1
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Ciuffreda P, Xynomilakis O, Casati S, Ottria R. Fluorescence-Based Enzyme Activity Assay: Ascertaining the Activity and Inhibition of Endocannabinoid Hydrolytic Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7693. [PMID: 39062935 PMCID: PMC11276806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, known for its regulatory role in various physiological processes, relies on the activities of several hydrolytic enzymes, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and α/β-hydrolase domains 6 (ABHD6) and 12 (ABHD12), to maintain homeostasis. Accurate measurement of these enzymes' activities is crucial for understanding their function and for the development of potential therapeutic agents. Fluorometric assays, which offer high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, have become essential tools in enzymatic studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles behind these assays, the various substrates and fluorophores used, and advances in assay techniques used not only for the determination of the kinetic mechanisms of enzyme reactions but also for setting up kinetic assays for the high-throughput screening of each critical enzyme involved in endocannabinoid degradation. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to highlight the strengths and limitations of current fluorometric assays and suggest future directions for improving the measurement of enzyme activity in the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (P.C.); (O.X.); (S.C.)
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2
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Jo J, Upadhyay T, Woods EC, Park KW, Pedowitz NJ, Jaworek-Korjakowska J, Wang S, Valdez TA, Fellner M, Bogyo M. Development of Oxadiazolone Activity-Based Probes Targeting FphE for Specific Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Infections. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6880-6892. [PMID: 38411555 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major human pathogen that is responsible for a wide range of systemic infections. Since its propensity to form biofilms in vivo poses formidable challenges for both detection and treatment, tools that can be used to specifically image S. aureus biofilms are highly valuable for clinical management. Here, we describe the development of oxadiazolone-based activity-based probes to target the S. aureus-specific serine hydrolase FphE. Because this enzyme lacks homologues in other bacteria, it is an ideal target for selective imaging of S. aureus infections. Using X-ray crystallography, direct cell labeling, and mouse models of infection, we demonstrate that oxadiazolone-based probes enable specific labeling of S. aureus bacteria through the direct covalent modification of the FphE active site serine. These results demonstrate the utility of the oxadizolone electrophile for activity-based probes and validate FphE as a target for the development of imaging contrast agents for the rapid detection of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C Woods
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nichole J Pedowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulio A Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthias Fellner
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Jo J, Upadhyay T, Woods EC, Park KW, Pedowitz NJ, Jaworek-Korjakowska J, Wang S, Valdez TA, Fellner M, Bogyo M. Development of Oxadiazolone Activity-Based Probes Targeting FphE for Specific Detection of S. aureus Infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571116. [PMID: 38168396 PMCID: PMC10760020 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen responsible for a wide range of systemic infections. Since its propensity to form biofilms in vivo poses formidable challenges for both detection and treatment, tools that can be used to specifically image S. aureus biofilms are highly valuable for clinical management. Here we describe the development of oxadiazolonebased activity-based probes to target the S. aureus-specific serine hydrolase FphE. Because this enzyme lacks homologs in other bacteria, it is an ideal target for selective imaging of S. aureus infections. Using X-ray crystallography, direct cell labeling and mouse models of infection we demonstrate that oxadiazolone-based probes enable specific labeling of S. aureus bacteria through the direct covalent modification of the FphE active site serine. These results demonstrate the utility of the oxadizolone electrophile for activity-based probes (ABPs) and validate FphE as a target for development of imaging contrast agents for the rapid detection of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emily C. Woods
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ki Wan Park
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nichole J. Pedowitz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthias Fellner
- Biochemistry Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Zhao X, Amevor FK, Cui Z, Wan Y, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. Steatosis in metabolic diseases: A focus on lipolysis and lipophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114311. [PMID: 36764133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), as part of lipids, are involved in cell membrane composition, cellular energy storage, and cell signaling. FAs can also be toxic when their concentrations inside and/or outside the cell exceed physiological levels, which is called "lipotoxicity", and steatosis is a form of lipotoxity. To facilitate the storage of large quantities of FAs in cells, they undergo a process called lipolysis or lipophagy. This review focuses on the effects of lipolytic enzymes including cytoplasmic "neutral" lipolysis, lysosomal "acid" lipolysis, and lipophagy. Moreover, the impact of related lipolytic enzymes on lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation, as well as their role in lipid-related metabolic diseases. In addition, we describe how they affect lipid metabolism homeostasis and energy conservation in lipid-related metabolic diseases with a focus on hepatic steatosis and cancer and the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AMPK/SIRTs/FOXOs, PI3K/Akt, PPARs/PGC-1α, MAPK/ERK1/2, TLR4/NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR/TFEB, Wnt/β-catenin through immune inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy-related pathways. As well as the current application of lipolytic enzyme inhibitors (especially Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) inhibitors) to provide new strategies for future exploration of metabolic programming in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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5
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Jung KM, Piomelli D. Assay of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2576:285-297. [PMID: 36152196 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2728-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL/MAGL/MGLL) is a serine hydrolase involved in the biological deactivation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG). 2-AG is the most abundant endogenous lipid agonists for cannabinoid receptors in the brain and elsewhere in the body. In the central nervous system (CNS), MGL is localized to presynaptic nerve terminals of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, where it controls the regulatory actions of 2-AG on synaptic transmission and plasticity. In this chapter, we describe an in vitro method to assess MGL activity by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)-based quantitation of its reaction product. The method may be used to determine basal or altered MGL activity in cells or tissues after pharmacological, genetic, or biological interventions. In addition, the assay can be used for MGL inhibitor screening using purified recombinant enzyme or MGL-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Mook Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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6
