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Nguyen M, Zimmer A. A reflection on the improvement of Chinese Hamster ovary cell-based bioprocesses through advances in proteomic techniques. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108141. [PMID: 37001570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred mammalian host for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. Research endeavors have been directed to the optimization of CHO-based bioprocesses to increase protein quantity and quality, often in an empirical manner. To provide a rationale for those achievements, a myriad of CHO proteomic studies has arisen in recent decades. This review gives an overview of significant advances in LC-MS-based proteomics and sheds light on CHO proteomic studies, with a particular focus on CHO cells with superior bioprocessing phenotypes (growth, viability, titer, productivity and cQA), that have exploited novel proteomic or sub-omic techniques. These proteomic findings expand the current knowledge and understanding about the underlying protein clusters, protein regulatory networks and biological pathways governing such phenotypic changes. The proteomic studies, highlighted herein, will help in the targeted modulation of these cell factories to the desired needs.
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2
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He X, Lu L, Huang P, Yu B, Peng L, Zou L, Ren Y. Insect Cell-Based Models: Cell Line Establishment and Application in Insecticide Screening and Toxicology Research. INSECTS 2023; 14:104. [PMID: 36835673 PMCID: PMC9965340 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, research on insect cell culture has grown tremendously. Thousands of lines have been established from different species of insect orders, originating from several tissue sources. These cell lines have often been employed in insect science research. In particular, they have played important roles in pest management, where they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of insecticide candidate compounds. This review intends to first briefly summarize the progression of insect cell line establishment. Then, several recent studies based on insect cell lines coupled with advanced technologies are introduced. These investigations revealed that insect cell lines can be exploited as novel models with unique advantages such as increased efficiency and reduced cost compared with traditional insecticide research. Most notably, the insect cell line-based models provide a global and in-depth perspective to study the toxicology mechanisms of insecticides. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in the connection between in vitro activity and in vivo effectiveness. Despite all this, recent advances have suggested that insect cell line-based models promote the progress and sensible application of insecticides, which benefits pest management.
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3
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Liu YS, Matabaro E, Gao XD, Fujita M. Selecting cells expressing high levels of recombinant proteins using the GPI-anchored protein with selenocysteine system. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:225-233. [PMID: 33158753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most biopharmaceutical proteins are produced in mammalian cells because they have the advantageous capacity for protein folding, assembly, and posttranslational modifications. To satisfy the increasing demand for these proteins for clinical purposes and studies, traditional methods to improve protein productivity have included gene amplification, host cell engineering, medium optimization, and screening methods. However, screening and selection of high-producing cell lines remain complex and time consuming. In this study, we established a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein with a selenocysteine (GPS) system to select cells producing high levels of target secretory proteins. Recombinant lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and α-galactosidase A (GALA) were fused with a GPI attachment signal sequence and a selenocysteine insertion sequence after an in-frame UGA codon. Under these conditions, most of the recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture medium, but some were found to be GPI-anchored proteins on the cell surface. When sodium selenite was supplied into the culture medium, the amount of GPI-anchored LIPA and GALA was increased. High-expressing cells were selected by detecting surface GPI-anchored LIPA. The GPI-anchored protein was then eliminated by knocking out the GPI biosynthesis gene PIGK, in these cells, all LIPA was in secreted form. Our system provides a promising method of isolating cells that highly express recombinant proteins from large cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Emmanuel Matabaro
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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4
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Pérez-Rodriguez S, Ramírez OT, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA. Comparison of protein precipitation methods for sample preparation prior to proteomic analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cell homogenates. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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5
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Orellana CA, Martínez VS, MacDonald MA, Henry MN, Gillard M, Gray PP, Nielsen LK, Mahler S, Marcellin E. 'Omics driven discoveries of gene targets for apoptosis attenuation in CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:481-490. [PMID: 32865815 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in biopharmaceutical production. Improvements to cell lines and bioprocesses are constantly being explored. One of the major limitations of CHO cell culture is that the cells undergo apoptosis, leading to rapid cell death, which impedes reaching high recombinant protein titres. While several genetic engineering strategies have been successfully employed to reduce apoptosis, there is still room to further enhance CHO cell lines performance. 'Omics analysis is a powerful tool to better understand different phenotypes and for the identification of gene targets for engineering. Here, we present a comprehensive review of previous CHO 'omics studies that revealed changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes. We highlight targets for genetic engineering that have reduced, or have the potential to reduce, apoptosis or to increase cell proliferation in CHO cells, with the final aim of increasing productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Orellana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew N Henry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter P Gray
