarthritis. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33711838 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abee62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic disability. It is a progressive disease, involving pathological changes to the entire joint, resulting in joint pain, stiffness, swelling, and loss of mobility. There is currently no disease-modifying pharmaceutical treatment for OA, and the treatments that do exist suffer from significant side effects. An increasing understanding of the molecular pathways involved in OA is leading to many potential drug targets. However, both current and new therapies can benefit from a targeted approach that delivers drugs selectively to joints at therapeutic concentrations, while limiting systemic exposure to the drugs. Delivery systems including hydrogels, liposomes, and various types of particles have been explored for intra-articular drug delivery. This review will describe progress over the past several years in the development of polymer-based particles for OA treatment, as well as their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evaluation. Systems based on biopolymers such as polysaccharides and polypeptides, as well as synthetic polyesters, poly(ester amide)s, thermoresponsive polymers, poly(vinyl alcohol), amphiphilic polymers, and dendrimers will be described. We will discuss the role of particle size, biodegradability, and mechanical properties in the behavior of the particles in the joint, and the challenges to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Ian J Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, CANADA
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 3B7, CANADA
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, CANADA
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12
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van Gastel N, Carmeliet G. Metabolic regulation of skeletal cell fate and function in physiology and disease. Nat Metab 2021; 3:11-20. [PMID: 33398192 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is diverse in its functions, which include mechanical support, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage and endocrine regulation. This multifaceted role is achieved through an interplay of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells, all generated from skeletal stem cells. Emerging evidence shows the importance of cellular metabolism in the molecular control of the skeletal system. The different skeletal cell types not only have distinct metabolic demands relating to their particular functions but also are affected by microenvironmental constraints. Specific metabolites control skeletal stem cell maintenance, direct lineage allocation and mediate cellular communication. Here, we discuss recent findings on the roles of cellular metabolism in determining skeletal stem cell fate, coordinating osteoblast and chondrocyte function, and organizing stromal support of haematopoiesis. We also consider metabolic dysregulation in skeletal ageing and degenerative diseases, and provide an outlook on how the field may evolve in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Gastel
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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PPARD May Play a Protective Role against the Development of Schizophrenia. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:3480412. [PMID: 32831816 PMCID: PMC7428834 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3480412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PPARD has been suggested to contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) with the underlying mechanisms largely unknown. Here, we first collected and analyzed the PPARD expression profile from three groups: (1) 18 healthy control (HC) subjects, (2) 14 clinical high-risk (CHR) patients, and (3) 19 early onset of SCZ (EOS) patients. After that, we conducted a systematical pathway analysis to explore the potential mechanisms involved in PPARD exerting influence on the pathological development of SCZ. Compared to the HC group, the expression of PPARD was slightly decreased in the EOS group (LFC = −0.34; p = 0.23) and increased in the CHR group (LFC = 0.65; p = 0.20). However, there was a significant difference between the EOS group and the CHR group (LFC = −0.99; p = 0.015), reflecting the amount of variation in PPARD expression before and after the onset of SCZ. Pathway analysis suggested that overexpression of PPARD may regulate ten proteins or molecules to inhibit the pathological development of SCZ, including the deactivation of eight SCZ promoters and stimulation of two SCZ inhibitors. Our results support the association between PPARD and SCZ. The pathways identified may help in the understanding of the potential mechanisms by which PPARD contributes to the etiology of SCZ.
