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Ma H, Hao J, Li W, Yu K, Zhu K, Yang M, Cao S, Xue H, Liu D, Song Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Sun Z, Gao X. Evaluation of feline mesenchymal stem cell susceptibility to feline viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18598. [PMID: 39127765 PMCID: PMC11316800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) are well known for their robust differentiation capabilities and are commonly used in studying immune-related diseases in cats. Despite their importance, the susceptibility of fMSCs to viral infections remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the susceptibility of feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fAD-MSCs) and feline umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fUC-MSCs) to common feline viruses, including feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). The results demonstrated that both FCoV and FHV-1 were able to infect both types of cells, while FPV did not exhibit cytopathic effects on fUC-MSCs. Furthermore, all three viruses were successfully isolated from fAD-MSCs. These findings suggest that certain feline viruses can replicate in fMSCs, indicating potential limitations in using fMSCs for treating viral diseases caused by these specific viruses. This study has important clinical implications for veterinarians, particularly in the management of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Ma
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Jingrui Hao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Weijian Li
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Kunru Zhu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Shuoning Cao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Haowen Xue
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yanhao Song
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Gholami Farashah MS, Mohammadi A, Javadi M, Soleimani Rad J, Shakouri SK, Meshgi S, Roshangar L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells' osteogenic potential: superiority or non-superiority to other sources of mesenchymal stem cells? Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:663-681. [PMID: 36622494 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal problems are an increasing issue due to the increase in the global aging population. Different statistics reports show that today, the global population is aging that results in skeletal problems, increased health system costs, and even higher mortality associated with skeletal problems. Common treatments such as surgery and bone grafts are not always effective and in some cases, they can even cause secondary problems such as infections or improper repair. Cell therapy is a method that can be utilized along with common treatments independently. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a very important and efficient source in terms of different diseases, especially bone problems. These cells are present in different tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, placenta, dental pulp, peripheral blood, amniotic fluid and others. Among the types of MSCs, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are the most widely used source of these cells, which have appeared to be very effective and promising in terms of skeletal diseases, especially compared to the other sources of MSCs. This study focuses on the specific potential and content of BMMSCs from which the specific capacity of these cells originates, and compares their osteogenic potential with other types of MSCs, and also the future directions in the application of BMMSCs as a source for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Gholami Farashah
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mohammadi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimani Rad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Shakouri
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahla Meshgi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as theranostic gene: potential role in pre-clinical therapy of extra-thyroidal malignancies. Clin Transl Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-023-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Rumman M, Dhawan J. PTPRU, a quiescence-induced receptor tyrosine phosphatase negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:41-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Liu X, Zhan Y, Xu W, Liu L, Liu X, Da J, Zhang K, Zhang X, Wang J, Liu Z, Jin H, Zhang B, Li Y. Characterization of transcriptional landscape in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells treated with aspirin by RNA-seq. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12819. [PMID: 35127290 PMCID: PMC8793730 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin is a common antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory drug, which has been reported to extend life in animal models and application in the treatment of aging-related diseases. However, it remains unclear about the effects of aspirin on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Here, we aimed to analyze the influence of aspirin on senescence and young BM-MSCs. METHODS BM-MSCs were serially passaged to construct a replicative senescence model. SA-β-gal staining, PCR, western blot, and RNA-sequencing were performed on BM-MSCs with or without aspirin treatment, to examine aspirin's impact on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS SA-β-gal staining, PCR, and western blot revealed that aspirin could alleviate the cellular expression of senescence-related indicators of BM-MSCs, including a decrease of SA-β-gal-positive cells and staining intensity, and downregulation of p16, p21, and p53 expression after aspirin treatment. RNA-sequencing results shown in the biological processes related to aging, aspirin could influence cellular immune response and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION The efficacy of aspirin for retarding senescence of BM-MSCs was demonstrated. Our study indicated that the mechanisms of this delay might involve influencing immune response and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanbo Zhan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Da
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Jin
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Kapetanos K, Asimakopoulos D, Christodoulou N, Vogt A, Khan W. Chronological Age Affects MSC Senescence In Vitro-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157945. [PMID: 34360725 PMCID: PMC8348192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is well established, given their properties of self-renewal and differentiation. However, several studies have shown that these properties diminish with age, and understanding the pathways involved are important to provide regenerative therapies in an ageing population. In this PRISMA systematic review, we investigated the effects of chronological donor ageing on the senescence of MSCs. We identified 3023 studies after searching four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Medline. Nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. These studies showed an increase in the expression of p21, p53, p16, ROS, and NF-κB with chronological age. This implies an activated DNA damage response (DDR), as well as increased levels of stress and inflammation in the MSCs of older donors. Additionally, highlighting the effects of an activated DDR in cells from older donors, a decrease in the expression of proliferative markers including Ki67, MAPK pathway elements, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway elements was observed. Furthermore, we found an increase in the levels of SA-β-galactosidase, a specific marker of cellular senescence. Together, these findings support an association between chronological age and MSC senescence. The precise threshold for chronological age where the reported changes become significant is yet to be defined and should form the basis for further scientific investigations. The outcomes of this review should direct further investigations into reversing the biological effects of chronological age on the MSC senescence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kapetanos
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2SP, UK; (D.A.); (N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-357-9664-9787
| | | | | | - Antonia Vogt
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.); (W.K.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.V.); (W.K.)
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Natesan V, Kim SJ. Diabetic Nephropathy - a Review of Risk Factors, Progression, Mechanism, and Dietary Management. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:365-372. [PMID: 33888647 PMCID: PMC8255138 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to many health problems like diabetic nephropathy (DN). One of the key factors for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is T2DM. Extensive work is being done to delineate the pathogenesis of DN and to extend possible remedies. This review is intended to understand the nature of DN risk factors, progression, effects of glycemic levels, and stages of DN. We also explored the novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for DN such as gene therapy and stem cell treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Natesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Shi S, Li F, Wu L, Zhang L, Liu L. Feasibility of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Synthetic Radiosensitive Promoter-Combined Sodium Iodide Symporter for Radiogenetic Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:828-838. [PMID: 33339472 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, most patients relapse within 12-24 months, and eventually die, especially platinum-resistant patients. Gene therapy has been one of the most potential methods for tumor treatment. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used for systemic delivery of therapeutic genes to solid tumors. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein and can concentrate 131I, which is important for radionuclide therapy and nuclear medicine imaging in recent years. However, the rapid iodine efflux has become a bottleneck for NIS-mediated radionuclide gene therapy. Our previous studies found that the early growth response-1 (Egr1) promoter containing CC(A/T)6GG (CArG) elements had an 131I radiation-positive feedback effect on the NIS gene. Other research showed the synthesized Egr1 promoter containing four CArG elements, E4, was nearly three times as sensitive as the Egr1 promoter. In our study, BMSC-E4-NIS was engineered to express NIS under the control of E4 promoter using lentivirial vectors. After BMSC-E4-NIS implantation, no tumors were seen in BALB/c nude mice and BMSC-E4-NIS did not promote the growth of SKOV3 tumor. BMSCs migrated toward ovarian cancer samples in chemotaxis assays and to ovarian tumors in mice. Using micro-single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging, we found that E4 promoter produced a notable increase in 125I uptake after 131I irradiation, the radionuclide uptake is almost three and six times more than Egr1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoters. These studies confirmed the feasibility of using BMSCs as carriers for lentivirus-mediated E4-NIS gene therapy for ovarian cancer. Further research on BMSC-E4-NIS gene therapy for ovarian cancer in vivo will also be carried on, and if successful, this might provide a new adjuvant therapeutical option for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients and provide a new method for dynamic evaluation of curative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangcai Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bijonowski BM, Yuan X, Jeske R, Li Y, Grant SC. Cyclical aggregation extends in vitro expansion potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20448. [PMID: 33235227 PMCID: PMC7686385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has shown great promises in various animal disease models. However, this therapeutic potency has not been well claimed when applied to human clinical trials. This is due to both the availability of MSCs at the time of administration and lack of viable expansion strategies. MSCs are very susceptible to in vitro culture environment and tend to adapt the microenvironment which could lead to cellular senescence and aging. Therefore, extended in vitro expansion induces loss of MSC functionality and its clinical relevance. To combat this effect, this work assessed a novel cyclical aggregation as a means of expanding MSCs to maintain stem cell functionality. The cyclical aggregation consists of an aggregation phase and an expansion phase by replating the dissociated MSC aggregates onto planar tissue culture surfaces. The results indicate that cyclical aggregation maintains proliferative capability, stem cell proteins, and clonogenicity, and prevents the acquisition of senescence. To determine why aggregation was responsible for this phenomenon, the integrated stress response pathway was probed with salubrial and GSK-2606414. Treatment with salubrial had no significant effect, while GSK-2606414 mitigated the effects of aggregation leading to in vitro aging. This method holds the potential to increase the clinical relevance of MSC therapeutic effects from small model systems (such as rats and mice) to humans, and may open the potential of patient-derived MSCs for treatment thereby removing the need for immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Bijonowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