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Kudo Y, Konoki K, Yotsu-Yamashita M. Mass spectrometry-guided discovery of new analogues of bicyclic phosphotriester salinipostin and evaluation of their monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitory activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1333-1342. [PMID: 35918181 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products containing the highly unusual phosphotriester ring are known to be potent serine hydrolase inhibitors. The long-chain bicyclic enol-phosphotriester salinipostins (SPTs) from the marine actinomycete Salinispora have been identified as selective antimalarial agents. A potential regulatory function has been suggested for phosphotriesters based on their structural relationship with actinomycete signaling molecules and the prevalence of spt-like biosynthetic gene clusters across actinomycetes. In this study, we established a mass spectrometry-guided screening method for phosphotriesters focusing on their characteristic fragment ions. Applying this screening method to the SPT producer Salinispora tropica CNB-440, new SPT analogues (4-6) were discovered and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Previously known and herein-identified SPT analogues inhibited the activity of human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a key serine hydrolase in the endocannabinoid system, in the nanomolar range. Our method could be applied to the screening of phosphotriesters, potential serine hydrolase inhibitors and signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kudo
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Konoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Yotsu-Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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7
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Farley SE, Kyle JE, Leier HC, Bramer LM, Weinstein JB, Bates TA, Lee JY, Metz TO, Schultz C, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map reveals host dependency factors conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3487. [PMID: 35715395 PMCID: PMC9203258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of host dependency factors for SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. Here, we map alterations in host lipids following SARS-CoV-2 infection using nontargeted lipidomics. We find that SARS-CoV-2 rewires host lipid metabolism, significantly altering hundreds of lipid species to effectively establish infection. We correlate these changes with viral protein activity by transfecting human cells with each viral protein and performing lipidomics. We find that lipid droplet plasticity is a key feature of infection and that viral propagation can be blocked by small-molecule glycerolipid biosynthesis inhibitors. We find that this inhibition was effective against the main variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), indicating that glycerolipid biosynthesis is a conserved host dependency factor that supports this evolving virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scotland E Farley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carsten Schultz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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8
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Bononi G, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Ortore G, Meier P, Masetto F, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Avan A, Giovannetti E, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Gertsch J, Tuccinardi T. Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Discovery of a New Class of Benzylpiperidine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7118-7140. [PMID: 35522977 PMCID: PMC9150076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for the
metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the brain and the hydrolysis
of peripheral monoacylglycerols. Many studies demonstrated beneficial
effects deriving from MAGL inhibition for neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammatory pathologies, and cancer. MAGL expression is increased
in invasive tumors, furnishing free fatty acids as pro-tumorigenic
signals and for tumor cell growth. Here, a new class of benzylpiperidine-based
MAGL inhibitors was synthesized, leading to the identification of 13, which showed potent reversible and selective MAGL inhibition.
Associated with MAGL overexpression and the prognostic role in pancreatic
cancer, derivative 13 showed antiproliferative activity
and apoptosis induction, as well as the ability to reduce cell migration
in primary pancreatic cancer cultures, and displayed a synergistic
interaction with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. These results
suggest that the class of benzylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors have
potential as a new class of therapeutic agents and MAGL could play
a role in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, via Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Jaiswal S, Akhilesh, Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Raja Ayyannan S. Synthesis and evaluation of dual fatty acid amide hydrolase-monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition and antinociceptive activities of 4-methylsulfonylaniline-derived semicarbazones. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116698. [PMID: 35296453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) are promising targets for neuropathic pain and other CNS disorders. Based on our previous lead compound SIH 3, we designed and synthesized a series of 4-methylsulfonylphenyl semicarbazones and evaluated for FAAH and MAGL inhibition properties. Most of the compounds showed potency towards both enzymes with leading FAAH selectivity. Compound (Z)-2-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidene)-N-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide emerged as the lead inhibitor against both FAAH (IC50 = 11 nM) and MAGL (IC50 = 36 nM). The lead inhibitor inhibited FAAH by non-competitive mode, but showed a mixed-type inhibition against MAGL. Molecular docking study unveiled that the docked ligands bind favorably to the active sites of FAAH and MAGL. The lead inhibitor interacted with FAAH and MAGL via π-π stacking via phenyl ring and hydrogen bonding through sulfonyl oxygen atoms or amide NH. Moreover, the stability of docked complexes was rationalized by molecular simulation studies. PAMPA assay revealed that the lead compound is suitable for blood-brain penetration. The lead compound showed better cell viability in lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity assay in SH-SY5Y cell lines. Further, in-vivo experiments unveiled that dual inhibitor was safe up to 2000 mg/kg with no hepatotoxicity. The dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor produced significant anti-nociceptive effect in the CCI model of neuropathic pain without altering locomotion activity. Lastly, the lead compound exhibited promising ex-vivo FAAH/MAGL inhibition activity at the dose of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg. Thus, these findings suggest that the semicarbazone-based lead compound can be a potential template for the development of agents for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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10
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Farley SE, Kyle JE, Leier HC, Bramer LM, Weinstein J, Bates TA, Lee JY, Metz TO, Schultz C, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map reveals host dependency factors conserved across SARS-CoV-2 variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.02.14.480430. [PMID: 35194611 PMCID: PMC8863149 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.14.480430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of host dependency factors for SARS-CoV-2 remains elusive. We mapped alterations in host lipids following SARS-CoV-2 infection using nontargeted lipidomics. We found that SARS-CoV-2 rewires host lipid metabolism, altering 409 lipid species up to 64-fold relative to controls. We correlated these changes with viral protein activity by transfecting human cells with each viral protein and performing lipidomics. We found that lipid droplet plasticity is a key feature of infection and that viral propagation can be blocked by small-molecule glycerolipid biosynthesis inhibitors. We found that this inhibition was effective against the main variants of concern (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), indicating that glycerolipid biosynthesis is a conserved host dependency factor that supports this evolving virus.