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Guo J, Tu H, Rao B M, Chillara AK, Chang E, Atouf F. More comprehensive standards for monitoring glycosylation. Anal Biochem 2020; 612:113896. [PMID: 32818506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biologics manufacturers must continually monitor the attachment of carbohydrates, called glycans, to their products, because any variability can impact safety and efficacy. To help the industry meet this challenge, the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) offers glycan reference standards and validated methods for glycoprofiling using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The industry has recently adopted more advanced technologies for glycan analysis, including ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and mass spectrometry. In this study, we confirm that USP's glycan reference standards are compatible with UHPLC by demonstrating comparable peak separation and glycan identification to HPLC methods. The improved resolving power and shorter run-times of UHPLC also allowed us to identify many of the minor glycan components present in USP's glycan reference standards. These more comprehensively characterized glycan reference standards will enable manufacturers to assess the micro-heterogeneity that can negatively impact the safety and efficacy of biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Guo
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Huiping Tu
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Maheswara Rao B
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | | | - Edith Chang
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Fouad Atouf
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention, 12601 Twinbrook Pkwy, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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Torkashvand F, Mahboudi F, Vossoughi M, Fatemi E, Moosavi Basri SM, Heydari A, Vaziri B. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Responses to a Designed Amino Acid Feed in a Monoclonal Antibody
Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [PMID: 29678103 PMCID: PMC6305810 DOI: 10.29252/.22.6.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is considered as the most common cell line in the biopharmaceutical industry because of its capability in performing efficient post-translational modifications and producing the recombinant proteins, which are similar to natural human proteins. The optimization of the upstream process via different feed strategies has a great impact on the target molecule expression and yield. Methods: To determine and understand the molecular events beneath the feed effects on the CHO cell, a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied. The proteome changes followed by the addition of a designed amino acid feed to the monoclonal antibody producing CHO cell line culture medium were investigated. Results: The glutathione synthesis, the negative regulation of the programmed cell death, proteasomal catabolic process, and the endosomal transport pathway were up-regulated in the group fed with a designed amino acid feed compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our findings could be helpful to identify new targets for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Torkashvand
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Research Center Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Fatemi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heydari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Tejwani V, Andersen MR, Nam JH, Sharfstein ST. Glycoengineering in CHO Cells: Advances in Systems Biology. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700234. [PMID: 29316325 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, glycoprotein biologics have been successfully produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The therapeutic efficacy and potency of glycoprotein biologics are often dictated by their post-translational modifications, particularly glycosylation, which unlike protein synthesis, is a non-templated process. Consequently, both native and recombinant glycoprotein production generate heterogeneous mixtures containing variable amounts of different glycoforms. Stability, potency, plasma half-life, and immunogenicity of the glycoprotein biologic are directly influenced by the glycoforms. Recently, CHO cells have also been explored for production of therapeutic glycosaminoglycans (e.g., heparin), which presents similar challenges as producing glycoproteins biologics. Approaches to controlling heterogeneity in CHO cells and directing the biosynthetic process toward desired glycoforms are not well understood. A systems biology approach combining different technologies is needed for complete understanding of the molecular processes accounting for this variability and to open up new venues in cell line development. In this review, we describe several advances in genetic manipulation, modeling, and glycan and glycoprotein analysis that together will provide new strategies for glycoengineering of CHO cells with desired or enhanced glycosylation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Tejwani
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Mikael R Andersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
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9
