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Koyama Y, Ogawa C, Kurihara C, Hashimoto N, Shinagawa S, Okazaki H, Koyama T, Sugahara K, Katakura A. Pathological examination of factors involved in PD-L1 expression in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2024; 46:31. [PMID: 39115623 PMCID: PMC11310371 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-024-00441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor tissues comprise cancer cells and stromal cells, and their interactions form the cancer microenvironment. Therefore, treatments targeting cells other than cancer cells are also actively being developed, and among them, treatment targeting PD-1, an immune checkpoint molecule that is important in tumor immune evasion, has also been indicated for head and neck cancer. PD-L1, a ligand of PD-1, is expressed in both tumor cells and stromal cells, and the scoring system based on the combined positivity rates of both types of cells, the combined positive score (CPS), is used for predicting treatment effect. However, much is unknown regarding the expression of PD-L1. In this study, we histopathologically examined factors controlling the expression of PD-1/PD-L1. This study included 37 patients who underwent resection surgery for tongue squamous cell carcinoma in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital. The expression levels of PD-L1, α-SMA, and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Seven participants had CPS ≥ 20, twenty-four participants had 1 ≤ CPS < 20, and six participants had CPS < 1. The overall positivity rate of α-SMA, a marker for cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), was 27% (10/37 participants), and the positivity rates of α-SMA for the three CPS groups were 85.7% (6/7 participants), 16.7% (4/24 participants), and 0% (0/6 participants), respectively. In addition, the overall positivity rate of p53 was 37.8% (14/37 participants), and the positivity rates of p53 for the three CPS groups were 71.4% (5/7 participants), 37.5% (9/24 participants), and 0% (0/6 participants), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The expression of PD-L1 demonstrated an association with α-SMA and p53 positivity. In addition, compared with the expression of p53, the expression of α-SMA demonstrated a higher association with PD-L1 expression in patients with a high CPS. The abovementioned findings suggest that the interactions between CAFs, cancer cells, and immunocompetent cells may regulate the expression of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ogawa
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan, 281 Miyazato, Uruma-Shi, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kurihara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Hashimoto
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Shinagawa
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Okazaki
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugahara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-Cho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Hu Y, Sarkar A, Song K, Michael S, Hook M, Wang R, Heczey A, Song X. Selective refueling of CAR T cells using ADA1 and CD26 boosts antitumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101530. [PMID: 38688275 PMCID: PMC11148642 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is hindered in solid tumor treatment due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and suboptimal T cell persistence. Current strategies do not address nutrient competition in the microenvironment. Hence, we present a metabolic refueling approach using inosine as an alternative fuel. CAR T cells were engineered to express membrane-bound CD26 and cytoplasmic adenosine deaminase 1 (ADA1), converting adenosine to inosine. Autocrine secretion of ADA1 upon CD3/CD26 stimulation activates CAR T cells, improving migration and resistance to transforming growth factor β1 suppression. Fusion of ADA1 with anti-CD3 scFv further boosts inosine production and minimizes tumor cell feeding. In mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, metabolically refueled CAR T cells exhibit superior tumor reduction compared to unmodified CAR T cells. Overall, our study highlights the potential of selective inosine refueling to enhance CAR T therapy efficacy against solid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism
- Humans
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Mice
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Inosine
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Song
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Michael
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Synthesis Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Magnus Hook
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andras Heczey
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatric, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaotong Song
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Sun W, Xie S, Liu SF, Hu X, Xing D. Evolving Tumor Characteristics and Smart Nanodrugs for Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3919-3942. [PMID: 38708176 PMCID: PMC11070166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical physiological characteristics of tumors, such as weak acidity, low oxygen content, and upregulation of certain enzymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provide survival advantages when exposed to targeted attacks by drugs and responsive nanomedicines. Consequently, cancer treatment has significantly progressed in recent years. However, the evolution and adaptation of tumor characteristics still pose many challenges for current treatment methods. Therefore, efficient and precise cancer treatments require an understanding of the heterogeneity degree of various factors in cancer cells during tumor evolution to exploit the typical TME characteristics and manage the mutation process. The highly heterogeneous tumor and infiltrating stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular components collectively form a unique TME, which plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune escape. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods that can adapt to the evolutionary characteristics of tumors has become an intense focus in current cancer treatment research. This paper explores the latest understanding of cancer evolution, focusing on how tumors use new antigens to shape their "new faces"; how immune system cells, such as cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, help tumors become "invisible", that is, immune escape; whether the diverse cancer-associated fibroblasts provide support and coordination for tumors; and whether it is possible to attack tumors in reverse. This paper discusses the limitations of targeted therapy driven by tumor evolution factors and explores future strategies and the potential of intelligent nanomedicines, including the systematic coordination of tumor evolution factors and adaptive methods, to meet this therapeutic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshe Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Feng Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Laeeq T, Ahmed M, Sattar H, Zeeshan MH, Ali MB. Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and Metformin in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1325. [PMID: 38611003 PMCID: PMC11011099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor that usually presents when it has already metastasized. Therapeutic options for cure remain scarce and rely on combination chemotherapy with limited sustainability. Diabetes is considered an important risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer due to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which result in increased cell proliferation. More than half of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer eventually develop diabetes due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells. The interlinkage of both diseases might identify a possible preventative strategy for reducing the incidence of pancreatic carcinoma. This study reviewed the recent literature on the association between pancreatic cancer risk and SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RA, DPP-4 inhibitors, and biguanides. There are mixed data regarding the relationship between GLP-1 RA and DPP-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer, with some trials suggesting that they might increase the risk. In contrast, studies have mostly revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors have an antiproliferative effect on various tumors, such as liver, pancreatic, prostate, bowel, lung, and breast carcinoma, which might be due to their mechanism of blockage of reabsorption of glucose by cells, lowering the amount of available glucose for the growth of tumor cells. Metformin, the first-line agent for diabetes, has also been shown to be associated with decreasing pancreatic cancer risk and improving prognosis in those who already have the disease. Dedicated trials are needed to further delineate the association of antidiabetic drugs with the risk of pancreatic cancer in the general population, as previous studies have mostly focused on diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Laeeq
- Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Maheen Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Hina Sattar
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Hamayl Zeeshan
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Meher Binte Ali
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 827 Linden Ave., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Bagger MM, Sjölund J, Kim J, Kohler KT, Villadsen R, Jafari A, Kassem M, Pietras K, Rønnov-Jessen L, Petersen OW. Evidence of steady-state fibroblast subtypes in the normal human breast as cells-of-origin for perturbed-state fibroblasts in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:11. [PMID: 38229104 PMCID: PMC10790388 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human breast cancer most frequently originates within a well-defined anatomical structure referred to as the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU). This structure is endowed with its very own lobular fibroblasts representing one out of two steady-state fibroblast subtypes-the other being interlobular fibroblasts. While cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are increasingly appreciated as covering a spectrum of perturbed states, we lack a coherent understanding of their relationship-if any-with the steady-state fibroblast subtypes. To address this, we here established two autologous CAF lines representing inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) and myofibroblast CAFs (myCAFs) and compared them with already established interlobular- and lobular fibroblasts with respect to their origin and impact on tumor formation. METHODS Primary breast tumor-derived CAFs were transduced to express human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and sorted into CD105low and CD105high populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The two populations were tested for differentiation similarities to iCAF and myCAF states through transcriptome-wide RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) including comparison to an available iCAF-myCAF cell state atlas. Inference of origin in interlobular and lobular fibroblasts relied on RNA-Seq profiles, immunocytochemistry and growth characteristics. Osteogenic differentiation and bone formation assays in culture and in vivo were employed to gauge for origin in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs). Functional characteristics were assessed with respect to contractility in culture and interaction with tumor cells in mouse xenografts. The cells' gene expression signatures were tested for association with clinical outcome of breast cancer patients using survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. RESULTS We demonstrate that iCAFs have properties in common with interlobular fibroblasts while myCAFs and lobular fibroblasts are related. None of the CAFs qualify as bMSCs as revealed by lack of critical performance in bone formation assays. Functionally, myCAFs and lobular fibroblasts are almost equally tumor promoting as opposed to iCAFs and interlobular fibroblasts. A myCAF gene signature is found to associate with poor breast cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS We propose that iCAFs and myCAFs originate in interlobular and lobular fibroblasts, respectively, and more importantly, that the tumor-promoting properties of lobular fibroblasts render the TDLU an epicenter for breast cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Morsing Bagger
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lone Rønnov-Jessen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Koyama Y, Okazaki H, Shi Y, Mezawa Y, Wang Z, Sakimoto M, Ishizuka A, Ito Y, Koyama T, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Sugahara K, Hino O, Yang L, Maruyama R, Katakura A, Yasukawa T, Orimo A. Increased RUNX3 expression mediates tumor-promoting ability of human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18062-18077. [PMID: 37641472 PMCID: PMC10523979 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major stromal component of human breast cancers and often promote tumor proliferation, progression and malignancy. We previously established an experimental CAF (exp-CAF) cell line equipped with a potent tumor-promoting ability. It was generated through prolonged incubation of immortalized human mammary fibroblasts with human breast cancer cells in a tumor xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Herein, we found that the exp-CAFs highly express Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), while counterpart fibroblasts do not. In breast cancer patients, the proportion of RUNX3-positive stromal fibroblast-like cells tends to be higher in cancerous regions than in non-cancerous regions. These findings suggest an association of RUNX3 with CAF characteristics in human breast cancers. To investigate the functional role of RUNX3 in CAFs, the exp-CAFs with or without shRNA-directed knockdown of RUNX3 were implanted with breast cancer cells subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice. Comparison of the resulting xenograft tumors revealed that tumor growth was significantly attenuated when RUNX3 expression was suppressed in the fibroblasts. Consistently, Ki-67 and CD31 immunohistochemical staining of the tumor sections indicated reduction of cancer cell proliferation and microvessel formation in the tumors formed with the RUNX3-suppressed exp-CAFs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased RUNX3 expression could contribute to the tumor-promoting ability of CAFs through mediating cancer cell growth and neoangiogenesis in human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroya Okazaki
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mizuki Sakimoto
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akane Ishizuka
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Present address:
Department of Immunological DiagnosisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takumi Koyama
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research HospitalThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research HospitalThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, and Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery and OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Keisuke Sugahara
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer InstituteJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer Epigenomics, Cancer InstituteJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Katakura
- Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and SurgeryTokyo Dental CollegeTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiro Yasukawa
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and OncologyJuntendo University Faculty of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular PathogenesisJuntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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7
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Liang Q, Zhou XH. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:134-142. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i4.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that has a high incidence in all countries around the world. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a vital component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing an important role in the development of CRC. CAFs can release multiple cytokines and exosomes, activating a variety of related signaling pathways and boosting the processes of the invasion, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immunosuppression in CRC. Thus, CAFs are a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC. Understanding the role and mechanism of CAFs can provide new insights for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi-Han Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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8
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Liang Q, Zhou XH, Shen GF, Zhu F, Lian HF, Li X, Zheng JY, Li JP, Deng SM, Huang R. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:129-137. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i4.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy that has a high incidence in all countries around the world. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a vital component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing an important role in the development of CRC. CAFs can release multiple cytokines and exosomes, activating a variety of related signaling pathways and boosting the processes of the invasion, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immunosuppression in CRC. Thus, CAFs are a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC. Understanding the role and mechanism of CAFs can provide new insights for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi-Han Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gao-Fei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui-Fen Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Yi Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shui-Miao Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
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9
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Bozorgmehr N, Hnatiuk M, Peters AC, Elahi S. Depletion of polyfunctional CD26 highCD8 + T cells repertoire in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 36707896 PMCID: PMC9881277 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+ T cells play an essential role against tumors but the role of human CD8+CD26+ T cell subset against tumors, in particular, haematological cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains unknown. Although CD4+CD26high T cells are considered for adoptive cancer immunotherapy, the role of CD8+CD26+ T cells is ill-defined. Therefore, further studies are required to better determine the role of CD8+CD26+ T cells in solid tumors and haematological cancers. METHODS We studied 55 CLL and 44 age-sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The expression of CD26 on different T cell subsets (e.g. naïve, memory, effector, and etc.) was analyzed. Also, functional properties of CD8+CD26+ and CD8+CD26- T cells were evaluated. Finally, the plasma cytokine/chemokine and Galectin-9 (Gal-9) levels were examined. RESULTS CD26 expression identifies three CD8+ T cell subsets with distinct immunological properties. While CD26negCD8+ T cells are mainly transitional, effector memory and effectors, CD26lowCD8+ T cells are mainly naïve, stem cell, and central memory but CD26high T cells are differentiated to transitional and effector memory. CD26+CD8+ T cells are significantly reduced in CLL patients versus HCs. CD26high cells are enriched with Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells co-expressing CD161TVα7.2 and IL-18Rα. Also, CD26high cells have a rich chemokine receptor profile (e.g. CCR5 and CCR6), profound cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2), and cytolytic molecules (Granzyme B, K, and perforin) expression upon stimulation. CD26high and CD26low T cells exhibit significantly lower frequencies of CD160, 2B4, TIGIT, ICOS, CD39, and PD-1 but higher levels of CD27, CD28, and CD73 versus CD26neg cells. To understand the mechanism linked to CD26high depletion, we found that malignant B cells by shedding Galectin-9 (Gal-9) contribute to the elevation of plasma Gal-9 in CLL patients. In turn, Gal-9 and the inflammatory milieu (IL-18, IL-12, and IL-15) in CLL patients contribute to increased apoptosis of CD26high T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CD26+ T cells possess a natural polyfunctionality to traffic and exhibit effector functions and resist exhaustion. Therefore, they can be proposed for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Finally, neutralizing and/or inhibiting Gal-9 may preserve CD26highCD8+ T cells in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Bozorgmehr
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XSchool of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mark Hnatiuk
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepatment of Medicine Division of Hematology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Anthea C. Peters
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XSchool of Dentistry, Division of Foundational Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XLi Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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10
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Cerro PA, Mascaraque M, Gallego-Rentero M, Almenara-Blasco M, Nicolás-Morala J, Santiago JL, González S, Gracia-Cazaña T, Juarranz Á, Gilaberte Y. Tumor microenvironment in non-melanoma skin cancer resistance to photodynamic therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:970279. [PMID: 36338755 PMCID: PMC9634550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.970279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer has recently seen an increase in prevalence, and it is estimated that this grow will continue in the coming years. In this sense, the importance of therapy effectiveness has increased, especially photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic therapy has attracted much attention as a minimally invasive, selective and repeatable approach for skin cancer treatment and prevention. Although its high efficiency, this strategy has also faced problems related to tumor resistance, where the tumor microenvironment has gained a well-deserved role in recent years. Tumor microenvironment denotes a wide variety of elements, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells or the extracellular matrix, where their interaction and the secretion of a wide diversity of cytokines. Therefore, the need of designing new strategies targeting elements of the tumor microenvironment to overcome the observed resistance has become evident. To this end, in this review we focus on the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. We are also exploring new approaches consisting in the combination of new and old drugs targeting these cells with photodynamic therapy to enhance treatment outcomes of non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina A. Cerro