- University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Samuel C Grant
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Coccè V, Bonomi A, Cavicchini L, Sisto F, Giannì A, Farronato G, Alessandri G, Petrella F, Sordi V, Parati E, Bondiolotti G, Paino F, Pessina A. Paclitaxel Priming of TRAIL Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs-TRAIL) Increases Antitumor Efficacy of Their Secretome. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-111520. [PMID: 33200709 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116112153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue derived MSCs engineered with the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand protein (MSCs-TRAIL) have a significant anticancer activity. MSCs, without any genetic modifications, exposed to high doses of chemotherapeutic agents are able to uptake the drug and release it in amount affecting tumor proliferation. The purpose of this study was to verify the ability of MSCs-TRAIL to uptake and release paclitaxel (PTX) by providing an increased antitumor efficacy. METHODS MSCs and MSCs-TRAIL were tested for their sensitivity to Paclitaxel (PTX) by MTT assay and the cells were loaded with PTX according to a standardized procedure. The secretome was analysed by HPLC for the presence of PTX, microarray assay for soluble TRAIL (s-TRAIL) and tested for in vitro anticancer activity. RESULTS MSCs-TRAIL were resistant to PTX and able to incorporate and then release the drug. The secretion of s-TRAIL by PTX loaded MSCs-TRAIL was not inhibited and the PTX delivery together with s-TRAIL secretion resulted into an increased antitumor efficacy of cell secretoma as tested in vitro on human pancreatic carcinoma (CFPAC-1) and glioblastoma (U87-MG). CONCLUSIONS Our result is the first demonstration of the possible merging of two new MSCs therapy approaches based on genetic manipulation and drug delivery. If confirmed in vivo, this could potentiate the efficacy of MSCs-TRAIL and strongly contribute to reduce the toxicity due to the systemic treatment of PTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Coccè
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Arianna Bonomi
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Loredana Cavicchini
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Francesca Sisto
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Aldo Giannì
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano. Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan. Italy
| | - Francesco Petrella
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute; San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan. Italy
| | - Eugenio Parati
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, IRCCS Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan. Italy
| | - Gianpietro Bondiolotti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan. Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- CRC StaMeTec, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan. Italy
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Berg von Linde M, Johansson K, Kruse R, Helenius G, Samano N, Friberg Ö, Frøbert AM, Fröbert O. Expression of Paracrine Effectors in Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Treated With Plasma From Brown Bears (Ursus arctos). Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:317-325. [PMID: 32949228 PMCID: PMC7877842 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are promising candidates for novel cell therapeutic applications. Hibernating brown bears sustain tissue integrity and function via unknown mechanisms, which might be plasma borne. We hypothesized that plasma from hibernating bears may increase the expression of favorable factors from human ADSCs. In an experimental study, ADSCs from patients with ischemic heart disease were treated with interventional media containing plasma from hibernating and active bears, respectively, and with control medium. Extracted RNA from the ADSCs was sequenced using next generation sequencing. Statistical analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed using fold change analysis, pathway analysis, and gene ontology. As a result, we found that genes associated with inflammation, such as IGF1, PGF, IL11, and TGFA, were downregulated by > 10‐fold in ADSCs treated with winter plasma compared with control. Genes important for cardiovascular development, ADM, ANGPTL4, and APOL3, were upregulated in ADSCs when treated with winter plasma compared with summer plasma. ADSCs treated with bear plasma, regardless if it was from hibernating or active bears, showed downregulation of IGF1, PGF, IL11, INHBA, IER3, and HMOX1 compared with control, suggesting reduced cell growth and differentiation. This can be summarized in the conclusion that plasma from hibernating bears suppresses inflammatory genes and activates genes associated with cardiovascular development in human ADSCs. Identifying the involved regulator(s) holds therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Johansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,iRiSC - Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gisela Helenius
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ninos Samano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Örjan Friberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anne Mette Frøbert
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Wang Y, Guo YF, Fu GP, Guan C, Zhang X, Yang DG, Shi YC. Protective effect of miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells of old rats on renal function in chronic kidney disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:274. [PMID: 32641100 PMCID: PMC7346413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in the prevention of cell and tissue fibrosis. Senescence may decrease the function of MSCs during recovery from tissue and organ damage. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from MSCs contribute to the repair of kidney injury. We explored the influence of senescence on EVs derived from MSCs (MSC-EVs) and detected the protective effects of MSC-EVs expressing low levels of miR-294/miR-133 derived from old rats against chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The effects of MSC-EVs derived from 3-month-old and 18-month-old male Fisher 344 rats on renal fibrosis were explored in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. pLV-miR-294/pLV-miR-133 mimic/inhibitor were injected into young and old rats before UUO to detect the effects of miR-294/miR-133, which were decreased in MSC-EVs and sera from old rats, on renal function in CKD. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK2) cells were used to imitate the pathological process of renal fibrosis in vitro. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of epithelial/mesenchymal markers and phosphorylation of proteins in HK2 cells. Results The inhibition of UUO-induced CKD by MSC-EVs was weaker in old rats than in young rats. Downregulation of miRNAs (miR-294 and miR-133) in both MSC-EVs and sera from old rats obviously attenuated UUO-induced renal injury in old rats. miR-294 and miR-133 overexpression mitigated TGF-β1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HK2 cells, and the obvious increase in the phosphorylation of both SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 induced by TGF-β1 was prevented in miR-294- and miR-133-overexpressing HK2 cells. Conclusions The ability of MSC-EVs to inhibit renal fibrosis decreased with age. miR-294/miR-133 in MSC-EVs and sera had an important effect on renal fibrosis in old rats and on EMT in HK2 cells. Furthermore, miR-294/miR-133 overexpression prevented SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HK2 cells during TGF-β1-mediated EMT. These findings show that miR-294/miR-133 may be therapeutic in renal fibrosis and related renal dysfunction in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Yi Fang Guo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guang Ping Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Guan
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Northern College, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | | | - Yun Cong Shi
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lange-Consiglio A, Romele P, Magatti M, Silini A, Idda A, Martino NA, Cremonesi F, Parolini O. Priming with inflammatory cytokines is not a prerequisite to increase immune-suppressive effects and responsiveness of equine amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:99. [PMID: 32131892 PMCID: PMC7055152 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without priming. Additionally, AMSC immunogenicity was assessed by expression of MHCI and MHCII and their ability to counteract the in vitro inflammatory process. METHODS Horse PBMC proliferation was induced with phytohemagglutinin. AMSC priming was performed with 10 ng/ml of TNF-α, 100 ng/ml of IFN-γ, and a combination of 5 ng/ml of TNF-α and 50 ng/ml of IFN-γ. The CM generated from naïve unprimed and primed AMSCs was also tested to evaluate its effects on equine endometrial cells in an in vitro inflammatory model induced by LPS. Immunogenicity marker expression (MHCI and II) was evaluated by qRT-PCR and by flow cytometry. RESULTS Priming does not increase MHCI and II expression. Furthermore, the inhibition of PBMC proliferation was comparable between naïve and conditioned cells, with the exception of AMSCs primed with both TNF-α and IFN-γ that had a reduced capacity to inhibit T cell proliferation. However, AMSC viability was lower after priming than under other experimental conditions. CM from naïve and primed AMSCs strongly inhibited PBMC proliferation and counteracted the inflammatory process, rescuing about 65% of endometrial cells treated by LPS. CONCLUSION AMSCs and their CM have a strong capacity to inhibit PBMC proliferation, and priming is not necessary to improve their immunosuppressive activity or reactivity in an inflammatory in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lange-Consiglio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Pietro Romele
- Centro Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia, Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia, Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonietta Silini
- Centro Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia, Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Idda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Martino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Turin, Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza di Brescia, Via Bissolati 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Life Scince and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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14
