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Elsaygh J, Zaher A, Parikh MA, Frishman WH, Peterson SJ. Nanotechnology: The Future for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Intervention in Cardiovascular Diseases is Here. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00281. [PMID: 38814069 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
With advances in technology and medicine over the last 3 decades, cardiovascular medicine has evolved tremendously. Nanotechnology provides a promising future in personalized precision medicine. In this review, we delve into the current and prospective applications of nanotechnology and nanoparticles in cardiology. Nanotechnology has allowed for point-of-care testing such as high-sensitivity troponins, as well as more precise cardiac imaging. This review is focused on 3 diseases within cardiology: coronary artery disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease. The use of nanoparticles in coronary stents has shown success in preventing in-stent thrombosis, as well as using nanosized drug delivery medications to prevent neointimal proliferation in a way that spares systemic toxicity. In addition, by using nanoparticles as drug delivery systems, nanotechnology can be utilized in the delivery of goal-directed medical therapy in heart failure patients. It has also been shown to improve cell therapy in this patient population by helping in cell retention of grafts. Finally, the use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of bioprosthetic valves provides a promising future for the longevity and success of cardiac valve repair and replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Elsaygh
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Anas Zaher
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Manish A Parikh
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Stephen J Peterson
- From the Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
- Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Ajam Y, Midha S, Tan ACW, Blunn G, Kalaskar DM. Design and In Vivo Testing of Novel Single-Stage Tendon Graft Using Polyurethane Nanocomposite Polymer for Tendon Reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 75:1467-1475. [PMID: 34953746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe trauma, failure of prior surgical repair, delayed presentation and excessive scarring around the flexor tendon bed often necessitate a two-stage surgical reconstruction, where a silicone spacer is used in the first stage to recreate the fibro-osseous tunnel through which the tendon graft can glide in the second stage. This staged procedure involves great commitment on the part of both patient and surgeon, over the course of several months, involving a prolonged period of rehabilitation that can be quite disruptive to the patient's life and work. Reducing this from a two-stage into a single-stage procedure, therefore, has the potential to reduce rehabilitation time and cost, expedite return to work, and improve outcomes. To address this, we developed polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite, as an engineered tendon sheath, for treatment of delayed flexor tendon division as a single-stage procedure. The clinically conformant tubular grafts were tested for their efficacy in the peroneus tertius tendon of 6 Mule sheep for 3 months. Semi-quantitative histological assessment was carried out by analysing four descriptive layers: tendon, tendon/polymer sheath interface, polymer sheath, and polymer sheath/surrounding tissue. Four (out of 6) of the implanted PU nanocomposites showed moderate to substantial healing of the injured tendons, with minimal adhesion after repair, ensuring good gliding movement. No statistical differences were observed in tendon repair based on intra-regional variation in the explanted grafts, indicating homogeneity in tendon repair. Overall, the PU nanocomposite bears morphological stability and functionality for tendon repair, in single-stage surgical reconstruction, demonstrating promising evidence for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Ajam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Swati Midha
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arthur C W Tan
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital-NHS Trust, Brockley Hill, Stanmore HA7 4LP, London, United Kingdom.
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Argon plasma modification promotes adipose derived stem cells osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation on nanocomposite polyurethane scaffolds; implications for skeletal tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110085. [PMID: 31546386 PMCID: PMC6892254 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone and cartilage craniofacial defects due to trauma or congenital deformities pose a difficult problem for reconstructive surgeons. Human adipose stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into bone and cartilage and together with suitable scaffolds could provide a promising system for skeletal tissue engineering. It has been suggested that nanomaterials can direct cell behavior depending on their surface nanotopographies. Thus, this study examined whether by altering a nanoscaffold surface using radiofrequency to excite gases, argon (Ar), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) with a single step technique, we could enhance the osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of ADSCs. At 24 h, Ar modification promoted the highest increase in ADSCs adhesion as indicated by upregulation of vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression compared to O2 and N2 scaffolds. Furthermore, ADSCs on Ar-modified nanocomposite polymer POSS-PCU scaffolds upregulated expression of bone markers, alkaline phosphatase, collagen I and osteocalcin after 3 weeks. Cartilage markers, aggrecan and collagen II, were also upregulated on Ar-modified scaffolds at the mRNA and protein level. Finally, all plasma treated scaffolds supported tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis after grafting onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Ar promoted greater expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and laminin in ovo compared to O2 and N2 scaffolds as shown by immunohistochemistry. This study provides an important understanding into which surface chemistries best support the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs that could be harnessed for regenerative skeletal applications. Argon surface modification is a simple tool that can promote ADSC skeletal differentiation that is easily amenable to translation into clinical practice. Bone and cartilage craniofacial defects due to trauma or congenital deformities pose a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. Nanomaterials can direct adipose derived stem cell (ADSC) differentiation depending on their surface nanotopographies. This study demonstrates that Argon surface modification improve the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of ADSCs. Argon surface modification is a tool that can upregulate ADSC skeletal differentiation and is amenable to translation into clinical practice.