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Hempel F, Maurer M, Brockmann B, Mayer C, Biedenkopf N, Kelterbaum A, Becker S, Maier UG. From hybridomas to a robust microalgal-based production platform: molecular design of a diatom secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the Marburg virus nucleoprotein. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:131. [PMID: 28750668 PMCID: PMC5531009 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ideal protein expression system should provide recombinant proteins in high quality and quantity involving low production costs only. However, especially for complex therapeutic proteins like monoclonal antibodies many challenges remain to meet this goal and up to now production of monoclonal antibodies is very costly and delicate. Particularly, emerging disease outbreaks like Ebola virus in Western Africa in 2014–2016 make it necessary to reevaluate existing production platforms and develop robust and cheap alternatives that are easy to handle. Results In this study, we engineered the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum to produce monoclonal IgG antibodies against the nucleoprotein of Marburg virus, a close relative of Ebola virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates in humans. Sequences for both chains of a mouse IgG antibody were retrieved from a murine hybridoma cell line and implemented in the microalgal system. Fully assembled antibodies were shown to be secreted by the alga and antibodies were proven to be functional in western blot, ELISA as well as IFA studies just like the original hybridoma produced IgG. Furthermore, synthetic variants with constant regions of a rabbit IgG and human IgG with optimized codon usage were produced and characterized. Conclusions This study highlights the potential of microalgae as robust and low cost expression platform for monoclonal antibodies secreting IgG antibodies directly into the culture medium. Microalgae possess rapid growth rates, need basically only water, air and sunlight for cultivation and are very easy to handle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0745-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hempel
- LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Maurer
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Brockmann
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28/E8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Anne Kelterbaum
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Uwe G Maier
- LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Hempel F, Maurer M, Brockmann B, Mayer C, Biedenkopf N, Kelterbaum A, Becker S, Maier UG. From hybridomas to a robust microalgal-based production platform: molecular design of a diatom secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against the Marburg virus nucleoprotein. Microb Cell Fact 2017. [PMID: 28750668 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0745-742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal protein expression system should provide recombinant proteins in high quality and quantity involving low production costs only. However, especially for complex therapeutic proteins like monoclonal antibodies many challenges remain to meet this goal and up to now production of monoclonal antibodies is very costly and delicate. Particularly, emerging disease outbreaks like Ebola virus in Western Africa in 2014-2016 make it necessary to reevaluate existing production platforms and develop robust and cheap alternatives that are easy to handle. RESULTS In this study, we engineered the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum to produce monoclonal IgG antibodies against the nucleoprotein of Marburg virus, a close relative of Ebola virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates in humans. Sequences for both chains of a mouse IgG antibody were retrieved from a murine hybridoma cell line and implemented in the microalgal system. Fully assembled antibodies were shown to be secreted by the alga and antibodies were proven to be functional in western blot, ELISA as well as IFA studies just like the original hybridoma produced IgG. Furthermore, synthetic variants with constant regions of a rabbit IgG and human IgG with optimized codon usage were produced and characterized. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potential of microalgae as robust and low cost expression platform for monoclonal antibodies secreting IgG antibodies directly into the culture medium. Microalgae possess rapid growth rates, need basically only water, air and sunlight for cultivation and are very easy to handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hempel
- LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Maurer
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Brockmann
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28/E8, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Anne Kelterbaum
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Uwe G Maier
- LOEWE Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie (SYNMIKRO), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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11
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Matabaro E, He Z, Liu YS, Zhang HJ, Gao XD, Fujita M. Molecular switching system using glycosylphosphatidylinositol to select cells highly expressing recombinant proteins. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642584 PMCID: PMC5481379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many pharmaceutical proteins are produced in mammalian cells, there remains a challenge to select cell lines that express recombinant proteins with high productivity. Since most biopharmaceutical proteins are secreted by cells into the medium, it is difficult to select cell lines that produce large amounts of the target protein. To address this issue, a new protein expression system using the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor was developed. PGAP2 is involved in processing GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) during transport. In PGAP2 mutant cells, most GPI-APs are secreted into the medium. Here, we established a HEK293 cell line where endogenous PGAP2 was knocked out and exogenous PGAP2 was inserted with a piggyBac transposon in the genome. Using these cells, human lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) and α-galactosidase A (GLA) were expressed as GPI-anchored forms (LIPA-GPI and GLA-GPI) and cells expressing high levels of LIPA-GPI or GLA-GPI on the cell surface were enriched. Removal of the PGAP2 gene by piggyBac transposase or FLP recombinase converted LIPA-GPI and GLA-GPI from membrane-bound to the secreted forms. Thus, cells expressing LIPA or GLA in large amounts could be enriched using this approach. The GPI-based molecular switching system is an efficient approach to isolate cells expressing recombinant proteins with high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Matabaro
