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Yang H, Gong C, Wu Y, Xie X, Chen Y, Li Z, Shi Q, Liu J, Gao N, He B, Wang C, Liao Q, Bai J, Xiao Y. LncRNA SNHG1 facilitates colorectal cancer cells metastasis by recruiting HNRNPD protein to stabilize SERPINA3 mRNA. Cancer Lett 2024; 604:217217. [PMID: 39233042 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis continues to negatively impact individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Research has revealed the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we revealed that the lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is expressed at higher levels in metastatic CRC tissues than in primary CRC tissues, and that high lncRNA SNHG1 expression indicates poor patient outcomes. We found that lncRNA SNHG1 promotes the migration and invasion of tumor cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, lncRNA SNHG1 increases serpin family A member 3 (SERPINA3) mRNA stability by interacting with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) protein, and subsequently upregulates SERPINA3 expression. Moreover, HNRNPD and SERPINA3 reversed the effects of lncRNA SNHG1 knockdown on CRC cell metastasis. In conclusion, we report that the lncRNA SNHG1 recruits HNRNPD, in turn upregulating SERPINA3 expression and ultimately facilitating CRC cell migration and invasion. Targeting the lncRNA SNHG1/HNRNPD/SERPINA3 signaling pathway might be a therapeutic option for preventing CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuyun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xia Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qiuyue Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Liaoning, 110003, China
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Fischer S, Lichtenthaeler C, Stepanenko A, Heyl F, Maticzka D, Kemmerer K, Klostermann M, Backofen R, Zarnack K, Weigand JE. Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D-like controls endothelial cell functions. Biol Chem 2024; 405:229-239. [PMID: 37942876 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
HnRNPs are ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding proteins, tightly controlling posttranscriptional gene regulation. Consequently, hnRNP networks are essential for cellular homeostasis and their dysregulation is associated with cancer and other diseases. However, the physiological function of hnRNPs in non-cancerous cell systems are poorly understood. We analyzed the importance of HNRNPDL in endothelial cell functions. Knockdown of HNRNPDL led to impaired proliferation, migration and sprouting of spheroids. Transcriptome analysis identified cyclin D1 (CCND1) and tropomyosin 4 (TPM4) as targets of HNRNPDL, reflecting the phenotypic changes after knockdown. Our findings underline the importance of HNRNPDL for the homeostasis of physiological processes in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Lichtenthaeler
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Stepanenko
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Heyl
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Maticzka
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kemmerer
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Melina Klostermann
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 106, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia E Weigand
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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Wang W, Li S. Upregulation of M6A Reader HNRNPA2B1 Associated with Poor Prognosis and Tumor Progression in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:652-665. [PMID: 37877146 DOI: 10.2174/0115748928258696230925064550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for a substantial proportion of all cases. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent post-transcriptional modification in mRNAs that also plays a role in cancer development. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) is a reader of m6A modification, which can affect tumor invasion, migration, and proliferation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic factors of LUAD based on m6A through bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels and prognostic significance of HNRNPA2B1 in LUAD were analyzed on the basis of data extracted from the UALCAN, GEPIA, NCBI-GEO, Human Protein Atlas, STRING, miRDB, TargetScan, PROMO, Starbase, UCSC Xena browser, TIMER, and TISIDB databases. HNRNPA2B1 protein and mRNA levels in several LUAD cell lines were detected by western blotting and qRT-PCR. CCK8, wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of LUAD cells. RESULTS HNRNPA2B1 mRNA was found to be significantly overexpressed in LUAD tissues, and its high levels correlated with poor OS and DFS. The genes co-expressed with HNRNPA2B1 were related to mRNA production, cell cycle, and histone binding. To determine the mechanistic basis of HNRNPA2B1 in LUAD, we next predicted the microRNAs and transcription factors that were directly associated with HNRNPA2B1, as well as copy number changes. In addition, it was found that HNRNPA2B1 expression was significantly related to CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, immunomodulators, and chemokines. Besides, knocking down HNRNPA2B1 in the LUAD cells led to a significant reduction in their proliferation, invasion, and migration rates in vitro. CONCLUSION Elevated HNRNPA2B1 is a risk factor in LUAD and portends a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404000, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li J, Wang X, Shi L, Liu B, Sheng Z, Chang S, Cai X, Shan G. A Mammalian Conserved Circular RNA CircLARP1B Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis and Lipid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305902. [PMID: 37953462 PMCID: PMC10787103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators in physiology and human diseases. However, evolutionarily conserved circRNAs with potent functions in cancers are rarely reported. In this study, a mammalian conserved circRNA circLARP1B is identified to play critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with high circLARP1B levels have advanced prognostic stage and poor overall survival. CircLARP1B facilitates cellular metastatic properties and lipid accumulation through promoting fatty acid synthesis in HCC. CircLARP1B deficient mice exhibit reduced metastasis and less lipid accumulation in an induced HCC model. