1
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Cho CK, Kang P, Jang CG, Lee SY, Lee YJ, Choi CI. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict the pharmacokinetics of irbesartan in different CYP2C9 genotypes. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:939-953. [PMID: 38064121 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Irbesartan, a potent and selective angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB), is one of the representative medications for the treatment of hypertension. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 is primarily involved in the oxidation of irbesartan. CYP2C9 is highly polymorphic, and genetic polymorphism of this enzyme is the leading cause of significant alterations in the pharmacokinetics of irbesartan. This study aimed to establish the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetics of irbesartan in different CYP2C9 genotypes. The irbesartan PBPK model was established using the PK-Sim® software. Our previously reported pharmacogenomic data for irbesartan was leveraged in the development of the PBPK model and collected clinical pharmacokinetic data for irbesartan was used for the validation of the model. Physicochemical and ADME properties of irbesartan were obtained from previously reported data, predicted by the modeling software, or optimized to fit the observed plasma concentration-time profiles. Model evaluation was performed by comparing the predicted plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters to the observed results. Predicted plasma concentration-time profiles were visually similar to observed profiles. Predicted AUCinf in CYP2C9*1/*3 and CYP2C9*1/*13 genotypes were increased by 1.54- and 1.62-fold compared to CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype, respectively. All fold error values for AUC and Cmax in non-genotyped and CYP2C9 genotyped models were within the two-fold error criterion. We properly established the PBPK model of irbesartan in different CYP2C9 genotypes. It can be used to predict the pharmacokinetics of irbesartan for personalized pharmacotherapy in individuals of various races, ages, and CYP2C9 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Keun Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureum Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ik Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Divya Bhargavi P, Lolla S, Sugunan S, Shiva Gubbiyappa K, Ali Khan A, Alanazi AM, Vijay Nayak B. The simultaneous quantification of Sitagliptin and Irbesartan in rat plasma using the validated LC-MS/MS method is applied to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1221:123677. [PMID: 36958118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Irbesartan (IRB), an angiotensin II receptor AT1 blocker, is an antihypertensive agent commonly used with Sitagliptin (STG), a novel antidiabetic agent in diabetes. A finalised and validated LC-MS/MS method was used for the bioanalytical quantification of STG and IRB to be applicable to studies on the P.K drug-drug interactions between STG and IRB. Using a YMC triart C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 3 µm), both the drugs and the Tolbutamide were separated using a gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 ml/min with run time of 5 min. For analyte detection, an LC-MS/MS system with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The technique was validated across a concentration range of 5-1000 ng/ml, with the LLOQ for both analytes being 5 ng/ml. At all QC levels accuracies from spiked samples were > 83% for both drugs and internal standards. The accuracy for STG within-batch and between-batch was found within 98.4-107.2%, and for IRB was found within 92.4-102.5%. The precision for STG within batch and between batches was less than 12.3% CV, and for IRB was less than 10.2% CV at all concentration levels. The pharmacokinetic profiles of STG and IRB were successfully applied on simultaneous oral administration to rats. This method applies to pharmacokinetic multidrug interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Divya Bhargavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamil Nadu 643001, India
| | - Siddhartha Lolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Sinoy Sugunan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India
| | - Kumar Shiva Gubbiyappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bhukya Vijay Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GITAM School of Pharmacy, Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana 502032, India.