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14
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Bellini M, Pest MA, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Qin L, Jeong JW, Beier F. Overexpression of MIG-6 in the cartilage induces an osteoarthritis-like phenotype in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:119. [PMID: 32430054 PMCID: PMC7236969 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of the articular cartilage, and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in the cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. METHODS Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6-overexpressing (Mig-6over/over) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining, and semi-quantitative histopathological scoring (OARSI) at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density. RESULTS Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in the articular cartilage, although Mig-6over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6over/over mice was decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 appeared increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6over/over mice. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Mig-6 in the articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however, these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways are critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Bellini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manuela Miranda-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Western University Bone and Joint Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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15
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Villamagna IJ, McRae DM, Borecki A, Mei X, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Beier F, Gillies ER. GSK3787-Loaded Poly(Ester Amide) Particles for Intra-Articular Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E736. [PMID: 32224867 PMCID: PMC7240550 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disorder affecting more than 240 million people. There is no disease modifying therapeutic, and drugs that are used to alleviate OA symptoms result in side effects. Recent research indicates that inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in cartilage may attenuate the development or progression of OA. PPARδ antagonists such as GSK3787 exist, but would benefit from delivery to joints to avoid side effects. Described here is the loading of GSK3787 into poly(ester amide) (PEA) particles. The particles contained 8 wt.% drug and had mean diameters of about 600 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the drug was in crystalline domains in the particles. Atomic force microscopy was used to measure the Young's moduli of individual particles as 2.8 MPa. In vitro drug release studies showed 11% GSK3787 was released over 30 days. Studies in immature murine articular cartilage (IMAC) cells indicated low toxicity from the drug, empty particles, and drug-loaded particles and that the particles were not taken up by the cells. Ex vivo studies on murine joints showed that the particles could be injected into the joint space and resided there for at least 7 days. Overall, these results indicate that GSK3787-loaded PEA particles warrant further investigation as a delivery system for potential OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Villamagna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
| | - Danielle M. McRae
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Aneta Borecki
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Xueli Mei
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
| | - Frank Beier
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3B7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada;
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; (F.L.-L.); (F.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; (D.M.M.); (A.B.); (X.M.)
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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16
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Liver X Receptor activation regulates genes involved in lipid homeostasis in developing chondrocytes. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Lipid availability determines fate of skeletal progenitor cells via SOX9. Nature 2020; 579:111-117. [PMID: 32103177 PMCID: PMC7060079 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The avascular nature of cartilage makes it a unique tissue1–4, but whether and how the absence of nutrient supply regulates chondrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we show that obstruction of vascular invasion during bone healing favours chondrogenic over osteogenic differentiation of skeletal progenitor cells. Unexpectedly, this process is driven by a decreased availability of extracellular lipids. When lipids are scarce, skeletal progenitors activate FoxO transcription factors, which bind to the Sox9 promoter and increase its expression. Besides initiating chondrogenesis, SOX9 acts as a regulator of cellular metabolism by suppressing fatty acid oxidation, and thus adapts the cells to an avascular life. Our results define lipid scarcity as an important determinant of chondrogenic commitment, reveal a role for FoxOs during lipid starvation, and identify SOX9 as a critical metabolic mediator. These data highlight the importance of the nutritional microenvironment in the specification of skeletal cell fate.
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18