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zeng'an He
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hui-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
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12
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Dahodwala H, Sharfstein ST. The 'Omics Revolution in CHO Biology: Roadmap to Improved CHO Productivity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1603:153-168. [PMID: 28493129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased understanding of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell physiology has been ushered in upon availability of the parental CHO-K1 cell line genome. Free and openly accessible sequence information has complemented transcriptomic and proteomic studies. The previous decade has also seen an increase in sensitivity and accuracy of proteomic methods due to technology development. In this genomic era, high-throughput screening methods, sophisticated informatic tools, and models continually drive major innovations in cell line development and process engineering. This review describes the various achievements in 'omics techniques and their application to improve recombinant protein expression from CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Dahodwala
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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13
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Hempel F, Maier UG. Microalgae as Solar-Powered Protein Factories. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:241-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Lewis AM, Abu-Absi NR, Borys MC, Li ZJ. The use of 'Omics technology to rationally improve industrial mammalian cell line performance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:26-38. [PMID: 26059229 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biologics represent an increasingly important class of therapeutics, with 7 of the 10 top selling drugs from 2013 being in this class. Furthermore, health authority approval of biologics in the immuno-oncology space is expected to transform treatment of patients with debilitating and deadly diseases. The growing importance of biologics in the healthcare field has also resulted in the recent approvals of several biosimilars. These recent developments, combined with pressure to provide treatments at lower costs to payers, are resulting in increasing need for the industry to quickly and efficiently develop high yielding, robust processes for the manufacture of biologics with the ability to control quality attributes within narrow distributions. Achieving this level of manufacturing efficiency and the ability to design processes capable of regulating growth, death and other cellular pathways through manipulation of media, feeding strategies, and other process parameters will undoubtedly be facilitated through systems biology tools generated in academic and public research communities. Here we discuss the intersection of systems biology, 'Omics technologies, and mammalian bioprocess sciences. Specifically, we address how these methods in conjunction with traditional monitoring techniques represent a unique opportunity to better characterize and understand host cell culture state, shift from an empirical to rational approach to process development and optimization of bioreactor cultivation processes. We summarize the following six key areas: (i) research applied to parental, non-recombinant cell lines; (ii) systems level datasets generated with recombinant cell lines; (iii) datasets linking phenotypic traits to relevant biomarkers; (iv) data depositories and bioinformatics tools; (v) in silico model development, and (vi) examples where these approaches have been used to rationally improve cellular processes. We critically assess relevant and state of the art research being conducted in academic, government and industrial laboratories. Furthermore, we apply our expertise in bioprocess to define a potential model for integration of these systems biology approaches into biologics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Lewis
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 35 South Street, Hopkinton 01748, Massachusetts.
| | - Nicholas R Abu-Absi
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 35 South Street, Hopkinton 01748, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Borys
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 35 South Street, Hopkinton 01748, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Global Manufacturing and Supply, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 35 South Street, Hopkinton 01748, Massachusetts
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15
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In Vitro Selection of Cancer Cell-Specific Molecular Recognition Elements from Amino Acid Libraries. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:186586. [PMID: 26436100 PMCID: PMC4576012 DOI: 10.1155/2015/186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential cell systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) is an in vitro selection method for obtaining molecular recognition elements (MREs) that specifically bind to individual cell types with high affinity. MREs are selected from initial large libraries of different nucleic or amino acids. This review outlines the construction of peptide and antibody fragment libraries as well as their different host types. Common methods of selection are also reviewed. Additionally, examples of cancer cell MREs are discussed, as well as their potential applications.