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Lin H, Beck AM, Shimomura K, Sohn J, Fritch MR, Deng Y, Kilroy EJ, Tang Y, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Optimization of photocrosslinked gelatin/hyaluronic acid hybrid scaffold for the repair of cartilage defect. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1418-1429. [PMID: 31066519 PMCID: PMC6739828 DOI: 10.1002/term.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There is no therapy currently available for fully repairing articular cartilage lesions. Our laboratory has recently developed a visible light-activatable methacrylated gelatin (mGL) hydrogel, with the potential for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we further optimized mGL scaffolds by supplementing methacrylated hyaluronic acid (mHA), which has been shown to stimulate chondrogenesis via activation of critical cellular signalling pathways. We hypothesized that the introduction of an optimal ratio of mHA would enhance the biological properties of mGL scaffolds and augment chondrogenesis of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). To test this hypothesis, hybrid scaffolds consisting of mGL and mHA at different weight ratios were fabricated with hBMSCs encapsulated at 20 × 106 cells/ml and maintained in a chondrogenesis-promoting medium. The chondrogenenic differentiation of hBMSCs, within different scaffolds, was estimated after 8 weeks of culture. Our results showed that mGL/mHA at a 9:1 (%, w/v) ratio resulted in the lowest hBMSC hypertrophy and highest glycosaminoglycan production, with a slightly increased volume of the entire construct. The applicability of this optimally designed mGL/mHA hybrid scaffold for cartilage repair was then examined in vivo. A full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defect was surgically created in the rabbit femoral condyle, and a three-dimensional cell-biomaterial construct was fabricated by in situ photocrosslinking to fully fill the lesion site. The results showed that implantation of the mGL/mHA (9:1) construct resulted in both cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration after 12 weeks, supporting its use as a promising scaffold for repair and resurfacing of articular cartilage defects, in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela M. Beck
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madalyn R. Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan J. Kilroy
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter G. Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Lamas JR, García-Fernández C, Tornero-Esteban P, Lópiz Y, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Ortega L, Fernández-Gutiérrez B, Marco F. Adverse effects of xenogenic scaffolding in the context of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study for repairing full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Trials 2019; 20:387. [PMID: 31262366 PMCID: PMC6604436 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to compare the safety and efficacy of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in a xenogenic scaffold for repairing the supraspinatus tendon. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial evaluating patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears (Eudra-CT, 2007-007630-19). Effectiveness was evaluated using the Constant score and a visual analogue pain scale (VAS). Constant score has four domains including pain (15 possible points), activities of daily living (20 possible points), mobility (40 possible points), and strength (25 possible points). Scores range from 0 points (most disability) to 100 points (least disability). The structural integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to Patte and Thomazeau classification criteria. The primary study end point was an improvement in the Constant score by 20 points at one year compared to initial assessment. RESULTS The trial was stopped due to adverse effects observed in both groups. Only thirteen patients were included and analyzed. The Constant questionnaire showed a significant improvement in the MSC treatment group compared with the preoperative data (p = 0.0073). Secondary outcome measures were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed preliminary inconclusive clinical outcomes in the patients treated with MSCs. Adverse events revealed the need for further approaches using scaffolds of a different nature or perhaps no scaffolds, in the context of small joints. TRIAL REGISTRATION Eudra-CT, 2007-007630-19 . Registered on 30 January 2008. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE A Level 1 of evidence treatment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Lamas
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Fernández
- UGC de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Tornero-Esteban
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaiza Lópiz
- UGC de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ortega
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benjamín Fernández-Gutiérrez
- UGC de Reumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Marco
- UGC de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Sun AX, Prest TA, Fowler JR, Brick RM, Gloss KM, Li X, DeHart M, Shen H, Yang G, Brown BN, Alexander PG, Tuan RS. Conduits harnessing spatially controlled cell-secreted neurotrophic factors improve peripheral nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2019; 203:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Qian Z, Sharma D, Jia W, Radke D, Kamp T, Zhao F. Engineering stem cell cardiac patch with microvascular features representative of native myocardium. Theranostics 2019; 9:2143-2157. [PMID: 31149034 PMCID: PMC6531308 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural myocardium is a highly aligned tissue with an oriented vasculature. Its characteristic cellular as well as nanoscale extracellular matrix (ECM) organization along with an oriented vascular network ensures appropriate blood supply and functional performance. Although significant efforts have been made to develop anisotropic cardiac structure, currently neither an ideal biomaterial nor an effective vascularization strategy to engineer oriented and high-density capillary-like microvessels has been achieved for clinical cardiovascular therapies. A naturally derived oriented ECM nanofibrous scaffold mimics the physiological structure and components of tissue ECM and guides neovascular network formation. The objective of this study was to create an oriented and dense microvessel network with physiological myocardial microvascular features. METHODS Highly aligned decellularized human dermal fibroblast sheets were used as ECM scaffold to regulate physiological alignment of microvascular networks by co-culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). The influence of topographical features on hMSC and EC interaction was investigated to understand underlying mechanisms of neovasculature formation. RESULTS Results demonstrate that the ECM topography can be translated to ECs via CD166 tracks and significantly improved hMSC-EC crosstalk and vascular network formation. The aligned ECM nanofibers enhanced structure, length, and density of microvascular networks compared to randomly organized nanofibrous ECM. Moreover, hMSC-EC co-culture promoted secretion of pro-angiogenic growth factors and matrix remodeling via metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) activation, which resulted in highly dense vascular network formation with intercapillary distance (20 μm) similar to the native myocardium. CONCLUSION HMSC-EC co-culture on the highly aligned ECM generates physiologically oriented and dense microvascular network, which holds great potential for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Daniel Radke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Timothy Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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18
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Zhang C, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yue Q, Li L, Chen Y, Lu S, Teng Z. SEMA3B-AS1-inhibited osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells revealed by quantitative proteomics analysis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2491-2499. [PMID: 30317552 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are fibroblastoid multipotent adult stem cells with capacities of differentiation into osteoblasts and chondrocytes and show great potential in new bone formation and bone repair-related clinical settings, such as osteoporosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in various biological processes. Here, we report an antisense lncRNA SEMA3B-AS1 regulating hMSCs osteogenesis. SEMA3B-AS1 is proximal to a member of the semaphorin family Sema3b. Overexpression of SEMA3B-AS1 using the lentivirus system markedly inhibits the proliferation of hMSCs and meanwhile reduces osteogenic differentiation. Using a comprehensive proteomic technique named isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation, we found that SEMA3B-AS1 significantly alters the process of osteogenesis through downregulating the expression of proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, while increasing the expression of proteins in the spliceosome. Collectively, we find that SEMA3B-AS1 is a target for controlling osteogenesis of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Health Screening Center, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yugang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Xiguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Qiaoning Yue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Medical Research Center, Wuhan GeneCreate Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yatang Chen
- Medical Research Center, Wuhan GeneCreate Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital, PLA, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yuxi City, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
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19
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Lekishvili T, Campbell JJ. Rapid comparative immunophenotyping of human mesenchymal stromal cells by a modified fluorescent cell barcoding flow cytometric assay. Cytometry A 2017; 93:905-915. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Crivelli B, Chlapanidas T, Perteghella S, Lucarelli E, Pascucci L, Brini AT, Ferrero I, Marazzi M, Pessina A, Torre ML. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell extracellular vesicles: From active principle to next generation drug delivery system. J Control Release 2017; 262:104-117. [PMID: 28736264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the biological effector of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is their secretome, which is composed of a heterogeneous pool of bioactive molecules, partially enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, the MSC secretome (including EVs) has been recently proposed as possible alternative to MSC therapy. The secretome can be considered as a protein-based biotechnological product, it is probably safer compared with living/cycling cells, it presents virtually lower tumorigenic risk, and it can be handled, stored and sterilized as an Active Pharmaceutical/Principle Ingredient (API). EVs retain some structural and technological analogies with synthetic drug delivery systems (DDS), even if their potential clinical application is also limited by the absence of reproducible/scalable isolation methods and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant procedures. Notably, EVs secreted by MSCs preserve some of their parental cell features such as homing, immunomodulatory and regenerative potential. This review focuses on MSCs and their EVs as APIs, as well as DDS, considering their ability to reach inflamed and damaged tissues and to prolong the release of encapsulated drugs. Special attention is devoted to the illustration of innovative therapeutic approaches in which nanomedicine is successfully combined with stem cell therapy, thus creating a novel class of "next generation drug delivery systems."