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Wang K, Li Y, Dai Y, Han L, Zhu Y, Xue C, Wang P, Wang J. Peptides from Antarctic Krill ( Euphausia superba) Improve Osteoarthritis via Inhibiting HIF-2α-Mediated Death Receptor Apoptosis and Metabolism Regulation in Osteoarthritic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3125-3133. [PMID: 30798606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent debilitating disease which is predominantly characterized by cartilage degeneration. In the current study, destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model was used to investigate the effects of Antarctic krill peptides (AKP) on cartilage protection. As observed, AKP clearly ameliorate cartilage degeneration as evidenced by increased cartilage thickness and cartilage area and decreased histological Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores. Toluidine blue staining showed that AKO remarkably inhibited the loss of cartilage matrix in mice with OA. Hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) has a key role in catabolic regulation and inflammation cascades which are the main causes of OA. AKP can down-regulate the expression of HIF-2α and its downstream genes such as MMP-13, Adamts-5, IL-1β, iNOS, CXCL-1, and NOS2. Consistent with this, anabolic genes such as Acan and Col2α1 were restored after treatment with AKP. Chondrocyte apoptosis and the reduction in cartilage cell viability are also involved in the process of OA. The HIF-2α-mediated death receptor apoptosis signaling pathway has been involved in the regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis. AKP can reduce the expressions of key pro-apoptosis genes in Fas-FasL and DR3-DR3L signaling pathways such as Fas, FasL, FADD, caspase8, caspase3, DR3, DR3L, RIP, and NF-κB. In addition, expressions of antiapoptosis genes such as c-AIP and c-FLIP were increased significantly. These findings indicate that AKP can be used as a new functional factor in the development of functional foods and chondroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Lihau Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , Shandong Province 266003 , China
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19
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Harasymowicz NS, Dicks A, Wu CL, Guilak F. Physiologic and pathologic effects of dietary free fatty acids on cells of the joint. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1440:36-53. [PMID: 30648276 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are potent organic compounds that not only can be used as an energy source during nutrient deprivation but are also involved in several essential signaling cascades in cells. Therefore, a balanced intake of different dietary FAs is critical for the maintenance of cellular functions and tissue homeostasis. A diet with an imbalanced fat composition creates a risk for developing metabolic syndrome and various musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge and mechanistic insights regarding the role of dietary FAs, such as saturated FAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and omega-3 PUFAs on joint inflammation and OA pathogeneses. In particular, we review how different types of dietary FAs and their derivatives distinctly affect a variety of cells within the joint, including chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and synoviocytes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of FAs on metabolic behavior, anabolic, and catabolic processes, as well as the inflammatory response of joint cells, may help identify therapeutic targets for the prevention of metabolic joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Harasymowicz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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20
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Abstract
The increase in global lifespan has in turn increased the prevalence of osteoarthritis which is now the most common type of arthritis. Cartilage tissue located on articular joints erodes during osteoarthritis which causes pain and may lead to a crippling loss of function in patients. The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis has been understudied and currently no disease modifying treatments exist. The only current end-point treatment remains joint replacement surgery. The primary risk factor for osteoarthritis is age. Clinical and basic research is now focused on understanding the ageing process of cartilage and its role in osteoarthritis. This chapter will outline the physiology of cartilage tissue, the clinical presentation and treatment options for the disease and the cellular ageing processes which are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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21
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Chou YJ, Chuu JJ, Peng YJ, Cheng YH, Chang CH, Chang CM, Liu HW. The potent anti-inflammatory effect of Guilu Erxian Glue extracts remedy joint pain and ameliorate the progression of osteoarthritis in mice. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:259. [PMID: 30340603 PMCID: PMC6194592 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slow progressing, degenerative disorder of the synovial joints. Guilu Erxian Glue (GEG) is a multi-component Chinese herbal remedy with long-lasting favorable effects on several conditions, including articular pain and muscle strength in elderly men with knee osteoarthritis. The present study aimed to identify the effects of Guilu Erxian Paste (GE-P) and Liquid (GE-L) extracted from Guilu Erxian Glue in anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced osteoarthritis mice, and to compare the effectiveness of different preparations on knee cartilage degeneration during the progression of osteoarthritis. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection to induce mechanically destabilized osteoarthritis in the right knee. 4 weeks later, the mice were orally treated with PBS, celecoxib (10 mg/kg/day), Guilu Erxian Paste (100 or 300 mg/kg/day), and Guilu Erxian Liquid (100 or 300 mg/kg/day) for 28 consecutive days. Von Frey and open-field tests (OFT) were used to evaluate pain behaviors (mechanical hypersensitivity and locomotor performance). Narrowing of the joint space and osteophyte formation were examined radiographically. Inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) levels in the articular cartilage were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Histopathological examinations were conducted to evaluate the severity and extent of the cartilage lesions. RESULTS Guilu Erxian Paste and Guilu Erxian Liquid (300 mg/kg/day) were significantly more effective (p < 0.01) than celecoxib (10 mg/kg/day) in decreasing secondary allodynia when compared to the saline-treated group (#p < 0.05). Open-field tests revealed no significant motor dysfunction between the Guilu Erxian Paste- and Guilu Erxian