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Xue J, Laine RA, Matta KL. Enhancing MS(n) mass spectrometry strategy for carbohydrate analysis: A b2 ion spectral library. J Proteomics 2014; 112:224-49. [PMID: 25175058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Searchable mass spectral libraries for glycans may be enhanced using a B2 ion library. Using a quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometer, successive fragmentations of sodiated oligosaccharides were carried out in the positive ion mode. In B,Y-type fragmentation, disaccharide B2 ions are generated which correspond to specific glycosidic linkages using progressive MS stages. Fragmentation of "B2 ions" corresponding to glycosidic linkages such as Hex-Fuc, Hex-Hex, Hex-HexNAc, HexNAc-Hex and HexNAc-HexNAc, were systematically studied in low energy CID and collected to form a "B2 library". Linkages produce characteristic fragmentation patterns in the absence of cross-ring fragmentation. Patterns of "B2 ions" rely on relative stability of glycosidic bonds and carbohydrate-metal complexes in the gas phase. MS(n) studies of linear, branched trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides show that isomers for which B2 ion information is not available are rarely a problem in practice by their absence in an isomeric sequence or by their scarcity in nature. This MS strategy for linkage determination of carbohydrates aided by a "B2 library" was developed with a scope for expansion, providing an improved tool for glycomics. We validated this method examining levels of expressed activities of two glycosyl transferases in cancer cell lines: β3(B3GALNT2) and β4GalNAcT(B4GALNT3&4) that generate GalNAcβ3GlcNAcβ and GalNAcβ4GlcNAcβ. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glycosylation is an important class of the "postranslationome", which includes manifold aspects of post-translational protein modification, affecting protein conformation, providing ligands for protein receptors [1-5], and encoding unique haptenic [6,7] or antigenic markers for oncology [8-11] and other applications. Identification of individual monomeric units, linkages, ring size, branching and anomerity has posed significant challenges to mass spectrometrists. MS(n) is a growing key instrumental method to differentiate among isomers [12]. While the potential isomers in oligosaccharides are impossibly large [12], likely possibilities can be limited by the biological system, including the expressed glycosyl transferases [13-20]. Mass spectra from sequential stages of collision activation (MS(n)) can supply structural details for precise characterization of linkage, monomer ID, substitutions, anomerity and branching [21-25]. There is a fundamental need for high throughput tools in glycomics to complement proteome studies. In that regard, nothing could be more important than searchable spectral library files for structural confirmation. The National Academy of Science (NAS) report (http://glyco.nas.edu) recommends the need of more than 10,000 synthetic structures of carbohydrates to advance the field of glycomics. This study demonstrates that the general reproducibility of ion trap spectra, and energy independence from modes of ionization and collisional activation, make compiling an MS(n) library for carbohydrate identification an achievable research target [26]. We intend to use the new B2 library for carbohydrate differences found on cancers, where we profile the glycosyltransferases to predict classes of potential structures, and use the library for MS identification of the expected cohort of altered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xue
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Roger A Laine
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Louisiana State University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Khushi L Matta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; TumorEnd, LLC, Louisiana Emerging Technology Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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2
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Wuhrer M, Deelder AM, van der Burgt YEM. Mass spectrometric glycan rearrangements. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:664-80. [PMID: 21560141 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric rearrangement reactions have been reported for a large variety of compounds such as peptides, lipids, and carbohydrates. In the case of carbohydrates this phenomenon has been described as internal residue loss. Resulting fragment ions may be misinterpreted as fragments arising from conventional glycosidic bond cleavages, which may result in incorrect structural assignment. Therefore, awareness of the occurrence of glycan rearrangements is important for avoiding misinterpretation of tandem mass spectra. In this review mass spectrometric rearrangements of both derivatized and underivatized (native) oligosaccharide structures are discussed. Similar phenomena have been reported for glycopeptides, labeled glycan structures and other biomolecules containing a carbohydrate part. Rearrangements in oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates have been observed with different types of mass spectrometers. Most of the observed carbohydrate rearrangement reactions appear to be linked to the presence of a proton. Hence, tandem mass spectrometric analysis of alkali adducts or deprotonated ions often prevents rearrangement reactions, while they may happen with high efficacy with protonated glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Suzuki H, Kameyama A, Tachibana K, Narimatsu H, Fukui K. Computationally and Experimentally Derived General Rules for Fragmentation of Various Glycosyl Bonds in Sodium Adduct Oligosaccharides. Anal Chem 2008; 81:1108-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kameyama