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Wang Q, You L, Li Z, Zhang L, Li X, Yang X. Influence of AGTR1 and ABCB1 Gene Polymorphism on the Curative Effect of Irbesartan. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:4278675. [PMID: 36404948 PMCID: PMC9668479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4278675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The interindividual heterogeneity in response to the antihypertensive effect of irbesartan has received considerable attention because of gene polymorphism. In this study, we investigated the new combinational influences of AGTR1 and ABCB1 gene polymorphism on the therapeutic effect of irbesartan among Chinese hypertensive patients. A total of 353 samples including 168 normal people and 185 hypertensive patients were adopted, and genotypes comprise ABCB1 (CC, CT, and TT) and AGTR1 (AA and AC) in this study. The results of multiple linear regression models showed that no statistically significant differences were observed in blood pressure change following irbesartan administration in each genotype from either ABCB1 (CC, CT, and TT) or AGTR1 (AA and AC). However, spline smoothing analysis demonstrated that the blood pressure therapeutic responses of irbesartan presented a noticeable difference among different ABCB1 genotypes when irbesartan doses reached over 300 ng/mL. Eventually, we assumed that the different drug responses of irbesartan among various AGTR1 genotypes were due to the diversity of the irbesartan-conjugated protein, which is responsible for crossing-coupled intracellular G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 116000, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Lingsen You
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Leiyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Medical University, Jiamusi 114003, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 116000, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development & Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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4
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Alhazmi HA, Bakri MA, Mohzari YA, Alshigaify YG, Al Bratty M, Javed SA, Najmi A, ur Rehman Z, Ahsan W, Mohamed Elhassan Taha M. Study of influence of Catha edulis (Khat) chewing on oral pharmacokinetics of Irbesartan in rats using a newly developed HPLC-UV method. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:237-244. [PMID: 35498225 PMCID: PMC9051964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Khat consumers might use a number of drugs for underlying conditions; however the potential drug-herb interaction between khat and other drugs including Irbesartan (IRB) is unknown. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of khat chewing on pharmacokinetic profile of IRB, a commonly available antihypertensive agent. The pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered IRB (15.5 mg/kg) with and without pre-administration of khat (12.4 mg/kg) were determined in Sprague-Dawley rats. IRB was estimated in rat plasma samples using a newly developed HPLC method. The chromatographic separation of the drug and internal standard (IS) was performed on a C-18 column (Raptor C-18, 100 mm × 4.6 mm id.; 5 µm) using a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile in a ratio 60:40 v/v. Acceptable linearity for IRB was recorded at 1 – 12 µg/mL concentration range (R2 > 0.99). Intra-day and inter-day precision (%RSD = 0.44% − 3.27% and 0.39–1.98% respectively) and accuracy (% recovery = 98.3 – 104.3%) in rat plasma was within the acceptable limit according to USFDA guidelines. The AUC0-t was found to be significantly increased in IRB-khat co-administered rats as compared to rats receiving IRB only; whereas, the Tmax (0.5 h) value remained unchanged. Results of this study revealed that the IRB level considerably increased in rat plasma upon co-administration of khat. This might be due to the inhibition of CYP2D9 by khat which is the principal cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for IRB metabolism.
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Jireš J, Gibala P, Kalášek S, Douša M, Doubský J. The determination of two analogues of 4-(azidomethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as potential genotoxic impurities in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of several sartans containing a tetrazole group. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114300. [PMID: 34365191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4'-(azidomethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile (GTI-azide-1) and 5-(4'-(azidomethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-tetrazole (GTI-azide-2) are potentially genotoxic impurities that can be present at trace levels in the active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products of sartans containing a tetrazole group. A method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, that allows the determination of those genotoxic impurities at sub-ppm level relative to the active pharmaceutical ingredient, was developed. The method utilises a very efficient liquid chromatograph Waters Acquity I-Class coupled with a highly sensitive tandem mass spectrometer Xevo TQ-XS. The separation was achieved on a column Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 1.7 μm employing a linear elution gradient. The mass spectrometer was used with a heated electrospray ionization. The method was found to be sufficient in terms of sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity and robustness and is easily applicable in the pharmaceutical quality control environment. The method allows for accurate quantification of both impurities GTI-azide-1 and GTI-azide-2 at levels below 1/10th of the specification limit, which is crucial in the context of pharmaceutical analysis. The limit of quantification was determined to be 0.033 ppm and 0.025 ppm for GTI-azide-1 and GTI-azide-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jireš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gibala
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kalášek
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Douša
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Doubský
- Zentiva, k.s. Praha, U Kabelovny 130, 102 37 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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6
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Nalini CN, Mathivanan N. A Review on Analytical Methods of Irbesartan and its Combinations in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190802164428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical analysis plays an indispensable role in various stages of drug pipeline including
drug development, fabrication of formulation, stability studies and quality control. It is also used for
characterizing the composition of different dosage forms in quantitative and qualitative ways. Comprehensive
literature survey forms the foundation stone for the focused analysis of research activity.
Irbesartan is a hypertension antagonist chiefly employed in the treatment of high blood pressure which
is an Angiotensin II Receptor blocker. The multiple mixtures of various antihypertensive medicaments
raise challenges in the method development and validation. A genuine venture is undertaken to compile
the literatures related to the antihypertensive drug Irbesartan published in various peer reviewed journals.