Liquid-treated mice compared to the saline-treated mice. Radiographic findings also confirmed that the administration of Guilu Erxian Paste and Guilu Erxian Liquid (100 and 300 mg/kg/day) significantly and dose-dependently reduced osteolytic lesions and bone spur formation in the anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced osteoarthritis mice when compared to the saline-treated group. Notably, Guilu Erxian Liquid (100 mg/kg/day) treatment significantly reduced the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as relative the protein expression of IL-1β and TNF-α to the effect of celecoxib. Guilu Erxian Paste and Guilu Erxian Liquid (300 mg/kg/day) markedly attenuated cartilage destruction, surface unevenness, proteoglycan loss, chondrocyte degeneration, and cartilage erosion in the superficial layers (##p < 0.01 and ###p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS As expected, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of Guilu Erxian Liquid (GE-L), following marked decrease on both IL-1β and TNF-α during the early course of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis (OA), may be of potential value in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jung Chou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Peng
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Chang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237 Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, 237 Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
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22
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Donovan EL, Lopes EBP, Batushansky A, Kinter M, Griffin TM. Independent effects of dietary fat and sucrose content on chondrocyte metabolism and osteoarthritis pathology in mice. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.034827. [PMID: 30018076 PMCID: PMC6176996 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most significant risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. However, therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat obesity-associated osteoarthritis are limited because of uncertainty about the etiology of disease, particularly with regard to metabolic factors. High-fat-diet-induced obese mice have become a widely used model for testing hypotheses about how obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis, but progress has been limited by variation in disease severity, with some reports concluding that dietary treatment alone is insufficient to induce osteoarthritis in mice. We hypothesized that increased sucrose content of typical low-fat control diets contributes to osteoarthritis pathology and thus alters outcomes when evaluating the effects of a high-fat diet. We tested this hypothesis in male C57BL/6J mice by comparing the effects of purified diets that independently varied sucrose or fat content from 6 to 26 weeks of age. Outcomes included osteoarthritis pathology, serum metabolites, and cartilage gene and protein changes associated with cellular metabolism and stress-response pathways. We found that the relative content of sucrose versus cornstarch in low-fat iso-caloric purified diets caused substantial differences in serum metabolites, joint pathology, and cartilage metabolic and stress-response pathways, despite no differences in body mass or body fat. We also found that higher dietary fat increased fatty acid metabolic enzymes in cartilage. The findings indicate that the choice of control diets should be carefully considered in mouse osteoarthritis studies. Our study also indicates that altered cartilage metabolism might be a contributing factor to how diet and obesity increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Summary: The contribution of metabolic factors to obesity-associated knee osteoarthritis is uncertain. Here, we show how dietary fat and sucrose independently alter cartilage metabolic enzymes and osteoarthritis pathophysiology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise L Donovan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erika Barboza Prado Lopes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Mike Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF), Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA .,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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23
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Antarctic Krill Oil improves articular cartilage degeneration via activating chondrocyte autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in osteoarthritis mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Sun MMG, Beier F, Ratneswaran A. Nuclear receptors as potential drug targets in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:81-86. [PMID: 29626714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is amongst the major causes of disability worldwide, but no medications that can slow or stop progression of this disorder have been identified. Recent evidence suggests roles for a variety of members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors in various forms of osteoarthritis. Since nuclear receptors are amongst the major classes of drug targets, these studies suggest that modulators of nuclear receptor activity might provide novel strategies to treat osteoarthritis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role of nuclear receptors in osteoarthritis onset and progression, as well as their therapeutic implications. Future studies should continue to examine the possible roles of additional nuclear receptors in the pathophysiology of different types of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - Anusha Ratneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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25