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gallego-Rentero
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Almenara-Blasco
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Jimena Nicolás-Morala
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santiago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experminetal Dermatology and Skin Biology, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
| | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ángeles Juarranz, ; Yolanda Gilaberte,
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11
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Boss AL, Damani T, Wickman TJ, Chamley LW, James JL, Brooks AES. Full spectrum flow cytometry reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity in first trimester placentae and phenotypic convergence in culture, providing insight into the origins of placental mesenchymal stromal cells. eLife 2022; 11:76622. [PMID: 35920626 PMCID: PMC9371602 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell technologies (RNA-sequencing, flow cytometry) are critical tools to reveal how cell heterogeneity impacts developmental pathways. The placenta is a fetal exchange organ, containing a heterogeneous mix of mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, perivascular, and progenitor cells). Placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSC) are also routinely isolated, for therapeutic and research purposes. However, our understanding of the diverse phenotypes of placental mesenchymal lineages, and their relationships remain unclear. We designed a 23-colour flow cytometry panel to assess mesenchymal heterogeneity in first-trimester human placentae. Four distinct mesenchymal subsets were identified; CD73+CD90+ mesenchymal cells, CD146+CD271+ perivascular cells, podoplanin+CD36+ stromal cells, and CD26+CD90+ myofibroblasts. CD73+CD90+ and podoplanin + CD36+ cells expressed markers consistent with cultured pMSCs, and were explored further. Despite their distinct ex-vivo phenotype, in culture CD73+CD90+ cells and podoplanin+CD36+ cells underwent phenotypic convergence, losing CD271 or CD36 expression respectively, and homogenously exhibiting a basic MSC phenotype (CD73+CD90+CD31-CD144-CD45-). However, some markers (CD26, CD146) were not impacted, or differentially impacted by culture in different populations. Comparisons of cultured phenotypes to pMSCs further suggested cultured pMSCs originate from podoplanin+CD36+ cells. This highlights the importance of detailed cell phenotyping to optimise therapeutic capacity, and ensure use of relevant cells in functional assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leabourn Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanvi Damani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tayla J Wickman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Larry W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jo L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Therapeutic Perspectives of CD26 Inhibitors in Imune-Mediated Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144498. [PMID: 35889373 PMCID: PMC9321265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) is highlighted in multiple studies to play a vital role in glucose metabolism by cleaving and inactivating the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) and gastric inhibitory protein (GIP). A large number of studies demonstrate that CD26 also plays an integral role in the immune system, particularly in T cell activation. CD26 is extensively expressed in immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The enzymatic activity of CD26 cleaves and regulates numerous chomokines and cytokines. CD26 inhibitors have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, while it is still under investigation as a therapy for immune-mediated diseases. In addition, CD26’s involvement in cancer immunology was also described. The review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects of CD26 inhibitors on immune-mediated diseases, as well as the mechanisms that underpin them.
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13
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Han S, Yang W, Qin C, Du Y, Ding M, Yin H, Xu T. Intratumoral fibrosis and patterns of immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:661. [PMID: 35710350 PMCID: PMC9205105 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intratumoral fibrosis was positively correlated with histological grade of renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and intratumoral inflammation. However, the association of intratumoral fibrosis with the immune infiltration of ccRCC was few evaluated. Methods We used the second harmonic generation (SHG)-based imaging technology and evaluated the intratumoral fibrosis in ccRCC, and then divided the patients into the high fibrosis group (HF) and the low fibrosis group (LF). Meanwhile, the Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between intratumoral fibrosis and the disease-free survival rate. Antibody arrays were used for seeking difference in cytokines and immune infiltration between the HF group (N = 11) and LF group (N = 11). The selected immune infiltration marker was then verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining in 45 ccRCC samples. Results Out of 640 cytokines and immune infiltration markers, we identified 115 proteins that were significantly different in quantity between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the Venn diagram indicated that six proteins, including Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4), were significantly associated with intratumoral fibrosis (p < 0.05). The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the proteins associated with intratumoral fibrosis were involved in the immunity and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of the CTLA4 was negatively correlated with collagen level, confirmed by IHC staining of CTLA4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions The study indicated that the intratumoral fibrosis level was negatively correlated with the expression of CTLA4 in the tumor immune microenvironment of the ccRCC, which posed the potential value of targeting the stroma of the tumor, a supplement to immunotherapy. However, the specific mechanism of this association is still unclear and needs further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09765-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchen Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Mengting Ding
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huaqi Yin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11 South Xizhimen Street, Beijing, 100044, China.
