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Fuchs T, Pälchen A, Jupke A. Influence of Mixed Salts on Retention Behavior of Model Proteins in Cation Exchange Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1696:463968. [PMID: 37054639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mobile phase composition is an important factor for a further improvement of ion exchange chromatography steps of proteins. In this work, the effects of mixed salts on the retention factors of the two model proteins lysozyme (LYZ) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in cation exchange chromatography (CEC) were investigated and compared to effects previously observed in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The model equation describing the effects in HIC was adjusted for linear gradient elution experiments in CEC. The investigated salts were sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate. By varying binary salt mixtures as well as using pure salts, model parameters were determined. The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of the predicted retention factors for the calibration runs was 4.1% for BSA and 3.1% for LYZ. Additional validation experiments proved the ability of the model to describe and predict retention behavior of the proteins for further salt compositions. Hereby, the NRMSE values for BSA and LYZ were 2.0% and 1.5%, respectively. While the retention factors of LYZ changed linearly with the salt composition, non-linearities in the impact of the anion composition were found for BSA. This was contributed to an overlay of a synergetic salt effect on a protein-specific effect by sulfate on BSA with non-specific effects of the ions for CEC. However, the impact of the synergetic effects on protein separation is lower for CEC than for HIC, as mixed salts do not increase the separation of these proteins. The best salt composition for separating BSA and LYZ is pure ammonium sulfate. Thus, synergetic salt effects can also occur in CEC, but they have a lower impact than in HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fuchs
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Alina Pälchen
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Andreas Jupke
- Fluid Process Engineering (AVT.FVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, Aachen 52074, Germany
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2
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Kreusser J, Ninni L, Jirasek F, Hasse H. Adsorption of conjugates of lysozyme and fluorescein isothiocyanate in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:133-141. [PMID: 36441112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates, such as antibody-drug conjugates or fluorescent-labeled proteins, are highly interesting for various applications in medicine and biology. In their production, not only the synthesis is challenging but also the downstream processing, for which hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is often used. However, in-depth studies of the adsorption of bioconjugates in HIC are still rare. Therefore, in the present work, three different conjugates of lysozyme and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were synthesized and isolated, and their adsorption on the hydrophobic resin Toyopearl PPG-600 M was systematically studied in batch experiments. The influence of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate with ionic strengths up to 2000 mM on the adsorption isotherms was investigated at pH 7.0 and 25 °C, and the results were compared to those for pure lysozyme. The conjugation leads to an increase of the adsorption in all studied cases. All studied conjugates contain only a single FITC and differ only in the position of the conjugation on the lysozyme. Despite this, strong differences in the adsorption behavior were observed. Moreover, a mathematical model was developed, which enables the prediction of the adsorption isotherms in the studied systems for varying ionic strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannette Kreusser
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Luciana Ninni
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Fabian Jirasek
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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An Experimental and Modeling Combined Approach in Preparative Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10051027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatography is a technique widely used in the purification of biopharmaceuticals, and generally consists of several chromatographic steps. In this work, Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) is investigated as a polishing step for the purification of therapeutic proteins. Adsorption mechanisms in hydrophobic interaction chromatography are still not completely clear and a limited amount of published data is available. In addition to new data on adsorption isotherms for some proteins (obtained both by high-throughput and frontal analysis method), and a comparison of different models proposed in the literature, two different approaches are compared in this work to investigate HIC. The predictive approach exploits an in-house code that simulates the behavior of the component in the column using the model parameters found from the fitting of experimental data. The estimation approach, on the other hand, exploits commercial software in which the model parameters are found by the fitting of a few experimental chromatograms. The two approaches are validated on some bind-elute runs: the predictive approach is very informative, but the experimental effort needed is high; the estimation approach is more effective, but the knowledge gained is lower. The second approach is also applied to an in-development industrial purification process and successfully resulted in predicting the behavior of the system, allowing for optimization with a reduction in the time and amount of sample needed.