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11
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Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Discovery of Isatin-Based Carbohydrazones as Potential Dual Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100559. [PMID: 34637598 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using ligand-based design strategy, a set of isatin-3-carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for dual fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition properties. Compound 5-chloro-N'-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 b) emerged as a potent MAGL inhibitor with nanomolar activity (IC50 =3.33 nM), while compound 5-chloro-N'-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 j) was the most potent selective FAAH inhibitor (IC50 =37 nM). Compound 5-chloro-N'-(6-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (13 c) showed dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 31 and 29 nM respectively. Enzyme kinetics studies revealed that the isatin-based carbohydrazones are reversible inhibitors for both FAAH and MAGL. Further, blood-brain permeability assay confirmed that the lead compounds (13 b, 13 c, 13 g, 13 m and 13 q) are suitable as CNS candidates. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed the putative binding modes and key interactions of lead inhibitors within the enzyme active sites. The lead dual FAAH-MAGL inhibitor 13 c showed significant antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in the cell-based cytotoxicity assay. In summary, the study yielded three potent FAAH/MAGL inhibitor compounds (13 b, 13 c and 13 j) with acceptable pharmacokinetic profile and thus can be considered as promising candidates for treating neurological and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Tung MC, Fung KM, Hsu HM, Tseng TS. Discovery of 8-prenylnaringenin from hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) as a potent monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor for treatments of neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31062-31072. [PMID: 35498911 PMCID: PMC9041313 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a serine hydrolase, converts endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol in the brain and plays a bidirectional role in controlling nueroinflammation. MAGL, involved in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, is a promising target for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the irreversible inhibitors of MAGL lead to the desensitization of CB1 receptors further impairing the benefits associated with the indirect CB1 stimulation. Therefore, development of potent reversible inhibitors from natural products (NPs) and traditional chinese medicines (TCMs) are safer and free from adverse side effects and feasible to avoid drawbacks which irreversible inhibitors cause. Here, we employed pharmacophore-based screening of drug candidates coupled with molecular docking, biochemical assay and Ligplot analyses to identify and characterize inhibitors targeting human MAGL (hMAGL). The built pharmacophore model, Phar-MAGL successfully identified inhibitors NP-2 (IC50 = 9.5 ± 1.2 μM), NP-5 (IC50 = 14.5 ± 1.3 μM), and NP-3 (IC50 = 15.2 ± 1.4 μM), which apparently attenuated the activities of hMAGL in vitro. The evident activities of the identified inhibitors against hMAGL showed that the pharmacophore model, Phar-MAGL is reliable and efficient in screening inhibitors against hMAGL. Our study successfully identified a natrual product inhibitor, NP-2 (8-PN), from the plant Humulus lupulus L. (hops) and its positive effects in neurogenesis and neurodifferentiation along with the evident inhibitory potency against hMAGL revealed the potential for further optimizing and developing into drugs to treat neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Discovery of natural product inhibitors against human monoacylglycerol lipase by pharmacophore-based drug screening, LibDock molecular docking and in vitro biochemical examinations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Che Tung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital Taichung 435 Taiwan
| | - Kit-Man Fung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Mie Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
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13
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Bononi G, Tonarini G, Poli G, Barravecchia I, Caligiuri I, Macchia M, Rizzolio F, Demontis GC, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors based on a diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113679. [PMID: 34218085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme belonging to the endocannabinoid system that mainly metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Numerous studies have shown the involvement of this enzyme in various pathological conditions such as pain, cancer progression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, thus encouraging the development of new MAGL modulators. In this context, we developed new diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine derivatives characterized by a high enzymatic MAGL inhibition activity in the low nanomolar range, a reversible mechanism of action and selectivity. The three most active compounds (15-17) induced an appreciable inhibition of cell viability in a panel of nine cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging between 0.32 and 10 μM, thus highlighting their potential as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tonarini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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14