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Crivelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Theodora Chlapanidas
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sara Perteghella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticular Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Veterinary Medicine Department, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Anna Teresa Brini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20100 Milan, Italy; I.R.C.C.S. Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Paediatric Onco-Haematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy; Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Mario Marazzi
- Tissue Therapy Unit, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy.
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Preferential Lineage-Specific Differentiation of Osteoblast-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Osteoprogenitors. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1513281. [PMID: 28250775 PMCID: PMC5303871 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1513281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great clinical promise, one hurdle that remains is the existence of a parental germ-layer memory in reprogrammed cells leading to preferential differentiation fates. While it is problematic for generating cells vastly different from the reprogrammed cells' origins, it could be advantageous for the reliable generation of germ-layer specific cell types for future therapeutic use. Here we use human osteoblast-derived iPSCs (hOB-iPSCs) to generate induced osteoprogenitors (iOPs). Osteoblasts were successfully reprogrammed and demonstrated by endogenous upregulation of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, TRA-1-81, TRA-16-1, SSEA3, and confirmatory hPSC Scorecard Algorithmic Assessment. The hOB-iPSCs formed embryoid bodies with cells of ectoderm and mesoderm but have low capacity to form endodermal cells. Differentiation into osteoprogenitors occurred within only 2-6 days, with a population doubling rate of less than 24 hrs; however, hOB-iPSC derived osteoprogenitors were only able to form osteogenic and chondrogenic cells but not adipogenic cells. Consistent with this, hOB-iOPs were found to have higher methylation of PPARγ but similar levels of methylation on the RUNX2 promoter. These data demonstrate that iPSCs can be generated from human osteoblasts, but variant methylation patterns affect their differentiation capacities. Therefore, epigenetic memory can be exploited for efficient generation of clinically relevant quantities of osteoprogenitor cells.
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Chen C, Chen F, Yao C, Shu S, Feng J, Hu X, Hai Q, Yao S, Chen X. Intrathecal Injection of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:3250-3260. [PMID: 27655256 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a clinically incurable disease with miscellaneous causes, complicated mechanisms and available therapies show poor curative effect. Some recent studies have indicated that neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the occurrence and promotion of NP and anti-inflammatory therapy has the potential to relieve the pain. During the past decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with properties of multipotentiality, low immunogenicity and anti-inflammatory activity have showed excellent therapeutic effects in cell therapy from animal models to clinical application, thus aroused great attention. However there are no reports about the effect of intrathecal human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) on NP which is induced by peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, in this study, intrathecally transplanted HUC-MSCs were utilized to examine the effect on neuropathic pain induced by a rat model with spinal nerve ligation (SNL), so as to explore the possible mechanism of those effects. As shown in the results, the HUC-MSCs transplantation obviously ameliorated SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which was related to the inhibiting process of neuroinflammation, including the suppression of activated astrocytes and microglia, as well as the significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Interleukin -17A (IL-17A) and the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin -10 (IL-10). Therefore, through the effect on glial cells, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine, the targeting intrathecal HUC-MSCs may offer a novel treatment strategy for NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengfeng Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengye Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaofang Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Henyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Henyang, China
| | - Quan Hai
- Sichuan Province Regenerative Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sun AX, Numpaisal PO, Gottardi R, Shen H, Yang G, Tuan RS. Cell and Biomimetic Scaffold-Based Approaches for Cartilage Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.oto.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Chiang CY, Liu SA, Sheu ML, Chen FC, Chen CJ, Su HL, Pan HC. Feasibility of Human Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells in Alleviation of Neuropathic Pain in Chronic Constrictive Injury Nerve Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159482. [PMID: 27441756 PMCID: PMC4956194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The neurobehavior of neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve is very similar to that in humans, and it is accompanied by a profound local inflammation response. In this study, we assess the potentiality of human amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) for alleviating the neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction nerve injury model. Methods and Methods This neuropathic pain animal model was conducted by four 3–0 chromic gut ligatures loosely ligated around the left sciatic nerve in Sprague—Dawley rats. The intravenous administration of hAFMSCs with 5x105 cells was conducted for three consecutive days. Results The expression IL-1β, TNF-α and synaptophysin in dorsal root ganglion cell culture was remarkably attenuated when co-cultured with hAFMSCs. The significant decrease of PGP 9.5 in the skin after CCI was restored by administration of hAFMSCs. Remarkably increased expression of CD 68 and TNF-α and decreased S-100 and neurofilament expression in injured nerve were rescued by hAFMSCs administration. Increases in synaptophysin and TNF-α over the dorsal root ganglion were attenuated by hAFMSCs. Significant expression of TNF-α and OX-42 over the dorsal spinal cord was substantially attenuated by hAFMSCs. The increased amplitude of sensory evoked potential as well as expression of synaptophysin and TNF-α expression was alleviated by hAFMSCs. Human AFMSCs significantly improved the threshold of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia as well as various parameters of CatWalk XT gait analysis. Conclusion Human AFMSCs administration could alleviate the neuropathic pain demonstrated in histomorphological alteration and neurobehavior possibly through the modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-An Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Ling Sheu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- Institute of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chuan Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Senescence in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functional Changes and Implications in Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071164. [PMID: 27447618 PMCID: PMC4964536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is extensively interested in developing cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with applications to several aging-associated diseases. For successful therapies, a substantial number of cells are needed, requiring extensive ex vivo cell expansion. However, MSC proliferation is limited and it is quite likely that long-term culture evokes continuous changes in MSCs. Therefore, a substantial proportion of cells may undergo senescence. In the present review, we will first present the phenotypic characterization of senescent human MSCs (hMSCs) and their possible consequent functional alterations. The accumulation of oxidative stress and dysregulation of key differentiation regulatory factors determine decreased differentiation potential of senescent hMSCs. Senescent hMSCs also show a marked impairment in their migratory and homing ability. Finally, many factors present in the secretome of senescent hMSCs are able to exacerbate the inflammatory response at a systemic level, decreasing the immune modulation activity of hMSCs and promoting either proliferation or migration of cancer cells. Considering the deleterious effects that these changes could evoke, it would appear of primary importance to monitor the occurrence of senescent phenotype in clinically expanded hMSCs and to evaluate possible ways to prevent in vitro MSC senescence. An updated critical presentation of the possible strategies for in vitro senescence monitoring and prevention constitutes the second part of this review. Understanding the mechanisms that drive toward hMSC growth arrest and evaluating how to counteract these for preserving a functional stem cell pool is of fundamental importance for the development of efficient cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Hagenhoff A, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y, von Lüttichau I, Niess H, Spitzweg C, Nelson PJ. Harnessing mesenchymal stem cell homing as an anticancer therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1079-92. [PMID: 27270211 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1196179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that have been exploited as vehicles for cell-based cancer therapy. The general approach is based on the innate potential of adoptively applied MSC to undergo facilitated recruitment to malignant tissue. MSC from different tissue sources have been engineered using a variety of therapy genes that have shown efficacy in solid tumor models. AREAS COVERED In this review we will focus on the current developments of MSC-based gene therapy, in particular the diverse approaches that have been used for MSCs-targeted tumor therapy. We also discuss some outstanding issues and general prospects for their clinical application. EXPERT OPINION The use of modified mesenchymal stem cells as therapy vehicles for the treatment of solid tumors has progressed to the first generation of clinical trials, but the general field is still in its infancy. There are many questions that need to be addressed if this very complex therapy approach is widely applied in clinical settings. More must be understood about the mechanisms underlying tumor tropism and we need to identify the optimal source of the cells used. Outstanding issues also include the therapy transgenes used, and which tumor types represent viable targets for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hagenhoff
