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Tsutsumi T, Taira S, Matsuda R, Kageyama C, Wada M, Kitayama T, Morioka N, Morita K, Tsuboi K, Yamazaki N, Kido J, Nagata T, Dohi T, Tokumura A. Lysophospholipase D activity on oral mucosa cells in whole mixed human saliva involves in production of bioactive lysophosphatidic acid from lysophosphatidylcholine. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106881. [PMID: 39134206 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
We reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is present at 0.8 μM in mixed human saliva (MS). In this study, we examined the distribution, origin, and enzymatic generation pathways of LPA in MS. LPA was distributed in the medium and cell pellet fraction; a true level of soluble LPA in MS was about 150 nM. The soluble LPA was assumed to be generated by ecto-type lysophospholipase D on exfoliated cells in MS from LPC that originated mainly from the major salivary gland saliva. Our results with the albumin-back extraction procedures suggest that a significant pool of LPA is kept in the outer layer of the plasma membranes of detached oral mucosal cells. Such pool of LPA may contribute to wound healing in upper digestive organs including oral cavity. We obtained evidence that the choline-producing activity in MS was mainly due to Ca2+-activated lysophospholipase D activity of glycerophosphodiesterase 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tsutsumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka 882-8508, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Risa Matsuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Chieko Kageyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Mamiko Wada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitayama
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mucogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8179, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morita
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Naoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Junichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Dohi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Faculty of Nursing, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen University, Kure 737-0004, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 730-0153, Japan.
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2
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Hutka B, Várallyay A, László SB, Tóth AS, Scheich B, Paku S, Vörös I, Pós Z, Varga ZV, Norman DD, Balogh A, Benyó Z, Tigyi G, Gyires K, Zádori ZS. A dual role of lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2) in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mouse enteropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:339-353. [PMID: 37816857 PMCID: PMC10789874 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid mediator that has been found to ameliorate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric injury by acting on lysophosphatidic acid type 2 receptor (LPAR2). In this study, we investigated whether LPAR2 signaling was implicated in the development of NSAID-induced small intestinal injury (enteropathy), another major complication of NSAID use. Wild-type (WT) and Lpar2 deficient (Lpar2-/-) mice were treated with a single, large dose (20 or 30 mg/kg, i.g.) of indomethacin (IND). The mice were euthanized at 6 or 24 h after IND treatment. We showed that IND-induced mucosal enteropathy and neutrophil recruitment occurred much earlier (at 6 h after IND treatment) in Lpar2-/- mice compared to WT mice, but the tissue levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible COX-2, CAMP) remained at much lower levels. Administration of a selective LPAR2 agonist DBIBB (1, 10 mg/kg, i.g., twice at 24 h and 30 min before IND treatment) dose-dependently reduced mucosal injury and neutrophil activation in enteropathy, but it also enhanced IND-induced elevation of several proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. By assessing caspase-3 activation, we found significantly increased intestinal apoptosis in IND-treated Lpar2-/- mice, but it was attenuated after DBIBB administration, especially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Finally, we showed that IND treatment reduced the plasma activity and expression of autotaxin (ATX), the main LPA-producing enzyme, and also reduced the intestinal expression of Lpar2 mRNA, which preceded the development of mucosal damage. We conclude that LPAR2 has a dual role in NSAID enteropathy, as it contributes to the maintenance of mucosal integrity after NSAID exposure, but also orchestrates the inflammatory responses associated with ulceration. Our study suggests that IND-induced inhibition of the ATX-LPAR2 axis is an early event in the pathogenesis of enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hutka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmacological and Drug Safety Research, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Várallyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia B László
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András S Tóth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Vörös
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pós
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Gyires
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán S Zádori
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Cho HS, Kwon TW, Kim JH, Lee R, Bae CS, Kim HC, Kim JH, Choi SH, Cho IH, Nah SY. Gintonin Alleviates HCl/Ethanol- and Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16721. [PMID: 38069044 PMCID: PMC10705886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gintonin, newly extracted from ginseng, is a glycoprotein that acts as an exogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo preventive effects of gintonin on gastric damage. ICR mice were randomly assigned to five groups: a normal group (received saline, 0.1 mL/10 g, p.o.); a control group (administered 0.3 M HCl/ethanol, 0.1 mL/10 g, p.o.) or indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.); gintonin at two different doses (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg, p.o.) with either 0.3 M HCl/ethanol or indomethacin; and a positive control (Ranitidine, 40 mg/kg, p.o.). After gastric ulcer induction, the gastric tissue was examined to calculate the ulcer index. The expression of gastric damage markers, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and LPA2 and LPA5 receptors, were measured by Western blotting. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), Evans blue, and occludin levels in gastric tissues were measured using immunofluorescence analysis. Both HCl/ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers showed increased TNF-α, IL-6, Evans blue permeation, and PECAM-1, and decreased COX-2, PGE2, occludin, and LPA5 receptor expression levels. However, oral administration of gintonin alleviated the gastric ulcer index induced by HCl/ethanol and indomethacin in a dose-dependent manner. Gintonin suppressed TNF-α and IL-6 expression, but increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 levels in mouse gastric tissues. Gintonin intake also increased LPA5 receptor expression in mouse gastric tissues. These results indicate that gintonin can play a role in gastric protection against gastric damage induced by HCl/ethanol or indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Tae Woo Kwon
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-City 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Department of Animal Health, College of Health and Medical Services, Osan University, Osan-si 18119, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.-S.C.); (J.-H.K.)