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Kreusser J, Jirasek F, Hasse H. Influence of pH value and salts on the adsorption of lysozyme in mixed-mode chromatography. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:753-768. [PMID: 34764827 PMCID: PMC8576077 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC) is an interesting technique for challenging protein separation processes which typically combines adsorption mechanisms of ion exchange (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Adsorption equilibria in MMC depend on multiple parameters but systematic studies on their influence are scarce. In the present work, the influence of the pH value and ionic strengths up to 3000 mM of four technically relevant salts (sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate) on the lysozyme adsorption on the mixed-mode resin Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M was studied systematically at 25℃. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms at pH 5.0 and 6.0 were measured and compared to experimental data at pH 7.0 from previous work. For all pH values, an exponential decay of the lysozyme loading with increasing ionic strength was observed. The influence of the pH value was found to depend significantly on the ionic strength with the strongest influence at low ionic strengths where increasing pH values lead to decreasing lysozyme loadings. Furthermore, a mathematical model that describes the influence of salts and the pH value on the adsorption of lysozyme in MMC is presented. The model enables predicting adsorption isotherms of lysozyme on Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M for a broad range of technically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannette Kreusser
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Fabian Jirasek
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)TU KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
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Abstract
Mixed-mode chromatography (MMC), which combines features of ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), is an interesting method for protein separation and purification. The design of MMC processes is challenging as adsorption equilibria are influenced by many parameters, including ionic strength and the presence of different salts in solution. Systematic studies on the influence of those parameters in MMC are rare. Therefore, in the present work, the influence of four salts, namely, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium sulfate, on the adsorption of lysozyme on the mixed-mode resin Toyopearl MX-Trp-650M at pH 7.0 and 25°C was studied systematically in equilibrium adsorption experiments for ionic strengths between 0 mM and 3000 mM. For all salts, a noticeable adsorption strength was observed over the entire range of studied ionic strengths. An exponential decay of the loading of the resin with increasing ionic strength was found until approx. 1000 mM. For higher ionic strengths, the loading was found to be practically independent of the ionic strength. At constant ionic strength, the highest lysozyme loadings were observed for ammonium sulfate, the lowest for sodium chloride. A mathematical model was developed that correctly describes the influence of the ionic strength as well as the influence of the studied salts. The model is the first that enables the prediction of adsorption isotherms of proteins on mixed-mode resins in a wide range of technically interesting conditions, accounting for the influence of the ionic strength and four salts of practical relevance.
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Cristina Oliveira Neves I, Aparecida Rodrigues A, Teixeira Valentim T, Cristina Freitas de Oliveira Meira A, Henrique Silva S, Ayra Alcântara Veríssimo L, Vilela de Resende J. Amino acid-based hydrophobic affinity cryogel for protein purification from ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) leaves. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122435. [PMID: 33246278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The surfaces of the polyacrylamide cryogels were coated with L-tryptophan (cryogel-Trp) or L-phenylalanine (cryogel-Phe) to enhance crude leaf extract-derived ora-pro-nobis (OPN) protein binding via pseudo-specific hydrophobic interactions. Cryogels functionalized with amino acids were prepared and characterized through morphological, hydrodynamic, and thermal analyses. The adsorption capacities of cryogel-Phe and cryogel-Trp were evaluated in terms of type (sodium sulfate or sodium phosphate) and concentration (0.02 or 0.10 mol∙L-1) of saline solution, pH (4.0, 5.5, or 7.0), and NaCl concentration (0.0 or 0.5 mol∙L-1). The cryogel-Phe presented a higher adsorptive capacity, achieving its maximum value (q = 92.53 mg∙g-1) when the crude OPN crude leaf extract was diluted in sodium sulfate 0.02 mol∙L-1 + NaCl 0.50 mol∙L-1, at pH = 7.0. The dilution rate significantly (p < 0.05) affected the recovered protein amount after the adsorption and elution processes, reaching 94.45% when the feedstock solution was prepared with a crude extract 5 times. The zeta potential for the eluted OPN proteins was 5.76 mV (pH = 3.23) for both dilution rates. The secondary structure composition mainly included β-sheets (46.50%) and α-helices (13.93%). The cryogel-Phe exhibited interconnected pores ranging 20-300 μm in size, with a Young modulus of 1.51 MPa, and thermal degradation started at 230 °C. These results indicate that the cryogel-Phe exhibited satisfactory properties as promising chromatography support for use in high-throughput purification of crude leaf extract-derived OPN proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Henrique Silva
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime Vilela de Resende
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
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Prediction of the elution profiles of proteins in mixed salt systems in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rodler A, Ueberbacher R, Beyer B, Jungbauer A. Calorimetry for studying the adsorption of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:1-20. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1487852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Rodler
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Ueberbacher
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Beyer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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Jirasek F, Garcia EJ, Hackemann E, Galeotti N, Hasse H. Influence of pH and Salts on Partial Molar Volume of Lysozyme and Bovine Serum Albumin in Aqueous Solutions. Chem Eng Technol 2018; 41:2337-2345. [PMID: 31007400 PMCID: PMC6472598 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The partial molar volume of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin in aqueous solutions at different pH values and in aqueous solutions containing sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate at different concentrations at pH 7.0 was investigated experimentally at 298.15 K and 1 bar. It was found that the influence of the pH value and the salts on the partial molar volume of the proteins is small, but trends were measurable. Furthermore, the partial molar volume of lysozyme in pure water at different pH values and in aqueous solutions with different sodium chloride concentrations at pH 7.0 was predicted by molecular simulations. The predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jirasek
- University of KaiserslauternLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 4467663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Edder J. Garcia
- University of KaiserslauternLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 4467663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Eva Hackemann
- University of KaiserslauternLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 4467663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Nadia Galeotti
- University of KaiserslauternLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 4467663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Hans Hasse
- University of KaiserslauternLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 4467663KaiserslauternGermany
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Hackemann E, Hasse H. Mathematical modeling of adsorption isotherms in mixed salt systems in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1251-1260. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hackemann
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD)University of Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
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11
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Hackemann E, Hasse H. Influence of mixed electrolytes and pH on adsorption of bovine serum albumin in hydrophobic interaction chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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