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Detailed characterization of POSS-poly(ethylene glycol) interaction with model phospholipid membrane at the air/water interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:167-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Griffin M, Palgrave R, Baldovino-Medrano VG, Butler PE, Kalaskar DM. Argon plasma improves the tissue integration and angiogenesis of subcutaneous implants by modifying surface chemistry and topography. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6123-6141. [PMID: 30349241 PMCID: PMC6181122 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s167637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue integration and vessel formation are important criteria for the successful implantation of synthetic biomaterials for subcutaneous implantation. OBJECTIVE We report the optimization of plasma surface modification (PSM) using argon (Ar), oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) gases of a polyurethane polymer to enhance tissue integration and angiogenesis. METHODS The scaffold's bulk and surface characteristics were compared before and after PSM with either Ar, O2 and N2. The viability and adhesion of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the modified scaffolds were compared. The formation of extracellular matrix by the HDFs on the modified scaffolds was evaluated. Scaffolds were subcutaneously implanted in a mouse model for 3 months to analyze tissue integration, angiogenesis and capsule formation. RESULTS Surface analysis demonstrated that interfacial modification (chemistry, topography and wettability) achieved by PSM is unique and varies according to the gas used. O2 plasma led to extensive changes in interfacial properties, whereas Ar treatment caused moderate changes. N2 plasma caused the least effect on surface chemistry of the polymer. PSM-treated scaffolds significantly (P<0.05) enhanced HDF activity and growth over 21 days. Among all three gases, Ar modification showed the highest protein adsorption. Ar-modified scaffolds also showed a significant upregulation of adhesion-related proteins (vinculin, focal adhesion kinase, talin and paxillin; P<0.05) and extracellular matrix marker genes (collagen type I, fibronectin, laminin and elastin) and deposition of associated proteins by the HDFs. Subcutaneous implantation after 3 months demonstrated the highest tissue integration and angiogenesis and the lowest capsule formation on Ar-modified scaffolds compared with O2- and N2-modified scaffolds. CONCLUSION PSM using Ar is a cost-effective and efficient method to improve the tissue integration and angiogenesis of subcutaneous implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK,
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
- The Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Peter E Butler
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK,
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
- The Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK,
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK,
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Borhani S, Hassanajili S, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Rabbani S. Cardiovascular stents: overview, evolution, and next generation. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:175-205. [PMID: 30203125 PMCID: PMC6173682 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to bare-metal stents (BMSs), drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been regarded as a revolutionary change in coronary artery diseases (CADs). Releasing pharmaceutical agents from the stent surface was a promising progress in the realm of cardiovascular stents. Despite supreme advantages over BMSs, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and long-term safety of DESs are still deemed ongoing concerns over clinically application of DESs. The failure of DESs for long-term clinical use is associated with following factors including permanent polymeric coating materials, metallic stent platforms, non-optimal drug releasing condition, and factors that have recently been supposed as contributory factors such as degradation products of polymers, metal ions due to erosion and degradation of metals and their alloys utilizing in some stents as metal frameworks. Discovering the direct relation between stent materials and associating adverse effects is a complicated process, and yet it has not been resolved. For clinical success it is of significant importance to optimize DES design and explore novel strategies to overcome all problems including inflammatory response, delay endothelialization, and sub-acute stent thrombosis (ST) simultaneously. In this work, scientific reports are reviewed particularly focusing on recent advancements in DES design which covers both potential improvements of existing and recently novel prototype stent fabrications. Covering a wide range of information from the BMSs to recent advancement, this study mostly sheds light on DES's concepts, namely stent composition, drug release mechanism, and coating techniques. This review further reports different forms of DES including fully biodegradable DESs, shape-memory ones, and polymer-free DESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Borhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, School of New Science and Technology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar, Tehran, Iran
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Interaction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine at the air/water interface: Thermodynamic and rheological study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Alshomer F, Chaves C, Serra T, Ahmed I, Kalaskar DM. Micropatterning of nanocomposite polymer scaffolds using sacrificial phosphate glass fibers for tendon tissue engineering applications. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1267-1277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Griffin MF, Palgrave RG, Seifalian AM, Butler PE, Kalaskar DM. Enhancing tissue integration and angiogenesis of a novel nanocomposite polymer using plasma surface polymerisation, an in vitro and in vivo study. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:145-58. [PMID: 26474453 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current surgical reconstruction of facial defects including nose or ear involves harvesting patient's own autologous tissue, causing donor site morbidity and is limited by tissue availability. The use of alternative synthetic materials is also limited due to complications related to poor tissue integration and angiogenesis, which lead to extrusion of implants and infection. We intend to meet this clinical challenge by using a novel nanocomposite called polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (POSS-PCU), which has already been successfully taken to the clinical bench-side as a replacement for trachea, tear duct and vascular by-pass graft. In this study, we aimed to enhance tissue integration and angiogenesis of POSS-PCU using an established surface treatment technique, plasma surface polymerisation (PSP), functionalising the surface using NH2 and COOH chemical groups. Physical characterisation of scaffolds was achieved by using a number of techniques, including water contact angle, SEM, AFM and XPS to study the effects of PSM modification on the POSS-PCU nanocomposite in detail, which has not been previously documented. Wettability evaluation confirmed that scaffolds become hydrophilic and AFM analysis confirmed that nano topographical alterations resulted as a consequence of PSP treatment. Chemical functionalisation was confirmed using XPS, which suggested the presence of NH2 and COOH functional groups on the scaffolds. The modified scaffolds were then tested both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the potential of PSP modified POSS-PCU scaffolds on tissue integration and angiogenesis. In vitro analysis confirmed that PSM modification resulted in higher cellular growth, proliferation and ECM production as assessed by biochemical assays and immunofluorescence. Subcutaneous implantation of modified POSS-PCU scaffolds was then carried out over 12-weeks, resulting in enhanced tissue integration and angiogenesis (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates a simple and cost effective surface modification method to overcome the current challenge of implant extrusion and infection caused by poor integration and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Griffin
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter E Butler
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK. and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