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14
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Vitale G, Caraglia M, Jung V, Kamradt J, Gentilini D, Di Martino MT, Dicitore A, Abate M, Tagliaferri P, Itro A, Ferro M, Balsamo R, De Sio M, Facchini G, Persani L, Schmitt K, Saar M, Stöckle M, Unteregger G, Zappavigna S. Molecular Characterization of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2943. [PMID: 35740605 PMCID: PMC9221001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal components surrounding epithelial cancer cells seem to play a pivotal role during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor invasion, and metastases. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-stroma interactions may yield novel therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. METHODS Gene expression profile of prostate-cancer associated fibroblast (PCAF) and prostate non-cancer associated fibroblast (PNAF) cells isolated from radical prostatectomy was performed by Illumina, analyzed, and further processed by Ingenuity®: IPA® software. qRT-PCR was performed on an independent set of 17 PCAF, 12 PNAF, and 12 fibroblast cell lines derived from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPHF). RESULTS Using microarray analysis, we found six upregulated genes and two downregulated genes in PCAFs compared to PNAFs. To validate microarray results, we performed qRT-PCR for the most significantly regulated genes involved in the modulation of proliferation and androgen resistance on an independent set of PNAF, PCAF, and BHPF samples. We confirmed the increased expression of SCARB1, MAPK3K1, and TGF-β as well as the decreased expression of S100A10 in PCAFs compared to PNAFs and BPHFs. CONCLUSIONS These results provide strong evidence that the observed changes in the gene expression profile of PCAFs can contribute to functional alteration of adjacent prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.); (L.P.)
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), Cusano Milanino, 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Volker Jung
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (V.J.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Jörn Kamradt
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (V.J.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), 20095 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Marianna Abate
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Annalisa Itro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Marco De Sio
- Urology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- UOC of Medical Oncology, ASL NA 2 Nord, “S.M. delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Luca Persani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.); (L.P.)
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano (IRCCS), 20095 Milan, Italy
| | - Kai Schmitt
- Department of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Matthias Saar
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (V.J.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (V.J.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Gerhard Unteregger
- Clinic of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Saarland, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (V.J.); (J.K.); (M.S.); (M.S.); (G.U.)
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (M.A.); (A.I.)
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Yoshitake R, Chang G, Saeki K, Ha D, Wu X, Wang J, Chen S. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identifies Heterogeneity of Mouse Mammary Gland Fibroblasts With Distinct Functions, Estrogen Responses, Differentiation Processes, and Crosstalks With Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:850568. [PMID: 35300413 PMCID: PMC8923650 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.850568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts have been shown to be one of the essential players for mammary gland organization. Here, we identify two major types of mouse mammary gland fibroblasts through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis: Dpp4 + fibroblasts and Dpp4 - fibroblasts. Each population exhibits unique functional characteristics as well as discrete localization in normal mouse mammary glands. Remarkably, estrogen, a crucial mediator of mammary gland organization, alters the gene expression profiles of fibroblasts in a population-specific manner, without distinct activation of estrogen receptor signaling. Further integrative analysis with the inclusion of five other publicly available datasets reveals a directional differentiation among the mammary gland fibroblast populations. Moreover, the combination with the mouse mammary epithelium atlas allows us to infer multiple potential interactions between epithelial cells and fibroblasts in mammary glands. This study provides a comprehensive view of mouse mammary gland fibroblasts at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yoshitake
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Gregory Chang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Kohei Saeki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Japan
| | - Desiree Ha
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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16
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Stuelten CH, Zhang YE. Transforming Growth Factor-β: An Agent of Change in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764727. [PMID: 34712672 PMCID: PMC8545984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulator of embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and lesion repair. In tumors, TGF-β is a potent inhibitor of early stage tumorigenesis and promotes late stage tumor progression and metastasis. Here, we review the roles of TGF-β as well as components of its signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. We will discuss how a core property of TGF-β, namely its ability to change cell differentiation, leads to the transition of epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts to a myofibroblastoid phenotype, changes differentiation and polarization of immune cells, and induces metabolic reprogramming of cells, all of which contribute to the progression of epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ying E. Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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17
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Chen Z, Gao Z, Xia L, Wang X, Lu L, Wu X. Dysregulation of DPP4-CXCL12 Balance by TGF-β1/SMAD Pathway Promotes CXCR4 + Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Keloid Scars. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4169-4180. [PMID: 34483675 PMCID: PMC8408422 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s326385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have confirmed the important role of chronic inflammation in keloid; however, mechanism of chronic inflammation in keloid tissue remains largely unclear, especially the dynamic of infiltrated inflammatory cells. Patients and Methods Tissue and blood samples collected from keloid patients and healthy subjects were studied by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Fibroblasts from keloid scars and normal skin were isolated by enzymic digestion. Results We found that CXCL12 expression was elevated which was correlated with decreased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) expression in keloid scars relative to mature scars. In vitro studies suggested that autocrine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in keloid-derived fibroblasts negatively regulated DPP4 expression which inhibited the reduction of extracellular CXCL12 levels by DPP4. Furthermore, immunofluorescence showed that most fibroblasts in keloid scars were DPP4lowTGFβ1high compared with DPP4highTGFβ1low fibroblasts in normal skin tissue, which facilitated extracellular CXCL12 accumulation in fibroblasts in keloid scars. Furthermore, we found that most circulating leukocytes in peripheral blood and tissue-infiltrated inflammatory cells in keloid scars expressed the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) instead of CXCR7, indicating that the chemotaxis driven by CXCL12 is likely to be mediated mainly by CXCR4. Conclusion Our study indicated that the TGF-β/DPP4/CXCL12 axis may contribute to chronic inflammation in keloid scars by recruiting inflammatory cells through the CXCR4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZongAn Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - LingLing Xia