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Sharma G, Nor-Hanipah Z, Haskins IN, Punchai S, Strong AT, Tu C, Rodriguez JH, Schauer PR, Kroh M. Comparative Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Impaired Mobility and Ambulatory Population. Obes Surg 2018; 28:2014-2024. [PMID: 29435811 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to characterize complications, metabolic improvement, and change in ambulation status for patients with impaired mobility undergoing bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Individuals undergoing primary sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) from February 2008 to December 2015 were included. Impaired mobility (WC) was defined as using a wheelchair or motorized scooter for at least part of a typical day. The WC group was propensity score matched to ambulatory patients (1:5 ratio). Comparisons were made for 30-day morbidity and mortality and 1-year improvement in weight-related comorbidities. RESULTS There were 93 patients in the WC group matched to 465 ambulatory controls. The median operative time (180 vs 159 min, p = 0.003) and postoperative length of stay (4 vs 3 days, p ≤ 0.001) was higher in the WC group. There were no differences in readmission or all-cause morbidity within 30 days. The median percent excess weight loss (%EWL) at 1 year was similar (WC group, 65% available, 53% EWL vs AMB group, 73% available, 54% EWL); however, patients with impaired mobility were less likely to experience improvement in diabetes (76 vs 90%, p = 0.046), hypertension (63 vs 82%, p < 0.005), and obstructive sleep apnea (53 vs 71%, p < 0.001). Within the WC group, 62% had improvement in their mobility status, eliminating dependence on wheelchair or scooter assistance. CONCLUSION Patients with both obesity and impaired mobility experience similar rates of perioperative morbidity and weight loss at 1 year compared to ambulatory controls. However, improvement in weight-related comorbidities may be less likely with impaired mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sharma
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zubaidah Nor-Hanipah
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ivy N Haskins
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suriya Punchai
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Andrew T Strong
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chao Tu
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Quantitiatve Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John H Rodriguez
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Phillip R Schauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Kroh
- Section of Surgical Endoscopy, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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26
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Fang H, Huang L, Welch I, Norley C, Holdsworth DW, Beier F, Cai D. Early Changes of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in The DMM Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2855. [PMID: 29434267 PMCID: PMC5809364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the early changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the DMM mouse model of osteoarthritis, mice were subjected to DMM or SHAM surgery and sacrificed at 2-, 5- and 10-week post-surgery. Catwalk gait analyses, Micro-Computed Tomography, Toluidine Blue, Picrosirius Red and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to investigate gait patterns, joint morphology, subchondral bone, cartilage, collagen organization and osteoclasts activity, respectively. Results showed OA progressed over 10-week time-course. Gait disparity occurred only at 10-week post-surgery. Osteophyte formed at 2-week post-surgery. BMDs of DMM showed no statistical differences comparing to SHAM at 2 weeks, but BV/TV is much higher in DMM mice. Increased BMD was clearly found at 5- and 10-week post-surgery in DMM mice. TRAP staining showed increased osteoclast activity at the site of osteophyte formation of DMM joints at 5- and 10-week time points. These results showed that subchondral bone turnover might occurred earlier than 2 weeks in this mouse DMM model. Gait disparity only occurred at later stage of OA in DMM mice. Notably, patella dislocation could occur in some of the DMM mice and cause a different pattern of OA in affected knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China.,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lisi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Ian Welch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.,Animal Care and Veterinary Services, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Chris Norley
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, P.O. Box 5015, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, P.O. Box 5015, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China. .,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China. .,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, 183 Zhongshan Ave. West, Guangzhou, 510630, P.R. China.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Despite the tremendous individual suffering and socioeconomic burden caused by osteoarthritis, there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatment options. This is in part because of our incomplete understanding of osteoarthritis disease mechanism. This review summarizes recent developments in therapeutic targets identified from surgical animal models of osteoarthritis that provide novel insight into osteoarthritis pathology and possess potential for progression into preclinical studies. Recent findings Several candidate pathways and processes that have been identified include chondrocyte autophagy, growth factor signaling, inflammation, and nociceptive signaling. Major strategies that possess therapeutic potential at the cellular level include inhibiting autophagy suppression and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cartilage anabolism and prevention of cartilage degradation has been shown to result from growth factor signaling modulation, such as TGF-β, TGF-α, and FGF; however, the results are context-dependent and require further investigation. Pain assessment studies in rodent surgical models have demonstrated potential in employing anti-NGF strategies for minimizing osteoarthritis-associated pain. Summary Studies of potential therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis using animal surgical models are helping to elucidate osteoarthritis pathology and propel therapeutics development. Further studies should continue to elucidate pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets in various joint tissues to improve overall joint health.