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Zięba A, Laitinen T, Patel JZ, Poso A, Kaczor AA. Docking-Based 3D-QSAR Studies for 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one Derivatives as FAAH Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6108. [PMID: 34204026 PMCID: PMC8201265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to construct 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models for a series of 31 FAAH inhibitors, containing the 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one moiety. The obtained models were characterized by good statistical parameters: CoMFA Q2 = 0.61, R2 = 0.98; CoMSIA Q2 = 0.64, R2 = 0.93. The CoMFA model field contributions were 54.1% and 45.9% for steric and electrostatic fields, respectively. In the CoMSIA model, electrostatic, steric, hydrogen bond donor, and hydrogen acceptor properties were equal to 34.6%, 23.9%, 23.4%, and 18.0%, respectively. These models were validated by applying the leave-one-out technique, the seven-element test set (CoMFA r2test-set = 0.91; CoMSIA r2test-set = 0.91), a progressive scrambling test, and external validation criteria developed by Golbraikh and Tropsha (CoMFA r20 = 0.98, k = 0.95; CoMSIA r20 = 0.98, k = 0.89). As the statistical significance of the obtained model was confirmed, the results of the CoMFA and CoMSIA field calculation were mapped onto the enzyme binding site. It gave us the opportunity to discuss the structure-activity relationship based on the ligand-enzyme interactions. In particular, examination of the electrostatic properties of the established CoMFA model revealed fields that correspond to the regions where electropositive substituents are not desired, e.g., in the neighborhood of the 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one moiety. This highlights the importance of heterocycle, a highly electronegative moiety in this area of each ligand. Examination of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties contour maps revealed several spots where the implementation of another hydrogen-bond-donating moiety will positively impact molecules' binding affinity, e.g., in the neighborhood of the 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one ring. On the other hand, there is a large isopleth that refers to the favorable H-bond properties close to the terminal phenoxy group of a ligand, which means that, generally speaking, H-bond acceptors are desired in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zięba
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jayendra Z Patel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, PL-20059 Lublin, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Xiong F, Ding X, Zhang H, Luo X, Chen K, Jiang H, Luo C, Xu H. Discovery of novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors via docking-based virtual screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 41:127986. [PMID: 33766770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the major enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols (MAGs). MAGL is responsible for degrading 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol in the brain and specific tissues. The inhibition of MAGL could attenuate the inflammatory response. Here, we report a series of reversible non-covalent MAGL inhibitors via virtual screening combined with biochemical analysis. The hit, DC630-8 showed low-micromolar activity against MAGL in vitro, and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmin Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Heng Xu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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16
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Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Anticancer Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2172-2187. [PMID: 33834617 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have been in the limelight due to their anticancer potential. Both FAAH and MAGL are the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes that hydrolyze several endogenous ligands, mainly anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonic glycerol (2-AG), which regulate various pathophysiological conditions in the body such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. FAAH and MAGL inhibitors block the metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, increase endogenous levels of fatty acid amides, and exert various therapeutic effects including chronic pain, metabolic disorders, psychoses, nausea and vomiting, depression, and anxiety disorders. FAAH and MAGL are primarily neurotherapeutic targets, but their contribution to various types of carcinomas are significant. Inhibitors of these enzymes either alone or as multitarget agents, or with supra-additive effects show the potential effect in ovarian, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Besides highlighting the role of FAAH and MAGL in cancer progression, this review provides an update on the anticancer capabilities of known and newly discovered FAAH and MAGL inhibitors and also provides further directions to develop FAAH and MAGL inhibitors as new candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Analgesic and Anticancer Activity of Benzoxazole Clubbed 2-Pyrrolidinones as Novel Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082389. [PMID: 33924091 PMCID: PMC8074287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten benzoxazole clubbed 2-pyrrolidinones (11–20) as human monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors were designed on the criteria fulfilling the structural requirements and on the basis of previously reported inhibitors. The designed, synthesized, and characterized compounds (11–20) were screened against monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in order to find potential inhibitors. Compounds 19 (4-NO2 derivative) and 20 (4-SO2NH2 derivative), with an IC50 value of 8.4 and 7.6 nM, were found most active, respectively. Both of them showed micromolar potency (IC50 value above 50 µM) against a close analogue, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), therefore considered as selective inhibitors of MAGL. Molecular docking studies of compounds 19 and 20 revealed that carbonyl of 2-pyrrolidinone moiety sited at the oxyanion hole of catalytic site of the enzyme stabilized with three hydrogen bonds (~2 Å) with Ala51, Met123, and Ser122, the amino acid residues responsible for the catalytic function of the enzyme. Remarkably, the physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of compounds 19 and 20, computed by QikProp, were found to be in the qualifying range as per the proposed guideline for good orally bioactive CNS drugs. In formalin-induced nociception test, compound 20 reduced the pain response in acute and late stages in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly demonstrated the reduction in pain response, having better potency than the positive control gabapentin (GBP), at 30 mg/kg dose. Compounds 19 and 20 were submitted to NCI, USA, for anticancer activity screening. Compounds 19 (NSC: 778839) and 20 (NSC: 778842) were found to have good anticancer activity on SNB-75 cell line of CNS cancer, exhibiting 35.49 and 31.88% growth inhibition (% GI), respectively.
