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Çevikelli-Yakut ZA, Özçelik R, Çevik Ö, Şener TE, Şener G. Exercise and caloric restriction improve cardiovascular and erectile function in rats with metabolic syndrome. Int J Impot Res 2020; 33:844-853. [PMID: 33009496 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-020-00356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the possible benefits of exercise and caloric restriction (CR) on cardiovascular hemodynamics, erectile function, and antioxidant system in metabolic syndrome (MS). Sixty male Spraque-Dawley rats were divided into five groups; control, MS, MS + CR, MS + exercise (EXC), and MS + CR + EXC. To induce MS, 10% fructose solution was applied for 3 months. Thereafter, in CR groups calorie was restricted 40% and in EXC groups swimming was performed for 6 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose, and blood pressure (BP) levels were measured before and after MS induction and at the end of the experiment. After decapitation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, adiponectin (ADP), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 levels were investigated in blood, oxidative stress parameters were examined in heart, aorta, and corpus cavernosum (CC) tissues. Isometric contraction in isolated tissue bath was studied in aorta and CC tissues. Animals subjected to exercise and CR had decreased BP and blood glucose levels. Impaired contraction-relaxation responses in MS group were improved with exercise and CR. MS-induced increase in TNF-α, PAI-1, malondialdehyde (MDA), and decrease in ADP, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were normalized with exercise and CR. Exercise and CR may be beneficial against changes in cardiovascular hemodynamics caused by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatiye Ayça Çevikelli-Yakut
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Özçelik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Tarık Emre Şener
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Göksel Şener
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Koyuncuoğlu T, Sevim H, Çetrez N, Meral Z, Gönenç B, Kuntsal Dertsiz E, Akakın D, Yüksel M, Kasımay Çakır Ö. High intensity interval training protects from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder induced cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112923. [PMID: 32976860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to show the possible protective effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in PTSD-induced rats and probable underlying mechanisms. Female rats (n = 44) were separated as; Sedentary (SED), moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), HIIT groups. Then the groups were divided into subgroups according to PTSD induction (n = 6-8/group). Exercise groups performed HIIT or MICT for 6 weeks. On the fifth week, PTSD was induced by single prolonged stress protocol. Cognitive functions were evaluated by object recognition, anxiety levels by hole-board and elevated plus maze, and fear conditioning by passive avoidance tests. Following decapitation, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescence levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured, and histopathological damage was evaluated. The data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Cognitive decline and aggravated anxiety levels in SED + PTSD group were improved in both PTSD-induced exercise groups (p < 0.05-0.001). The increased chemiluminescence levels, MPO activity and histological damage were depressed in both PTSD-induced exercise groups (p < 0.05-0.001). The risen MDA levels in SED + PTSD group were suppressed only in HIIT + PTSD group (p < 0.01-0.001). The decreased GSH levels were increased by MICT (p < 0.05-0.001), and CAT and SOD activities were improved via HIIT (p < 0.05). Compared to SED group, latency was decreased in SED + PTSD (p < 0.05-0.01) group. Neuronal damage scores were alleviated in both PTSD-induced exercise groups (p < 0.001). PTSD-induced memory decline was protected by both of the exercise models however more effectively by HIIT via decreasing oxidative stress, anxiety levels and by improving antioxidant capacity as a protective system for neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Sevim
- Undergraduate Medical Students, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Çetrez
- Undergraduate Medical Students, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Meral
- Undergraduate Medical Students, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfin Gönenç
- Undergraduate Medical Students, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekin Kuntsal Dertsiz
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kasımay Çakır
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Zalachoras I, Hollis F, Ramos-Fernández E, Trovo L, Sonnay S, Geiser E, Preitner N, Steiner P, Sandi C, Morató L. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:134-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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de Souza RF, de Moraes SRA, Augusto RL, de Freitas Zanona A, Matos D, Aidar FJ, da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa BL. Endurance training on rodent brain antioxidant capacity: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Res 2018; 145:1-9. [PMID: 30326252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physical exercise on brain antioxidant defense mechanisms has been studied. Nevertheless, the effect of training volume on the brain`s redox balance remains unclear. In this meta-analysis, we compared the effect of training volume on antioxidant enzymatic resource and lipid peroxidation on various brain regions. The activities of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also evaluated. The effects of training periods (weeks) and exercise duration were compared. Meta-analysis revealed that protocols over 8 weeks were associated with an increase in SOD (p = 0.0008) and CAT activities (p = 0.0001). Exercise durations for 30 and 60 min were associated with higher CAT activity (p = 0.04). Joint analysis revealed that moderate physical exercise over 4 and 8 weeks promoted a healthy enzymatic balance. However, high volumes of exercise over 8 weeks were associated with the increased antioxidant enzymatic activity, indicating higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The data also indicated that there is still limited research and inaccurate information, on the safety conditions of training periods that simulate tests of ultra resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricielle Lopes Augusto