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28
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Zhang Z, Duan Y, Wu Z, Zhang H, Ren J, Huang L. PPARD is an Inhibitor of Cartilage Growth in External Ears. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:669-681. [PMID: 28539839 PMCID: PMC5441183 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARD) is an important determinant of multiple biological processes. Our previous studies identified a missense mutation in the PPARD gene that significantly reduces its transcription activity, and consequently causes enlarged external ears in pigs. However, the mechanisms underlying the causality has remained largely unknown. Here, we show that PPARD retards the development of auricular cartilage by accelerating the apoptosis of cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), the terminal differentiation of cartilage cells and the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix in the auricle. At the transcription level, PPARD upregulates a set of genes that are associated with CSPCs apoptosis and chondrogenic differentiation, chondroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix degradation. ChIP-seq identified direct target genes of PPARD, including a well-documented gene for cartilage development: PPARG. We further show that compared to wild-type PPARD, the G32E mutant up-regulates the expression of PPARG and subsequently leads to the downregulation of critical genes that inhibit cartilage growth. These findings allow us to conclude that PPARD is an inhibitor of auricular cartilage growth in pigs. The causative mutation (G32E) in the PPARD gene attenuates the PPARD-mediated retardation of cartilage growth in the auricle, contributing to enlarged ears in pigs. The findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying auricular development in mammals, and shed insight into the studies of innate pinna disorders and cartilage regeneration medicine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yanyu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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29
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Ratneswaran A, Sun MMG, Dupuis H, Sawyez C, Borradaile N, Beier F. Nuclear receptors regulate lipid metabolism and oxidative stress markers in chondrocytes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:431-444. [PMID: 28070626 PMCID: PMC5357281 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Joint homeostasis failure can result in osteoarthritis (OA). Currently, there are no treatments to alter disease progression in OA, but targeting early changes in cellular behavior has great potential. Recent data show that nuclear receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of OA and could be viable therapeutic targets, but their molecular mechanisms in cartilage are incompletely understood. This study examines global changes in gene expression after treatment with agonists for four nuclear receptor implicated in OA (LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ, and RXR). Murine articular chondrocytes were treated with agonists for LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ, or RXR and underwent microarray, qPCR, and cellular lipid analyses to evaluate changes in gene expression and lipid profile. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to compare two differentially expressed targets (Txnip, Gsta4) in control and cartilage-specific PPARδ knockout mice subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Nuclear receptor agonists induced different gene expression profiles with many responses affecting lipid metabolism. LXR activation downregulated gene expression of proteases involved in OA, whereas RXR agonism decreased expression of ECM components and increased expression of Mmp13. Functional assays indicate increases in cell triglyceride accumulation after PPARγ, LXR, and RXR agonism but a decrease after PPARδ agonism. PPARδ and RXR downregulate the antioxidant Gsta4, and PPARδ upregulates Txnip. Wild-type, but not PPARδ-deficient mice, display increased staining for Txnip after DMM. Collectively, these data demonstrate that nuclear receptor activation in chondrocytes primarily affects lipid metabolism. In the case of PPARδ, this change might lead to increased oxidative stress, possibly contributing to OA-associated changes. Key message Nuclear receptors regulate metabolic genes in chondrocytes. Nuclear receptors affect triglyceride levels. PPARδ mediates regulation of oxidative stress markers. Nuclear receptors are promising therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1501-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Ratneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Dupuis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Sawyez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nica Borradaile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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30
