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Aziz-Bose R, Margossian R, Ames BL, Moss K, Ehrhardt MJ, Armenian SH, Yock TI, Nekhlyudov L, Williams D, Hudson M, Nohria A, Kenney LB. Delphi Panel Consensus Recommendations for Screening and Managing Childhood Cancer Survivors at Risk for Cardiomyopathy. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 4:354-367. [PMID: 36213355 PMCID: PMC9537072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Evidence-based guidelines recommend risk-stratified screening for cardiomyopathy, but the management approach for abnormalities detected when screening asymptomatic young adult CCS is poorly defined. Objectives The aims of this study were to build upon existing guidelines by describing the expert consensus–based cardiomyopathy screening practices, management approach, and clinical rationale for the management of young adult CCS with screening-detected abnormalities and to identify areas of controversy in practice. Methods A multispecialty Delphi panel of 40 physicians with expertise in cancer survivorship completed 3 iterative rounds of semi-open-ended questionnaires regarding their approaches to the management of asymptomatic young adult CCS at risk for cardiomyopathy (screening practices, referrals, cardiac testing, laboratory studies, medications). Consensus was defined as ≥90% panelist agreement with recommendation. Results The response rate was 100% for all 3 rounds. Panelists reached consensus on the timing and frequency of echocardiographic screening for anthracycline-associated cardiomyopathy, monitoring during pregnancy, laboratory testing for modifiable cardiac risk factors, and referral to cardiology for ejection fraction ≤50% or preserved ejection fraction with diastolic dysfunction. Controversial areas (<75% agreement) included chest radiation dose threshold to merit screening, indications for advanced cardiac imaging and cardiac serum biomarkers for follow-up of abnormal echocardiographic findings, and medical management of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conclusions Expert practice is largely consistent with existing risk-based screening guidelines. Some recommendations for managing abnormalities detected on screening echocardiography remain controversial. The rationale offered by experts for divergent approaches may help guide clinical decisions in the absence of guidelines specific to young adult CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahela Aziz-Bose
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Address for correspondence: Dr Rahela Aziz-Bose, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, SW 311, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. @DrN_CancerPCP
| | - Renee Margossian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bethany L. Ames
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kerry Moss
- Connecticut Children’s Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ehrhardt
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saro H. Armenian
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Torunn I. Yock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Larissa Nekhlyudov
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Williams
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Hudson
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anju Nohria
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Adult Survivorship Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa B. Kenney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment and Surveillance of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity in Pediatric Cancer Survivors. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in pediatric cancer therapies have dramatically improved the likelihood of survival. As survivors are aging, however, we are now understanding that treatment carries a significant risk of cardiovascular toxicity, which can develop immediately, or even many years after completing therapy. Anthracycline derivates are some of the most commonly used agents in pediatric oncology treatment protocols, which have a dose-dependent correlation with the development of cardiac toxicity. As we learn more about the mechanisms of toxicity, we are developing prevention strategies, including improvements in surveillance, to improve early diagnosis of heart disease. Current survivorship surveillance protocols often include screening echocardiograms to evaluate systolic function by measuring the ejection fraction or fractional shortening. However, these measurements alone are not enough to capture early myocardial changes. The use of additional imaging biomarkers, serum biomarkers, electrocardiograms, as well as cholesterol and blood pressure screening, are key to the early detection of cardiomyopathy and cardiovascular disease. Medical treatment strategies are the same as those used for heart failure from other causes, but earlier recognition and implementation can lead to improved long term outcomes.
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Ryan TD, Hayek SS. New perspectives in cardio-oncology. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 51:835-836. [PMID: 32880797 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 2003, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Salim S Hayek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, CVC #2709, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Bottinor WJ, Friedman DL, Ryan TD, Wang L, Yu C, Borinstein SC, Godown J. Cardiovascular disease and asymptomatic childhood cancer survivors: Current clinical practice. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5500-5508. [PMID: 32558321 PMCID: PMC7402829 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is poorly understood how cardiovascular screening in asymptomatic childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is applied to and impacts clinical care. OBJECTIVES To describe the current role of cardiovascular screening in the clinical care of asymptomatic CCS. METHODS At 50 pediatric academic medical centers, a childhood cancer survivorship clinic director, pediatric cardiologist, and adult cardiologist with a focus on CCS were identified and invited to participate in a survey. Surveys were managed electronically. Categorical data were analyzed using nonparametric methods. RESULTS Of the 95 (63%) respondents, 39% were survivorship practitioners, and 61% were cardiologists. Eighty-eight percent of survivorship practitioners reported that greater than half of CCS received cardiovascular screening. CCS followed by adult cardiology were more likely to be seen by a cardio-oncologist. Those followed by pediatric cardiology were more likely to be seen by a heart failure/transplant specialist. Common reasons for referral to cardiology were abnormal cardiovascular imaging or concerns a CCS was at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Ninety-two percent of cardiologists initiated angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy for mild systolic dysfunction. Adult cardiologists initiated beta-blocker therapy for less severe systolic dysfunction compared to pediatric cardiologists (P < .001). Pediatric cardiologists initiated mineralocorticoid therapy for less severe systolic dysfunction compared to adult cardiologists (P = .025). Practitioners (93%) support a multi-institutional collaboration to standardize cardiovascular care for CCS. CONCLUSIONS While there is much common ground in the clinical approach to CCS, heterogeneity is evident. This highlights the need for cohesive, multi-institutional, standardized approaches to cardiovascular management in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Bottinor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Debra L Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas D Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott C Borinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Godown
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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