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16
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Fields C, Li P, O'Mahony JJ, Lee GU. Advances in affinity ligand-functionalized nanomaterials for biomagnetic separation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:11-25. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Fields
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4; Ireland
| | - Peng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4; Ireland
| | - James J. O'Mahony
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4; Ireland
| | - Gil U. Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4; Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences; University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4; Ireland
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17
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Zboray K, Sommeregger W, Bogner E, Gili A, Sterovsky T, Fauland K, Grabner B, Stiedl P, Moll HP, Bauer A, Kunert R, Casanova E. Heterologous protein production using euchromatin-containing expression vectors in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e102. [PMID: 25977298 PMCID: PMC4652741 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon stable cell line generation, chromosomal integration site of the vector DNA has a major impact on transgene expression. Here we apply an active gene environment, rather than specified genetic elements, in expression vectors used for random integration. We generated a set of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) vectors with different open chromatin regions, promoters and gene regulatory elements and tested their impact on recombinant protein expression in CHO cells. We identified the Rosa26 BAC as the most efficient vector backbone showing a nine-fold increase in both polyclonal and clonal production of the human IgG-Fc. Clonal protein production was directly proportional to integrated vector copy numbers and remained stable during 10 weeks without selection pressure. Finally, we demonstrated the advantages of BAC-based vectors by producing two additional proteins, HIV-1 glycoprotein CN54gp140 and HIV-1 neutralizing PG9 antibody, in bioreactors and shake flasks reaching a production yield of 1 g/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Zboray
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sommeregger
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria Polymun Scientific GmbH, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Edith Bogner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Gili
- Polymun Scientific GmbH, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | | | | | - Beatrice Grabner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | - Renate Kunert
- Vienna Institute of BioTechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, 1090, Austria Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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18
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Kremkow BG, Baik JY, MacDonald ML, Lee KH. CHOgenome.org 2.0: Genome resources and website updates. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:931-8. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Orellana CA, Marcellin E, Schulz BL, Nouwens AS, Gray PP, Nielsen LK. High-Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Up-Regulate Intracellular Protein Transport and Glutathione Synthesis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:609-18. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila A. Orellana
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda S. Nouwens
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter P. Gray
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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20
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Klein T, Niklas J, Heinzle E. Engineering the supply chain for protein production/secretion in yeasts and mammalian cells. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 42:453-64. [PMID: 25561318 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic bottlenecks play an increasing role in yeasts and mammalian cells applied for high-performance production of proteins, particularly of pharmaceutical ones that require complex posttranslational modifications. We review the present status and developments focusing on the rational metabolic engineering of such cells to optimize the supply chain for building blocks and energy. Methods comprise selection of beneficial genetic modifications, rational design of media and feeding strategies. Design of better producer cells based on whole genome-wide metabolic network analysis becomes increasingly possible. High-resolution methods of metabolic flux analysis for the complex networks in these compartmented cells are increasingly available. We discuss phenomena that are common to both types of organisms but also those that are different with respect to the supply chain for the production and secretion of pharmaceutical proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Klein
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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21
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Adaptation for survival: Phenotype and transcriptome response of CHO cells to elevated stress induced by agitation and sparging. J Biotechnol 2014; 189:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Sommer R, Satzer P, Tscheliessnig A, Schulz H, Helk B, Jungbauer A. Combined polyethylene glycol and CaCl2 precipitation for the capture and purification of recombinant antibodies. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Accurate comparison of antibody expression levels by reproducible transgene targeting in engineered recombination-competent CHO cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9723-33. [PMID: 25158835 PMCID: PMC4231286 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have emerged as the major host for expressing biotherapeutic proteins. Traditional methods to generate high-producer cell lines rely on random integration(s) of the gene of interest but have thereby left the identification of bottlenecks as a challenging task. For comparison of different producer cell lines derived from various transfections, a system that provides control over transgene expression behavior is highly needed. This motivated us to develop a novel “DUKX-B11 F3/F” cell line to target different single-chain antibody fragments into the same chromosomal target site by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) using the flippase (FLP)/FLP recognition target (FRT) system. The RMCE-competent cell line contains a gfp reporter fused to a positive/negative selection system flanked by heterospecific FRT (F) variants under control of an external CMV promoter, constructed as “promoter trap”. The expression stability and FLP accessibility of the tagged locus was demonstrated by successive rounds of RMCE. As a proof of concept, we performed RMCE using cassettes encoding two different anti-HIV single-chain Fc fragments, 3D6scFv-Fc and 2F5scFv-Fc. Both targeted integrations yielded homogenous cell populations with comparable intracellular product contents and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels but product related differences in specific productivities. These studies confirm the potential of the newly available “DUKX-B11 F3/F” cell line to guide different transgenes into identical transcriptional control regions by RMCE and thereby generate clones with comparable amounts of transgene mRNA. This new host is a prerequisite for cell biology studies of independent transfections and transgenes.