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Aristela de Freitas Zanona
- Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Science, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Wen T, Meng H, Wang F, Chen Y, Sun T. Early immune response regulated by a bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell model of multiple trauma in rats. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:1053-1064. [PMID: 30185134 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore whether transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) would reduce the immune response and protect vital organs in a rat model of femur shaft fracture combined with craniocerebral injury. METHODS The rats were divided into an experimental group (multiple traumas and receiving BMSCs injection, n = 25), a positive control group (only received the combination injuries, n = 25) and a negative group (n = 5). RESULTS Compared with the positive control group, plasma IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower at the early stage, and IL-10 was higher at the late period in the experimental group (p < 0.05). TNF-α ex-vivo synthesis descended quickly after trauma. CONCLUSION BMSCs reduced the inflammatory response and were effective in immunomodulations during severe trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlin Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yunqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Tiansheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
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Bulut EC, Abueid L, Ercan F, Süleymanoğlu S, Ağırbaşlı M, Yeğen BÇ. Treatment with oestrogen-receptor agonists or oxytocin in conjunction with exercise protects against myocardial infarction in ovariectomized rats. Exp Physiol 2018; 101:612-27. [PMID: 26958805 DOI: 10.1113/ep085708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Could the activation of oxytocin or oestrogen receptors be protective against myocardial injury after ovariectomy? If so, would exercising have an additional ameliorating effect? What is the main finding and its importance? The results revealed that when accompanied by exercise, both oestrogen receptor agonists and oxytocin improved cardiac dysfunction, inhibited the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced myocardial injury in ovariectomized female rats, suggesting a new approach for protecting postmenopausal women against ischaemia-induced myocardial injury. To investigate the putative protective effects of oxytocin or oestrogen receptor agonists against myocardial injury of ovariectomized sedentary or exercised rats, female Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to sham-operated control and ovariectomized (OVX) groups were kept sedentary or undertook swimming exercise for 4 weeks and were treated with saline, an oestrogen receptor (ER) β (DPN) or ERα agonist (PPT) or oxytocin. Ovariectomy increased weight gain and anxiety in sedentary rats, whereas exercise prevented weight gain. When accompanied by exercise, both ER agonists and oxytocin inhibited weight gain and anxiety; oxytocin, in the absence or presence of exercise, increased the left ventricular diastolic dimensions and ejection fraction, whereas ER agonists also increased left ventricular diameter when given to exercised rats. Upon the induction of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion in the OVX rats, plasma creatine kinase-(muscle-brain) was depressed by PPT and oxytocin, whereas DPN, PPT and OT reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations. The increased tumour necrosis factor-α concentration in OVX rats was also suppressed by exercise or DPN, PPT or oxytocin treatments, whereas the interleukin-6 concentration was diminished by all the treatments when given in conjunction with exercise. Disorganization of cardiac muscle fibres was reduced in all exercised rats. Oestrogen receptor agonists, as well as oxytocin, in conjunction with exercise may be effective new therapeutics to protect against myocardial ischaemia in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erman Caner Bulut
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Abueid
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selami Süleymanoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ağırbaşlı
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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da Silva DDC, Tavares MG, do Nascimento CKB, Lira EC, dos Santos ÂA, Maia LMSDS, Batista-de-Oliveira Hornsby M. Can coconut oil and treadmill exercise during the critical period of brain development ameliorate stress-related effects on anxiety-like behavior and episodic-like memory in young rats? Food Funct 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (CO) and treadmill exercise have been reported to improve memory performance in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology
- CB – Federal University of Pernambuco
- Recife
- Brazil