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- b Department of Surgery , Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Irene von Lüttichau
- a Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Oncology Center, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University , Munich , Germany
| | - Hanno Niess
- c Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- d Department of Internal Medicine II , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- e Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
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Baker N, Sohn J, Tuan RS. Promotion of human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis by PI3-kinase/Akt signaling, and the influence of caveolin-1/cholesterol homeostasis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:238. [PMID: 26626726 PMCID: PMC4667507 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells are considered an important resource for tissue repair and regeneration. Their utilization in regenerative medicine will be aided by mechanistic insight into their responsiveness to external stimuli. It is likely that, similar to all other cells, an initial determinant of stem cell responsiveness to external stimuli is the organization of signaling molecules in cell membrane rafts. The clustering of signaling molecules in these cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains can affect the activity, specificity, cross-talk and amplification of cell signaling. Membrane rafts fall into two broad categories, non-caveolar and caveolar, based on the absence or presence, respectively, of caveolin scaffolding proteins. We have recently demonstrated that caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression increases during, and knockdown of Cav-1 expression enhances, osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The increase in Cav-1 expression observed during osteogenesis is likely a negative feedback mechanism. We hypothesize that focal adhesion signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling may be negatively regulated by Cav-1 during human MSC osteogenesis. Methods Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated from femoral heads obtained after total hip arthroplasty. MSCs were incubated in standard growth medium alone or induced to osteogenically differentiate by the addition of supplements (β-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). The activation of and requirement for PI3K/Akt signaling in MSC osteogenesis were assessed by immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt, and treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and Akt siRNA, respectively. The influences of Cav-1 and cholesterol membrane rafts on PI3K/Akt signaling were investigated by treatment with Cav-1 siRNA, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, or cholesterol oxidase, followed by cellular sub-fractionation and/or immunoblotting for phosphorylated Akt. Results LY294002 and Akt siRNA inhibited MSC osteogenesis. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which disrupts all membrane rafts, inhibited osteogenesis. Conversely, Cav-1 siRNA and cholesterol oxidase, which displaces Cav-1 from caveolae, enhanced Akt signaling induced by osteogenic supplements. In control cells, phosphorylated Akt began to accumulate in caveolae after 10 days of osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions PI3K/Akt signaling is a key pathway required for human MSC osteogenesis, and it is likely that localization of active Akt in non-caveolar and caveolar membrane rafts positively and negatively contributes to osteogenesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Baker
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA. .,Present address: Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| | - Jihee Sohn
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Room 221, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219-3143, USA.
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Simberlund J, Ferretti CJ, Hollander E. Mesenchymal stem cells in autism spectrum and neurodevelopmental disorders: pitfalls and potential promises. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:368-375. [PMID: 26230216 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1067372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this conceptual review, the authors discuss the promises and pitfalls in the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a potential experimental therapeutic for autism spectrum and other neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS The relevant literature in autism spectrum disorders and other neurodevelopmental disorders regarding immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation and relevant therapeutics with mesenchymal stem cell infusion is reviewed. The relevant literature pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical applications is also reviewed. RESULTS It is proposed that immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation play a role in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to have immune-modulating capabilities and are neuroprotective. There are three international studies that have utilized mesenchymal stem cell infusions as a treatment for children with autism spectrum disorders, all of which demonstrated improvement in autism rating scale scores, although each study has limitations which are described. CONCLUSIONS Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders is a novel approach that deserves further investigation, however substantial methodological and theoretical challenges and pitfalls remain before this can be considered a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Simberlund
- a Department of Psychiatry , New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Casara Jean Ferretti
- b Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry , Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
| | - Eric Hollander
- b Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry , Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
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Lee SY, Kim HJ, Choi D. Cell sources, liver support systems and liver tissue engineering: alternatives to liver transplantation. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:36-47. [PMID: 26019753 PMCID: PMC4445708 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the largest organ in the body; it has a complex architecture, wide range of functions and unique regenerative capacity. The growing incidence of liver diseases worldwide requires increased numbers of liver transplant and leads to an ongoing shortage of donor livers. To meet the huge demand, various alternative approaches are being investigated including, hepatic cell transplantation, artificial devices and bioprinting of the organ itself. Adult hepatocytes are the preferred cell sources, but they have limited availability, are difficult to isolate, propagate poor and undergo rapid functional deterioration in vitro. There have been efforts to overcome these drawbacks; by improving culture condition for hepatocytes, providing adequate extracellular matrix, co-culturing with extra-parenchymal cells and identifying other cell sources. Differentiation of human stem cells to hepatocytes has become a major interest in the field of stem cell research and has progressed greatly. At the same time, use of decellularized organ matrices and 3 D printing are emerging cutting-edge technologies for tissue engineering, opening up new paths for liver regenerative medicine. This review provides a compact summary of the issues, and the locations of liver support systems and tissue engineering, with an emphasis on reproducible and useful sources of hepatocytes including various candidates formed by differentiation from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Joon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ward CL, Sanchez CJ, Pollot BE, Romano DR, Hardy SK, Becerra SC, Rathbone CR, Wenke JC. Soluble factors from biofilms of wound pathogens modulate human bone marrow-derived stromal cell differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and cytokine secretion. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:75. [PMID: 25886581 PMCID: PMC4381664 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic, non-healing wounds are often characterized by the persistence of bacteria within biofilms - aggregations of cells encased within a self-produced polysaccharide matrix. Biofilm bacteria exhibit unique characteristics from planktonic, or culture-grown, bacterial phenotype, including diminished responses to antimicrobial therapy and persistence against host immune responses. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are host cells characterized by their multifunctional ability to undergo differentiation into multiple cell types and modulation of host-immune responses by secreting factors that promote wound healing. While these characteristics make MSCs an attractive therapeutic for wounds, these pro-healing activities may be differentially influenced in the context of an infection (i.e., biofilm related infections) within chronic wounds. Herein, we evaluated the effect of soluble factors derived from biofilms of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the viability, differentiation, and paracrine activity of human MSCs to evaluate the influence of biofilms on MSC activity in vitro. Results Exposure of MSCs to biofilm-conditioned medias of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa resulted in reductions in cell viability, in part due to activation of apoptosis. Similarly, exposure to soluble factors from biofilms was also observed to diminish the migration ability of cells and to hinder multi-lineage differentiation of MSCs. In contrast to these findings, exposure of MSCs to soluble factors from biofilms resulted in significant increases in the release of paracrine factors involved in inflammation and wound healing. Conclusions Collectively, these findings demonstrate that factors produced by biofilms can negatively impact the intrinsic properties of MSCs, in particular limiting the migratory and differentiation capacity of MSCs. Consequently, these studies suggest use/application of stem-cell therapies in the context of infection may have a limited therapeutic effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0412-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Ward
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Carlos J Sanchez
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Beth E Pollot
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Desiree R Romano
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sharanda K Hardy
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra C Becerra