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoQing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - LiMing Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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De Zutter A, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Chemokines by CD26 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174247. [PMID: 34503058 PMCID: PMC8428238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that fulfill a central function in cancer. Both tumor-promoting and -impeding roles have been ascribed to chemokines, which they exert in a direct or indirect manner. An important post-translational modification that regulates chemokine activity is the NH2-terminal truncation by peptidases. CD26 is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV), which typically clips a NH2-terminal dipeptide from the chemokine. With a certain degree of selectivity in terms of chemokine substrate, CD26 only recognizes chemokines with a penultimate proline or alanine. Chemokines can be protected against CD26 recognition by specific amino acid residues within the chemokine structure, by oligomerization or by binding to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Upon truncation, the binding affinity for receptors and GAGs is altered, which influences chemokine function. The consequences of CD26-mediated clipping vary, as unchanged, enhanced, and reduced activities are reported. In tumors, CD26 most likely has the most profound effect on CXCL12 and the interferon (IFN)-inducible CXCR3 ligands, which are converted into receptor antagonists upon truncation. Depending on the tumor type, expression of CD26 is upregulated or downregulated and often results in the preferential generation of the chemokine isoform most favorable for tumor progression. Considering the tight relationship between chemokine sequence and chemokine binding specificity, molecules with the appropriate characteristics can be chemically engineered to provide innovative therapeutic strategies in a cancer setting.
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Venning FA, Zornhagen KW, Wullkopf L, Sjölund J, Rodriguez-Cupello C, Kjellman P, Morsing M, Hajkarim MC, Won KJ, Erler JT, Madsen CD. Deciphering the temporal heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:175. [PMID: 34016130 PMCID: PMC8138934 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) comprise a heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the tumour microenvironment. CAFs exhibit both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing functions, making them exciting targets for improving cancer treatments. Careful isolation, identification, and characterisation of CAF heterogeneity is thus necessary for ex vivo validation and future implementation of CAF-targeted strategies in cancer. METHODS Murine 4T1 (metastatic) and 4T07 (poorly/non-metastatic) orthotopic triple negative breast cancer tumours were collected after 7, 14, or 21 days. The tumours were analysed via flow cytometry for the simultaneous expression of six CAF markers: alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα), platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta (PDGFRα and PDGFRβ), CD26/DPP4 and podoplanin (PDPN). All non-CAFs were excluded from the analysis using a lineage marker cocktail (CD24, CD31, CD45, CD49f, EpCAM, LYVE-1, and TER-119). In total 128 murine tumours and 12 healthy mammary fat pads were analysed. RESULTS We have developed a multicolour flow cytometry strategy based on exclusion of non-CAFs and successfully employed this to explore the temporal heterogeneity of freshly isolated CAFs in the 4T1 and 4T07 mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer. Analysing 128 murine tumours, we identified 5-6 main CAF populations and numerous minor ones based on the analysis of αSMA, FAPα, PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, CD26, and PDPN. All markers showed temporal changes with a distinct switch from primarily PDGFRα+ fibroblasts in healthy mammary tissue to predominantly PDGFRβ+ CAFs in tumours. CD26+ CAFs emerged as a large novel subpopulation, only matched by FAPα+ CAFs in abundance. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that multiple subpopulations of CAFs co-exist in murine triple negative breast cancer, and that the abundance and dynamics for each marker differ depending on tumour type and time. Our results form the foundation needed to isolate and characterise specific CAF populations, and ultimately provide an opportunity to therapeutically target specific CAF subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Albjerg Venning
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Westarp Zornhagen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Cupello
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Kjellman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Morsing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Morteza Chalabi Hajkarim
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kyoung Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Janine Terra Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Chris Denis Madsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Yang X, Zhu Y, Shi Q, Zhao X, Huang Y, Yao F, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is required for endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2449-2459. [PMID: 33969570 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the functions and signaling pathways controlled by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS DPPIV expression in EC cells was detected by flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and Western blot. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), phosphorylate STAT3, cellular Myc, and vascular endothelial growth factor in EC cells were measured by Western blot. Colony formation assays were used to assess the clonogenicity of EC cells. Ki67 immunostaining and cell counting were used to test the proliferative ability of EC cells. Nude mouse tumorigenicity assay was used to confirm DPPIV promotes the tumorigenicity of EC cells. A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of sitagliptin. RESULTS Overexpression of DPPIV in EC cells with low DPPIV expression promoted cell proliferation in vitro (p < 0.01) and enhanced tumorigenicity in vivo (p < 0.05). Conversely, knocking down DPPIV expression in EC cells with high DPPIV expression inhibited cell proliferation (p < 0.01) and in vivo tumorigenicity (p < 0.01). DPPIV promoted EC cell proliferation via activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway, and that IL-6 could trigger a positive feedback loop that increased DPPIV expression (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the DPPIV inhibitor reduced STAT3 expression (p < 0.01) and inhibited growth of EC cells (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION DPPIV enhances the properties that allow tumorigenesis in EC via IL-6 and STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong Maternity and Infant Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Kawakita E, Koya D, Kanasaki K. CD26/DPP-4: Type 2 Diabetes Drug Target with Potential Influence on Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092191. [PMID: 34063285 PMCID: PMC8124456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor is widely used for type 2 diabetes. Although DPP-4/CD26 has been recognized as both a suppressor and inducer in tumor biology due to its various functions, how DPP-4 inhibitor affects cancer progression in diabetic patients is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize one unfavorable aspect of DPP-4 inhibitor in cancer-bearing diabetic patients. Abstract DPP-4/CD26, a membrane-bound glycoprotein, is ubiquitously expressed and has diverse biological functions. Because of its enzymatic action, such as the degradation of incretin hormones, DPP-4/CD26 is recognized as the significant therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); DPP-4 inhibitors have been used as an anti-diabetic agent for a decade. The safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors for a cardiovascular event in T2DM patients has been widely analyzed; however, a clear association between DPP-4 inhibitors and tumor biology is not yet established. Previous preclinical studies reported that DPP-4 suppression would impact tumor progression processes. With regard to this finding, we have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor induces breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via an increase in its substrate C-X-C motif chemokine 12, and the consequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor. DPP-4/CD26 plays diverse pivotal roles beyond blood glucose control; thus, DPP-4 inhibitors can potentially impact cancer-bearing T2DM patients either favorably or unfavorably. In this review, we primarily focus on the possible undesirable effect of DPP-4 inhibition on tumor biology. Clinicians should note that the safety of DPP-4 inhibitors for diabetic patients with an existing cancer is an unresolved issue, and further mechanistic analysis is essential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2183
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22
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Grauel AL, Nguyen B, Ruddy D, Laszewski T, Schwartz S, Chang J, Chen J, Piquet M, Pelletier M, Yan Z, Kirkpatrick ND, Wu J, deWeck A, Riester M, Hims M, Geyer FC, Wagner J, MacIsaac K, Deeds J, Diwanji R, Jayaraman P, Yu Y, Simmons Q, Weng S, Raza A, Minie B, Dostalek M, Chikkegowda P, Ruda V, Iartchouk O, Chen N, Thierry R, Zhou J, Pruteanu-Malinici I, Fabre C, Engelman JA, Dranoff G, Cremasco V. TGFβ-blockade uncovers stromal plasticity in tumors by revealing the existence of a subset of interferon-licensed fibroblasts. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6315. [PMID: 33298926 PMCID: PMC7725805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in targeting stromal elements of the tumor microenvironment, we still face tremendous challenges in developing adequate therapeutics to modify the tumor stromal landscape. A major obstacle to this is our poor understanding of the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of stromal cells in tumors. Herein, we perform an unbiased interrogation of tumor mesenchymal cells, delineating the co-existence of distinct subsets of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the microenvironment of murine carcinomas, each endowed with unique phenotypic features and functions. Furthermore, our study shows that neutralization of TGFβ in vivo leads to remodeling of CAF dynamics, greatly reducing the frequency and activity of the myofibroblast subset, while promoting the formation of a fibroblast population characterized by strong response to interferon and heightened immunomodulatory properties. These changes correlate with the development of productive anti-tumor immunity and greater efficacy of PD1 immunotherapy. Along with providing the scientific rationale for the evaluation of TGFβ and PD1 co-blockade in the clinical setting, this study also supports the concept of plasticity of the stromal cell landscape in tumors, laying the foundation for future investigations aimed at defining pathways and molecules to program CAF composition for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo L Grauel
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Beverly Nguyen
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Ruddy
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tyler Laszewski
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie Schwartz
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julie Chen
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michelle Piquet
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marc Pelletier
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Kirkpatrick
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Antoine deWeck
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Markus Riester
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matt Hims
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Felipe Correa Geyer
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joel Wagner
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kenzie MacIsaac
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James Deeds
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rohan Diwanji
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pushpa Jayaraman
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yenyen Yu
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Quincey Simmons
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shaobu Weng
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alina Raza
- Oncology Translational Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brian Minie
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mirek Dostalek
- PKS Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pavitra Chikkegowda
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vera Ruda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oleg Iartchouk
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Naiyan Chen
- Oncology Data Science, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raphael Thierry
- Biotherapeutic and Analytical Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Claire Fabre
- Translational Clinical Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Immuno-Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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23