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18
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Bononi G, Poli G, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Granchi C. An updated patent review of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:153-168. [PMID: 33085920 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1841166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) belongs to the endocannabinoid system and is responsible for the inactivation of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Importantly, it was found that MAGL degradation of lipids in cancer cells enhances the availability of free fatty acids for new cellular membrane formation and pro-oncogenic lipid modulators. The multifaceted role of MAGL has greatly stimulated the search for MAGL inhibitors, which could be effective to treat diseases, such as inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer. AREAS COVERED This review covers patents published since 2018 up to now, concerning new MAGL inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION In the years 2018-2020, several well-known chemical scaffolds of MAGL inhibitors have been further optimized and developed and some new chemical classes have also been identified as MAGL inhibitors. Moreover, an increasing number of scientific publications covering MAGL inhibitors is focused on MAGL-specific positron emission tomography (PET) ligands. The numerous efforts of pharmaceutical companies and academic research groups finalized to find new potent MAGL inhibitors confirm that this research area is rapidly growing. Nevertheless, most of the patented compounds still belong to the large group of irreversible MAGL inhibitors, highlighting that the development of reversible MAGL inhibitors is still an unmet pharmaceutical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS , Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University , Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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19
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Korff M, Imberg L, Will JM, Bückreiß N, Kalinina SA, Wenzel BM, Kastner GA, Daniliuc CG, Barth M, Ovsepyan RA, Butov KR, Humpf HU, Lehr M, Panteleev MA, Poso A, Karst U, Steinmetzer T, Bendas G, Kalinin DV. Acylated 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-amines Targeting Human Coagulation Factor XIIa and Thrombin: Conventional and Microscale Synthesis, Anticoagulant Properties, and Mechanism of Action. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13159-13186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Korff
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Imberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jonas M. Will
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nico Bückreiß
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Svetlana A. Kalinina
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gregor A. Kastner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Barth
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ruzanna A. Ovsepyan
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Samory Mashela str. 1, GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill R. Butov
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Samory Mashela str. 1, GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Dmitriy Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Samory Mashela str. 1, GSP-7, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Granchi C, Bononi G, Ferrisi R, Gori E, Mantini G, Glasmacher S, Poli G, Palazzolo S, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Perin T, Gertsch J, Sodi A, Giovannetti E, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of second-generation benzoylpiperidine derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112857. [PMID: 33045662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An interesting enzyme of the endocannabinoid system is monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). This enzyme, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), has attracted great interest due to its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. Experimental evidences highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of irreversible MAGL inhibitors in vivo, therefore the research field concerning reversible inhibitors is rapidly growing. In the present manuscript, the class of benzoylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors was further expanded and optimized. Enzymatic assays identified some compounds in the low nanomolar range and steered molecular dynamics simulations predicted the dissociation itinerary of one of the best compounds from the enzyme, confirming the observed structure-activity relationship. Biological evaluation, including assays in intact U937 cells and competitive activity-based protein profiling experiments in mouse brain membranes, confirmed the selectivity of the selected compounds for MAGL versus other components of the endocannabinoid system. An antiproliferative ability in a panel of cancer cell lines highlighted their potential as potential anticancer agents. Future studies on the potential use of these compounds in the clinical setting are also supported by the inhibition of cell growth observed both in cancer organoids derived from high grade serous ovarian cancer patients and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary cells, which showed genetic and histological features very similar to the primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Montesdeoca N, López M, Ariza X, Herrero L, Makowski K. Inhibitors of lipogenic enzymes as a potential therapy against cancer. FASEB J 2020; 34:11355-11381. [PMID: 32761847 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on several metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism to meet the increase in energy demand, cell division, and growth and successfully adapt to challenging environments. Fatty acid synthesis is therefore commonly enhanced in many cancer cell lines. Thus, relevant efforts are being made by the scientific community to inhibit the enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to disrupt cancer cell proliferation. We review the rapidly expanding body of inhibitors that target lipid metabolism, their side effects, and current status in clinical trials as potential therapeutic approaches against cancer. We focus on their molecular, biochemical and structural properties, selectivity and effectiveness and discuss their potential role as antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montesdeoca
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Marta López
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kamil Makowski
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
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22
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Altamimi ASA, Bawa S, Athar F, Hassan MQ, Riadi Y, Afzal O. Pyrrolidin-2-one linked benzofused heterocycles as novel small molecule monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors and antinociceptive agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 96:1418-1432. [PMID: 32575154 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen pyrrolidin-2-one linked benzothiazole, and benzimidazole derivatives (10-27) were designed and synthesized. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by elemental and spectral (IR, 1 H-NMR and MS) data analysis. All the compounds were screened by human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) inhibition assay. Three benzimidazole compounds, 22 (4-Cl phenyl), 23 (3-Cl,4-F phenyl) and 25 (4-methoxy phenyl) were found to be the most potent, having an IC50 value of 8.6, 8.0 and 9.4 nm, respectively. Among them, the halogen-substituted phenyl derivatives, compound 22 (4-Cl phenyl) and compound 23 (3-Cl,4-F phenyl), showed micromolar potency against fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), having an IC50 value of 35 and 24 µm, respectively. Benzimidazole derivative having 4-methoxyphenyl substitution (compound 25) was found to be a selective MAGL inhibitor (IC50 = 9.4 nm), with an IC50 value above 50 µm against FAAH. In the formalin-induced nociception test, compound 25 showed a dose-dependent reduction of pain response in both acute and late phases. At 30 mg/kg dose, it significantly reduced the pain response and showed greater potency than the reference drug gabapentin (GBP).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yassine Riadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Arora G, Gupta A, Guo T, Gandhi A, Laine A, Williams D, Ahn C, Iyengar P, Infante R. JAK Inhibitors Suppress Cancer Cachexia-Associated Anorexia and Adipose Wasting in Mice. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 3:115-128. [PMID: 33103159 PMCID: PMC7580845 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a syndrome of muscle atrophy, adipose loss, and anorexia, is associated with reduced survival in cancer patients. The colon adenocarcinoma C26c20 cell line secretes the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) which induces cachexia. We characterized how LIF promotes cachexia-associated weight loss and anorexia in mice through JAK-dependent changes in adipose and hypothalamic tissues. METHODS Cachexia was induced in vivo with the heterotopic allotransplanted administration of C26c20 colon adenocarcinoma cells or the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant LIF in the absence or presence of JAK inhibitors. Blood, adipose, and hypothalamic tissues were collected and processed for cyto/adipokine ELISAs, immunoblot analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR. Cachexia-associated lipolysis was induced in vitro by stimulating differentiated adipocytes with recombinant LIF or IL-6 in the absence or presence of lipase or JAK inhibitors. These adipocytes were processed for glycerol release into the media, immunoblot analysis, and RT-PCR. RESULTS Tumor-secreted LIF induced changes in adipose tissue expression and serum levels of IL-6 and leptin in a JAK-dependent manner influencing cachexia-associated adipose wasting and anorexia. We identified two JAK inhibitors that block IL-6 family-mediated adipocyte lipolysis and IL-6 induction using an in vitro cachexia lipolysis assay. JAK inhibitors administered to the in vivo C26c20 cancer cachexia mouse models led to 1) a decrease in STAT3 phosphorylation in hypothalamic and adipose tissues, 2) a reverse in the cachexia serum cyto/adipokine signature, 3) a delay in cancer cachexia-associated anorexia and adipose loss, and 4) an improvement in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS JAK inhibitors suppress LIF-associated adipose loss and anorexia in both in vitro and in vivo models of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Arora
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arun Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aakash Gandhi
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Laine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dorothy Williams
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chul Ahn
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- corresponding authors. Correspondence: Rodney Infante or Puneeth Iyengar, 5300 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, 75390-9014. or ; telephone: 214-648-6614; fax: 214-648-6388
| | - Rodney Infante
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- corresponding authors. Correspondence: Rodney Infante or Puneeth Iyengar, 5300 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas, 75390-9014. or ; telephone: 214-648-6614; fax: 214-648-6388
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24
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Dahabiyeh LA, Abu-rish EY, Taha MO. Inhibition of monoglyceride lipase by proton pump inhibitors: investigation using docking and in vitro experiments. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 72:435-442. [PMID: 32048247 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Miceli M, Casati S, Ottria R, Di Leo S, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Parravicini C, Ciuffreda P. Set-Up and Validation of a High Throughput Screening Method for Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Based on a New Red Fluorescent Probe. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122241. [PMID: 31208066 PMCID: PMC6631453 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a serine hydrolase that has a key regulatory role in controlling the levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), the main signaling molecule in the endocannabinoid system. Identification of selective modulators of MAGL enables both to provide new tools for investigating pathophysiological roles of 2-AG, and to discover new lead compounds for drug design. The development of sensitive and reliable methods is crucial to evaluate this modulatory activity. In the current study, we report readily synthesized long-wavelength putative fluorogenic substrates with different acylic side chains to find a new probe for MAGL activity. 7-Hydroxyresorufinyl octanoate proved to be the best substrate thanks to the highest rate of hydrolysis and the best Km and Vmax values. In addition, in silico evaluation of substrates interaction with the active site of MAGL confirms octanoate resorufine derivative as the molecule of choice. The well-known MAGL inhibitors URB602 and methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate (MAFP) were used for the assay validation. The assay was highly reproducible with an overall average Z′ value of 0.86. The fast, sensitive and accurate method described in this study is suitable for low-cost high-throughput screening (HTS) of MAGL modulators and is a powerful new tool for studying MAGL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Miceli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvana Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Leo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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26
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Ali MR, Kumar S, Shalmali N, Afzal O, Azim S, Chanana D, Alam O, Paudel YN, Sharma M, Bawa S. Development of Thiazole-5-carboxylate Derivatives as Selective Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase as Target in Cancer. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:410-423. [PMID: 29962341 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180702103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The signalling function of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in endocannabinoid system is delineated by Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL readdresses the lipid stores in the direction of pro-tumorigenic signalling lipids in cancer cells. Selective as well as potent MAGL inhibitors are limited in number hence their continuous development may lead to a breakthrough invention in the field of MAGL inhibitors. In succession of the above, we have synthesised 2-amino-4- methylthiazole-5-carboxylate derivatives and characterised them by collective use of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analysis. METHODOLOGY Thirteen compounds (3c-g, 4c, 4e, 4f and 6b-f) inhibited MAGL with IC50 value 0.037- 9.60 µM. Two compounds (3g and 4c) were found to be most potent with IC50 values 0.037 and 0.063µM, respectively. Thirty synthesised compounds were sent to NCI for anticancer screening, out of which nine compounds were selected for one dose anticancer assay. Compounds 3g (NSC:788170) and 4c (NSC:788176)were found to be the most potent during one dose anticancer screening and fulfilled the specified threshold for growth inhibition criteria of NCI and were further selected for full panel five dose assay at 10-fold dilutions of five different concentrations. CONCLUSION Compound 3g displayed GI50 value 0.865 μM against EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line), and 1.20 µM against MDA-MB-468 (Breast Cancer cell Line), while (4c) showed GI50 value 0.34 and 0.96 µM against HOP-92 and EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line) and 1.08 µM against MDA-MB-231/ATCC(Breast Cancer cell Line). In addition, molecular docking studies of the said MAGL inhibitors have also been presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rahmat Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Nishtha Shalmali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sabir Azim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Damini Chanana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Ozair Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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27
