Quantitative determination of lisinopril in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study: Quantitative determination of lisinopril in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS

Synthesis and Crystalline Structure of Zinc Complexes with Antihypertensive Drug Lisinopril

The structural investigation of Zn2+ complexes with the ligand lisinopril (LIS), an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), was performed. The main objective is to compare if Zn-LIS coordination in vitro is similar to that observed in vivo. Two zinc complexes were obtained from different synthetic routes. The synthesis of LISZn1 used stirring, while for LISZn2 involved solvothermal conditions, which favoured the full deprotonation of lisinopril ligand. In this sense, the different synthetic routes resulted in the formation of complexes with notorious chemical and structural differences. The crystal structure of LISZn2 showed that the ligand is coordinated to Zn2+ ion by oxygen and nitrogen atoms which is different from that observed in vivo. In vitro, the coordination of lisinopril occurs only by an oxygen atom of the central carboxylate group. LISZn2 forms a one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer and presents disorder atoms in its unit cell.

Fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma

A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril (LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards (ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges using 100 µL of plasma, followed by liquid chromatography on Hypersil Gold C₁₈ (50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 µm) column. The analytes were eluted within 2.0 min using acetonitrile-5.0 mM ammonium formate, pH 4.5 (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes and ISs were analyzed in the negative ionization mode and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.50-250.0 ng/mL for both the analytes. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) was ≤5.26% and their extraction recoveries were in the range of 96.6%-103.1%. Matrix effect evaluated in terms of IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 for both the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of the drugs using 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers.

Fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma

A sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of lisinopril (LIS) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in human plasma using their labeled internal standards (ISs). Sample pre-treatment involved solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges using 100 µL of plasma, followed by liquid chromatography on Hypersil Gold C₁₈ (50 mm×3.0 mm, 5 µm) column. The analytes were eluted within 2.0 min using acetonitrile-5.0 mM ammonium formate, pH 4.5 (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes and ISs were analyzed in the negative ionization mode and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.50–250.0 ng/mL for both the analytes. The intra-batch and inter-batch precision (% CV) was ≤5.26% and their extraction recoveries were in the range of 96.6%–103.1%. Matrix effect evaluated in terms of IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 0.97 to 1.03 for both the analytes. The validated method was successfully applied to determine the plasma concentration of the drugs using 10 mg lisinopril and 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide fixed dose formulation in 18 healthy Indian volunteers.

Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Lisinopril in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Patients: Implications for Starting Dose Selection

Hypertension in pediatric kidney transplant recipients contributes to long-term graft loss, yet treatment options--including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors--are poorly characterized in this vulnerable population. We conducted a multicenter, open-label pharmacokinetic (PK) study of daily oral lisinopril in 22 children (ages 7-17 years) with stable kidney transplant function. Standard noncompartmental PK analyses were performed at steady state. Effects on blood pressure were examined in lisinopril-naïve patients (n = 13). Oral clearance declined in proportion to underlying kidney function; however, in patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (30-59 ml/min per 1.73m(2)), exposure (standardized to 0.1 mg/kg/day dose) was within the range reported previously in children without a kidney transplant. In lisinopril-naïve patients, 85% and 77% had a ≥ 6 mmHg reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Lisinopril was well tolerated. Our study provides initial insight on lisinopril use in children with a kidney transplant, including starting dose considerations.