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24
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Application of spectroscopic methods for monitoring of bioprocesses and the implications for the manufacture of biologics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Hernández Bort JA, Shanmukam V, Pabst M, Windwarder M, Neumann L, Alchalabi A, Krebiehl G, Koellensperger G, Hann S, Sonntag D, Altmann F, Heel C, Borth N. Reduced quenching and extraction time for mammalian cells using filtration and syringe extraction. J Biotechnol 2014; 182-183:97-103. [PMID: 24794799 PMCID: PMC4071440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to preserve the in vivo metabolite levels of cells, a quenching protocol must be quickly executed to avoid degradation of labile metabolites either chemically or biologically. In the case of mammalian cell cultures cultivated in complex media, a wash step previous to quenching is necessary to avoid contamination of the cell pellet with extracellular metabolites, which could distort the real intracellular concentration of metabolites. This is typically achieved either by one or multiple centrifugation/wash steps which delay the time until quenching (even harsh centrifugation requires several minutes for processing until the cells are quenched) or filtration. In this article, we describe and evaluate a two-step optimized protocol based on fast filtration by use of a vacuum pump for quenching and subsequent extraction of intracellular metabolites from CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) suspension cells, which uses commercially available components. The method allows transfer of washed cells into liquid nitrogen within 10-15s of sampling and recovers the entire extraction solution volume. It also has the advantage to remove residual filter filaments in the final sample, thus preventing damage to separation columns during subsequent MS analysis. Relative to other methods currently used in the literature, the resulting energy charge of intracellular adenosine nucleotides was increased to 0.94 compared to 0.90 with cold PBS quenching or 0.82 with cold methanol/AMBIC quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinoth Shanmukam
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gunda Koellensperger
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Friedrich Altmann
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- ACIB GmbH, Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Rasekhian M, Roohvand F, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Amini S, Azadmanesh K. Application of the 3'-noncoding region of poliovirus RNA for cell-based regulation of mRNA stability: implication for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:699-706. [PMID: 24612228 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment of production yield of therapeutic proteins in mammalian cell cultures by modulation of the mRNA stability of the target protein to increase its in vivo half-life is a new strategy in biotechnological applications. The present article describes one of the most novel approaches to modulate mRNA stability by application of 3'-noncoding region (3'NCR) from RNA viral genome in the expression constructs. Our data indicated that although utilizing the 3'NCR sequence form poliovirus (PV-3'NCR) downstream of the target gene might generally stabilize the secondary structure of RNA, it influenced the mRNA stability (and thereby the amount of protein production) in a cell type and time-dependent manner, thus indicating a central role of mRNA-stabilizing binding sites/cellular factors in this process. Our data might be of interest to the biotechnology community to improve recombinant protein production in mammalian cell cultures and RNA-based therapy/vaccination approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rasekhian
- Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Bahnemann J, Kayo S, Wahrheit J, Heinzle E, Pörtner R, Zeng AP. In search of an effective cell disruption method to isolate intact mitochondria from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sabrina Kayo
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Judith Wahrheit
- Biochemical Engineering Institute; Saarland University; Saarland Germany
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering Institute; Saarland University; Saarland Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
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28
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Jayapal KP, Goudar CT. Transcriptomics as a tool for assessing the scalability of mammalian cell perfusion systems. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:227-43. [PMID: 23949697 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA microarray-based transcriptomics have been used to determine the time course of laboratory and manufacturing-scale perfusion bioreactors in an attempt to characterize cell physiological state at these two bioreactor scales. Given the limited availability of genomic data for baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-based microarray was used following a feasibility assessment of cross-species hybridization. A heat shock experiment was performed using both BHK and CHO cells and resulting DNA microarray data were analyzed using a filtering criteria of perfect match (PM)/single base mismatch (MM) > 1.5 and PM-MM > 50 to exclude probes with low specificity or sensitivity for cross-species hybridizations. For BHK cells, 8910 probe sets (39 %) passed the cutoff criteria, whereas 12,961 probe sets (56 %) passed the cutoff criteria for CHO cells. Yet, the data from BHK cells allowed distinct clustering of heat shock and control samples as well as identification of biologically relevant genes as being differentially expressed, indicating the utility of cross-species hybridization. Subsequently, DNA microarray analysis was performed on time course samples from laboratory- and manufacturing-scale perfusion bioreactors that were operated under the same conditions. A majority of the variability (37 %) was associated with the first principal component (PC-1). Although PC-1 changed monotonically with culture duration, the trends were very similar in both the laboratory and manufacturing-scale bioreactors. Therefore, despite time-related changes to the cell physiological state, transcriptomic fingerprints were similar across the two bioreactor scales at any