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Poli G, Lapillo M, Jha V, Mouawad N, Caligiuri I, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Granchi C. Computationally driven discovery of phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanone derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:589-596. [PMID: 30696302 PMCID: PMC6352951 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1571271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an attractive therapeutic target for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer as well as chronic pain and inflammatory pathologies. The identification of reversible MAGL inhibitors, devoid of the side effects associated to prolonged MAGL inactivation, is a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. In this study, a novel phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanone inhibitor of MAGL was identified through a virtual screening protocol based on a fingerprint-driven consensus docking (CD) approach. Molecular modeling and preliminary structure-based hit optimization studies allowed the discovery of derivative 4, which showed an efficient reversible MAGL inhibition (IC50 = 6.1 µM) and a promising antiproliferative activity on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines (IC50 of 31-72 µM), thus representing a lead for the development of new and more potent reversible MAGL inhibitors. Moreover, the obtained results confirmed the reliability of the fingerprint-driven CD approach herein developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Vibhu Jha
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Flavio Rizzolio
- b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy.,c Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems , Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia , Venezia , Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Granchi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,d Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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28
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Granchi C, Lapillo M, Glasmacher S, Bononi G, Licari C, Poli G, el Boustani M, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Gertsch J, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Optimization of a Benzoylpiperidine Class Identifies a Highly Potent and Selective Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1932-1958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Licari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maguie el Boustani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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29
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Bononi G, Granchi C, Lapillo M, Giannotti M, Nieri D, Fortunato S, Boustani ME, Caligiuri I, Poli G, Carlson KE, Kim SH, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Rizzolio F, Chicca A, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of long-chain salicylketoxime derivatives as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:817-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Dato FM, Sheikh M, Uhl RZ, Schüller AW, Steinkrüger M, Koch P, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1833-1847. [PMID: 30004170 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure-activity relationship study of a small library of ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω-phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so-optimized compounds 2 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki ) of 1-19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases-monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase-were inhibited by ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Sheikh
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rocky Z Uhl
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra W Schüller
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Steinkrüger
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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31
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Gil-Ordóñez A, Martín-Fontecha M, Ortega-Gutiérrez S, López-Rodríguez ML. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) as a promising therapeutic target. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:18-32. [PMID: 30059673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) has been characterized as the main enzyme responsible for the inactivation of the most abundant brain endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Besides this role, MAGL has progressively acquired a growing importance as an integrative metabolic hub that controls not only the in vivo levels of 2-AG but also of other monoacylglycerides and, indirectly, the levels of free fatty acids derived from their hydrolysis as well as other lipids with pro-inflammatory or pro-tumorigenic effects, coming from the further metabolism of fatty acids. All these functions have only started to be elucidated in the last years due to the progress made in the knowledge of the structure of MAGL and in the development of genetic and chemical tools. In this review we report the advances made in the field with a special focus on the last decade and how MAGL has become a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of several diseases that currently lack appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gil-Ordóñez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Martín-Fontecha
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María L López-Rodríguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Gado F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Lucarini E, Bertini S, Cappelli E, Digiacomo M, Stevenson LA, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Ghelardini C, Pertwee RG, Manera C. Identification of the First Synthetic Allosteric Modulator of the CB 2 Receptors and Evidence of Its Efficacy for Neuropathic Pain Relief. J Med Chem 2018; 62:276-287. [PMID: 29990428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The direct activation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) results in several beneficial effects; therefore several CBRs ligands have been synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. However, none of them reached an advanced phase of clinical development due mainly to side effects on the CNS. Medicinal chemistry approaches are now engaged to develop allosteric modulators that might offer a novel therapeutic approach to achieve potential therapeutic benefits avoiding inherent side effects of orthosteric ligands. Here we identify the first ever synthesized positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that targets CB2Rs. The evidence for this was obtained using [3H]CP55940 and [35S]GTPγS binding assays. This finding will be useful for the characterization of allosteric binding site(s) on CB2Rs which will be essential for the further development of CB2R allosteric modulators. Moreover, the new CB2R PAM displayed antinociceptive activity in vivo in an experimental mouse model of neuropathic pain, raising the possibility that it might be a good candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Elena Cappelli
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lesley A Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Aberdeen , AB25 2ZD Aberdeen , Scotland, U.K
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Aberdeen , AB25 2ZD Aberdeen , Scotland, U.K
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33
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Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi PG, Baraldi S, Ruggiero E, De Stefano L, Rizzolio F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Chicca A, Lapillo M, Gertsch J, Manera C, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of 1,5-Diphenylpyrazole-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1340-1354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ruggiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Graduate
School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Division
of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular
Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division
of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular
Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari Università di Venezia, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department
of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department
of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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34
