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Nehru G, Balakrishnan R, Swaminathan N, Tadi SRR, Sivaprakasam S. Heparosan biosynthesis in recombinant Bacillus megaterium: Influence of N-acetylglucosamine supplementation and kinetic modeling. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38973679 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Heparosan, an unsulfated polysaccharide, plays a pivotal role as a primary precursor in the biosynthesis of heparin-an influential anticoagulant with diverse therapeutic applications. To enhance heparosan production, the utilization of metabolic engineering in nonpathogenic microbial strains is emerging as a secure and promising strategy. In the investigation of heparosan production by recombinant Bacillus megaterium, a kinetic modeling approach was employed to explore the impact of initial substrate concentration and the supplementation of precursor sugars. The adapted logistic model was utilized to thoroughly analyze three vital parameters: the B. megaterium growth dynamics, sucrose utilization, and heparosan formation. It was noted that at an initial sucrose concentration of 30 g L-1 (S1), it caused an inhibitory effect on both cell growth and substrate utilization. Intriguingly, the inclusion of N-acetylglucosamine (S2) resulted in a significant 1.6-fold enhancement in heparosan concentration. In addressing the complexities of the dual substrate system involving S1 and S2, a multi-substrate kinetic models, specifically the double Andrew's model was employed. This approach not only delved into the intricacies of dual substrate kinetics but also effectively described the relationships among the primary state variables. Consequently, these models not only provide a nuanced understanding of the system's behavior but also serve as a roadmap for optimizing the design and management of the heparosan production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Nehru
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Bioprocess Analytical Technology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rengesh Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedhitha Swaminathan
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Subbi Rami Reddy Tadi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Bioprocess Analytical Technology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Bioprocess Analytical Technology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Datta P, Fu L, Brodfuerer P, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. High density fermentation of probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 towards heparosan production, characterization, and modification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1051-1062. [PMID: 33481068 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heparosan is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan. Heparosan serves as the substrate for chemoenzymatic synthesis of biopharmaceutically important heparan sulfate and heparin. Heparosan is biologically inert molecule, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic and these qualities of heparosan make it an ideal drug delivery vehicle. The critical-to-quality (CTQ) attributes for heparosan applications include composition of heparosan, absence of any unnatural moieties, and heparosan molecular weight size and unimodal distribution. Probiotic bacteria E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a natural producer of heparosan. The current work explores production of EcN heparosan and process parameters that may impact the heparosan CTQ attributes. Results show that EcN could be grown to high cell densities (OD600 160-180) in a chemically defined media. The fermentation process is successfully scaled from 5-L to 100-L bioreactor. The chemical composition of heparosan from EcN was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Results demonstrate that heparosan molecular weight distribution may be influenced by fermentation and purification conditions. Size exclusion chromatography analysis shows that the heparosan purified from fermentation broth results in bimodal distribution, and cell-free supernatant results in unimodal distribution (average molecular weight 68,000 Da). The yield of EcN-derived heparosan was 3 g/L of cell free supernatant. We further evaluated the application of Nissle 1917 heparosan for chemical modification to prepare N-sulfo heparosan (NSH), the first intermediate precursor for heparin and heparan sulfate. KEY POINTS: • High cell density fermentation, using a chemically defined fermentation media for the growth of probiotic bacteria EcN (E. coli Nissle 1917, a natural producer of heparosan) is reported. • Process parameters towards the production of monodispersed heparosan using probiotic bacteria EcN (Nissle 1917) has been explored and discussed. • The media composition and the protocol (SOPs and batch records) have been successfully transferred to contract manufacturing facilities and industrial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Datta
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Paul Brodfuerer
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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Sepahi M, Hadadian S, Ahangari Cohan R, Norouzian D. Lipopolysaccharide removal affinity matrices based on novel cationic amphiphilic peptides. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:386-394. [PMID: 33205675 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1821216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most challenging contaminants in biopharmaceutical industries. Cationic amphiphilic peptides (CAPs) -based affinity matrices can be potent tools for LPS removal in such situations. In this study, two newly designed CAPs derived from the LPS binding site of factor C of horseshoe crab S3E3 and S3E3A were immobilized chemo-selectively on diaminodipropylamine (DADPA) and iodoacetyl functionalized Sepharose beads. Both peptides were immobilized via their carboxyl or sulfhydryl (thiol) groups by amide or thioether bonds, respectively. The generated four affinity matrices were used to remove LPS from bovine serum albumin (BSA). The effects of different influential factors including pH, NaCl, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and LPS concentrations on LPS removal efficiency and protein recovery were investigated by Plackett Burman (PB) method.Statistical analysis revealed that immobilized S3E3 removed LPS more effectively than immobilized S3E3A. Increasing pH and LPS concentration had negative effects on LPS removal efficiency and protein recovery. Increasing NaCl concentration improved protein recovery but reduced LPS removal efficiency. Other factors such as EDTA and type of buffer had no significant effect on the measured responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sepahi
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Hadadian
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Norouzian
- Nano-Biotechnology Department, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Purification of the exopolysaccharide produced by Alteromonas infernus: identification of endotoxins and effective process to remove them. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28646448 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alteromonas infernus bacterium isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents can produce by fermentation a high molecular weight exopolysaccharide (EPS) called GY785. This EPS described as a new source of glycosaminoglycan-like molecule presents a great potential for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. However, this unusual EPS is secreted by a Gram-negative bacterium and can be therefore contaminated by endotoxins, in particular the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Biochemical and chemical analyses of the LPS extracted from A. infernus membranes have shown the lack of the typical LPS architecture since 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (Kdo), glucosamine (GlcN), and phosphorylated monosaccharides were not present. Unlike for other Gram-negative bacteria, the results revealed that the outer membrane of A. infernus bacterium is most likely composed of peculiar glycolipids. Furthermore, the presence of these glycolipids was also detected in the EPS batches produced by fermentation. Different purification and chemical detoxification methods were evaluated to efficiently purify the EPS. Only the method based on a differential solubility of EPS and glycolipids in deoxycholate detergent showed the highest decrease in the endotoxin content. In contrast to the other tested methods, this new protocol can provide an effective method for obtaining endotoxin-free EPS without any important modification of its molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content.
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Bhaskar U, Hickey AM, Li G, Mundra RV, Zhang F, Fu L, Cai C, Ou Z, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. A purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides using the pH responsive behavior of chitosan. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1348-59. [PMID: 26147064 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The contamination crisis of 2008 has brought to light several risks associated with use of animal tissue derived heparin. Because the total chemical synthesis of heparin is not feasible, a bioengineered approach has been proposed, relying on recombinant enzymes derived from the heparin/HS biosynthetic pathway and Escherichia coli K5 capsular polysaccharide. Intensive process engineering efforts are required to achieve a cost-competitive process for bioengineered heparin compared to commercially available porcine heparins. Towards this goal, we have used 96-well plate based screening for development of a chitosan-based purification process for heparin and precursor polysaccharides. The unique pH responsive behavior of chitosan enables simplified capture of target heparin or related polysaccharides, under low pH and complex solution conditions, followed by elution under mildly basic conditions. The use of mild, basic recovery conditions are compatible with the chemical N-deacetylation/N-sulfonation step used in the bioengineered heparin process. Selective precipitation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to significant removal of process related impurities such as proteins, DNA and endotoxins. Use of highly sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analytical techniques reveal a minimum impact of chitosan-based purification on heparin product composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Bhaskar
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Anne M Hickey
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Guoyun Li
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Ruchir V Mundra
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Li Fu
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Chao Cai
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Zhimin Ou
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept. of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.,Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
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