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Liu CF, Samsa WE, Zhou G, Lefebvre V. Transcriptional control of chondrocyte specification and differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:34-49. [PMID: 27771362 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A milestone in the evolutionary emergence of vertebrates was the invention of cartilage, a tissue that has key roles in modeling, protecting and complementing the bony skeleton. Cartilage is elaborated and maintained by chondrocytes. These cells derive from multipotent skeletal progenitors and they perform highly specialized functions as they proceed through sequential lineage commitment and differentiation steps. They form cartilage primordia, the primary skeleton of the embryo. They then transform these primordia either into cartilage growth plates, temporary drivers of skeletal elongation and endochondral ossification, or into permanent tissues, namely articular cartilage. Chondrocyte fate decisions and differentiated activities are controlled by numerous extrinsic and intrinsic cues, and they are implemented at the gene expression level by transcription factors. The latter are the focus of this review. Meritorious efforts from many research groups have led over the last two decades to the identification of dozens of key chondrogenic transcription factors. These regulators belong to all types of transcription factor families. Some have master roles at one or several differentiation steps. They include SOX9 and RUNX2/3. Others decisively assist or antagonize the activities of these masters. They include TWIST1, SOX5/6, and MEF2C/D. Many more have tissue-patterning roles and regulate cell survival, proliferation and the pace of cell differentiation. They include, but are not limited to, homeodomain-containing proteins and growth factor signaling mediators. We here review current knowledge of all these factors, one superclass, class, and family at a time. We then compile all knowledge into transcriptional networks. We also identify remaining gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fill these gaps and thereby provide novel insights into cartilage disease mechanisms and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - William E Samsa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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31
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Usmani SE, Ulici V, Pest MA, Hill TL, Welch ID, Beier F. Context-specific protection of TGFα null mice from osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30434. [PMID: 27457421 PMCID: PMC4960644 DOI: 10.1038/srep30434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) is a growth factor involved in osteoarthritis (OA). TGFα induces an OA-like phenotype in articular chondrocytes, by inhibiting matrix synthesis and promoting catabolic factor expression. To better understand TGFα’s potential as a therapeutic target, we employed two in vivo OA models: (1) post-traumatic and (2) aging related OA. Ten-week old and six-month old male Tgfa null mice and their heterozygous (control) littermates underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. Disease progression was assessed histologically using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system. As well, spontaneous disease progression was analyzed in eighteen-month-old Tgfa null and heterozygous mice. Ten-week old Tgfa null mice were protected from OA progression at both seven and fourteen weeks post-surgery. No protection was seen however in six-month old null mice after DMM surgery, and no differences were observed between genotypes in the aging model. Thus, young Tgfa null mice are protected from OA progression in the DMM model, while older mice are not. In addition, Tgfa null mice are equally susceptible to spontaneous OA development during aging. Thus, TGFα might be a valuable therapeutic target in some post-traumatic forms of OA, however its role in idiopathic disease is less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirine E Usmani
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Veronica Ulici
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Pest
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy L Hill
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ian D Welch
- Department of Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine &Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Age is the strongest independent risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and for many years this was assumed to be due to repetitive microtrauma of the joint surface over time, the so-called 'wear and tear' arthritis. As our understanding of OA pathogenesis has become more refined, it has changed our appreciation of the role of ageing on disease. Cartilage breakdown in disease is not a passive process but one involving induction and activation of specific matrix-degrading enzymes; chondrocytes are exquisitely sensitive to changes in the mechanical, inflammatory and metabolic environment of the joint; cartilage is continuously adapting to these changes by altering its matrix. Ageing influences all of these processes. In this review, we will discuss how ageing affects tissue structure, joint use and the cellular metabolism. We describe what is known about pathways implicated in ageing in other model systems and discuss the potential value of targeting these pathways in OA.