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Salmasi S, Nayyer L, Seifalian AM, Blunn GW. Nanohydroxyapatite Effect on the Degradation, Osteoconduction and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Bone Tissue Engineered Scaffolds. Open Orthop J 2016; 10:900-919. [PMID: 28217213 PMCID: PMC5299581 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001610010900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical reports show that every year around the world approximately 15 million bone fractures occur; of which up to 10% fail to heal completely and hence lead to complications of non-union healing. In the past, autografts or allografts were used as the “gold standard” of treating such defects. However, due to various limitations and risks associated with these sources of bone grafts, other avenues have been extensively investigated through which bone tissue engineering; in particular engineering of synthetic bone graft substitutes, has been recognised as a promising alternative to the traditional methods. METHODS A selective literature search was performed. RESULTS Bone tissue engineering offers unlimited supply, eliminated risk of disease transmission and relatively low cost. It could also lead to patient specific design and manufacture of implants, prosthesis and bone related devices. A potentially promising building block for a suitable scaffold is synthetic nanohydroxyapatite incorporated into synthetic polymers. Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers has shown promising bioactivity, osteoconductivity, mechanical properties and degradation profile compared to other techniques previously considered. CONCLUSION Scientific research, through extensive physiochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo assessment has brought together the optimum characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and various types of synthetic polymers in order to develop nanocomposites of suitable nature for bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present article is to review and update various aspects involved in incorporation of synthetic nanohydroxyapatite into synthetic polymers, in terms of their potentials to promote bone growth and regeneration in vitro, in vivo and consequently in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Salmasi
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Nayyer
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
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Griffin M, Nayyer L, Butler PE, Palgrave RG, Seifalian AM, Kalaskar DM. Development of mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds using functionalized silica nano-fillers for the control of cellular functions. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1725-33. [PMID: 27013128 PMCID: PMC4949378 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient method to produce mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds which can alter cellular functions using two different functionalized (OH and NH2) silica nano-fillers. Fumed silica-hydroxyl and fumed silica-amine nano-fillers were mixed with a biocompatible polymer (POSS-PCU) at various wt% to produce scaffolds. XPS and mechanical testing demonstrate that bulk mechanical properties are modified without changing the scaffold's surface chemistry. Mechanical testing showed significant change in bulk properties of POSS-PCU scaffolds with an addition of silica nanofillers as low as 1% (P<0.01). Scaffolds modified with NH2 silica showed significantly higher bulk mechanical properties compared to the one modified with the OH group. Enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation and collagen production over 14days were observed on scaffolds with higher bulk mechanical properties (NH2) compared to those with lower ones (unmodified and OH modified) (P<0.05) during in vitro analysis. This study provides an effective method of manufacturing mechano-responsive polymeric scaffolds, which can help to customize cellular responses for biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Griffin
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Nayyer
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter E Butler
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Advances in peripheral nervous system regenerative therapeutic strategies: A biomaterials approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 65:425-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chaves C, Alshomer F, Palgrave RG, Kalaskar DM. Plasma Surface Modification of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsequioxane-Poly(carbonate-urea) Urethane with Allylamine Enhances the Response and Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18701-18709. [PMID: 27384590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study present amino functionalization of biocompatible polymer polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane-poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) using plasma polymerization process to induce osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). Optimization of plasma polymerization process was carried out keeping cell culture application in mind. Thus, samples were rigorously tested for retention of amino groups under both dry and wet conditions. Physio-chemical characterization was carried out using ninhydrin test, X-ray photon spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and static water contact analysis. Results from physio chemical characterization shows that functionalization of the amino group is not stable under wet conditions and optimization of plasma process is required for stable bonding of amino groups to the POSS-PCU polymer. Optimized samples were later tested in vitro in short and long-term culture to study differentiation of ADSCs on amino modified samples. Short-term cell culture shows that initial cell attachment was significantly (p < 0.001) improved on amine modified samples (NH2-POSS-PCU) compared to unmodified POSS-PCU. NH2-POSS-PCU samples also facilitates osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs as confirmed by immunological staining of cells for extracellular markers such as collagen Type I and osteopontin. Quantification of total collagen and ALP activity also shows significant (p < 0.001) increase on NH2-POSS-PCU samples compared to unmodified POSS-PCU. A pilot study also confirms that these optimized amino modified POSS-PCU samples can further be functionalized using bone inducing peptide such as KRSR using conventional wet chemistry. This further provides an opportunity for biofunctionalization of the polymer for various tissue specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Chaves
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London , London, United Kingdom , NW3 2PF
- Université Paris Sud , Orthopedic Surgery, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 184, Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Antoine, Paris, France , 75012
| | - Feras Alshomer
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London , London, United Kingdom , NW3 2PF
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, United Kingdom , WC1H 0AJ
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London , London, United Kingdom , NW3 2PF
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Serra T, Capelli C, Toumpaniari R, Orriss IR, Leong JJH, Dalgarno K, Kalaskar DM. Design and fabrication of 3D-printed anatomically shaped lumbar cage for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration treatment. Biofabrication 2016; 8:035001. [PMID: 27431399 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/035001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal fusion is the gold standard surgical procedure for degenerative spinal conditions when conservative therapies have been unsuccessful in rehabilitation of patients. Novel strategies are required to improve biocompatibility and osseointegration of traditionally used materials for lumbar cages. Furthermore, new design and technologies are needed to bridge the gap due to the shortage of optimal implant sizes to fill the intervertebral disc defect. Within this context, additive manufacturing technology presents an excellent opportunity to fabricate ergonomic shape medical implants. The goal of this study is to design and manufacture a 3D-printed lumbar cage for lumbar interbody fusion. Optimisations of the proposed implant design and its printing parameters were achieved via in silico analysis. The final construct was characterised via scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, x-ray micro computed tomography (μCT), atomic force microscopy, and compressive test. Preliminary in vitro cell culture tests such as morphological assessment and metabolic activities were performed to access biocompatibility of 3D-printed constructs. Results of in silico analysis provided a useful platform to test preliminary cage design and to find an optimal value of filling density for 3D printing process. Surface characterisation confirmed a uniform coating of nHAp with nanoscale topography. Mechanical evaluation showed mechanical properties of final cage design similar to that of trabecular bone. Preliminary cell culture results showed promising results in terms of cell growth and activity confirming biocompatibility of constructs. Thus for the first time, design optimisation based on computational and experimental analysis combined with the 3D-printing technique for intervertebral fusion cage has been reported in a single study. 3D-printing is a promising technique for medical applications and this study paves the way for future development of customised implants in spinal surgical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Serra
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, UCL, NW3 2PF, UK
