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Yang Z, Jiang Y, Wang L, Yu B, Cai H, Fan J, Zhang M. Prognosis and biological function of SGOL1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a multiomics analysis. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:60. [PMID: 38383432 PMCID: PMC10882763 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shugoshin-1 (SGOL1) is a mammalian ortholog of Shugoshin in yeast and is essential for precise chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aberrant SGOL1 expression was reported to be closely correlated with the malignant progression of various tumors. However, the expression pattern and biological function of SGOL1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases provide mRNA expression data and outcome information for ccRCC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of ccRCC tissue chips verified SGOL1 protein expression in ccRCC patients. Data processing and visualization were performed with the UALCAN, TISIDB, TIMER, GSCA, LinkedOmics, and starBase databases. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to identify SGOL1-related biological functions and signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using the TISIDB database, ssGSEA algorithm, and TCGA-KIRC cohort. The biological role of SGOL1 in ccRCC was investigated using a series of in vitro cytological assays, including the MTT assay, EdU staining assay, flow cytometry analysis, Transwell assay, and wound healing assay. RESULTS SGOL1 was highly expressed in ccRCC and linked to adverse clinicopathological parameters and unfavorable prognosis. Multivariate logistic regression and nomogram calibration suggested that SGOL1 might serve as an independent and reliable prognostic predictor of ccRCC. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that SGOL1 may be involved in the cell cycle, the p53 pathway, DNA replication, and T-cell activation. Furthermore, tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis suggested that SGOL1 was positively associated with Treg infiltration and immune checkpoint upregulation. In addition, we identified a potential SNHG17/PVT1/ZMIZ1-AS1-miR-23b-3p-SGOL1 axis correlated with ccRCC carcinogenesis and progression. Finally, we demonstrated that SGOL1 promoted ccRCC cell proliferation, migratory capacity, and invasion in vitro. CONCLUSIONS SGOL1 potentially functions as an oncogene in ccRCC progression and might contribute to the immunosuppressive TME by increasing Treg infiltration and checkpoint expression, suggesting that targeting SGOL1 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezhong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Address: No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yunzhong Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Address: No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Address: No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Binghe Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Address: No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Address: No, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jinhai Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Address: No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Mengzhao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Address: No, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Centromeric Non-Coding RNAs: Conservation and Diversity in Function. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6010004. [PMID: 31963472 PMCID: PMC7151564 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is strictly regulated for the proper distribution of genetic material to daughter cells. During this process, mitotic chromosomes are pulled to both poles by bundles of microtubules attached to kinetochores that are assembled on the chromosomes. Centromeres are specific regions where kinetochores assemble. Although these regions were previously considered to be silent, some experimental studies have demonstrated that transcription occurs in these regions to generate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These centromeric ncRNAs (cenRNAs) are involved in centromere functions. Here, we describe the currently available information on the functions of cenRNAs in several species.
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Mailhes JB, Marchetti F. Advances in understanding the genetic causes and mechanisms of female germ cell aneuploidy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eog.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Rivera T, Losada A. Shugoshin regulates cohesion by driving relocalization of PP2A in Xenopus extracts. Chromosoma 2009; 118:223-33. [PMID: 18987869 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-008-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion is mediated by cohesin. At the onset of mitosis, most cohesin dissociates from chromatin with the exception of a small population, present along chromosome arms and enriched at centromeres. A protein known as shugoshin (Sgo) is essential to maintain arm and centromeric cohesion until the onset of anaphase in transformed human cells, but not in other organisms like Drosophila or mouse. We have used Xenopus egg extracts to further explore this issue. Chromosomes assembled in extracts depleted of Sgo have little or no cohesin at centromeres and display centromeric cohesion defects. Unlike transformed human cells, however, arm cohesion is maintained in the absence of Sgo. Furthermore, Sgo depletion impairs the prophase dissociation of cohesin. This phenotype can be rescued by inhibition of PP2A. The protein phosphatase interacts with Sgo and accumulates at centromeres in mitosis in a Sgo-dependent manner. We propose that Sgo drives relocalization of PP2A from arms to centromeres and, in this way, coordinates release of arm cohesin with protection of centromeric cohesin in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rivera
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