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33
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Veronesi F, Della Bella E, Cepollaro S, Brogini S, Martini L, Fini M. Novel therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis: Narrative review on knock-out genes involved in disease development in mouse animal models. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:593-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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34
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Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: biology. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:21-6. [PMID: 26707989 PMCID: PMC4693144 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights a selection of recently published literature in the area of osteoarthritis biology. Major themes transpiring from a PubMed search covering the year between the 2014 and the 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) World Congress are explored. Inflammation emerged as a significant theme, revealing complex pathways that drive dramatic changes in cartilage homeostasis and in the synovium. Highlights include a homeostatic role for CXC chemokines in cartilage, identification of the zinc-ZIP8-MTF1 axis as an essential regulator of cartilage catabolism, and the discovery that a small aggrecan fragment can have catabolic and pro-inflammatory effects through Toll-like receptor 2. Synovitis can promote joint damage, partly through alarmins such as S100A8. Synovitis and synovial expression of the pro-algesic neurotrophin, Nerve Growth Factor, are associated with pain. Increasingly, researchers are considering specific pathogenic pathways that may operate in distinct subsets of osteoarthritis associated with distinct risk factors, including obesity, age, and joint injury. In obesity, the contribution of metabolic factors and diet is under intense investigation. The role of autophagy and oxidative stress in age-related osteoarthritis has been further explored. This approach may open avenues for targeted treatment of distinct phenotypes of osteoarthritis. Finally, a small selection of novel analgesic targets in the periphery is briefly discussed, including calcitonin gene-related peptide and the neuronal sodium voltage-gated channels, Nav1.7 and Nav1.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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35
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Pest MA, Pest CA, Bellini MR, Feng Q, Beier F. Deletion of Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 Does Not Predispose Mice to Increased Spontaneous Osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142822. [PMID: 26562438 PMCID: PMC4643037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with poorly understood etiology and pathobiology. Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK and p38 play important roles in the mediation of downstream pathways involved in cartilage degenerative processes. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) dephosphorylates the threonine/serine and tyrosine sites on ERK and p38, causing deactivation of downstream signalling. In this study we examined the role of DUSP1 in spontaneous OA development at 21 months of age using a genetically modified mouse model deficient in Dusp1 (DUSP1 knockout mouse). RESULTS Utilizing histochemical stains of paraffin embedded knee joint sections in DUSP1 knockout and wild type female and male mice, we showed similar structural progression of cartilage degeneration associated with OA at 21 months of age. A semi-quantitative cartilage degeneration scoring system also demonstrated similar scores in the various aspects of the knee joint articular cartilage in DUSP1 knockout and control mice. Examination of overall articular cartilage thickness in the knee joint demonstrated similar results between DUSP1 knockout and wild type mice. Immunostaining for cartilage neoepitopes DIPEN, TEGE and C1,2C was similar in the cartilage lesion sites and chondrocyte pericellular matrix of both experimental groups. Likewise, immunostaining for phosphoERK and MMP13 showed similar intensity and localization between groups. SOX9 immunostaining demonstrated a decreased number of positive cells in DUSP1 knockout mice, with correspondingly decreased staining intensity. Analysis of animal walking patterns (gait) did not show a discernable difference between groups. CONCLUSION Loss of DUSP1 does not cause changes in cartilage degeneration and gait in a mouse model of spontaneous OA at 21 months of age. Altered staining was observed in SOX9 immunostaining which may prove promising for future studies examining the role of DUSPs in cartilage and OA, as well as models of post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andrew Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Alice Pest
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Qingping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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36
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Moon PM, Penuela S, Barr K, Khan S, Pin CL, Welch I, Attur M, Abramson SB, Laird DW, Beier F. Deletion of Panx3 Prevents the Development of Surgically Induced Osteoarthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:845-56. [PMID: 26138248 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, disabling joint disease with no existing therapies to slow or halt its progression. Cartilage degeneration hallmarks OA pathogenesis, and pannexin 3 (Panx3), a member of a novel family of channel proteins, is upregulated during this process. The function of Panx3 remains poorly understood, but we consistently observed a strong increase in Panx3 immunostaining in OA lesions in both mice and humans. Here, we developed and characterized the first global and conditional Panx3 knockout mice to investigate the role of Panx3 in OA. Interestingly, global Panx3 deletion produced no overt phenotype and had no obvious effect on early skeletal development. Mice lacking Panx3 specifically in the cartilage and global Panx3 knockout mice were markedly resistant to the development of OA following destabilization of medial meniscus surgery. These data indicate a specific catabolic role of Panx3 in articular cartilage and identify Panx3 as a potential therapeutic target for OA. Lastly, while Panx1 has been linked to over a dozen human pathologies, this is the first in vivo evidence for a role of Panx3 in disease. KEY MESSAGE Panx3 is localized to cartilage lesions in mice and humans. Global Panx3 deletion does not result in any developmental abnormalities. Mice lacking Panx3 are resistant to the development of osteoarthritis. Panx3 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paxton M Moon
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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