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Nayyer L, Jell G, Esmaeili A, Birchall M, Seifalian AM. A Biodesigned Nanocomposite Biomaterial for Auricular Cartilage Reconstruction. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1203-12. [PMID: 26992039 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current biomaterials for auricular replacement are associated with high rates of infection and extrusion. The development of new auricular biomaterials that mimic the mechanical properties of native tissue and promote desirable cellular interactions may prevent implant failure. A porous 3D nanocomposite scaffold (NS) based on POSS-PCU (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocage into polycarbonate based urea-urethane) is developed with an elastic modulus similar to native ear. In vitro biological interactions on this NS reveal greater protein adsorption, increased fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, and collagen production compared with Medpor (the current synthetic auricular implant). In vivo, the POSS-PCU with larger pores (NS2; 150-250 μm) have greater tissue ingrowth (≈5.8× and ≈1.4 × increase) than the POSS-PCU with smaller pores (NS1; 100-50 μm) and when compared to Medpor (>100 μm). The NS2 with the larger pores demonstrates a reduced fibrotic encapsulation compared with NS1 and Medpor (≈4.1× and ≈1.6×, respectively; P < 0.05). Porosity also influences the amount of neovascularization within the implants, with no blood vessel observed in NS1 (12 weeks postimplantation). The lack of chronic inflammatory response for all materials may indicate that the elastic modulus and pore size of the implant scaffold could be important design considerations for influencing fibrotic responses to auricular and other soft tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nayyer
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Gavin Jell
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Ali Esmaeili
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital; London NW3 2QG UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- The Ear Institute; University College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London WC1E 6BT UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust Hospital; London NW3 2QG UK
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Kanapathy M, Kalaskar D, Mosahebi A, Seifalian AM. Development of a Tissue-Engineered Lymphatic Graft Using Nanocomposite Polymer for the Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema. Artif Organs 2016; 40:E1-E11. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muholan Kanapathy
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London UK
| | - Deepak Kalaskar
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London UK
| | - Afshin Mosahebi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; University College London; London UK
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Mozumder MS, Mairpady A, Mourad AHI. Polymeric nanobiocomposites for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1241-1259. [PMID: 26910862 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric nanobiocomposites have recently become one of the most essential sought after materials for biomedical applications ranging from implants to the creation of gels. Their unique mechanical and biological properties provide them the ability to pass through the highly guarded defense mechanism without undergoing noticeable degradation and initiation of immune responses, which in turn makes them advantageous over the other alternatives. Aligned with the advances in tissue engineering, it is also possible to design three-dimensional extracellular matrix using these polymeric nanobiocomposites that could closely mimic the human tissues. In fact, unique polymer chemistry coupled with nanoparticles could create unique microenvironment that promotes cell growth and differentiation. In addition, the nanobiocomposites can also be devised to carry drugs efficiently to the target site without exhibiting any cytotoxicity as well as to eradicate surgical infections. In this article, an effort has been made to thoroughly review a number of different types/classes of polymeric nanocomposites currently used in biomedical fields. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1241-1259, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anusha Mairpady
- Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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18
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Radenkovic D, Solouk A, Seifalian A. Personalized development of human organs using 3D printing technology. Med Hypotheses 2016; 87:30-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Crowley C, Klanrit P, Butler CR, Varanou A, Platé M, Hynds RE, Chambers RC, Seifalian AM, Birchall MA, Janes SM. Surface modification of a POSS-nanocomposite material to enhance cellular integration of a synthetic bioscaffold. Biomaterials 2016; 83:283-93. [PMID: 26790147 PMCID: PMC4762251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) is a versatile nanocomposite biomaterial with growing applications as a bioscaffold for tissue engineering. Integration of synthetic implants with host tissue can be problematic but could be improved by topographical modifications. We describe optimization of POSS-PCU by dispersion of porogens (sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), sodium chloride (NaCl) and sucrose) onto the material surface, with the principle aim of increasing surface porosity, thus providing additional opportunities for improved cellular and vascular ingrowth. We assess the effect of the porogens on the material's mechanical strength, surface chemistry, wettability and cytocompatibilty. Surface porosity was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was no alteration in surface chemistry and wettability and only modest changes in mechanical properties were detected. The size of porogens correlated well with the porosity of the construct produced and larger porogens improved interconnectivity of spaces within constructs. Using primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) we demonstrate moderate in vitro cytocompatibility for all surface modifications; however, larger pores resulted in cellular aggregation. These cells were able to differentiate on POSS-PCU scaffolds. Implantation of the scaffold in vivo demonstrated that larger pore sizes favor cellular integration and vascular ingrowth. These experiments demonstrate that surface modification with large porogens can improve POSS-PCU nanocomposite scaffold integration and suggest the need to strike a balance between the non-porous surfaces required for epithelial coverage and the porous structure required for integration and vascularization of synthetic scaffolds in future construct design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Crowley
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK; UCL Centre of Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital and University College London, London, UK
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- UCL Centre of Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital and University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aikaterini Varanou
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Manuela Platé
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre of Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital and University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin A Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital and University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK.
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Controllable degradation kinetics of POSS nanoparticle-integrated poly(ε-caprolactone urea)urethane elastomers for tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15040. [PMID: 26463421 PMCID: PMC4604490 DOI: 10.1038/srep15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable elastomers are a popular choice for tissue engineering scaffolds, particularly in mechanically challenging settings (e.g. the skin). As the optimal rate of scaffold degradation depends on the tissue type to be regenerated, next-generation scaffolds must demonstrate tuneable degradation patterns. Previous investigations mainly focussed on the integration of more or less hydrolysable components to modulate degradation rates. In this study, however, the objective was to develop and synthesize a family of novel biodegradable polyurethanes (PUs) based on a poly(ε-caprolactone urea)urethane backbone integrating polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-PCLU) with varying amounts of hard segments (24%, 28% and 33% (w/v)) in order to investigate the influence of hard segment chemistry on the degradation rate and profile. PUs lacking POSS nanoparticles served to prove the important function of POSS in maintaining the mechanical structures of the PU scaffolds before, during and after degradation. Mechanical testing of degraded samples revealed hard segment-dependent modulation of the materials’ viscoelastic properties, which was attributable to (i) degradation-induced changes in the PU crystallinity and (ii) either the presence or absence of POSS. In conclusion, this study presents a facile method of controlling degradation profiles of PU scaffolds used in tissue engineering applications.