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that circLARP1B binds to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) in the cytoplasm, and thus affects the binding of HNRNPD to sensitive transcripts including liver kinase B1 (LKB1) mRNA. This regulation causes decreased LKB1 mRNA stability and lower LKB1 protein levels. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to theHNRNPD binding sites in circLARP1B increases the HNRNPD binding to LKB1 mRNA. Through the HNRNPD-LKB1-AMPK pathway, circLARP1B promotes HCC metastasis and lipid accumulation. Results from AAV8-mediated hepatocyte-directed knockdown of circLARP1B or Lkb1 in mouse models also demonstrate critical roles of hepatocytic circLARP1B regulatory pathway in HCC metastasis and lipid accumulation, and indicate that circLARP1B may be potential target of HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCThe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCThe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
| | - Boqiang Liu
- Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
| | - Zhiyong Sheng
- School of Life ScienceBengbu Medical CollegeBengbu233030China
| | - Shuhui Chang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCThe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General SurgerySir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
| | - Ge Shan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCThe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Science and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineRegional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory DiseasesSir Run Run Shaw HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310016China
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Fan G, Li D, Liu J, Tao N, Meng C, Cui J, Cai J, Sun T. HNRNPD is a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer and affects tumor growth and metastasis via the PI3K-AKT pathway. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-20. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2196155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Role of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins in the Cancer-Immune Landscape. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065086. [PMID: 36982162 PMCID: PMC10049280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of death, accounting for approximately 20% of all fatalities. Evolving cancer cells and a dysregulated immune system create complex tumor environments that fuel tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance. Over the past decades, significant progress in deciphering cancer cell behavior and recognizing the immune system as a hallmark of tumorigenesis has been achieved. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling the evolving cancer-immune landscape remain mostly unexplored. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear proteins (hnRNP), a highly conserved family of RNA-binding proteins, have vital roles in critical cellular processes, including transcription, post-transcriptional modifications, and translation. Dysregulation of hnRNP is a critical contributor to cancer development and resistance. HnRNP contribute to the diversity of tumor and immune-associated aberrant proteomes by controlling alternative splicing and translation. They can also promote cancer-associated gene expression by regulating transcription factors, binding to DNA directly, or promoting chromatin remodeling. HnRNP are emerging as newly recognized mRNA readers. Here, we review the roles of hnRNP as regulators of the cancer-immune landscape. Dissecting the molecular functions of hnRNP will provide a better understanding of cancer-immune biology and will impact the development of new approaches to control and treat cancer.
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Zhang Z, Fan W, Gao Q, Han Y, Ma J, Gao W, Hu Y, Zhu H, Yang R, Wang H, Du B, Zhang Z, Zhong J. Hsa_Circ_0000826 inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer by targeting AUF1. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:192-203. [PMID: 35940521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to be abnormally expressed during the progression of various tumors, and these circRNAs can be used as anti-tumor targets. Therefore, it is important to identify circRNAs that can be used effectively for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we report that hsa_Circ_0000826 (Circ_0000826), a circRNA with significantly reduced expression level in CRC tissues, is associated with a poor prognosis in patients. The silencing of Circ_0000826 promotes the proliferation of CRC cells. Conversely, the overexpression of Circ_0000826 restricted CRC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Circ_0000826 could target AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1). AUF1, known as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (hnRNP D), could bind to the c-MYC 3'-UTR and promote c-MYC expression. When Circ_0000826 binds to AUF1, it competitively inhibits the binding of AUF1 to the c-MYC 3'-UTR, which inhibits the c-MYC expression and cell proliferation. These results provide novel insights into the functional mechanism of Circ_0000826 action in CRC progression and indicate its potential use as a therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wenyan Fan
- Department of Microscopic Morphology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Qingzu Gao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yifei Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Wuji Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Baoshun Du
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zuoyang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Jiateng Zhong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China.