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- Department of Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Lee WJ, Hah YS, Ock SA, Lee JH, Jeon RH, Park JS, Lee SI, Rho NY, Rho GJ, Lee SL. Cell source-dependent in vivo immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow and synovial fluid of minipigs. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:273-288. [PMID: 25819273 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation and immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from synovial fluid (SF-MSCs) and bone marrow extract (BM-MSCs) in an isogenic background of minipigs were comparatively analyzed in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The proliferation capacity and expression of pluripotent transcription factors (Oct3/4 and Sox2) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SF-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. The differentiation capacity of SF-MSCs into adipocytes, osteocytes and neurocytes was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of BM-MSCs, and the differentiation capacity of SF-MSCs into chondrocytes was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of BM-MSCs. Systemic injection of BM- and SF-MSCs significantly (P<0.05) ameliorated the clinical symptoms of CIA mice, with SF-MSCs having significantly (P<0.05) higher clinical and histopathological recovery scores than BM-MSCs. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive properties of SF-MSCs in CIA mice were associated with increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and osteoclast-related sRANKL. In conclusion, SF-MSCs exhibited eminent pluripotency and differentiation capacity into chondrocytes, addition to substantial in vivo immunosuppressive capacity by elevating IL-10 and reducing IL-1β levels in CIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong-Hoon Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sung Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Rho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 4S7
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea.
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Xu M, Fan H. Advances in stem cell treatment of ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:214-220. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the characteristics of multipotent differentiation and self-renewal and can modulate the immune system and promote angiogenesis. The etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are still not clear. It is currently widely recognized that the pathogenesis of UC is related with immune disorders and vascular lesions of the colonic mucosa. This article reviews the effect of stem cells on immune regulation and angiogenesis in UC.
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Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stem cells are present in fat tissue, which can be obtained using surgical procedures such as liposuction. The multilineage capacity of mesenchymal stem cells makes them very valuable for cell-based medical therapies. In this chapter, we describe how to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from human adult fat tissue, propagate the cells in culture, and cryopreserve the cells for tissue engineering applications. Flow cytometry methods are also described for identification and characterization of adipose-derived stem cells and for cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Mahmoudifar
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Abstract
Many technologies that underpin tissue engineering as a research field were developed with the aim of producing functional human cartilage in vitro. Much of our practical experience with three-dimensional cultures, tissue bioreactors, scaffold materials, stem cells, and differentiation protocols was gained using cartilage as a model system. Despite these advances, however, generation of engineered cartilage matrix with the composition, structure, and mechanical properties of mature articular cartilage has not yet been achieved. Currently, the major obstacles to synthesis of clinically useful cartilage constructs are our inability to control differentiation to the extent needed, and the failure of engineered and host tissues to integrate after construct implantation. The aim of this chapter is to distil from the large available body of literature the seminal approaches and experimental techniques developed for cartilage tissue engineering and to identify those specific areas requiring further research effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline M Doran
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, 218, Hawthorn, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Marfia G, Navone SE, Di Vito C, Ughi N, Tabano S, Miozzo M, Tremolada C, Bolla G, Crotti C, Ingegnoli F, Rampini P, Riboni L, Gualtierotti R, Campanella R. Mesenchymal stem cells: potential for therapy and treatment of chronic non-healing skin wounds. Organogenesis 2015; 11:183-206. [PMID: 26652928 PMCID: PMC4879897 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1126018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process including overlapping phases (hemostatic/inflammatory, proliferating and remodeling phases). Every alteration in this mechanism might lead to pathological conditions of different medical relevance. Treatments for chronic non-healing wounds are expensive because reiterative treatments are needed. Regenerative medicine and in particular mesenchymal stem cells approach is emerging as new potential clinical application in wound healing. In the past decades, advance in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying wound healing process has led to extensive topical administration of growth factors as part of wound care. Currently, no definitive treatment is available and the research on optimal wound care depends upon the efficacy and cost-benefit of emerging therapies. Here we provide an overview on the novel approaches through stem cell therapy to improve cutaneous wound healing, with a focus on diabetic wounds and Systemic Sclerosis-associated ulcers, which are particularly challenging. Current and future treatment approaches are discussed with an emphasis on recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ughi
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Division of Pathology; Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Bolla
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Crotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rampini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- University of Milan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; LITA-Segrate; Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Gualtierotti
- Division of Rheumatology; Istituto Gaetano Pini; Milan Italy; Department of Clinical Science & Community Health; University of Milan; Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; University of Milan; Neurosurgery Unit; Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy; Milan, Italy
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Baker N, Boyette LB, Tuan RS. Characterization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in aging. Bone 2015; 70:37-47. [PMID: 25445445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult mesenchymal stem cells are a resource for autologous and allogeneic cell therapies for immune-modulation and regenerative medicine. However, patients most in need of such therapies are often of advanced age. Therefore, the effects of the aged milieu on these cells and their intrinsic aging in vivo are important considerations. Furthermore, these cells may require expansion in vitro before use as well as for future research. Their aging in vitro is thus also an important consideration. Here, we focus on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which are unique compared to other stem cells due to their support of hematopoietic cells in addition to contributing to bone formation. BMSCs may be sensitive to age-related diseases and could perpetuate degenerative diseases in which bone remodeling is a contributory factor. Here, we review (1) the characterization of BMSCs, (2) the characterization of in vivo-aged BMSCs, (3) the characterization of in vitro-aged BMSCs, and (4) potential approaches to optimize the performance of aged BMSCs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Baker
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa B Boyette
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Implantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for ischemic stroke: perspectives and challenges. Front Med 2014; 9:20-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-014-0371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Strategies for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:686-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Sharma RR, Pollock K, Hubel A, McKenna D. Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells: a review of clinical applications and manufacturing practices. Transfusion 2013; 54:1418-37. [PMID: 24898458 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently generated great interest in the fields of regenerative medicine and immunotherapy due to their unique biologic properties. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of the current clinical status of MSC therapy, primarily focusing on immunomodulatory and regenerative or tissue repair applications of MSCs. In addition, current manufacturing is reviewed with attention to variation in practices (e.g., starting material, approach to culture and product testing). There is considerable variation among the 218 clinical trials assessed here; variations include proposed mechanisms of action, optimal dosing strategy, and route of administration. To ensure the greatest likelihood of success in clinical trials as the field progresses, attention must be given to the optimization of MSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratti Ram Sharma
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandīgarh, India
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Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders. ASDs are clinically defined by deficits in communication, social skills, and repetitive and/or restrictive interests and behaviours. With the prevalence rates for ASDs rapidly increasing, the need for effective therapies for autism is a priority for biomedical research. Currently available medications do not target the core symptoms, can have markedly adverse side-effects, and are mainly palliative for negative behaviours. The development of molecular and regenerative interventions is progressing rapidly, and medicine holds great expectations for stem cell therapies. Cells could be designed to target the observed molecular mechanisms of ASDs, that is, abnormal neurotransmitter regulation, activated microglia, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruptions, and chronic intestinal inflammation. Presently, the paracrine, secretome, and immunomodulatory effects of stem cells would appear to be the likely mechanisms of application for ASD therapeutics. This review will focus on the potential use of the various types of stem cells: embryonic, induced pluripotential, fetal, and adult stem cells as targets for ASD therapeutics.