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tachibana
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukui
- Computational Biology Research Center (CBRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and Research Center for Medical Glycoscience (RCMG), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Molecular Simulations and Conformational Studies of Fucoseα1-3)Gal(β1-X)GlcNAc where X=3, 4, or 6 Oligosaccharides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2008.29.9.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shioiri Y, Suzuki K, Kanie O. Mechanism of a gas-phase dissociation reaction of 4-aminobutyl glycosides under CID MS/MS conditions. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1132-1139. [PMID: 18324614 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of monosaccharides during the synthetic process of glycan structures is responsible for the diversity of this family of molecules. Because of the complexity of the glycan structure, synthesis of oligosaccharides and structural analysis have been difficult tasks. During efforts to develop glycosides carrying an aglycon that can be used in both functional and structural investigations, we found that 4-aminobutyl glycosides fulfill these criteria. We also observed that the glycosidic linkage underwent an interesting dissociation reaction under collision-induced MS/MS, and that the reaction product is very useful in structural investigation based on mass spectrometry, especially since it provides information regarding anomeric configurations. Despite its importance, the reaction mechanism of the dissociation is not fully understood. For this reason, we studied the mechanism by synthesizing possible products and used them in detailed analyses based on energy-resolved mass spectrometry where the energy dependence of the dissociation reaction was analyzed under collision-induced dissociation conditions. As a result of spectral match with one of synthesized reference compounds, it was suggested that the dissociation reaction to generate a C-ion species and a pyrrolidine took place through a five-membered transition state in two-step reaction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shioiri
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 4529 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Madhusudanan KP. Tandem mass spectra of ammonium adducts of monosaccharides: differentiation of diastereomers. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2006; 41:1096-104. [PMID: 16888745 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectra of ammonium adducts of monosaccharides gave characteristic fragmentation patterns involving elimination of NH3/H2O followed by multiple eliminations of H2O and cross ring cleavages. Tandem mass spectra were examined over a range of collision energies (1-20 eV) on a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. The breakdown behavior of the ammonium adducts revealed patterns that could differentiate diastereomers of monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Madhusudanan
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Applications of Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Structure Determination of Permethylated Sialic Acid-containing Oligosaccharides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2005.26.9.1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mendonca S, Cole RB, Zhu J, Cai Y, French AD, Johnson GP, Laine RA. Incremented alkyl derivatives enhance collision induced glycosidic bond cleavage in mass spectrometry of disaccharides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:63-78. [PMID: 12504335 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization and collision induced dissociation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used to determine the effect of spatial crowding of incremented alkyl groups of two anomeric pairs of peralkylated (methyl to pentyl) disaccharides (maltose/cellobiose and isomaltose/gentiobiose). Protonated molecules were generated which underwent extensive fragmentation under low energy conditions. For both the 1 --> 4 and 1 --> 6 alpha and beta isomers, at comparable collision energies the methyl derivative exhibited the least fragmentation followed by ethyl, propyl, butyl, and pentyl. Collision energy is converted to rotational-vibrational modes in competition with bond cleavage, as represented by the slope of product/parent ion (D/P) ratio versus offset energy. Variable rotational freedom at the glycosidic linkage with incremented alkyl groups is hypothesized to be responsible for this effect. Discrimination of anomeric configuration was also assessed for these stereoiosmeric disaccharides. A systematic study showed that an increasing discrimination was attained for the 1 --> 4 isomeric pair as the size of the derivative increased from methyl to pentyl. No anomeric discrimination was attained for the 1 --> 6 isomeric pair. Parent and product ion scans confirmed the consistency of fragmentation pathways among derivatives. Chem-X and MM3 molecular modeling programs were used to obtain minimum energy structures and freedom of motion volumes for the permethylated disaccharides. The modeling results correlated with the fragmentation ratios obtained in the mass spectrometer giving strong indication that the collision induced spectra are dependent on the freedom of rotational motion around the glycosidic bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanford Mendonca