given instance in culture. Multiple genes were identified with time-course expression profiles that were very highly correlated (> 0.9) with bioprocess variables of interest. Although the current incomplete annotation limits the biological interpretation of these observations, their full potential may be realized in due course when richer genomic data become available. By taking a pragmatic approach of transcriptome fingerprinting, we have demonstrated the utility of systems biology to support the comparability of laboratory and manufacturing-scale perfusion systems. Scale-down model qualification is the first step in process characterization and hence is an integral component of robust regulatory filings. Augmenting the current paradigm, which relies primarily on cell culture and product quality information, with gene expression data can help make a substantially stronger case for similarity. With continued advances in systems biology approaches, we expect them to be seamlessly integrated into bioprocess development, which can translate into more robust and high yielding processes that can ultimately reduce cost of care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik P Jayapal
- Cell Culture Development, Global Biological Development Bayer HealthCare, 800 Dwight Way, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
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29
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Influence of aeration-homogenization system in stirred tank bioreactors, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH control mode on BHK-21 cell growth and metabolism. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:605-17. [PMID: 23846480 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This work focused on determining the effect of dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) on growth and metabolism of BHK-21 cell line (host cell for recombinant proteins manufacturing and viral vaccines) cultured in two stirred tank bioreactors with different aeration-homogenization systems, as well as pH control mode. BHK-21 cell line adapted to single-cell suspension was cultured in Celligen without aeration cage (rotating gas-sparger) and Bioflo 110, at 10, 30 and 50 % air saturation (impeller for gas dispersion from sparger-ring). The pH was controlled at 7.2 as far as it was possible with gas mixtures. In other runs, at 30 and 50 % (DO) in Bioflo 110, the cells grew at pH controlled with CO2 and NaHCO3 solution. Glucose, lactate, glutamine, and ammonium were quantified by enzymatic methods. Cell concentration, size and specific oxygen consumption were also determined. When NaHCO3 solution was not used, the optimal DOs were 10 and 50 % air saturation for Celligen and Bioflo 110, respectively. In this condition maximum cell concentrations were higher than 4 × 10(6) cell/mL. An increase in maximum cell concentration of 36 % was observed in batch carried out at 30 % air saturation in a classical stirred tank bioreactor (Bioflo 110) with base solution addition. The optimal parameters defined in this work allow for bioprocess developing of viral vaccines, transient protein expression and viral vector for gene therapy based on BHK-21 cell line in two stirred tank bioreactors with different agitation-aeration systems.
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30
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Chong L, Saghafi M, Knappe C, Steigmiller S, Matanguihan C, Goudar CT. Robust on-line sampling and analysis during long-term perfusion cultivation of mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:133-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Niklas J, Priesnitz C, Rose T, Sandig V, Heinzle E. Metabolism and metabolic burden by α1-antitrypsin production in human AGE1.HN cells. Metab Eng 2013; 16:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Tscheliessnig AL, Konrath J, Bates R, Jungbauer A. Host cell protein analysis in therapeutic protein bioprocessing - methods and applications. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:655-70. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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34
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Current state and recent advances in biopharmaceutical production in Escherichia coli, yeasts and mammalian cells. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:257-74. [PMID: 23385853 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Almost all of the 200 or so approved biopharmaceuticals have been produced in one of three host systems: the bacterium Escherichia coli, yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris) and mammalian cells. We describe the most widely used methods for the expression of recombinant proteins in the cytoplasm or periplasm of E. coli, as well as strategies for secreting the product to the growth medium. Recombinant expression in E. coli influences the cell physiology and triggers a stress response, which has to be considered in process development. Increased expression of a functional protein can be achieved by optimizing the gene, plasmid, host cell, and fermentation process. Relevant properties of two yeast expression systems, S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris, are summarized. Optimization of expression in S. cerevisiae has focused mainly on increasing the secretion, which is otherwise limiting. P. pastoris was recently approved as a host for biopharmaceutical production for the first time. It enables high-level protein production and secretion. Additionally, genetic engineering has resulted in its ability to produce recombinant proteins with humanized glycosylation patterns. Several mammalian cell lines of either rodent or human origin are also used in biopharmaceutical production. Optimization of their expression has focused on clonal selection, interference with epigenetic factors and genetic engineering. Systemic optimization approaches are applied to all cell expression systems. They feature parallel high-throughput techniques, such as DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing and proteomics, and enable simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters. Systemic approaches, together with technological advances such as disposable bioreactors and microbioreactors, are expected to lead to increased quality and quantity of biopharmaceuticals, as well as to reduced product development times.