HPLC and UV spectrophotometry are the most preferred analytical techniques when compared to
other methods. This present review provides an in-depth assortment of various analytical techniques
published for Irbesartan and its combinations, which will help the researchers in their future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivedhitha Mathivanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai 97, India
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Darwish IA, Darwish HW, Bakheit AH, Al-Kahtani HM, Alanazi Z. Irbesartan (a comprehensive profile). PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2020; 46:185-272. [PMID: 33461698 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irbesartan, (2-butyl-3-({4-[2-(2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl}methyl)-1,3-diazaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-4-one), is a member of non-peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists used worldwide in the treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. Irbesartan can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide). These combination products are indicated for hypertension in patients with uncontrolled hypertension with monotherapy or first line in patients not expected to be well controlled with monotherapy. Irbesartan is also indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, an elevated serum creatinine, and proteinuria. Irbesartan exerts its action mainly via a selective blockade action on AT1 receptors and the consequent reduced pressor effect of angiotensin II. This article discusses, by a critical comprehensive review of the literature on irbesartan in terms of its description, names, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, and therapeutic uses. The article also discusses the methods for preparation of irbesartan, its physical-chemical properties, analytical methods for its determination, pharmacological-toxicological properties, and dosing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hamad M Al-Kahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahi Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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8
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Ashour S, Bayram R. Selective and validated kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of irbesartan in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2018; 77:101-111. [PMID: 30471775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel-coupling reagent is used for the simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric determination of irbesartan (IRB) in pure or pharmaceutical formulations. The method utilizes an oxidative coupling reaction based on oxidation of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride monohydrate (MBTH) with Ce(IV) in 2% sulfuric acid medium, followed by coupling the produced electrophilic intermediate (diazonium salt of the reagent) with IRB to give greenish-blue colored product (1:1, stoichiometry) having maximum absorption at 629nm and the colored species is stable for more than 1h. The initial rate and fixed time (at 35min) methods are adopted for determination of IRB concentration. The linearity is in the ranges of 5.0-40.0μg/mL and 2.0-45.0μg/mL and the limit of detection is 0.46 and 0.40μg/mL for initial rate and fixed time methods, respectively. Molar absorptivity for the method was found to be 1.50×104L/molcm. The validated kinetic methods can be successfully applied to the analysis of IRB in bulk and tablet dosage form and in the routine quality control analysis. The percentage recoveries were above 100% for both methods. The excipients did not interfere in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - R Bayram
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Salah GA, Abd El-Wadood HM, Khairy M, Khorshed AA. Two selective HPTLC methods for determination of some angiotensin II receptor antagonists in tablets and biological fluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A. Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Hanaa M. Abd El-Wadood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sohag University; Sohag Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Khorshed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; Sohag University; Sohag Egypt
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10
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Mucoadhesive polymers: Synthesis and in vitro characterization of thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol). Int J Pharm 2016; 503:141-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Clancy P, Koblar S, Golledge J. Involvement of Angiotensin II Type 1 and 2 Receptors in Gelatinase Regulation in Human Carotid Atheroma in vitro. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:773-91. [PMID: 26947595 DOI: 10.5551/jat.31401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), angiotensin II (AII) and its receptors are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque instability, however the roles of the two receptor subtypes, ATR1 and ATR2, in MMP regulation remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATR1 and ATR2 blockade on the expression and activity of MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9, in human carotid atheroma. METHODS Atheroma samples (n=36) were obtained from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The effects of ATR1 (irbesartan), ATR2 (PD123319) and combined ATR1 and ATR2 blockade on the expression and activity of the MMPs and the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were investigated in explant culture experiments. Paired atheroma samples were incubated with the intervention or media control for 4 days. Protein levels (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-4, ATR1 and ATR2) were determined by ELISA. Overall gelatinase activity and specific activation were measured by chromogenic activity assays and zymography, respectively. RESULTS ATR1 blockade, but not ATR2 blockade significantly reduced TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and TIMP-4 expression in atheroma supernatant. Combined ATR1 and ATR2 blockade significantly reduced MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression. MMP-2 and MMP-9 relative activation, and overall MMP-9 catalytic capacity were significantly increased by ATR1 blockade. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ATR1 blockade reduces TIMP expression and increases gelatinase activity in human carotid atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Clancy
- Health practitioners And Researchers Together-Blood, Endothelium And Tissue (HART-BEAT), Biomedicine, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University
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12
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Simultaneous determination of Repaglinide and Irbesartan in biological plasmas using micellar enhanced excitation-emission matrix fluorescence coupled with ATLD method. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-5569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Quantitative analysis of drugs in biological matrices by HPLC hyphenated to fluorescence detection. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:743-62. [PMID: 25871590 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An overview of the state-of-the art in HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection is presented. Over the last 20 years, the increasing number of methodological papers on this topic (4082 between 1994 and 2004 and 7725 between 2004 and 2014) is testament to its utility in bioanalytical applications. Compared with conventional UV absorbance detection used in HPLC, fluorescence detection can greatly enhance the sensitivity leading to limits of detection similar to those obtained with mass spectrometry, offering researchers a sensitive, robust and relatively inexpensive instrumental method. This work will focus on the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in different biological matrices, either naturally fluorescent or derivatized with a fluorescent agent, and some of them chiral. Therapeutic applications, sample preparation and derivatization, sensitivity for each example are described.