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Franz AH, Lebrilla CB. Evidence for long-range glycosyl transfer reactions in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2002; 13:325-337. [PMID: 11951970 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(02)00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A long-range glycosyl transfer reaction was observed in the collision-induced dissociation Fourier transform (CID FT) mass spectra of benzylamine-labeled and 9-aminofluorene-labeled lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP I) and lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFH I). The transfer reaction was observed for the protonated molecules but not for the sodiated molecules. The long-range glycosyl transfer reaction involved preferentially one of the two L-fucose units in labeled LNDFH I. CID experiments with labeled LNFP I and labeled LNFP II determined the fucose with the greatest propensity for migration. Further experiments were performed to determine the final destination of the migrating fucose. Molecular modeling supported the experiments and reaction mechanisms are proposed.
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Mendonca S, Johnson GP, French AD, Laine RA. Conformational Analyses of Native and Permethylated Disaccharides. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013290u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanford Mendonca
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Glenn P. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Alfred D. French
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Roger A. Laine
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124, and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Xie Y, Tseng K, Lebrilla CB, Hedrick JL. Targeted use of exoglycosidase digestion for the structural elucidation of neutral O-linked oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2001; 12:877-884. [PMID: 11506219 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(01)00267-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exoglycosidase digestion in combination with the catalog-library approach (CLA) is used with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) to obtain the complete structure of oligosaccharides. The CLA is a collision-induced dissociation (CID)-based method used to determine the structure of O-linked neutral oligosaccharides. It provides both linkage and stereochemical information. Exoglycosidases are used to confirm independently the validity of the CLA. In some cases, the CLA provides structural information on all but a single residue. Exoglycosidase is used to refine these structures. In this way, exoglycosidase use is targeted employing only a small number of enzymes. Exoglycosidase arrays, which have been used with N-linked oligosaccharides, is avoided despite the larger variations in structures of O-linked species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Gamian A, Ulrich J, Defaye J, Mieszała M, Witkowska D, Romanowska E. Structural heterogeneity of the sialic-acid-containing oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharide of Hafnia alvei strain 2 as detected by FABMS studies. Carbohydr Res 1998; 314:201-9. [PMID: 10335589 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The structure of four oligosaccharide fractions from the Hafnia alvei strain 2 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been assigned by FABMS. This approach corroborates data previously established by NMR spectroscopy for the major oligosaccharides in these fractions [A. Gamian, E. Romanowska, U. Dabrowski, J. Dabrowski, Biochemistry 30 (1991) 5032-5038; E. Katzenellenbogen, A. Gamian, E. Romanowska, U. Dabrowski, J. Dabrowski, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194 (1993) 1058-1064; N. Ravenscroft, A. Gamian, E. Romanowska, Eur. J. Biochem. 227 (1995) 889-896]. In addition, the MS/MS with B/E linked scan technique allowed the detection of an additional oligosaccharide with the structure: [formula: see text] lacking the branched O-6 linked glucopyranose residue at the 3-linked Gal unit, which indicates a structural heterogeneity for the major oligosaccharide fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gamian
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wrocław, Poland.
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Kováčik V, Hirsch J, Heerma W, de Koster CG, Haverkamp J. Fast atom bombardment mass and tandem mass spectra of protonated and alkali cationized aldobiouronic and pseudoaldobiouronic acid per-O-methyl derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210291203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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