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Naghavi N, Seifalian AM, Hamilton G, de Mel A. Evaluation of experimental methods for nitric oxide release from cardiovascular implants; bypass grafts as an exemplar. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2015. [PMID: 26224643 DOI: 10.1177/1753944715596485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a great potential for nitric oxide (NO) eluting biomaterials in biomedical applications. These include the development of cardiovascular implants, wound healing products, or applications in cancer and respiratory therapy. While the potential of these materials as a therapy is becoming clearer, the real-time monitoring of NO is not easy and the success in the development of such materials depends on the accurate quantification of NO release. METHOD To emphasize on the importance of a measurement technique on the outcome of an experiment, we compared total NO released from S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d-penicillamine (SNAP) incorporated nanocomposite polymer in the form of bypass grafts under simulated physiological conditions using amperometric and chemiluminescence techniques. RESULTS We found that the total amount of NO measured by the amperometric technique was 35.8% of the theoretical amount. Similarly, on measuring NO release from the bypass grafts, we demonstrated that the chemiluminesence technique detected NO at a relatively higher level. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly demonstrate the relative difference between analysis techniques for accurate NO detection that can be applied to distinct experimental models associated with NO-eluting cardiovascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Naghavi
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UKRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - George Hamilton
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UKRoyal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- Lecturer in Regenerative Medicine, University College London, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free NHS Trust Hospital, Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK
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22
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Yildirimer L, Seifalian AM. Sterilization-Induced Changes in Surface Topography of Biodegradable POSS-PCLU and the Cellular Response of Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:614-30. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Yildirimer
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Subramanian AP, John AA, Jaganathan SK, Murugesan S, Mohandas H, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Tangible nanocomposites with diverse properties for heart valve application. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:033504. [PMID: 27877785 PMCID: PMC5099822 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease claims millions of lives every year throughout the world. Biomaterials are used widely for the treatment of this fatal disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, the use of nanocomposites has become almost inevitable in the field of biomaterials. The versatile properties of nanocomposites, such as improved durability and biocompatibility, make them an ideal choice for various biomedical applications. Among the various nanocomposites, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(carbonate-urea)urethane, bacterial cellulose with polyvinyl alcohol, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and nano-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites have gained popularity as putative choices for biomaterials in cardiovascular applications owing to their superior properties. In this review, various studies performed utilizing these nanocomposites for improving the mechanical strength, anti-calcification potential and hemocompatibility of heart valves are reviewed and summarized. The primary motive of this work is to shed light on the emerging nanocomposites for heart valve applications. Furthermore, we aim to promote the prospects of these nanocomposites in the campaign against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Aruna Priyadarshini Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Aruna John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Rubber Technology Center, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Hemanth Mohandas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Arlington, Texas, TX 76019, USA
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
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24
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Yildirimer L, Seifalian A. Tissue engineering. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118655412.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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de Mel A, Yap T, Cittadella G, Hale LR, Maghsoudlou P, de Coppi P, Birchall MA, Seifalian AM. A potential platform for developing 3D tubular scaffolds for paediatric organ development. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:141. [PMID: 25737129 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Children suffer from damaged or loss of hollow organs i.e. trachea, oesophagus or arteries from birth defects or diseases. Generally these organs possess an outer matrix consisting of collagen, elastin, and cells such as smooth muscle cells (SMC) and a luminal layer consisting of endothelial or epithelial cells, whilst presenting a barrier to luminal content. Tissue engineering research enables the construction of such organs and this study explores this possibility with a bioabsorbable nanocomposite biomaterial, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(ε-caprolactone) urea urethane (POSS-PCL).Our established methods of tubular graft extrusion were modified using a porogen-incorporated POSS-PCL and a new lamination method was explored. Porogen (40, 60 or 105 µm) were introduced to POSS-PCL, which were fabricated into a bilayered, dual topography matching the exterior and luminal interior of tubular organs. POSS-PCL with different amounts of porogen were tested for their suitability as a SMC layer by measuring optimal interactions with human adipose derived stem cells. Angiogenesis potential was tested with the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Tensile strength and burst pressures of bilayared tubular grafts were determined. Scaffolds made with 40 µm porogen demonstrated optimal adipose derived stem cell integration and the scaffolds were able to accommodate angiogenesis. Mechanical properties of the grafts confirmed their potential to match the relevant physiological and biophysical parameters. This study presents a platform for the development of hollow organs for transplantation based on POSS-PCL. These bilayered-tubular structures can be tailor-made for cellular integration and match physico-mechanical properties of physiological systems of interest. More specific luminal cell integration and sources of SMC for the external layer could be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Royal Free NHS Trust Hospital Campus, 9th Floor, Rm 355 Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK,
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Teoh GZ, Crowley C, Birchall MA, Seifalian AM. Development of resorbable nanocomposite tracheal and bronchial scaffolds for paediatric applications. Br J Surg 2015; 102:e140-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Congenital tracheal defects and prolonged intubation following premature birth have resulted in an unmet clinical need for tracheal replacement. Advances in stem cell technology, tissue engineering and material sciences have inspired the development of a resorbable, nanocomposite tracheal and bronchial scaffold.
Methods
A bifurcated scaffold was designed and constructed using a novel, resorbable nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(ϵ-caprolactone) urea urethane (POSS-PCL). Material characterization studies included tensile strength, suture retention and surface characteristics. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs) and human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured on POSS-PCL for up to 14 days, and metabolic activity and cell morphology were assessed. Quantum dots conjugated to RGD (l-arginine, glycine and l-aspartic acid) tripeptides and anticollagen type I antibody were then employed to observe cell migration throughout the scaffold.