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Mehta M, Raguraman R, Ramesh R, Munshi A. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and their role in DNA damage and radiation response in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114569. [PMID: 36252617 PMCID: PMC10411638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally majority of eukaryotic gene expression is influenced by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Alterations in the expression of proteins that act post-transcriptionally can affect cellular signaling and homeostasis. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind to RNAs and are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and important cellular processes such as cell differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of RNA-RBP interactions and any changes in RBP expression or function can lead to various diseases including cancer. In cancer cells, RBPs play an important role in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors and oncoproteins involved in various cell-signaling pathways. Several RBPs such as HuR, AUF1, RBM38, LIN28, RBM24, tristetrapolin family and Musashi play critical roles in various types of cancers and their aberrant expression in cancer cells makes them an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of i). RBPs involved in cancer progression and their mechanism of action ii). the role of RBPs, including HuR, in breast cancer progression and DNA damage response and iii). explore RBPs with emphasis on HuR as therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA.
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Chen X, Gong R, Wang J, Ma B, Lei K, Ren H, Wang J, Zhao C, Wang L, Yu Q. Identification of HnRNP Family as Prognostic Biomarkers in Five Major Types of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Curr Gene Ther 2022; 22:449-461. [PMID: 35794744 PMCID: PMC9906633 DOI: 10.2174/1566523222666220613113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), a large family of RNAbinding proteins, have been implicated in tumor progression in multiple cancer types. However, the expression pattern and prognostic value of hnRNPs in five gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including gastric, colorectal, esophageal, liver, and pancreatic cancer, remain to be investigated. OBJECTIVE The current research aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers of the hnRNP family in five major types of gastrointestinal cancer. METHODS Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and Kaplan-Meier Plotter were used to explore the hnRNPs expression levels concerning clinicopathological parameters and prognostic values. The protein level of hnRNPU was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in human tissue specimens. Genetic alterations of hnRNPs were analyzed using cBioportal, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to illustrate the biological functions of co-expressed genes of hnRNPs. RESULTS The vast majority of hnRNPs were highly expressed in five types of GI cancer tissues compared to their adjacent normal tissues, and mRNA levels of hnRNPA2B1, D, Q, R, and U were significantly different in various GI cancer types at different stages. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the increased hnRNPs expression levels were correlated with better prognosis in gastric and rectal cancer patients (log-rank p < 0.05). In contrast, patients with high levels of hnRNPs exhibited a worse prognosis in esophageal and liver cancer (log-rank p < 0.05). Using immunohistochemistry, we further confirmed that hnRNPU was overexpressed in gastric, rectal, and liver cancers. In addition, hnRNPs genes were altered in patients with GI cancers, and RNA-related processing was correlated with hnRNPs alterations. CONCLUSION We identified differentially expressed genes of hnRNPs in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal tissues, which might contribute to predicting tumor types, early diagnosis, and targeted therapies in five major types of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghan Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;,Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,These authors contribute to this work equally.
| | - Ruining Gong
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,These authors contribute to this work equally.
| | - Jia Wang
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Boyi Ma
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Ke Lei
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - He Ren
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266000, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532-82917308; E-mail: and Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532- 82919350; E-mail:
| | - Qian Yu
- Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, Medical Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266000, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532-82917308; E-mail: and Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China; Tel/Fax: 86-532- 82919350; E-mail:
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10
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Li ML, Ragupathi A, Patel N, Hernandez T, Magsino J, Werlen G, Brewer G, Jacinto E. The RNA-binding protein AUF1 facilitates Akt phosphorylation at the membrane. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102437. [PMID: 36041631 PMCID: PMC9513781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, controls cellular metabolism in response to levels of nutrients and other growth signals. A hallmark of mTORC2 activation is the phosphorylation of Akt, which becomes upregulated in cancer. How mTORC2 modulates Akt phosphorylation remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the RNA-binding protein, AUF1 (ARE/poly(U)-binding/degradation factor 1), modulates mTORC2/Akt signaling. We determined that AUF1 is required for phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, Thr450, and Ser473 and that AUF1 also mediates phosphorylation of the mTORC2-modulated metabolic enzyme glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 at Ser243. In addition, AUF1 immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative RT–PCR revealed that the mRNAs of Akt, glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1, and the mTORC2 component SIN1 associate with AUF1. Furthermore, expression of the p40 and p45, but not the p37 or p42, isoforms of AUF1 specifically mediate Akt phosphorylation. In the absence of AUF1, subcellular fractionation indicated that Akt fails to localize to the membrane. However, ectopic expression of a membrane-targeted allele of Akt is sufficient to allow Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation despite AUF1 depletion. Finally, conditions that enhance mTORC2 signaling, such as acute glutamine withdrawal, augment AUF1 phosphorylation, whereas mTOR inhibition abolishes AUF1 phosphorylation. Our findings unravel a role for AUF1 in promoting membrane localization of Akt to facilitate its phosphorylation on this cellular compartment. Targeting AUF1 could have therapeutic benefit for cancers with upregulated mTORC2/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Aparna Ragupathi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Nikhil Patel