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14
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Wani TA, Zargar S. New ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of irbesartan in human plasma. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:569-576. [PMID: 28911717 PMCID: PMC9351789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the objective of reducing analysis time and maintaining good efficiency, there has been substantial focus on high-speed chromatographic separations and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is a preeminent analytical tool for rapid biomedical analysis. In this study a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantification of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, irbesartan (IRB), in human plasma. After a simple protein precipitation using methanol and acetonitrile, IRB and internal standard (IS) telmisartan were separated on Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) using a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: methanol: 10 mM ammonium acetate (70: 15: 15 v/v/v) with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and detected MS/MS in negative ion mode. The ion transitions recorded in multiple reaction monitoring mode were m/z 427.2→193.08 for IRB and m/z 513.2→469.3 for IS. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 2-500 ng/mL for IRB in human plasma with good correlation coefficient of (0.995) and with a lower limit of quantitation of 2 ng/mL. The intra- and interassay precisions were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations did not exceed 9.91%. The proposed UPLC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive, and hence it could be reliable for pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic study in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Hedaya MA, Helmy SA. Modeling of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction between irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in normotensive subjects. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:216-31. [PMID: 25545238 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) interaction between irbesartan (IRB) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in normotensive subjects. METHODS A three-way crossover study was used. Serial drug concentrations and drug effects, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were monitored after administration of irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide alone and in combination. The data were fitted to a PK/PD model and the parameters for irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide when administered alone and in combination were compared. RESULTS The plasma profiles for irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide followed the two-compartment model after a single dose. The PK parameters of irbesartan were not affected by hydrochlorothiazide; however irbesartan decreased the hydrochlorothiazide AUC by 25% and increased its clearance by 25%. There were no significant changes in heart rate after each drug alone or in combination. Irbesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide had a greater blood pressure lowering effect compared with irbesartan alone, despite the unchanged irbesartan PK. The relationship between irbesartan plasma concentration and its effects plotted in chronological order showed anticlockwise hysteresis. The PD parameter estimates for the effect of irbesartan on systolic blood pressure, when administered with hydrochlorothiazide were significantly different from those when irbesartan was administered alone. This was manifested by a 25% increase in Emax , and a 40% decrease in EC50 , suggesting a synergistic blood pressure lowering effect for the combination. While parameter estimates for the effect of irbesartan on diastolic blood pressure were changed by hydrochlorothiazide, the differences were only significant for EC50 . CONCLUSION A limited potential for clinically significant interactions between irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide at the given doses were observed; therefore, no dosage adjustments were recommended for either drug when used together. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01858610)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen A Hedaya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait
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El-Rahman Hussein S, El-Wadood H, Abou-Elwafa Abdallah M, El-Hamid Khorshed A. Development of two high-performance thin-layer chromatographic methods for the determination of irbesartan in tablets and plasma. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.28.2015.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Angiotensin receptor 1 blockade reduces secretion of inflammation associated cytokines from cultured human carotid atheroma and vascular cells in association with reduced extracellular signal regulated kinase expression and activation. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Qiu X, Wang Z, Wang B, Zhan H, Pan X, Xu RA. Simultaneous determination of irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a bioequivalence study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 957:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Huo X, Liu Q, Wang C, Meng Q, Sun H, Peng J, Ma X, Sun P, Liu K. Inhibitory Effect of Valsartan on the Intestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion of Bestatin in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:719-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Goswami N. A validated stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for determination of process related impurities and degradation behavior of Irbesartan in solid oral dosage. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2014; 5:33-40. [PMID: 24695518 PMCID: PMC3960792 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.126985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the development and validation of a stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the estimation of degradation and process related impurities of Irbesartan, namely Impurity-1, Impurity-2, Impurity-3 and Impurity-4. The developed LC method was validated with respect to specificity, limit of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Hypersil Octadecylsilyl (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3 μm) column by using mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvent A (0.55% v/v ortho-phosphoric acid, pH adjusted to 3.2 with triethyl amine) and B (95:5 v/v mixture of acetonitrile and solvent A) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The detection was carried out at a wavelength of 220 nm. During method validation parameter such as precision, linearity, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection and quantification were evaluated, which remained within acceptable limits. HPLC analytical method is linear, accurate, precise, robust and specific, being able to separate the main drug from its degradation products. The degradation products were well-resolved from the main peak and its impurities, thus proving the stability-indicating power of the method. The method is stability-indicating in nature and can be used for routine analysis of production samples and to check the stability of the Irbesartan HCl tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Goswami