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Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal exposure on behavior and oxidative stress in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1459-1469. [PMID: 28451780 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, due to technology development and aversive events of daily life, Human exposure to both radiofrequency and stress is unavoidable. This study investigated the co-exposure to repeated restraint stress and WiFi signal on cognitive function and oxidative stress in brain of male rats. Animals were divided into four groups: Control, WiFi-exposed, restrained and both WiFi-exposed and restrained groups. Each of WiFi exposure and restraint stress occurred 2 h (h)/day during 20 days. Subsequently, various tests were carried out for each group, such as anxiety in elevated plus maze, spatial learning abilities in the water maze, cerebral oxidative stress response and cholinesterase activity in brain and serum. Results showed that WiFi exposure and restraint stress, alone and especially if combined, induced an anxiety-like behavior without impairing spatial learning and memory abilities in rats. At cerebral level, we found an oxidative stress response triggered by WiFi and restraint, per se and especially when combined as well as WiFi-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. Our results reveal that there is an impact of WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain and cognitive processes especially in elevated plus maze task. In contrast, there are no synergistic effects between WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Othman
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ammari
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia.
- Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 9, Rue Zouhair Essafi, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hafedh Abdelmelek
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Özbeyli D, Sarı G, Özkan N, Karademir B, Yüksel M, Çilingir Kaya ÖT, Kasımay Çakır Ö. Protective effects of different exercise modalities in an Alzheimer’s disease-like model. Behav Brain Res 2017; 328:159-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pillon Barcelos R, Freire Royes LF, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Oxidative stress and inflammation: liver responses and adaptations to acute and regular exercise. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:222-236. [PMID: 28166653 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1291942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is remarkably important during exercise outcomes due to its contribution to detoxification, synthesis, and release of biomolecules, and energy supply to the exercising muscles. Recently, liver has been also shown to play an important role in redox status and inflammatory modulation during exercise. However, while several studies have described the adaptations of skeletal muscles to acute and chronic exercise, hepatic changes are still scarcely investigated. Indeed, acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation onset, whereas regular training induces hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory improvements. Acute and regular exercise protocols in combination with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation have been also tested to verify hepatic adaptations to exercise. Although positive results have been reported in some acute models, several studies have shown an increased exercise-related stress upon liver. A similar trend has been observed during training: while synergistic effects of training and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementations have been occasionally found, others reported a blunting of relevant adaptations to exercise, following the patterns described in skeletal muscles. This review discusses current data regarding liver responses and adaptation to acute and regular exercise protocols alone or combined with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation. The understanding of the mechanisms behind these modulations is of interest for both exercise-related health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- a Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade de Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil.,c Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Gallego
- d Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- e Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud (IRyS), Escuela de Educación Física , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso , Valparaiso , Chile
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Protective effect of low dose caffeine on psychological stress and cognitive function. Physiol Behav 2017; 168:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Previously, we reported that in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) generated by exogenous administration of Aβ₁₋₄₂ (250 pmol/d for 2 wk) via mini-osmotic pump, the animals exhibited learning and memory impairment, which could be attributed to the deleterious alterations in the levels of cognition-related signalling molecules. We showed that 4 wk of treadmill exercise totally prevented these impairments. Here, we evaluated the effect of exercise on non-cognitive function and basal synaptic transmission in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) area using the same AD model. Our results indicated that the anxiety behaviour of Aβ-treated rats was prevented by 4 wk of treadmill exercise. Exercised/Aβ-infused rats spent a longer time in the centre area of the open field (OF), elevated plus maze (EPM) paradigms and the light area of the light-dark (LD) box, which were similar to those of control and exercise rats. Furthermore, under basal conditions the aberrant up-regulation of calcineurin (PP2B) and reduction of phosphorylated Ca²⁺/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII) levels induced by AD-like pathology were normalised by the exercise regimen. We conclude that regular exercise may exert beneficial effects on both cognitive and non-cognitive functions in this AD model.