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Tatiana Hernandez
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Jedrick Magsino
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Guy Werlen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Gary Brewer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
| | - Estela Jacinto
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
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11
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Al-Tweigeri T, AlRaouji NN, Tulbah A, Arafah M, Aboussekhra M, Al-Mohanna F, Gad AM, Eldali AM, Elhassan TA, Aboussekhra A. High AUF1 level in stromal fibroblasts promotes carcinogenesis and chemoresistance and predicts unfavorable prognosis among locally advanced breast cancer patients. BREAST CANCER RESEARCH : BCR 2022; 24:46. [PMID: 35821051 PMCID: PMC9275022 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), the most aggressive form of the disease, is a serious threat for women's health worldwide. The AU-rich RNA-binding factor 1 (AUF1) promotes the formation of chemo-resistant breast cancer stem cells. Thereby, we investigated the power of AUF1 expression, in both cancer cells and their stromal fibroblasts, as predictive biomarker for LABC patients’ clinical outcome following neoadjuvant treatment. Methods We have used immunohistochemistry to assess the level of AUF1 on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Immunoblotting was utilized to show the effect of AUF1 ectopic expression in breast stromal fibroblasts on the expression of various genes both in vitro and in orthotopic tumor xenografts. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the WST1 assay, while a label-free real-time setting using the xCELLigence RTCA technology was utilized to assess the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of cells. Results We have shown that high AUF1 immunostaining (≥ 10%) in both cancer cells and their adjacent cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was significantly associated with higher tumor grade. Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis revealed a strong correlation between high AUF1 level in CAFs and poor patient’s survival. This correlation was highly significant in patients with triple negative breast cancer, who showed poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). High expression of AUF1 in CAFs was also associated with poor OS of ER+/Her2− patients. Similarly, AUF1-positive malignant cells tended to be associated with shorter DFS and OS of ER+/Her2+ patients. Interestingly, neoadjuvant therapy downregulated AUF1 to a level lower than 10% in malignant cells in a significant number of patients, which improved both DFS and OS. In addition, ectopic expression of AUF1 in breast fibroblasts activated these cells and enhanced their capacity to promote, in an IL-6-dependent manner, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness processes. Furthermore, these AUF1-expressing cells enhanced the chemoresistance of breast cancer cells and their growth in orthotopic tumor xenografts. Conclusions The present findings show that the CAF-activating factor AUF1 has prognostic/predictive value for breast cancer patients and could represent a great therapeutic target in order to improve the precision of cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01543-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Al-Tweigeri
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura N AlRaouji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Arafah
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, PO BOX 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouad Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falah Al-Mohanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mostafa Gad
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11591, Egypt
| | - Abdelmonneim M Eldali
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tusneem A Elhassan
- Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Experimental Therapeutics Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, MBC # 03, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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RNA-binding proteins and cancer metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:748-768. [PMID: 35339667 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptionally influencing all manner of RNA biology, including alternative splicing (AS), polyadenylation, stability, and translation of mRNAs, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) processing. There is accumulating evidence reinforcing the perception that dysregulation or dysfunction of RBPs can lead to various human diseases, including cancers. RBPs influence diverse cancer-associated cellular phenotypes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, contributing to the initiation and development of tumors, as well as clinical prognosis. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related recurrence and death. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. In fact, a growing body of published research has proved that RBPs play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances for helping us understand the role of RBPs in tumor metastasis, and discuss dysfunctions and dysregulations of RBPs affecting metastasis-associated processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Furthermore, we will discuss emerging RBP-based strategy for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
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13
