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Bhushan R. Sustainable solutions for direct TLC enantioseparation with in-home thought-out, prepared/modified chiral stationary phases. Biomed Chromatogr 2024:e6000. [PMID: 39318154 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
TLC is used globally, yet less attention has been paid to TLC (in enantioseparation) despite its advantages. The present paper describes/reviews successfully practiced direct approaches of 'chiral additive in achiral stationary phase' (as an application of in-home thought out, prepared, tested, and modified chiral stationary phase), 'pre-mixing of chiral reagent with the enantiomeric mixture' (an approach using both achiral phases during chromatographic separation) and 'chiral additive in mobile phase', and chiral ligand exchange for enantioseparation of DL-amino acids, their derivatives, and some active pharmaceutical ingredients. It provided efficient enantioseparation, quantitative determination, and isolation of native forms via in-situ formation of non-covalent diastereomeric pair. The mechanism of enantioseparation in these approaches has been discussed along with the isolation and establishment of the structure of diastereomers. This may help chemists gain useful insights into fields outside their specialization and the experts get brief accounts of recent key developments, providing solutions for sustainable development of less expensive methods for control of enantiomeric purity and isolation of native enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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Bhushan R. 'Ab Ovo' Chiral Phases and Chiral Reagents for Liquid Chromatographic Separation and Isolation of Enantiomers. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100295. [PMID: 35005840 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The de-novo approach of mixing chirally pure reagents or Cu(II)-L-amino acid complexes in the slurry of silica gel for preparing TLC plates was reported from author's laboratory and was successful for separation and isolation of enantiomers. Using high molar absorptivity molecules, e. g., 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cyanuric chloride, more than 38 new chiral derivatizing reagents were synthesized in our laboratory by straightforward nucleophilic substitution with simple chiral auxiliaries. Besides, (S)-naproxen, (S)-ketoprofen, and (S)-levofloxacin were used as chiral platforms. A conceptual approach using both achiral phases in chromatography for enantioseparation was also adopted. 1 H NMR and DFT based software were used to explain structures of non-covalent and covalent diastereomeric pairs and determination of configuration and separation mechanism. The methods can be easily used to determine and control enantiomeric purity with advantages over a variety of commercial chiral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, India
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Mary YS, Mary YS, Armaković S, Armaković SJ, Yadav R, Celik I, Mane P, Chakraborty B. Stability and reactivity study of bio-molecules brucine and colchicine towards electrophile and nucleophile attacks: Insight from DFT and MD simulations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Afzal A, Thayyil MS, Shariq M, Mary YS, Resmi KS, Thomas R, Islam N, Abinu AJ. Anti‐Cancerous Brucine and Colchicine: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aboothahir Afzal
- Department of PhysicsCalicut University, Malappuram district Kerala
- Department of PhysicsGovt. Arts and Science college Calicut Kerala
| | | | - Mohammad Shariq
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of ScienceJazan University, Jazan Saudi Arabia
| | - Yohannan Sheena Mary
- Department of PhysicsFatima Mata National College(Autonomous), Kollam, Kerala India
| | | | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of ChemistrySt. Berchmans College (Autonomous), Changanasserry, Kerala India
| | - Nasarul Islam
- Department of ChemistryGovt. Degree College, Sopore, J&K-193201 India
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Batra S, Bhushan R. Bioassay, determination and separation of enantiomers of atenolol by direct and indirect approaches using liquid chromatography: A review. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Batra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences; GD Goenka University; Gurgaon India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee India
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Martens J, Bhushan R. Enantioseparations in Achiral Environments and Chromatographic Systems. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Martens
- Institute of Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, DE- 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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Singh M, Bhushan R. HPLC enantioseparation of racemic bupropion, baclofen and etodolac: modification of conventional ligand exchange approach by pre-column formation of chiral ligand exchange complexes. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1728-1732. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247667 India
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Del Bubba M, Checchini L, Cincinelli A, Lepri L. Enantioseparations by thin-layer chromatography. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:29-43. [PMID: 23283769 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An up-to-date overview of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) techniques for chiral separations of various significant and/or recent examples of enantioresolutions is reported. Furthermore, examples for chiral separations obtained on achiral commercially available C18 TLC plates are described in detail. These include the enantioseparation of methylthiohydantoin-phenylalanine and methylthiohydantoin-tyrosine using hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin as mobile phase additive and the separation of the enantiomers of warfarin and p-chlorowarfarin using bovine serum albumin as mobile phase additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Del Bubba M, Checchini L, Lepri L. Thin-layer chromatography enantioseparations on chiral stationary phases: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:533-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Soliman S, Youssef N. Enantiomeric thin-layer chromatographic assay of escitalopram in presence of “in-process impurities”. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Rong F, Feng X, Yuan C, Fu D, Li P. Chiral Separation of Mandelic Acid and Its Derivatives by Thin‐Layer Chromatography Using Molecularly Imprinted Stationary Phases. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600915213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Rong
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chunwei Yuan
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Degang Fu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics , Southeast University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- b Bioengineering Dept. , Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , Beijing, China
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Taha EA, Salama NN, Wang S. Micelle enhanced fluorimetric and thin layer chromatography densitometric methods for the determination of (+/-) citalopram and its S-enantiomer escitalopram. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2009; 4:1-9. [PMID: 19652757 PMCID: PMC2716673 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two sensitive and validated methods were developed for determination of a racemic mixture citalopram and its enantiomer S-(+) escitalopram. The first method was based on direct measurement of the intrinsic fluorescence of escitalopram using sodium dodecyl sulfate as micelle enhancer. This was further applied to determine escitalopram in spiked human plasma, as well as in the presence of common and co-administrated drugs. The second method was TLC densitometric based on various chiral selectors was investigated. The optimum TLC conditions were found to be sensitive and selective for identification and quantitative determination of enantiomeric purity of escitalopram in drug substance and drug products. The method can be useful to investigate adulteration of pure isomer with the cheap racemic form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham A Taha
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 6-Abu Hazem Street, Pyramids Ave. P.O. Box 29, 35521 Giza, Egypt.
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Taha EA, Salama NN, Wang S. Enantioseparation of cetirizine by chromatographic methods and discrimination by1H-NMR. Drug Test Anal 2009; 1:118-24. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pyka A. Analytical Evaluation of Visualizing Reagents used to Detect Ibuprofen on Thin Layers. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802671614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pyka
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia , Sosnowiec, Poland
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Bhushan R, Kumar V. Indirect resolution of baclofen enantiomers from pharmaceutical dosage form by reversed-phase liquid chromatography after derivatization with Marfey's reagent and its structural variants. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:906-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bhushan R, Gupta D, Mukherjee A. Liquid chromatographic analysis of certain commercial formulations for non-opioid analgesics. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:1284-90. [PMID: 17642068 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method for separation and quantitative determination of non-opioid analgesics from pharmaceutical preparations has been developed and validated. Commercial formulations of three non-opioid analgesics, viz. paracetamol, ibuprofen and diclofenac, were chosen for present studies. These were extracted, isolated, purified and recrystallized and were characterized by melting point, lambda(max) and IR. Quantitative determination was carried out using HPLC and TLC supplemented with UV spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
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