Results
POSS-PCL exhibited good mechanical properties, and the relationship between the solid elastomer and foam elastomer of POSS-PCL was comparable to that between the cartilaginous U-shaped rings and interconnective cartilage of the native human trachea. Good suture retention was also achieved. Cell attachment and a significant, steady increase in proliferation were observed for both cell types (bmMSCs, P = 0·001; HBECs, P = 0·003). Quantum dot imaging illustrated adequate cell penetration throughout the scaffold, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
Conclusion
This mechanically viable scaffold successfully supports bmMSC and HBEC attachment and proliferation, demonstrating its potential as a tissue-engineered solution to tracheal replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Z Teoh
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, London, UK
| | - C Crowley
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M A Birchall
- Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Seifalian
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, London, UK
- University College London Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Biomimetic modified clinical-grade POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer for bypass graft applications: a preliminary assessment of endothelial cell adhesion and haemocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:400-8. [PMID: 25492004 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, there are no small internal diameter (<5mm) vascular grafts that are FDA approved for clinical use due to high failure rates from thrombosis and unwanted cell proliferation. The ideal conditions to enhance bioengineered grafts would be the blood contacting lumen of the bypass graft fully covered by endothelial cells (ECs). As a strategy towards this aim, we hypothesized that by immobilising biomolecules on the surface of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (POSS-PCU) nanocomposite polymers, which contain binding sites and ligands for cell surface receptors similar to extracellular matrix (ECM) will positively influence the attachment and proliferation of ECs. Since, the surface of POSS-PCU is inert and not directly suitable for immobilisation of biomolecules, plasma graft polymerisation is a suitable method to modify the surface properties ready for immobilisation and biofunctionalisation. METHODS POSS-PCU was activated by plasma treatment in air/O2 to from hydroperoxides (-OH, -OOH), and then carboxylated via plasma polymerisation of a 30% acrylic acid solution (Poly-AA) using a two-step plasma treatment (TSPT) process. Collagen type I, a major component of ECM, was covalently immobilised to mimic the ECM structures to ECs (5mg/ml) using a two-step chemical reaction using EDC chemistry. Successful immobilisation of poly-AA and collagen on to the nanocomposites was confirmed using Toluidine Blue staining and the Bradford assay. Un-treated POSS-PCU served as a simple control. The impact of collagen grafting on the physical, mechanical and biological properties of POSS-PCU was evaluated via contact angle (θ) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), ECs adhesion and proliferation followed by platelet adhesion and haemolysis ratio (HR) tests. RESULTS Poly-AA content on each of the plasma treated nanocomposite films increased on Low, Med and High samples due to more carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups at the surface forming amide (-NH2) bonds. The amount of -COOH groups on each of the Low, Med and High nanocomposites correlated with Poly-AA grafting density at 14.7±0.9, 18.9±0.9, and 34.2±2.4 μg/cm(2). Immobilisation of collagen type I on to nanocomposite surface was also found to increase significantly on the Low, Med and High samples from 22±4, 150±15, and 219±17 μg/cm(2), respectively. The level of ECs and their adhesion efficiency were improved with increasing amounts of grafted collagen I. The maximum adhesion of ECs was found on the highest collagen type I coated nanocomposites. Platelet adhesion and activation also increased with increasing collagen density. The obtained HR values for all of the treated samples were well within the acceptable standards for biomaterials (<5% HR). CONCLUSION Poly-AA-g-POSS-PCU surfaces offer binding sites for the covalent bonding of collagen type I and other biomolecules such as fibronectin by exposure of RGD cell binding domains and growth factors using EDC cross-linking chemistry. Collagen type I modification can yield accelerated EC growth and enhance the endothelialisation of POSS-PCU nanocomposites, and the amount of immobilised collagen can control the level of platelet adhesion on functionalized POSS-PCU via TSPT and poly acrylic acid (poly-AA) treatment. Such surface modification procedures of polymeric surfaces can improve the patency rate of POSS-PCU nanocomposites as vascular bypass grafts in the preparation of a range of medical devices ready for pre-clinical and in vivo evaluation.
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Chen L, Gong B, Wu Z, Jetton J, Chen R, Qu C. A new method using xenogeneicacellular dermal matrix in the reconstruction of lacrimal drainage. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 98:1583-7. [PMID: 25271909 PMCID: PMC4215284 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-304932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims To prospectively evaluate the reliability and efficacy of a new treatment for the reconstruction of the lacrimal duct using a new histo-engineered material, xenogeneic (bovine) acellular dermal matrix. Method Five patients (five eyes) with partial or total absence of the lacrimal duct were included in the study. Four patients (four eyes) suffered from traumatic injuries to the lacrimal duct and one patient (one eye) had congenital absence of the lacrimal drainage system. A pedal graft of conjunctiva was taken from the fornix area and rolled into a tube structure after being attached to the acellular dermal matrix. Results The average duration of follow-up for the patients was 7.2 months (ranging from 6 to 12 months). After surgery, the new duct in the nasal cavity could be observed above the middle turbinate by nasal endoscopy. Patency was confirmed by pressing in the area of the lacrimal sac and visualising air bubbles in the nasal cavity. Additionally, the meatus above the middle turbinate of the nasal cavity was stained and visualised after patients underwent Jones dye test 1 (JDT1). Five tear ducts proved to be effective through irrigation testing and epiphora symptoms were alleviated in all cases. Conclusions The newly reconstructed lacrimal duct, formed by the shift of autogenous conjunctival petal and the attachment of acellular dermal matrix, was successful in all five cases and suggests a new solution for the complex lacrimal duct lesion and congenital anomalies of the lacrimal duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jacquelyn Jetton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sedaghati T, Jell G, Seifalian A. Investigation of Schwann cell behaviour on RGD-functionalised bioabsorbable nanocomposite for peripheral nerve regeneration. N Biotechnol 2014; 31:203-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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de Mel A, Naghavi N, Cousins BG, Clatworthy I, Hamilton G, Darbyshire A, Seifalian AM. Nitric oxide-eluting nanocomposite for cardiovascular implants. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:917-929. [PMID: 24293239 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular implants must resist thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, but they are prone to such patency limiting conditions during graft implantation and prior to endothelialisation. Nitric oxide (NO) released from the endothelium has a complex protective role in the cardiovascular system, and this study has addressed: (1) in situ NO release profiles from S-nitrosothiols ((S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and (S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)) incorporated into polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanepoly(carbonate-urea)urethane (POSS-PCU) coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) in a physiological pulsatile flow, and (2) the determination of their interaction with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), smooth muscle cells, platelets, whole blood kinetics. It was found that 1, 2, and 3 wt% SNAP/GSNO incorporated into POSS-PCU-CABG successfully eluted NO, but optimal elution was evident with 2 %-SNAP-POSS-PCU. NO release determined under static conditions using the Griess assay, and in situ measurements under pulsatile flow using amperometric probe was found to differ, thus confirming the significance of monitoring NO-elution under haemodynamic conditions. 2 %-SNAP-POSS-PCU demonstrated anti-thrombogenic kinetics through thromboelastography measurements, while metabolic activity using Alamar Blue™ assay and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated greater adhesion of EPCs and reduced adhesion of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Guasti L, Vagaska B, Bulstrode NW, Seifalian AM, Ferretti P. Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells within nanocaged POSS-PCU scaffolds: A new tool for nanomedicine. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:279-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Crowley C, Birchall M, Seifalian AM. Trachea transplantation: from laboratory to patient. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:357-67. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Crowley
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and UCL Ear Institute; London UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital and UCL Ear Institute; London UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College; London UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
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A polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based bilayered dermal scaffold seeded with adipose tissue-derived stem cells: in vitro assessment of biomechanical properties. J Surg Res 2014; 188:361-72. [PMID: 24507201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although commercial skin substitutes are widely available, its use remains challenging at surgery and postoperatively. The high cost is also prohibitive. We designed and characterized a scaffold for dermal replacement, using advanced nanocomposite materials, which are known to have unique nanoscale features that enhance cellular behavior. METHODS A bilayered scaffold was developed using the nanocomposite, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, incorporated into poly(caprolactone-urea)urethane, resulting in a mechanically robust bioabsorbable polymer; forming the inner layer, which was designed with a range of porosities. The removable outer layer contained nanosilver. Tensile testing, surface tension, permeability, and scanning electron microscopy were performed. Optimal pore morphology for cellular proliferation was elucidated through adipose tissue-derived stem cell culture and a cell viability assay. All tests were repeated on Integra Dermal Regeneration Template. RESULTS The physical construct was easy to handle and clinically applicable. Macroporosity and permeability of scaffolds was demonstrated, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Both tensile strength and surface tension were comparable with skin; outer layer demonstrated hydrophobicity and inner layer showed hydrophilicity. Cell assay confirmed cellular proliferation onto the scaffold, comparable with Integra. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a porous bilayered dermal scaffold could form the basis of a new generation of skin substitute that is both mechanically robust and harbors the ability for enhancing cell regeneration.