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Ting Z, Guiwen G, Jing Z, Huiling Z, Deyao L, Wengong W, Fengmin L, Xiangmei C. E2F1‐mediated AUF1 upregulation promotes HCC development and enhances drug resistance via stabilization of AKR1B10. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1154-1167. [PMID: 35178834 PMCID: PMC8990806 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The AU‐rich binding factor 1 (AUF1) is one of the well known adenylate‐uridylate‐rich element (ARE)‐specific RNA‐binding proteins (ARE‐BPs) for which dysregulation has been reported in various human cancers. However, the involvement of AUF1 in the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. In this study, we aimed at exploring the clinical significance, function, and mechanism of the abnormal expression of AUF1 in HCC. Using a bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Liver Cancer Institute (LCI) database, we identified that AUF1 was abnormally highly expressed in HCC tissues and that the high expression of AUF1 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. We also confirmed the increased AUF1 expression and its prognostic value in our HBV‐related HCC cohorts. AUF1 overexpression in hepatoma cells promoted cell proliferation and increased the resistance of hepatoma cells toward doxorubicin, whereas knockdown of AUF1 exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AKR1B10 was a critical target of AUF1 and was essential for sustaining the AUF1‐induced proliferation and drug resistance of hepatoma cells. AUF1 increased AKR1B10 expression by binding to the 3′UTR region of AKR1B10 mRNA and stabilizing AKR1B10 mRNA. Additionally, we demonstrated that E2F1 enhanced AUF1 expression in HCC at the transcription level. Our study revealed a novel role of AUF1 in promoting the development and drug resistance of HCC via the post‐transcriptional regulation of AKR1B10 expression. The E2F1/AUF1/AKR1B10 axis can serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Guan Guiwen
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Zhang Jing
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Huiling
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Li Deyao
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Wang Wengong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Lu Fengmin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Chen Xiangmei
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
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14
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Shen W, He J, Hou T, Si J, Chen S. Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Tumor and Means of Interventions. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1063-1091. [PMID: 35855334 PMCID: PMC9286910 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors among the older population. Moreover, there is an association between aging and cancer. During the process of senescence, the human body suffers from a series of imbalances, which have been shown to further accelerate aging, trigger tumorigenesis, and facilitate cancer progression. Therefore, exploring the junctions of aging and cancer and searching for novel methods to restore the junctions is of great importance to intervene against aging-related cancers. In this review, we have identified the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of aging-related cancers by comparing alterations in the human body caused by aging and the factors that trigger cancers. We found that the common mechanisms of aging and cancer include cellular senescence, alterations in proteostasis, microbiota disorders (decreased probiotics and increased pernicious bacteria), persistent chronic inflammation, extensive immunosenescence, inordinate energy metabolism, altered material metabolism, endocrine disorders, altered genetic expression, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, we have proposed that aging and cancer have common means of intervention, including novel uses of common medicine (metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin), dietary restriction, and artificial microbiota intervention or selectively replenishing scarce metabolites. In addition, we have summarized the research progress of each intervention and revealed their bidirectional effects on cancer progression to compare their reliability and feasibility. Therefore, the study findings provide vital information for advanced research studies on age-related cancers. However, there is a need for further optimization of the described methods and more suitable methods for complicated clinical practices. In conclusion, targeting aging may have potential therapeutic effects on aging-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Shujie Chen (), Dr. Jianmin Si () and Dr. Tongyao Hou (), Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Raguraman R, Shanmugarama S, Mehta M, Elle Peterson J, Zhao YD, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Drug delivery approaches for HuR-targeted therapy for lung cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114068. [PMID: 34822926 PMCID: PMC8724414 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and conventional treatments for disease management have limitations associated with them. Novel therapeutic targets are thus avidly sought for the effective management of LC. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been convincingly established as key players in tumorigenesis, and their dysregulation is linked to multiple cancers, including LC. In this context, we review the role of Human antigen R (HuR), an RBP that is overexpressed in LC, and further associated with various aspects of LC tumor growth and response to therapy. Herein, we describe the role of HuR in LC progression and outline the evidences supporting various pharmacologic and biologic approaches for inhibiting HuR expression and function. These approaches, including use of small molecule inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNAs, have demonstrated favorable results in reducing tumor cell growth, invasion and migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. Hence, HuR has significant potential as a key therapeutic target in LC. Use of siRNA-based approaches, however, have certain limitations that prevent their maximal exploitation as cancer therapies. To address this, in the conclusion of this review, we provide a list of nanomedicine-based HuR targeting approaches currently being employed for siRNA and shRNA delivery, and provide a rationale for the immense potential therapeutic benefits offered by nanocarrier-based HuR targeting and its promise for treating patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Santny Shanmugarama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jo Elle Peterson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Yan D Zhao