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Morsing M, Kim J, Villadsen R, Goldhammer N, Jafari A, Kassem M, Petersen OW, Rønnov-Jessen L. Fibroblasts direct differentiation of human breast epithelial progenitors. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:102. [PMID: 32993755 PMCID: PMC7526135 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer arises within specific regions in the human breast referred to as the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). These are relatively dynamic structures characterized by sex hormone driven cyclic epithelial turnover. TDLUs consist of unique parenchymal entities embedded within a fibroblast-rich lobular stroma. Here, we established and characterized a new human breast lobular fibroblast cell line against its interlobular counterpart with a view to assessing the role of region-specific stromal cues in the control of TDLU dynamics. METHODS Primary lobular and interlobular fibroblasts were transduced to express human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Differentiation of the established cell lines along lobular and interlobular pathways was determined by immunocytochemical staining and genome-wide RNA sequencing. Their functional properties were further characterized by analysis of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation repertoire in culture and in vivo. The cells' physiological relevance for parenchymal differentiation was examined in heterotypic co-culture with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-purified normal breast primary luminal or myoepithelial progenitors. The co-cultures were immunostained for quantitative assessment of epithelial branching morphogenesis, polarization, growth, and luminal epithelial maturation. In extension, myoepithelial progenitors were tested for luminal differentiation capacity in culture and in mouse xenografts. To unravel the significance of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-mediated crosstalk in TDLU-like morphogenesis and differentiation, fibroblasts were incubated with the TGF-β signaling inhibitor, SB431542, prior to heterotypic co-culture with luminal cells. RESULTS hTERT immortalized fibroblast cell lines retained critical phenotypic traits in culture and linked to primary fibroblasts. Cell culture assays and transplantation to mice showed that the origin of fibroblasts determines TDLU-like and ductal-like differentiation of epithelial progenitors. Whereas lobular fibroblasts supported a high level of branching morphogenesis by luminal cells, interlobular fibroblasts supported ductal-like myoepithelial characteristics. TDLU-like morphogenesis, at least in part, relied on intact TGF-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS The significance of the most prominent cell type in normal breast stroma, the fibroblast, in directing epithelial differentiation is largely unknown. Through establishment of lobular and interlobular fibroblast cell lines, we here demonstrate that epithelial progenitors are submitted to stromal cues for site-specific differentiation. Our findings lend credence to considering stromal subtleties of crucial importance in the development of normal breast and, in turn, breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Morsing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Present Address: Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadine Goldhammer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Stem Cell Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Rønnov-Jessen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Suh J, Kim DH, Lee YH, Jang JH, Surh YJ. Fibroblast growth factor-2, derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts, stimulates growth and progression of human breast cancer cells via FGFR1 signaling. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:1028-1040. [PMID: 32557854 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a major compartment of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we investigated the role for CAFs in breast cancer progression and underlying molecular mechanisms. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the CAF-conditioned media manifested a more proliferative phenotype, as evidenced by enhanced messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Cyclin D1, c-Myc, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) expression was well correlated with the presence of CAFs. We noticed that the mRNA level of FGF2 in CAFs was higher than that in normal fibroblasts. FGF2 exerts its biological effects through interaction with FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). In the breast cancer tissue array, 42% estrogen receptor-negative patients coexpressed FGF2 and FGFR1, whereas only 19% estrogen receptor-positive patients exhibited coexpression. CAF-stimulated MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasiveness were abolished when FGF2-neutralizing antibody was added to the conditioned media of CAFs. In a xenograft mouse model, coinjection of MDA-MB-231 cells with activated fibroblasts expressing FGF2 dramatically enhanced tumor growth, and this was abrogated by silencing of FGFR1 in cancer cells. In addition, treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with FGF2 enhanced expression of Cyclin D1, a key molecule involved in cell cycle progression. FGF2-induced cell migration and upregulation of Cyclin D1 were abolished by siRNA-mediated FGFR1 silencing. Taken together, the above findings suggest that CAFs promote growth, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells via the paracrine FGF2-FGFR1 loop in the breast tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Hwa Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Mezawa Y, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Morimoto C, Hino O, Orimo A. CD26 expression is attenuated by TGF-β and SDF-1 autocrine signaling on stromal myofibroblasts in human breast cancers. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3936-3948. [PMID: 31140748 PMCID: PMC6639198 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) increasingly acquire both transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) and stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) signaling in an autocrine fashion during tumor progression. Such signaling mediates activated myofibroblastic and tumor‐promoting properties in these fibroblasts. CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 is a serine protease that cleaves various chemokines including SDF‐1. Stromal CD26 expression is reportedly undetectable in human skin squamous cell carcinomas. However, whether stromal CD26 expression is also downregulated in human breast cancers and which stromal cells potentially lack CD26 expression remain elusive. To answer these questions, sections prepared from 239 human breast carcinomas were stained with antibodies against CD26 and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a marker for activated myofibroblasts. We found that tumor‐associated stroma involving α‐SMA‐positive myofibroblasts stained negative or negligible for CD26 in 118 out of 193 (61.1%) tumors, whereas noncancerous stromal regions of the breast showed considerable staining for CD26. This decreased stromal CD26 staining in tumors also tends to be associated with poor outcomes for breast cancer patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that CD26 staining is attenuated on stromal myofibroblasts in human breast cancers. Consistently, CD26 expression is significantly downregulated in cultured CAF myofibroblasts extracted from human breast carcinomas as compared to control human mammary fibroblasts. Inhibition of TGF‐β or SDF‐1 signaling in CAFs by shRNA clearly upregulated the CD26 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that CD26 expression is attenuated by TGF‐β‐ and SDF‐1‐autocrine signaling on stromal myofibroblasts in human mammary carcinomas, and that decreased stromal CD26 expression has potential as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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