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Llano E, Gómez R, Gutiérrez-Caballero C, Herrán Y, Sánchez-Martín M, Vázquez-Quiñones L, Hernández T, de Álava E, Cuadrado A, Barbero JL, Suja JA, Pendás AM. Shugoshin-2 is essential for the completion of meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice. Genes Dev 2008; 22:2400-13. [PMID: 18765791 PMCID: PMC2532928 DOI: 10.1101/gad.475308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Shugoshin-2 (SGOL2) is one of the two mammalian orthologs of the Shugoshin/Mei-S322 family of proteins that regulate sister chromatid cohesion by protecting the integrity of the multiprotein cohesin complexes. This protective system is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis, which is the physical basis of Mendelian inheritance. Regardless of its evolutionary conservation from yeast to mammals, little is known about the in vivo relevance and specific role that SGOL2 plays in mammals. Here we show that disruption of the gene encoding mouse SGOL2 does not cause any alteration in sister chromatid cohesion in embryonic cultured fibroblasts and adult somatic tissues. Moreover, mutant mice develop normally and survive to adulthood without any apparent alteration. However, both male and female Sgol2-deficient mice are infertile. We demonstrate that SGOL2 is necessary for protecting centromeric cohesion during mammalian meiosis I. In vivo, the loss of SGOL2 promotes a premature release of the meiosis-specific REC8 cohesin complexes from anaphase I centromeres. This molecular alteration is manifested cytologically by the complete loss of centromere cohesion at metaphase II leading to single chromatids and physiologically with the formation of aneuploid gametes that give rise to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Llano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno S/N, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez-Caballero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yurema Herrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Luis Vázquez-Quiñones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Teresa Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Cuadrado
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Barbero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto M. Pendás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Sharan SK, Kuznetsov SG. Resolving RAD51C function in late stages of homologous recombination. Cell Div 2007; 2:15. [PMID: 17547768 PMCID: PMC1892012 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks are efficiently repaired by homologous recombination. One of the last steps of this process is resolution of Holliday junctions that are formed at the sites of genetic exchange between homologous DNA. Although various resolvases with Holliday junctions processing activity have been identified in bacteriophages, bacteria and archaebacteria, eukaryotic resolvases have been elusive. Recent biochemical evidence has revealed that RAD51C and XRCC3, members of the RAD51-like protein family, are involved in Holliday junction resolution in mammalian cells. However, purified recombinant RAD51C and XRCC3 proteins have not shown any Holliday junction resolution activity. In addition, these proteins did not reveal the presence of a nuclease domain, which raises doubts about their ability to function as a resolvase. Furthermore, oocytes from infertile Rad51C mutant mice exhibit precocious separation of sister chromatids at metaphase II, a phenotype that reflects a defect in sister chromatid cohesion, not a lack of Holliday junction resolution. Here we discuss a model to explain how a Holliday junction resolution defect can lead to sister chromatid separation in mouse oocytes. We also describe other recent in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting a late role for RAD51C in homologous recombination in mammalian cells, which is likely to be resolution of the Holliday junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam K Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Sergey G Kuznetsov
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
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Ohtaka A, Saito TT, Okuzaki D, Nojima H. Meiosis specific coiled-coil proteins in Shizosaccharomyces pombe. Cell Div 2007; 2:14. [PMID: 17509158 PMCID: PMC1885245 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many meiosis-specific proteins in Schizosaccharomyces pombe contain coiled-coil motifs which play essential roles for meiotic progression. For example, the coiled-coil motifs present in Meu13 and Mcp7 are required for their function as a putative recombinase cofactor complex during meiotic recombination. Mcp6/Hrs1 and Mcp5/Num1 control horsetail chromosome movement by astral microtubule organization and anchoring dynein respectively. Dhc1 and Ssm4 are also required for horsetail chromosome movement. It is clear from these examples that the coiled-coil motif in these proteins plays an important role during the progression of cells through meiosis. However, there are still many unanswered questions on how these proteins operate. In this paper, we briefly review recent studies on the meiotic coiled-coil proteins in Sz. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Ohtaka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takamune T Saito
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, New Research Building, Room 334, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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de Gramont A, Cohen-Fix O. The many phases of anaphase. Trends Biochem Sci 2005; 30:559-68. [PMID: 16126387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2005.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 07/29/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anaphase is the stage of the cell cycle in which duplicated chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. Although its chromosome movements have always been viewed as majestic, until recently anaphase lacked obvious landmarks of regulation. The picture has changed with numerous recent studies that have highlighted the raison d'être of anaphase. It is now known to be associated with a series of regulatory pathways that promote a switch from high to low cyclin-dependent kinase activity--an essential feature for proper mitotic exit. The balance between protein phosphorylation and protein dephosphorylation drives and coordinates diverse processes such as chromosome movement, spindle dynamics and cleavage furrow formation. This well-ordered sequence of events is central to successful mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand de Gramont
- The Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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