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35
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Lanza AM, Cheng JK, Alper HS. Emerging synthetic biology tools for engineering mammalian cell systems and expediting cell line development. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Pourmir A, Johannes TW. Directed evolution: selection of the host organism. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 2:e201209012. [PMID: 24688653 PMCID: PMC3962113 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201209012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed evolution has become a well-established tool for improving proteins and biological systems. A critical aspect of directed evolution is the selection of a suitable host organism for achieving functional expression of the target gene. To date, most directed evolution studies have used either Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host; however, other bacterial and yeast species, as well as mammalian and insect cell lines, have also been successfully used. Recent advances in synthetic biology and genomics have opened the possibility of expanding the use of directed evolution to new host organisms such as microalgae. This review focuses on the different host organisms used in directed evolution and highlights some of the recent directed evolution strategies used in these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Pourmir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States
| | - Tyler W Johannes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Tulsa, 800 S. Tucker Dr, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States
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A multi-omics analysis of recombinant protein production in Hek293 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43394. [PMID: 22937046 PMCID: PMC3427347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hek293 cells are the predominant hosts for transient expression of recombinant proteins and are used for stable expression of proteins where post-translational modifications performed by CHO cells are inadequate. Nevertheless, there is little information available on the key cellular features underpinning recombinant protein production in Hek293 cells. To improve our understanding of recombinant protein production in Hek293 cells and identify targets for the engineering of an improved host cell line, we have compared a stable, recombinant protein producing Hek293 cell line and its parental cell line using a combination of transcriptomics, metabolomics and fluxomics. Producer cultures consumed less glucose than non-producer cultures while achieving the same growth rate, despite the additional burden of recombinant protein production. Surprisingly, there was no indication that producer cultures compensated for the reduction in glycolytic energy by increasing the efficiency of glucose utilization or increasing glutamine consumption. In contrast, glutamine consumption was lower and the majority of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation were downregulated in producer cultures. We observed an overall downregulation of a large number of genes associated with broad cellular functions (e.g., cell growth and proliferation) in producer cultures, and therefore speculate that a broad adaptation of the cellular network freed up resources for recombinant protein production while maintaining the same growth rate. Increased abundance of genes associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress indicated a possible bottleneck at the point of protein folding and assembly.
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Barteneva NS, Fasler-Kan E, Vorobjev IA. Imaging flow cytometry: coping with heterogeneity in biological systems. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 60:723-33. [PMID: 22740345 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412453052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging flow cytometry (IFC) platforms combine features of flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy with advances in data-processing algorithms. IFC allows multiparametric fluorescent and morphological analysis of thousands of cellular events and has the unique capability of identifying collected events by their real images. IFC allows the analysis of heterogeneous cell populations, where one of the cellular components has low expression (<0.03%) and can be described by Poisson distribution. With the help of IFC, one can address a critical question of statistical analysis of subcellular distribution of proteins in a cell. Here the authors review advantages of IFC in comparison with more traditional technologies, such as Western blotting and flow cytometry (FC), as well as new high-throughput fluorescent microscopy (HTFM), and discuss further developments of this novel analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Barteneva
- Immune Disease Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Jungbauer A, Lee SY. Editorial: Breaking down the walls to achieve interdisciplinary science and engineering. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:4-5. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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