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Li X, Kokawa M, Afroz S, Tanaka T, Kitamura Y. Effects of micro wet milling on bioaccessibility of phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid in komatsuna during in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2019; 121:926-932. [PMID: 31108827 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foods rich in phosphatidic acid (PA) can ameliorate stomach ulcers in mice by hydrolysis of PA to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In this study, PA-rich komatsuna was produced using the micro wet milling (MWM) system, which can mill food products into micrometer-scale without causing detrimental factors such as frictional heat. To evaluate the efficiency of the MWM system in increasing PA and forming LPA, the availability of PA in the MWM komatsuna to hydrolyze into LPA under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion conditions were investigated. The results showed that through effective MWM milling, komatsuna was sufficiently milled into smaller particles, and PA was abundantly produced in the milled komatsuna; the increased PA promoted LPA formation during digestion, resultant a dominant molecular species of 16:0 LPA which could effectively reduce ulcer lesions. These indicated that MWM can elevate the bioaccessibility of komatsuna PA and LPA in the GI tract, which will benefit the dietary treatment of stomach ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mito Kokawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Sheuli Afroz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kitamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Lysophosphatidic acid enhances PGE2 to PGF2α ratio and nitric oxide level in nonpregnant buffalo uterus. Theriogenology 2018; 120:47-55. [PMID: 30092374 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid exerting diverse biological functions. Its role in reproduction in different species has created great interest in recent times. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate LPA signaling in nonpregnant buffalo uterus by in vitro studies. Standard techniques like real-time PCR (for mRNA expression of LPARs and COX-2 and iNOS), Western blot (for PPARγ protein expression), sandwich ELISA (for PGE2 and PGF2α assay) and histopathology (for assessment of endometrial architecture in culture) were used in this study. The buffalo uterine tissues were collected from the local slaughterhouse and were selected for the study on the basis of the presence of corpus luteum on the ovary (n = 5). The LPAR3 receptor was the highest expressed receptor as compared to LPAR1 and LPAR6 in non-pregnant uterine tissues after 6 h incubation in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). 50 μM LPA increased the mRNA expressions of COX-2 and iNOS enzymes which were attenuated by the treatment of LPAR1/3 antagonist Ki16425. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 prevented the LPA-induced increase in iNOS mRNA expression but did not alter the COX-2 expression. LPA also enhanced the PGE2 to PGF2α ratio in uterine tissue homogenates which was inhibited by all the receptor antagonists as well as by the inhibitors of COX-2 and iNOS. LPA also increased the total nitrite level in tissue homogenates in LPAR1/3- and iNOS-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrate PPARγ mRNA and protein expressions in nonpregnant buffalo endometrium. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that LPA acts as a luteotropic factor during the estrus cycle in nonpregnant buffalo uterus by enhancing PGE2 to PGF2α ratio and NO level through multiple receptors.