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Moylan S, Eyre HA, Maes M, Baune BT, Jacka FN, Berk M. Exercising the worry away: how inflammation, oxidative and nitrogen stress mediates the beneficial effect of physical activity on anxiety disorder symptoms and behaviours. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:573-84. [PMID: 23415701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity exerts positive effects on anxiety disorder symptoms, although the biological mechanisms underpinning this effect are incompletely understood. Numerous lines of evidence support inflammation and oxidative and nitrogen stress (O&NS) as important in the pathogenesis of mood and anxiety disorders, and physical activity is known to influence these same pathways. This paper reviews the inter-relationships between anxiety disorders, physical activity and inflammation and O&NS, to explore whether modulation of inflammation and O&NS may in part underpin the positive effect of physical activity on anxiety disorders. Numerous studies support the notion that physical activity operates as an anti-inflammatory and anti-O&NS agent which potentially exerts positive effects on neuroplasticity, the expression of neurotrophins and normal neuronal functions. These effects may therefore influence the expression and evolution of anxiety disorders. Further exploration of this area may elicit a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, and inform the development of integrated programmes including PA specifically suited to the treatment and prevention of anxiety disorders and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moylan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Lima FD, Stamm DN, Della-Pace ID, Dobrachinski F, de Carvalho NR, Royes LFF, Soares FA, Rocha JB, González-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Swimming training induces liver mitochondrial adaptations to oxidative stress in rats submitted to repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55668. [PMID: 23405192 PMCID: PMC3565999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although acute exhaustive exercise is known to increase liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and aerobic training has shown to improve the antioxidant status in the liver, little is known about mitochondria adaptations to aerobic training. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the aerobic training on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defense in liver mitochondria both after training and in response to three repeated exhaustive swimming bouts. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into training (n = 14) and control (n = 14) groups. Training group performed a 6-week swimming training protocol. Subsets of training (n = 7) and control (n = 7) rats performed 3 repeated exhaustive swimming bouts with 72 h rest in between. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant activity, and mitochondria functionality were assessed. RESULTS Trained group showed increased reduced glutathione (GSH) content and reduced/oxidized (GSH/GSSG) ratio, higher superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and decreased lipid peroxidation in liver mitochondria. Aerobic training protected against exhaustive swimming ROS production herein characterized by decreased oxidative stress markers, higher antioxidant defenses, and increases in methyl-tetrazolium reduction and membrane potential. Trained group also presented higher time to exhaustion compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Swimming training induced positive adaptations in liver mitochondria of rats. Increased antioxidant defense after training coped well with exercise-produced ROS and liver mitochondria were less affected by exhaustive exercise. Therefore, liver mitochondria also adapt to exercise-induced ROS and may play an important role in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico D. Lima
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel N. Stamm
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iuri D. Della-Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nélson R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F. Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix A. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João B. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Basha PM, Sujitha NS. Combined influence of intermittent exercise and temperature stress on the modulation of fluoride toxicity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:69-75. [PMID: 22311083 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the circumstantial evidences on the involvement of fluoride on the etiology and pathogenesis of fluorosis, several lines of evidences strongly indicate the influence of modulator factors such as duration of fluoride exposure, age, temperature, and physical activity. This study has been designed to investigate the combined influence of intermittent exercise and temperature stress on the modulation of fluoride toxicity. Three-month-old Wistar male rats were exposed to high sodium fluoride (600 ppm) through drinking water for 1 month and the rats were then subjected to swimming exercise at different temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). Oxidative stress indices analyzed showed fluoride-induced oxidative stress in biological tissues studied like brain, heart, liver, and kidney. Exercise regimen coupled with different temperatures were found to be effective in bringing the oxidative stress indices to near normal level indicating decreased free radical production which may be a compensatory mechanism to counteract against the detrimental effects of fluoride. Further, the deleterious effects of fluoride significantly reduced at 25°C and 30°C demonstrating that the thermoneutral temperatures were effective in reducing the toxicity level.