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Perspectives on the use of stem cells for autism treatment. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:262438. [PMID: 24222772 PMCID: PMC3810518 DOI: 10.1155/2013/262438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders. ASDs are clinically defined by deficits in communication, social skills, and repetitive and/or restrictive interests and behaviours. With the prevalence rates for ASDs rapidly increasing, the need for effective therapies for autism is a priority for biomedical research. Currently available medications do not target the core symptoms, can have markedly adverse side-effects, and are mainly palliative for negative behaviours. The development of molecular and regenerative interventions is progressing rapidly, and medicine holds great expectations for stem cell therapies. Cells could be designed to target the observed molecular mechanisms of ASDs, that is, abnormal neurotransmitter regulation, activated microglia, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruptions, and chronic intestinal inflammation. Presently, the paracrine, secretome, and immunomodulatory effects of stem cells would appear to be the likely mechanisms of application for ASD therapeutics. This review will focus on the potential use of the various types of stem cells: embryonic, induced pluripotential, fetal, and adult stem cells as targets for ASD therapeutics.
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42
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Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:496218. [PMID: 23577036 PMCID: PMC3615627 DOI: 10.1155/2013/496218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation into both mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages. The intrinsic properties of these cells make them an attractive candidate for clinical applications. MSCs are of keen interest because they can be isolated from a small aspirate of bone marrow or adipose tissues and can be easily expanded in vitro. Moreover, their ability to modulate immune responses makes them an even more attractive candidate for regenerative medicine as allogeneic transplant of these cells is feasible without a substantial risk of immune rejection. MSCs secrete various immunomodulatory molecules which provide a regenerative microenvironment for a variety of injured tissues or organ to limit the damage and to increase self-regulated tissue regeneration. Autologous/allogeneic MSCs delivered via the bloodstream augment the titers of MSCs that are drawn to sites of tissue injury and can accelerate the tissue repair process. MSCs are currently being tested for their potential use in cell and gene therapy for a number of human debilitating diseases and genetic disorders. This paper summarizes the current clinical and nonclinical data for the use of MSCs in tissue repair and potential therapeutic role in various diseases.
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Baker N, Zhang G, You Y, Tuan RS. Caveolin-1 regulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3773-87. [PMID: 22807396 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich caveolae lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. In addition to regulating cholesterol transport, caveolin-1 has the ability to bind a diverse array of cell signaling molecules and regulate cell signal transduction in caveolae. Currently, there is little known about the role of caveolin-1 in stem cells. It has been reported that the caveolin-1 null mouse has an expanded population of cells expressing stem cell markers in the gut, mammary gland, and brain, suggestive of a role for caveolin-1 in stem cell regulation. The caveolin-1 null mouse also has increased bone mass and an increased bone formation rate, and its bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have enhanced osteogenic potential. However, the role of caveolin-1 in human MSC osteogenic differentiation remains unexplored. In this study, we have characterized the expression of caveolin-1 in human bone marrow derived MSCs. We show that caveolin-1 protein is enriched in density gradient-fractionated MSC plasma membrane, consisting of ~100 nm diameter membrane-bound vesicles, and is distributed in a punctate pattern by immunofluoresence localization. Expression of caveolin-1 increases in MSCs induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of caveolin-1 expression enhances MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggest that caveolin-1 normally acts to regulate the differentiation and renewal of MSCs, and increased caveolin-1 expression during MSC osteogenesis likely acts as a negative feedback to stabilize the cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Baker
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Li W, Zhang Q, Wang M, Wu H, Mao F, Zhang B, Ji R, Gao S, Sun Z, Zhu W, Qian H, Chen Y, Xu W. Macrophages are involved in the protective role of human umbilical cord-derived stromal cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:405-16. [PMID: 23466564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of fibroblastic cells derived from a number of tissues (collectively called "mesenchymal stem cells") has been suggested to be beneficial for renal repair and mortality reduction in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the involvement of macrophages in the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord-derived stromal cells (hUCSCs) on renal IRI. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, hUCSCs were injected intravenously and resulted in significant improvements in renal function, with a lower tubular injury score together with more proliferative and fewer apoptotic tubular cells in kidney tissue. Moreover, hUCSCs reduced the infiltration of macrophages into renal interstitium especially at 5 days post-reperfusion, while the proportion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages was markedly increased. HUCSCs also alleviated the local inflammatory response in kidneys. The absence of macrophages during the early phase of reperfusion enhanced the therapeutic effect of hUCSCs, whereas macrophage depletion during the late repair phase eliminated the renoprotective role of hUCSCs. In vitro, macrophages cocultured with hUCSCs were switched to the alternatively activated M2 phenotype. Our data indicate that hUCSCs are capable of promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages at injury sites, suggesting a new mechanism for hUCSC-mediated protection in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Kurtz A, Oh SJ, Wu J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chen X, Du W, Wang D, Lin X. Age related changes of the extracellular matrix and stem cell maintenance. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S50-6. [PMID: 22285947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by reduced tissue and organ function, regenerative capacity, and accompanied by a decrease in tissue resident stem cell numbers and a loss of potency. The impact of aging on stem cell populations differs between tissues and depends on a number of non cell-intrinsic factors, including systemic changes associated with immune system alterations, as well as senescence related changes of the local cytoarchitecture. The latter has been studied in the context of environmental niche properties required for stem cell maintenance. Here, we will discuss the impact of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on stem cell maintenance, its changes during aging and its significance for stem cell therapy. We provide an overview on ECM components and examples of age associated remodeling of the cytoarchitecture. The interaction of stem cells with the ECM will be described and the importance of an intact and hospitable ECM for stem cell maintenance, differentiation and stem cell initiated tissue repair outlined. It is concluded that a remodeled ECM due to age related inflammation, fibrosis or oxidative stress provides an inadequate environment for endogenous regeneration or stem cell therapies. Means to provide adequate ECM for stem cell therapies and endogenous regeneration and the potential of antioxidants to prevent ECM damage and promote its repair and subsequently support regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kurtz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Steinert AF, Rackwitz L, Gilbert F, Nöth U, Tuan RS. Concise review: the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells for musculoskeletal regeneration: current status and perspectives. Stem Cells Transl Med 2012; 1:237-47. [PMID: 23197783 PMCID: PMC3659848 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2011-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies in the musculoskeletal system are based on the suitable application of cells, biomaterials, and/or factors. For an effective approach, numerous aspects have to be taken into consideration, including age, disease, target tissue, and several environmental factors. Significant research efforts have been undertaken in the last decade to develop specific cell-based therapies, and in particular adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells hold great promise for such regenerative strategies. Clinical translation of such therapies, however, remains a work in progress. In the clinical arena, autologous cells have been harvested, processed, and readministered according to protocols distinct for the target application. As outlined in this review, such applications range from simple single-step approaches, such as direct injection of unprocessed or concentrated blood or bone marrow aspirates, to fabrication of engineered constructs by seeding of natural or synthetic scaffolds with cells, which were released from autologous tissues and propagated under good manufacturing practice conditions (for example, autologous chondrocyte implantation). However, only relatively few of these cell-based approaches have entered the clinic, and none of these treatments has become a "standard of care" treatment for an orthopaedic disease to date. The multifaceted reasons for the current status from the medical, research, and regulatory perspectives are discussed here. In summary, this review presents the scientific background, current state, and implications of clinical mesenchymal stem cell application in the musculoskeletal system and provides perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F. Steinert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Rackwitz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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47
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Autism spectrum disorders: is mesenchymal stem cell personalized therapy the future? J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:480289. [PMID: 22496609 PMCID: PMC3303614 DOI: 10.1155/2012/480289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. They are enigmatic conditions that have their origins in the interaction of genes and environmental factors. ASDs are characterized by dysfunctions in social interaction and communication skills, in addition to repetitive and stereotypic verbal and nonverbal behaviours. Immune dysfunction has been confirmed with autistic children. There are no defined mechanisms of pathogenesis or curative therapy presently available. Indeed, ASDs are still untreatable. Available treatments for autism can be divided into behavioural, nutritional, and medical approaches, although no defined standard approach exists. Nowadays, stem cell therapy represents the great promise for the future of molecular medicine. Among the stem cell population, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show probably best potential good results in medical research. Due to the particular immune and neural dysregulation observed in ASDs, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation could offer a unique tool to provide better resolution for this disease.