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Patel KH, Nayyer L, Seifalian AM. Chondrogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a novel, auricular-shaped, nanocomposite scaffold. J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413516782. [PMID: 24555012 PMCID: PMC3927962 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413516782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of the human auricle remains a challenge to plastic surgeons, and current approaches are not ideal. Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative. This study aims to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a novel, auricular-shaped polymer. The proposed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified poly(hexanolactone/carbonate)urethane/urea nanocomposite polymer has already been transplanted in patients as the world's first synthetic trachea, tear duct and vascular bypass graft. The nanocomposite scaffold was fabricated via a coagulation/salt-leaching method and shaped into an auricle. Adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated, cultured and seeded onto the scaffold. On day 21, samples were sent for scanning electron microscopy, histology and immunofluorescence to assess for neocartilage formation. Cell viability assay confirmed cytocompatability and normal patterns of cellular growth at 7, 14 and 21 days after culture. This study demonstrates the potential of a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified poly(hexanolactone/carbonate)urethane/urea scaffold for culturing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in chondrogenic medium to produce an auricular-shaped construct. This is supported by scanning electron microscopy, histological and immunofluorescence analysis revealing markers of chondrogenesis including collagen type II, SOX-9, glycosaminoglycan and elastin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of stem cell application on an auricular-shaped scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. Although many obstacles remain in producing a functional auricle, this is a promising step forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavi H Patel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leila Nayyer
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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de Mel A, Ramesh B, Scurr DJ, Alexander MR, Hamilton G, Birchall M, Seifalian AM. Fumed Silica Nanoparticle Mediated Biomimicry for Optimal Cell-Material Interactions for Artificial Organ Development. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:307-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
| | - Bala Ramesh
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
| | - David J. Scurr
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis; School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis; School of Pharmacy; University of Nottingham; Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - George Hamilton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London UK
- UCL Ear Institute; Royal National Throat; Nose and Ear Hospital; London UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
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Tan A, Goh D, Farhatnia Y, G N, Lim J, Teoh SH, Rajadas J, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian AM. An anti-CD34 antibody-functionalized clinical-grade POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer for cardiovascular stent coating applications: a preliminary assessment of endothelial progenitor cell capture and hemocompatibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77112. [PMID: 24116210 PMCID: PMC3793009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ endothelialization of cardiovascular implants has emerged in recent years as an attractive means of targeting the persistent problems of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of immobilizing anti-CD34 antibodies onto a POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer surface to sequester endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human blood, and to characterize the surface properties and hemocompatibility of this surface. Amine-functionalized fumed silica was used to covalently conjugate anti-CD34 to the polymer surface. Water contact angle, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface characterization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were seeded on modified and pristine POSS-PCU polymer films. After 7 days, adhered cells were immunostained for the expression of EPC and endothelial cell markers, and assessed for the formation of EPC colonies. Hemocompatibility was assessed by thromboelastography, and platelet activation and adhesion assays. The number of EPC colonies formed on anti-CD34-coated POSS-PCU surfaces was not significantly higher than that of POSS-PCU (5.0±1.0 vs. 1.7±0.6, p>0.05). However, antibody conjugation significantly improved hemocompatibility, as seen from the prolonged reaction and clotting times, decreased angle and maximum amplitude (p<0.05), as well as decreased platelet adhesion (76.8±7.8 vs. 8.4±0.7, p<0.05) and activation. Here, we demonstrate that POSS-PCU surface immobilized anti-CD34 antibodies selectively captured CD34+ cells from peripheral blood, although only a minority of these were EPCs. Nevertheless, antibody conjugation significantly improves the hemocompatibility of POSS-PCU, and should therefore continue to be explored in combination with other strategies to improve the specificity of EPC capture to promote in situ endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Goh
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Farhatnia
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha G
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Lim
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee-Hin Teoh
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | | | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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37
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Rapid production of autologous fibrin hydrogels for cellular encapsulation in organ regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1001:145-52. [PMID: 23494426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-363-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Autologous hydrogel manufacture is an exciting technique within the field of regenerative medicine. Fibrin is a protein with many biocompatible and regenerative features. The ability to generate fibrin scaffolds with the necessary matrix topography for cell integration, from a patient's autologous tissue, could improve the translation of many tissue engineering efforts from bench to clinical application. Here we describe the rapid extraction and production of fibrin hydrogels for development of organs, using a simple low-cost series of centrifugations and ethanol precipitation, which produces hydrogels of a more predictable amount and morphology.
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38
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Farhatnia Y, Tan A, Motiwala A, Cousins BG, Seifalian AM. Evolution of covered stents in the contemporary era: clinical application, materials and manufacturing strategies using nanotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:524-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tan A, Farhatnia Y, Goh D, G N, de Mel A, Lim J, Teoh SH, Malkovskiy AV, Chawla R, Rajadas J, Cousins BG, Hamblin MR, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian AM. Surface modification of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU) nanocomposite polymer as a stent coating for enhanced capture of endothelial progenitor cells. Biointerphases 2013; 8:23. [PMID: 24706135 PMCID: PMC3979469 DOI: 10.1186/1559-4106-8-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An unmet need exists for the development of next-generation multifunctional nanocomposite
materials for biomedical applications, particularly in the field of cardiovascular
regenerative biology. Herein, we describe the preparation and characterization of a novel
polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU)
nanocomposite polymer with covalently attached anti-CD34 antibodies to enhance capture of
circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). This material may be used as a new coating
for bare metal stents used after balloon angioplasty to improve re-endothelialization.