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Belviranlı M, Gökbel H, Okudan N, Büyükbaş S. Effects of grape seed polyphenols on oxidative damage in liver tissue of acutely and chronically exercised rats. Phytother Res 2012; 27:672-7. [PMID: 22745005 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense markers in liver tissue of acutely and chronically exercised rats. Rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Control (C), Control Chronic Exercise (CE), Control Acute Exercise (AE), GSE-supplemented Control (GC), GSE-supplemented Chronic Exercise(GCE) and GSE-supplemented Acute Exercise (GAE). Rats in the chronic exercise groups were subjected to a six-week treadmill running and in the acute exercise groups performed an exhaustive running. Rats in the GSE supplemented groups received GSE (100 mg.kg(-1) .day(-1) ) in drinking water for 6 weeks. Liver tissues of the rats were taken for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and total antioxidant activity (AOA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. MDA levels decreased with GSE supplementation in control groups but increased in acute and chronic exercise groups compared to their non-supplemented control. NO levels increased with GSE supplementation. XO activities were higher in AE group compared to the CE group. AOA decreased with GSE supplementation. In conclusion, while acute exercise triggers oxidative stress, chronic exercise has protective role against oxidative stress. GSE has a limited antioxidant effect on exercise-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaz Belviranlı
- Department of Physiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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Fealy CE, Haus JM, Solomon TPJ, Pagadala M, Flask CA, McCullough AJ, Kirwan JP. Short-term exercise reduces markers of hepatocyte apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1-6. [PMID: 22582214 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00127.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased hepatocyte apoptosis is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and contributes to the profibrogenic state responsible for the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Strategies aimed at reducing apoptosis may result in better outcomes for individuals with NAFLD. We therefore examined the effect of a short-term exercise program on markers of apoptosis-plasma cytokeratin 18 (CK18) fragments, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), soluble Fas (sFas), and sFas ligand (sFasL)-in 13 obese individuals with NAFLD [body mass index 35.2 ± 1.2 kg/m(2), >5% intrahepatic lipid (IHL) assessed by (1)H-MR spectroscopy]. Exercise consisted of treadmill walking for 60 min/day on 7 consecutive days at ∼85% of maximal heart rate. Additionally, subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a maximal oxygen consumption (Vo(2max)) test before and after the exercise intervention. The Matsuda index was used to assess insulin sensitivity. We observed significant decreases in CK18 fragments (558.4 ± 106.8 vs. 323.4 ± 72.5 U/l, P < 0.01) and ALT (30.2 ± 5.1 vs. 24.3 ± 4.8 U/l, P < 0.05), and an increase in whole body fat oxidation (49.3 ± 6.1 vs. 69.4 ± 7.1 mg/min, P < 0.05), while decreases in circulating sFasL approached statistical significance (66.5 ± 6.0 vs. 63.0 ± 5.7 pg/ml, P = 0.06), as did the relationship between percent change in circulating CK18 fragments and ALT (r = 0.55, P = 0.05). We also observed a significant correlation between changes in fat oxidation and circulating sFasL (rho = -0.65, P < 0.05). There was no change in IHL following the intervention (18.2 ± 2.5 vs. 17.5 ± 2.1%, NS). We conclude that short-term exercise reduces a circulatory marker of hepatocyte apoptosis in obese individuals with NAFLD and propose that changes in the proapoptotic environment may be mediated through improved insulin sensitivity and increased oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran E Fealy
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Lapmanee S, Charoenphandhu N, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu J. Anxiolytic-like actions of reboxetine, venlafaxine and endurance swimming in stressed male rats. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aksu I, Baykara B, Ozbal S, Cetin F, Sisman AR, Dayi A, Gencoglu C, Tas A, Büyük E, Gonenc-Arda S, Uysal N. Maternal treadmill exercise during pregnancy decreases anxiety and increases prefrontal cortex VEGF and BDNF levels of rat pups in early and late periods of life. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:221-5. [PMID: 22503727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we demonstrated that, regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy decreased maternal deprivation induced anxiety. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the positive effects of maternal exercise on the male and female offspring's early and late period of life. Half of the test subjects in each group were evaluated when they were 26 days old, and the other half were evaluated when they were 4 months old. The anxiety levels of maternally exercised groups were less than the control groups in both sexes and in both prepubertal and adult periods. The locomotor activity more increased in females. The prefrontal VEGF and BDNF levels were greater for both age groups and sexes in the maternally exercised group compared to control group. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlations between prefrontal cortex BDNF levels and results of open field tests; and VEGF levels and results of elevated plus maze tests. There was no difference in serum corticosterone levels between groups. These results indicate that maternal exercise during pregnancy may protect the pups from anxiety in early and late periods of life, and affects the prefrontal cortex positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Aksu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey