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48
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Ginis I, Grinblat B, Shirvan MH. Evaluation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after cryopreservation and hypothermic storage in clinically safe medium. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:453-63. [PMID: 22196031 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Achievements in tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) demand a clinically acceptable "off-the-shelf" cell therapy product. Efficacy of cryopreservation of human bone marrow-derived MSC in clinically safe, animal product-free medium containing 2%, 5%, and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was evaluated by measuring cell recovery, viability, apoptosis, proliferation rate, expression of a broad panel of MSC markers, and osteogenic differentiation. Rate-controlled freezing in CryoStor media was performed in a programmable cell freezer. About 95% of frozen cells were recovered as live cells after freezing in CryoStor solutions with 5% and 10% DMSO followed by storage in liquid nitrogen for 1 month. Cell recovery after 5 months storage was 72% and 80% for 5% and 10% DMSO, respectively. Measurements of caspase 3 activity demonstrated that 15.5% and 12.8% of cells after 1 month and 18.3% and 12.9% of cells after 5 months storage in 5% and 10% DMSO, respectively, were apoptotic. Proliferation of MSC recovered after cryopreservation was measured during 2 weeks post-plating. Proliferation rate was not compromised and was even enhanced. Cryopreservation did not alter expression of MSC markers. Quantitative analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP surface expression and Ca⁺⁺ deposition in previously cryopreserved MSC and then differentiated for 3 weeks in osteogenic medium demonstrated the same degree of osteogenic differentiation as in unfrozen parallel cultures. Cell viability and functional parameters were analyzed in MSC after short-term storage at 4°C in HypoThermosol-FRS solution, also free of animal products. Hypothermic storage for 2 and 4 days resulted in about 100% and 85% cell recovery, respectively, less than 10% of apoptotic cells, and normal proliferation, marker expression, and osteogenic potential. Overall, our results demonstrate that human MSC could be successfully cryopreserved for banking and clinical applications and delivered to the bedside in clinically safe protective reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ginis
- Cell Therapy Laboratory, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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Siniscalco D, Giordano C, Galderisi U, Luongo L, de Novellis V, Rossi F, Maione S. Long-lasting effects of human mesenchymal stem cell systemic administration on pain-like behaviors, cellular, and biomolecular modifications in neuropathic mice. Front Integr Neurosci 2011. [PMID: 22164136 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00079.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is an incurable disease caused by a primary lesion in the nervous system. NP is a progressive nervous system disease that results from poorly defined neurophysiological and neurochemical changes. Its treatment is very difficult. Current available therapeutic drugs have a generalized nature, sometime acting only on the temporal pain properties rather than targeting the several mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of pain. METHODS Using biomolecular and immunohistochemical methods, we investigated the effect of the systemic injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on NP relief. We used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of NP in the mouse. hMSCs were injected into the tail vein of the mouse. Stem cell injection was performed 4 days after sciatic nerve surgery. Neuropathic mice were monitored every 10 days starting from day 11 until 90 days after surgery. RESULTS hMSCs were able to reduce pain-like behaviors, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, once injected into the tail vein. An anti-nociceptive effect was detectable from day 11 post surgery (7 days post cell injection). hMSCs were mainly able to home in the spinal cord and pre-frontal cortex of neuropathic mice. Injected hMSCs reduced the protein levels of the mouse pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1β and IL-17 and increased protein levels of the mouse anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10, and the marker of alternatively activated macrophages CD106 in the spinal cord of SNI mice. CONCLUSION As a potential mechanism of action of hMSCs in reducing pain, we suggest that they could exert their beneficial action through a restorative mechanism involving: (i) a cell-to-cell contact activation mechanism, through which spinal cord homed hMSCs are responsible for switching pro-inflammatory macrophages to anti-inflammatory macrophages; (ii) secretion of a broad spectrum of molecules to communicate with other cell types. This study could provide novel findings in MSC pre-clinical biology and their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Siniscalco
- Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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50
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Siniscalco D, Giordano C, Galderisi U, Luongo L, de Novellis V, Rossi F, Maione S. Long-lasting effects of human mesenchymal stem cell systemic administration on pain-like behaviors, cellular, and biomolecular modifications in neuropathic mice. Front Integr Neurosci 2011; 5:79. [PMID: 22164136 PMCID: PMC3230031 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is an incurable disease caused by a primary lesion in the nervous system. NP is a progressive nervous system disease that results from poorly defined neurophysiological and neurochemical changes. Its treatment is very difficult. Current available therapeutic drugs have a generalized nature, sometime acting only on the temporal pain properties rather than targeting the several mechanisms underlying the generation and propagation of pain. Methods: Using biomolecular and immunohistochemical methods, we investigated the effect of the systemic injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on NP relief. We used the spared nerve injury (SNI) model of NP in the mouse. hMSCs were injected into the tail vein of the mouse. Stem cell injection was performed 4 days after sciatic nerve surgery. Neuropathic mice were monitored every 10 days starting from day 11 until 90 days after surgery. Results: hMSCs were able to reduce pain-like behaviors, such as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, once injected into the tail vein. An anti-nociceptive effect was detectable from day 11 post surgery (7 days post cell injection). hMSCs were mainly able to home in the spinal cord and pre-frontal cortex of neuropathic mice. Injected hMSCs reduced the protein levels of the mouse pro-inflammatory interleukin IL-1β and IL-17 and increased protein levels of the mouse anti-inflammatory interleukin IL-10, and the marker of alternatively activated macrophages CD106 in the spinal cord of SNI mice. Conclusion: As a potential mechanism of action of hMSCs in reducing pain, we suggest that they could exert their beneficial action through a restorative mechanism involving: (i) a cell-to-cell contact activation mechanism, through which spinal cord homed hMSCs are responsible for switching pro-inflammatory macrophages to anti-inflammatory macrophages; (ii) secretion of a broad spectrum of molecules to communicate with other cell types. This study could provide novel findings in MSC pre-clinical biology and their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Siniscalco
- Division of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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