Biophysical characterization techniques were used to assess POSS-PCU and its subsequent
functionalization with anti-CD34 antibodies. Results indicated successful covalent
attachment of anti-CD34 antibodies on the surface of POSS-PCU leading to an increased
propensity for EPC capture, whilst maintaining in vitro biocompatibility
and hemocompatibility. POSS-PCU has already been used in 3 first-in-man studies, as a
bypass graft, lacrimal duct and a bioartificial trachea. We therefore postulate that its
superior biocompatibility and unique biophysical properties would render it an ideal
candidate for coating medical devices, with stents as a prime example. Taken together,
anti-CD34 functionalized POSS-PCU could form the basis of a nano-inspired polymer platform
for the next generation stent coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,
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Nayyer L, Birchall M, Seifalian AM, Jell G. Design and development of nanocomposite scaffolds for auricular reconstruction. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:235-46. [PMID: 23792331 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Auricular reconstruction using sculpted autologous costal cartilage is effective, but complex and time consuming and may incur donor site sequelae and morbidity. Conventional synthetic alternatives are associated with infection and extrusion in up to about 15% of cases. We present a novel POSS-PCU nanocomposite auricular scaffold, which aims to reduce extrusion rates by mimicking the elastic modulus of human ears and by encouraging desirable cellular interactions. The fabrication, physicochemical properties (including nanoscale topography) and cellular interactions of these scaffolds were compared to Medpor®, the current synthetic standard. Our scaffold had a more similar elastic modulus (5.73 ± 0.17MPa) to ear cartilage (5.02 ± 0.17MPa) compared with Medpor®, which was much stiffer (140.9 ± 0.04MPa). POSS-PCU supported fibroblast ingrowth and proliferation; significantly higher collagen production was also produced by cells on the POSS-PCU than those on Medpor®. This porous POSS-PCU nanocomposite scaffold is therefore a promising alternative biomaterial for auricular surgical reconstruction. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, a novel POSS-PCU nanocomposite auricular scaffold is described to reduce extrusion rates by having a much closer elastic modulus of human ears than the currently available synthetic standard. Enabling desirable cellular interactions may lead to the successful clinical application of these novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nayyer
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Birchall
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK; Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Gavin Jell
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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41
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Shukur A, Rizvi SB, Whitehead D, Seifalian A, Azzawi M. Altered sensitivity to nitric oxide donors, induced by intravascular infusion of quantum dots, in murine mesenteric arteries. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Oseni AO, Butler PE, Seifalian AM. The application of POSS nanostructures in cartilage tissue engineering: the chondrocyte response to nanoscale geometry. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:E27-38. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelola O. Oseni
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; UK
| | - Peter E. Butler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
| | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine; University College London; UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science; London UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital; London UK
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43
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Cittadella G, de Mel A, Dee R, De Coppi P, Seifalian AM. Arterial Tissue Regeneration for Pediatric Applications: Inspiration From Up-to-Date Tissue-Engineered Vascular Bypass Grafts. Artif Organs 2013; 37:423-34. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cittadella
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London; UK
| | - Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London; UK
| | - Ryan Dee
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine; University College London; London; UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital; University College London; London; UK
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Goh D, Tan A, Farhatnia Y, Rajadas J, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian AM. Nanotechnology-Based Gene-Eluting Stents. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1279-98. [DOI: 10.1021/mp3006616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Goh
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
- UCL Medical School, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
- UCL Medical School, University
College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Farhatnia
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Alexander M. Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation
Trust, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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Prządka D, Jęczalik J, Andrzejewska E, Marciniec B, Dutkiewicz M, Szłapka M. Novel hybrid polyurethane/POSS materials via bulk polymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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de Mel A, Oh JT, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM. Biofunctionalized quantum dots for live monitoring of stem cells: applications in regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2012; 7:335-47. [PMID: 22594327 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to live monitor the degree of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) integration onto tissue-engineering scaffolds by conjugating relevant antibodies to quantum dots (QDs). MATERIALS & METHODS Biocompatible mercaptosuccinic acid-coated QDs were functionalized with two different antibodies to EPC (CD133 with QDs of 640 nm wavelength [λ] and later-stage mature EPCs; and von Willebrand factor with QDs of λ595 and λ555 nm) using conventional carbomide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Biofunctionalization was characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cell viability assays and gross morphology observations confirmed cytocompatibility and normal patterns of celluar growth. The antigens corresponding to each state of cell maturation were determined using a single excitation at λ488 nm. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of antibody-QD conjugates were biocompatible, hemocompatible and determined the state of EPC transformation to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Antibody-functionalized QDs suggest new applications in tissue engineering of polymer-based implants where cell integration can potentially be monitored without requiring the sacrifice of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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Tan A, Madani SY, Rajadas J, Pastorin G, Seifalian AM. Synergistic photothermal ablative effects of functionalizing carbon nanotubes with a POSS-PCU nanocomposite polymer. J Nanobiotechnology 2012; 10:34. [PMID: 22849373 PMCID: PMC3477013 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine represents a significant paradigm shift in the approach to the treatment of cancer. Evidence suggests that when exposed to near-infrared radiation (NIR), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dissipate a substantial amount of heat energy. We have developed a novel nanocomposite polymer, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly (carbonate-urea) urethane (POSS-PCU). POSS-PCU displays excellent biocompatibility and has been used in making artificial organs as well as protective coatings for medical devices. RESULTS Functionalizing (or "coating") CNTs with POSS-PCU confers biocompatibility and increase the amount of heat energy generated, by enhancing dispersion. Here we demonstrate that POSS-PCU-functionalized multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) act synergistically together when exposed to NIR to thermally ablate cancer cells. CONCLUSION Given that POSS-PCU has already been used in human in first-in-man studies as trachea, lacrimal duct, bypass graft and other organs, our long-term goal is to take POSS-PCU coated CNTs to clinical studies to address the treatment of cancer by optimizing its therapeutic index and increasing its specificity via antibody conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Seyed Yazdan Madani
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Biomaterials & Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2QG, UK
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Oseni A, Seifalian A. Nanotechnology and tissue-engineered organ regeneration. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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