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Vadiveloo A, Foster L, Kwambai C, Bahri PA, Moheimani NR. Microalgae cultivation for the treatment of anaerobically digested municipal centrate (ADMC) and anaerobically digested abattoir effluent (ADAE). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145853. [PMID: 33621869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The successful cultivation of microalgae in wastewater establishes a waste to profit scenario as it combines treatment of a waste stream with production of valuable end-products. Here, growth and nutrient removal efficiency of three different locally isolated microalgal cultures (Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and a mixed consortium) cultivated in anaerobically digested municipal centrate (ADMC) and anaerobically digested abattoir effluent (ADAE) was evaluated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in specific growth rate and biomass productivity were recorded between Chlorella monocultures and the mixed culture grown in both effluents. Scenedesmus sp. monocultures was found incapable of growth in both ADMC and ADAE throughout the cultivation period resulting in the collapse of cultures and no further measurements on the growth, biomass production and nutrient removal efficiency of this alga in both effluent. Fq´/Fm´ values which represent the immediate photo-physiological status of microalgae found to be negatively inhibited when Scenedesmus sp. was grown in both effluents throughout the cultivation period. Fq´/Fm´ values of Chlorella sp. monocultures and the mixed cultures recovered back to normal (≈0.6) after an initial drop. Ammonium removal rates was found to be significantly higher (≈2 folds) for Chlorella sp. monocultures grown in both ADMC and ADAE when compared to the mixed cultures. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed in the removal of phosphate for both cultures in the different effluents. The total protein and carbohydrate content of the biomass produced was similar for both microalgae cultures grown using ADAE and ADMC. However, chlorophyll a and total carotenoids content were found to be higher (P < 0.05) for the cultures grown in ADAE than ADMC. Overall, Chlorella sp. monoculture was the most efficient option for treating both ADMC and ADAE while simultaneously generating protein rich biomass (up to 49%) that can be potentially exploited as aquaculture feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education School, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre of Water, Energy, Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Louise Foster
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education School, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Cherono Kwambai
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education School, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Parisa A Bahri
- Engineering and Energy, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Navid R Moheimani
- Algae R & D Centre, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education School, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Centre of Water, Energy, Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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Fernandes F, Silkina A, Fuentes-Grünewald C, Wood EE, Ndovela VLS, Oatley-Radcliffe DL, Lovitt RW, Llewellyn CA. Valorising nutrient-rich digestate: Dilution, settlement and membrane filtration processing for optimisation as a waste-based media for microalgal cultivation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 118:197-208. [PMID: 32892096 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Digestate produced from the anaerobic digestion of food and farm waste is primarily returned to land as a biofertiliser for crops, with its potential to generate value through alternative processing methods at present under explored. In this work, valorisation of a digestate resulting from the treatment of kitchen and food waste was investigated, using dilution, settlement and membrane processing technology. Processed digestate was subsequently tested as a nutrient source for the cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris, up to pilot-scale (800L). Dilution of digestate down to 2.5% increased settlement rate and induced release of valuable compounds for fertiliser usage such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Settlement, as a partial processing of digestate offered a physical separation of liquid and solid fractions at a low cost. Membrane filtration demonstrated efficient segregation of nutrients, with micro-filtration recovering 92.38% of phosphorus and the combination of micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, and nano-filtration recovering a total of 94.35% of nitrogen from digestate. Nano-filtered and micro-filtered digestates at low concentrations were suitable substrates to support growth of Chlorella vulgaris. At pilot-scale, the microalgae grew successfully for 28 days with a maximum growth rate of 0.62 day-1 and dry weight of 0.86 g⋅L-1. Decline in culture growth beyond 28 days was presumably linked to ammonium and heavy metal accumulation in the cultivation medium. Processed digestate provided a suitable nutrient source for successful microalgal cultivation at pilot-scale, evidencing potential to convert excess nutrients into biomass, generating value from excess digestate and providing additional markets to the anaerobic digestion sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleuriane Fernandes
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Alla Silkina
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Eleanor E Wood
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Vanessa L S Ndovela
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Darren L Oatley-Radcliffe
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Robert W Lovitt
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Carole A Llewellyn
- Algal Research Group, Bioscience Department, College of Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Cea‐Barcia G, López‐Caamal F, Torres‐Zúñiga I, Hernández‐Escoto H. Biogas purification via optimal microalgae growth: A literature review. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1513-1532. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Cea‐Barcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales., División de Ciencias de la Vida del campus Irapuato‐SalamancaUniversidad de Guanajuato Irapuato Mexico
| | - Fernando López‐Caamal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas del campus Guanajuato.Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Ixbalank Torres‐Zúñiga
- C. A. Telemática, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica., División de Ingenierías del campus Irapuato‐SalamancaUniversidad de Guanajuato Salamanca Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández‐Escoto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas del campus Guanajuato.Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato Mexico
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