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Afroz S, Yagi A, Fujikawa K, Rahman MM, Morito K, Fukuta T, Watanabe S, Kiyokage E, Toida K, Shimizu T, Ishida T, Kogure K, Tokumura A, Tanaka T. Lysophosphatidic acid in medicinal herbs enhances prostaglandin E 2 and protects against indomethacin-induced gastric cell damage in vivo and in vitro. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 135:36-44. [PMID: 29462674 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that induces diverse biological responses. Recently, we found that LPA ameliorates NSAIDs-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Here, we quantified LPA in 21 medicinal herbs used for treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. We found that half of them contained LPA at relatively high levels (40-240 μg/g) compared to soybean seed powder (4.6 μg/g), which we previously identified as an LPA-rich food. The LPA in peony (Paeonia lactiflora) root powder is highly concentrated in the lipid fraction that ameliorates indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Synthetic 18:1 LPA, peony root LPA and peony root lipid enhanced prostaglandin E2 production in a gastric cancer cell line, MKN74 cells that express LPA2 abundantly. These materials also prevented indomethacin-induced cell death and stimulated the proliferation of MKN74 cells. We found that LPA was present in stomach fluids at 2.4 μM, which is an effective LPA concentration for inducing a cellular response in vitro. These results indicated that LPA is one of the active components of medicinal herbs for the treatment of GI disorder and that orally administered LPA-rich herbs may augment the protective actions of endogenous LPA on gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Afroz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Ayano Yagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kouki Fujikawa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - M Motiur Rahman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Katsuya Morito
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukuta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Emi Kiyokage
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Toida
- Department of Anatomy, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan; Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy Research Center, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ishida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 731-0351, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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Lee BH, Choi SH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Kim HK, Nah SY. Plant Lysophosphatidic Acids: A Rich Source for Bioactive Lysophosphatidic Acids and Their Pharmacological Applications. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:156-62. [PMID: 26830477 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid; LPA) is a simple and minor phospholipid in plants. Plant LPAs are merely metabolic intermediates in de novo lipid synthesis in plant cell membranes or for glycerophospholipid storage. The production and metabolisms of LPAs in animals are also well characterized and LPAs have diverse cellular effects in animal systems; i.e., from brain development to wound healing through the activation of G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Recent studies show that various foodstuffs such as soybean, cabbage and seeds such as sesame and sunflower contain bioactive LPAs. Some LPAs are produced from phosphatidic acid during the digestion of foodstuff. In addition, herbal medicines such as corydalis tuber, and especially ginseng, contain large amounts of LPAs compared to foodstuffs. Herbal LPAs bind to cell surface LPA receptors in animal cells and exert their biological effects. Herbal LPAs elicit [Ca(2+)]i transient and are coupled to various Ca(2+)-dependent ion channels and receptor regulations via the activation of LPA receptors. They also showed beneficial effects of in vitro wound healing, in vivo anti-gastric ulcer, anti-Alzheimer's disease, autotaxin inhibition and anti-metastasis activity. Thus, herbal LPAs can be useful agents for human health. Humans can utilize exogenous plant-derived LPAs for preventive or therapeutic purposes if plant-derived LPAs are developed as functional foods or natural medicine targeting LPA receptors. This brief review article introduces the known rich sources of herbal LPAs and herbal LPA binding protein, describes their biological effects, and further addresses possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology,
College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
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Afroz S, Ikoma T, Yagi A, Kogure K, Tokumura A, Tanaka T. Concentrated Phosphatidic Acid in Cereal Brans as Potential Protective Agents against Indomethacin-Induced Stomach Ulcer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6950-7. [PMID: 27561232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of complications associated with long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is peptic ulcer. Recently, we found that orally administered phosphatidic acid (PA) ameliorated aspirin-induced stomach lesions in mice. In this study, we identified PA-rich food sources and examined the effects of the food materials on indomethacin-induced stomach ulcer. Among examined, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) bran contained the highest level of PA (188 mg/100 g). PA was the richest phospholipid (25%) in the lipid fraction of the buckwheat bran. Administration of the lipid extracts of buckwheat bran significantly ameliorated indomethacin-induced stomach lesions in mice. In contrast, wheat (Triticum durum) bran lipids (PA, 4%) and soybean (Glycine max) lipids (PA, 3%) were not associated with ameliorative effects. These results indicated that PA-rich lipids can be used as an effective supplement for prevention of NSAID-induced stomach ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Afroz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Teru Ikoma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Ayano Yagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kogure
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University , Hiroshima 731-0351, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School , Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Cheng Y. Risk factors for death of hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5354-5359. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i34.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify risk factors for death of hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding.
METHODS: The clinical data for 785 patients with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding hospitalized from June 2008 to June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The risk factors for death of gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
RESULTS: The mortality rate was 4.84% (38/785) during hospitalization. Age > 60 years, re-bleeding, complications, blood clotting abnormalities, titanium clip endoscopic hemostasis, surgical bleeding, endoscopic spraying for hemostasis, Forrest classification ≤ Ⅰb, history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage, shock, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) positivity, and history of alcohol abuse differed significantly between the death group and cured group (P < 0.05). The levels of serum proteins, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and rate of H. pylori infection were significantly higher, and the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly lower in the death group than in the cured group (P < 0.05). Re-bleeding (OR = 4.223; 95%CI: 1.269-6.425), history of NSAID usage (OR = 4.112; 95%CI: 1.326-6.986), Forrest classification ≤Ⅱb (OR = 4.692; 95%CI: 1.485-7.021), TXA2 (OR = 4.623; 95%CI: 1.239-6.963), and COX-2 (OR = 4.265; 95%CI: 1.208-8.006) were independent risk factors for death with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding. PGE2 (OR = 4.772; 95%CI: 1.277-7.236) was a protective factor for death with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding.
CONCLUSION: Re-bleeding, history of NSAID usage, Forrest classification ≤Ⅰb, TXA2, and COX-2 are independent risk factors for death in patients with gastrointestinal ulcer bleeding, and PGE2 is a protective factor.
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