- Analytical Research Division, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, AR and D division, IPDO, Bachupally, Rajasthan, India
- Singhania University, Pacheri Bari, Jhunjhunu District, Rajasthan, India
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21
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Tiwari HK, Monif T, Prasad Verma PR, Reyar S, Khuroo AH, Mishra S. Quantitative estimation of irbesartan in two different matrices and its application to human and dog bioavailability studies using LC–MS/MS. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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22
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Muszalska I, Sobczak A, Dołhań A, Jelińska A. Analysis of Sartans: a review. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:2-28. [PMID: 24227012 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular diseases is closely related to hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and diabetes. When these risk factors appear together they are referred to as a metabolic syndrome. In the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a combination of antihypertensive, hypolipemiant, and antidiabetic drugs is often applied. Diuretics (chlortalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, etc.) and angiotensin II receptors antagonist (sartans) are used to control hypertension, whereas statins (fluvastatin, simvastatin, etc.) are used to reduce cholesterol levels. This review is concerned with methods for the analysis of sartans in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations, environmental and biological samples, and discusses the current status of stability studies of sartans . It also presents analytical methods for the simultaneous determination of sartans, diuretics, and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Muszalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznań, 60-780, Poland
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23
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Role of the angiotensin converting enzyme 1/angiotensin II/angiotensin receptor 1 axis in interstitial collagenase expression in human carotid atheroma. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:331-7. [PMID: 23880184 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Angiotensin II (AII) receptor 1 (ATR1) and angiotensin converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) blockers have been shown to reduce acute cardiovascular events in patients, improve plaque stability and modify matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. However, the role of the ACE1/AII/ATR1 axis in interstitial collagenase regulation has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of ATR1 and ACE1 blockade on the expression and activity of MMP-1, -8 and -13 in human carotid atheroma. METHODS Atheroma samples (n = 24) were obtained from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The effects of ATR1 (irbesartan), ACE1 (quinapril), ACE2 (DX600) and MMP (GM6001) blockade on the expression of AII, the interstitial collagenases and soluble elastin fragments were investigated in explant culture supernatants. Paired atheroma samples were incubated with intervention or media control for 4 days. Protein levels (AII, MMP-1, -8, -13 and soluble elastin) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ATR1, but not ACE1, blockade significantly reduced MMP-1 and -8 concentrations in atheroma supernatants. ACE2 blockade significantly increased MMP-1 and -8 concentrations in atheroma supernatants. AII concentration in atheroma supernatants significantly increased after ATR1, ACE1 and ACE2 blockade. Release of soluble elastin fragments increased after ATR1 and ACE1 blockade, but was not changed by an MMP inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ATR1 blockade alters AII, MMP-1, MMP-8 expression and a marker of elastin degradation in human atheroma, but that the elastin degradation response is not MMP driven. This data contributes to the recognised ability of ATR1 blockade to modify plaque stability.
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Baranowska I, Magiera S, Baranowski J. Clinical applications of fast liquid chromatography: a review on the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 927:54-79. [PMID: 23462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing the medicine today is developing new therapies that enhance human health. To help address these challenges the utilization of analytical technologies and high-throughput automated platforms has been employed; in order to perform more experiments in a shorter time frame with increased data quality. In the last decade various analytical strategies have been established to enhance separation speed and efficiency in liquid chromatography applications. Liquid chromatography is an increasingly important tool for monitoring drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, liquid chromatography has played an important role in pharmacokinetics and metabolism studies at these drug development stages since its introduction. This paper provides an overview of current trends in fast chromatography for the analysis of cardiovascular drugs and their metabolites in clinical applications. Current trends in fast liquid chromatographic separations involve monolith technologies, fused-core columns, high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The high specificity in combination with high sensitivity makes it an attractive complementary method to traditional methodology used for routine applications. The practical aspects of, recent developments in and the present status of fast chromatography for the analysis of biological fluids for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, pharmacokinetic studies and bioequivalence studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 7M. Strzody Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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25
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Rao RN, Bompelli S, Maurya PK. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of anti- hypertensive drugs on dried blood spots using a fluorescence detector - method development and validation. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1252-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- HPLC/UV Group, Analytical Chemistry Division; Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT); Tarnaka; Hyderabad; 500607; India
| | - Sravan Bompelli
- HPLC/UV Group, Analytical Chemistry Division; Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT); Tarnaka; Hyderabad; 500607; India
| | - Pawan K. Maurya
- HPLC/UV Group, Analytical Chemistry Division; Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT); Tarnaka; Hyderabad; 500607; India
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Quantitation of irbesartan and major proteins in human plasma by mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyzer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:100-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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