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Aoki C, Sabaliauskas N, Chowdhury T, Min JY, Colacino AR, Laurino K, Barbarich-Marsteller NC. Adolescent female rats exhibiting activity-based anorexia express elevated levels of GABA(A) receptor α4 and δ subunits at the plasma membrane of hippocampal CA1 spines. Synapse 2012; 66:391-407. [PMID: 22213233 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is an animal model for anorexia nervosa that has revealed genetic links to anxiety traits and neurochemical characteristics within the hypothalamus. However, few studies have used this animal model to investigate the biological basis for vulnerability of pubertal and adolescent females to ABA, even though the great majority of the anorexia nervosa cases are females exhibiting the first symptoms during puberty. GABAergic inhibition of the hippocampus strongly regulates anxiety as well as plasticity throughout life. We recently showed that the hippocampal CA1 of female mice undergo a dramatic change at puberty onset--from expressing virtually none of the nonsynaptic α4βδ GABA(A) receptors (GABARs) prepubertally to expressing these GABARs at ~7% of the CA1 dendritic spine membranes at puberty onset. Furthermore, we showed that this change underlies the enhanced modulation of anxiety, neuronal excitability, and NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by the stress neurosteroid, THP (3α-OH-5α[β]-pregnan-20-one or [allo]pregnanolone). Here, we used quantitative electron microscopy to determine whether ABA induction in female rats during adolescence also elevates the expression of α4 and δ subunits of α4βδ GABARs, as was observed at puberty onset for mice. Our analysis revealed that rats also exhibit a rise of α4 and δ subunits of α4βδ GABARs at puberty onset, in that these subunits are detectable at ~6% of the dendritic spine membranes of CA1 pyramidal cells at puberty onset (postnatal day 32-36; P32-36) but this drops to about 2% by P40-P44. The levels of α4 and δ subunits at the CA1 spines remained low following exposure of females to either of the two environmental factors needed to generate ABA--food restriction and access to a running wheel for 4 days--from P40 to P44. This pattern contrasted greatly from those of ABA animals, for which the two environmental factors were combined. Within the hippocampus of ABA animals, 12% of the spine profiles were labeled for α4, reflecting a sixfold increase, relative to hippocampi of age-matched (P44) control females (p < 0.005). Concurrently, 7% of the spine profiles were labeled for δ, reflecting a 130% increase from the control values of 3% (p = 0.01). No measurable change was detected for spine size. The observed magnitude of increase in the α4 and δ subunits at spines is sufficient to increase both tonic inhibition of hippocampus and anxiety during stress, thereby likely to exacerbate hyperactivity and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Uysal N, Sisman AR, Dayi A, Aksu I, Cetin F, Gencoglu C, Tas A, Buyuk E. Maternal exercise decreases maternal deprivation induced anxiety of pups and correlates to increased prefrontal cortex BDNF and VEGF. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:273-8. [PMID: 22044872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation (MD) may cause neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorder by negatively affecting the cognitive functions and behavior in pups. The aim of this study is to investigate whether maternal exercise during pregnancy has beneficial effects on anxiety that increases with MD, and on the levels of VEGF and BDNF which have anxiolytic effects on the prefrontal cortex, the anxiety-related region of the brain. The anxiety level in the deprivation group was greater than the control group and found more in male than female pups. The prefrontal cortex VEGF and BDNF levels were decreased in the deprivation group compared to control group while serum corticosterone levels were increased in the deprivation group. Anxiety and serum corticosterone levels were decreased in maternally exercised female and male pups, while the prefrontal cortex VEGF and BDNF levels were increased, compared to sedentary mother's pups. These results indicate that maternal exercise may attenuate the negative effect of stresses such as maternal deprivation that can be encountered early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Uysal
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Turkey.
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