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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16
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AU-Rich Element RNA Binding Proteins: At the Crossroads of Post-Transcriptional Regulation and Genome Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010096. [PMID: 35008519 PMCID: PMC8744917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome integrity must be tightly preserved to ensure cellular survival and to deter the genesis of disease. Endogenous and exogenous stressors that impose threats to genomic stability through DNA damage are counteracted by a tightly regulated DNA damage response (DDR). RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging as regulators and mediators of diverse biological processes. Specifically, RBPs that bind to adenine uridine (AU)-rich elements (AREs) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs (AU-RBPs) have emerged as key players in regulating the DDR and preserving genome integrity. Here we review eight established AU-RBPs (AUF1, HuR, KHSRP, TIA-1, TIAR, ZFP36, ZFP36L1, ZFP36L2) and their ability to maintain genome integrity through various interactions. We have reviewed canonical roles of AU-RBPs in regulating the fate of mRNA transcripts encoding DDR genes at multiple post-transcriptional levels. We have also attempted to shed light on non-canonical roles of AU-RBPs exploring their post-translational modifications (PTMs) and sub-cellular localization in response to genotoxic stresses by various factors involved in DDR and genome maintenance. Dysfunctional AU-RBPs have been increasingly found to be associated with many human cancers. Further understanding of the roles of AU-RBPS in maintaining genomic integrity may uncover novel therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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17
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Gonçalves DA, Jasiulionis MG, de Melo FHM. The Role of the BH4 Cofactor in Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity and Cancer Progression: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9546. [PMID: 34502450 PMCID: PMC8431490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is associated with abnormal proliferation, genetic instability, cell death resistance, metabolic reprogramming, immunity evasion, and metastasis. These alterations are triggered by genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes that control cell homeostasis. Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) induced by different enzymes and reactions with distinct molecules contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression by modifying DNA, proteins, and lipids, altering their activities. Nitric oxide synthase plays a central role in oncogenic signaling modulation and redox landscape. Overexpression of the three NOS isoforms has been found in innumerous types of cancer contributing to tumor growth and development. Although the main function of NOS is the production of nitric oxide (NO), it can be a source of ROS in some pathological conditions. Decreased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor availability is involved in NOS dysfunction, leading to ROS production and reduced levels of NO. The regulation of NOSs by BH4 in cancer is controversial since BH4 has been reported as a pro-tumoral or an antitumoral molecule. Therefore, in this review, the role of BH4 in the control of NOS activity and its involvement in the capabilities acquired along tumor progression of different cancers was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Assis Gonçalves
- Micro-Imuno-Parasitology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Henriques Machado de Melo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Assistance to Public Servants of the State (IAMSPE), São Paulo 04039-000, Brazil
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18
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Tian XY, Li J, Liu TH, Li DN, Wang JJ, Zhang H, Deng ZL, Chen FJ, Cai JP. The overexpression of AUF1 in colorectal cancer predicts a poor prognosis and promotes cancer progression by activating ERK and AKT pathways. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8612-8623. [PMID: 33016643 PMCID: PMC7666750 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background AUF1 is one of the AU‐rich binding proteins, which promotes rapid ARE‐mRNA degradation. Recently, it has been reported that AUF1 is involved in regulating the antioxidant system because of its capacity to bind specifically to RNA containing oxidized bases and degrade oxidized RNA. Many antioxidant proteins have been reported to be overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the role of AUF1 in the progression of CRC has not been explored. Methods The expression level of AUF1 protein in human CRC cell lines and CRC tissues was detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC. The effects of AUF1 knockdown on CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and changes in the signaling pathways were evaluated using a cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Transwell assays and western blotting. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was employed to further substantiate the role of AUF1 in CRC. Results AUF1 protein was upregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cells, and high expression of AUF1 was significantly associated with advanced AJCC stage (P = .001), lymph node metastasis (P = .007), distant metastasis (P = .038) and differentiation (P = .009) of CRC specimens. CRC patients with the high expression of AUF1 had an extremely poor prognosis. The knockdown of AUF1 suppressed CRC cell line proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited CRC cells tumorigenesis and growth in nude mice, and reduced phosphorylated‐ERK1/2 and phosphorylated AKT in CRC cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that AUF1 is probably involved in the progression of CRC via the activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. AU‐rich RNA‐binding factor 1 could be used as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Tian
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Hui Liu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Lu Deng
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Jun Chen
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.,The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China
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