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Zhang X, Thayer SA. Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 prevents HIV-1 gp120-induced synapse loss by altering endocannabinoid signaling. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:269-281. [PMID: 29061509 PMCID: PMC5752128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) hydrolyzes 2-arachidonoylglycerol to arachidonic acid and glycerol. Inhibition of MGL may attenuate neuroinflammation by enhancing endocannabinoid signaling and decreasing prostaglandin (PG) production. Almost half of HIV infected individuals are afflicted with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), a neuroinflammatory disease in which cognitive decline correlates with synapse loss. HIV infected cells shed the envelope protein gp120 which is a potent neurotoxin that induces synapse loss. Here, we tested whether inhibition of MGL, using the selective inhibitor JZL184, would prevent synapse loss induced by gp120. The number of synapses between rat hippocampal neurons in culture was quantified by imaging clusters of a GFP-tagged antibody-like protein that selectively binds to the postsynaptic scaffolding protein, PSD95. JZL184 completely blocked gp120-induced synapse loss. Inhibition of MGL decreased gp120-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and subsequent potentiation of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx. JZL184-mediated protection of synapses was reversed by a selective cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) inverse agonist/antagonist. JZL184 also reduced gp120-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production; PG signaling was required for gp120-induced IL-1β expression and synapse loss. Inhibition of MGL prevented gp120-induced synapse loss by activating CB2R resulting in decreased production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Because PG signaling was required for gp120-induced synapse loss, JZL184-induced decreases in PGE2 levels may also protect synapses. MGL presents a promising target for preventing synapse loss in neuroinflammatory conditions such as HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stanley A Thayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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35
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Granchi C, Caligiuri I, Bertelli E, Poli G, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Development of terphenyl-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives as selective reversible MAGL inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1240-1252. [PMID: 28936880 PMCID: PMC6009861 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1375484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase is a serine hydrolase that plays a major role in the degradation of the endocannabinoid neurotransmitter 2-arachidonoylglycerol. A wide number of MAGL inhibitors are reported in literature; however, many of them are characterised by an irreversible mechanism of action and this behavior determines an unwanted chronic MAGL inactivation, which acquires a functional antagonism of the endocannabinoid system. The possible use of reversible MAGL inhibitors has only recently been explored, due to the lack of known compounds possessing efficient reversible inhibitory activities. In this work, we report a new series of terphenyl-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives characterised by a reversible MAGL-inhibition mechanism. Among them, compound 20b showed to be a potent MAGL reversible inhibitor (IC50 = 348 nM) with a good MAGL/FAAH selectivity. Furthermore, this compound showed antiproliferative activities against two different cancer cell lines that overexpress MAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- b Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Pordenone , Italy
| | | | - Giulio Poli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- c Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems , Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia , Venezia-Mestre , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,d Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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36
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Pantsar T, Singha P, Nevalainen TJ, Koshevoy I, Leppänen J, Poso A, Niskanen JM, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Savinainen JR, Laitinen T, Laitinen JT. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives as autotaxin inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:97-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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37
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Granchi C, Rizzolio F, Palazzolo S, Carmignani S, Macchia M, Saccomanni G, Manera C, Martinelli A, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Structural Optimization of 4-Chlorobenzoylpiperidine Derivatives for the Development of Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10299-10314. [PMID: 27809504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors are considered potential therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions, including several types of cancer. Many MAGL inhibitors are reported in literature; however, most of them showed an irreversible mechanism of action, which caused important side effects. The use of reversible MAGL inhibitors has been only partially investigated so far, mainly because of the lack of compounds with good MAGL reversible inhibition properties. In this study, starting from the (4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (CL6a) lead compound that showed a reversible mechanism of MAGL inhibition (Ki = 8.6 μM), we started its structural optimization and we developed a new potent and selective MAGL inhibitor (17b, Ki = 0.65 μM). Furthermore, modeling studies suggested that the binding interactions of this compound replace a structural water molecule reproducing its H-bonds in the MAGL binding site, thus identifying a new key anchoring point for the development of new MAGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS , 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS , 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy.,Graduate School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saccomanni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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38
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Tuo W, Leleu-Chavain N, Spencer J, Sansook S, Millet R, Chavatte P. Therapeutic Potential of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, Monoacylglycerol Lipase, and N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 60:4-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tuo
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Supojjanee Sansook
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Régis Millet
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995,
LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, F-59000 Lille, France
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39
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Navia-Paldanius D, Patel JZ, López Navarro M, Jakupović H, Goffart S, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Nevalainen TJ, Jääskeläinen T, Laitinen T, Laitinen JT, Savinainen JR. Chemoproteomic, biochemical and pharmacological approaches in the discovery of inhibitors targeting human α/β-hydrolase domain containing 11 (ABHD11). Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:253-63. [PMID: 27544863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
ABHD11 (α/β-hydrolase domain containing 11) is a non-annotated enzyme belonging to the family of metabolic serine hydrolases (mSHs). Its natural substrates and products are unknown. Using competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) to identify novel inhibitors of human (h)ABHD11, three compounds from our chemical library exhibited low nanomolar potency towards hABHD11. Competitive ABPP of various proteomes revealed fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) as the sole off-target among the mSHs. Our fluorescent activity assays designed for natural lipase substrates revealed no activity of hABHD11 towards mono- or diacylglycerols. A broader profiling using para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked substrates indicated no amidase/protease, phosphatase, sulfatase, phospholipase C or phosphodiesterase activity. Instead, hABHD11 readily utilized para-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPC4), indicating lipase/esterase-type activity that could be exploited in inhibitor discovery. Additionally, a homology model was created based on the crystal structure of bacterial esterase YbfF. In contrast to YbfF, which reportedly hydrolyze long-chain acyl-CoA, hABHD11 did not utilize oleoyl-CoA or arachidonoyl-CoA. In conclusion, the present study reports the discovery of potent hABHD11 inhibitors with good selectivity among mSHs. We developed substrate-based activity assays for hABHD11 that could be further exploited in inhibitor discovery and created the first homology-based hABHD11 model, offering initial insights into the active site of this poorly characterized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Navia-Paldanius
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jayendra Z Patel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miriam López Navarro
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hermina Jakupović
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sanna Pasonen-Seppänen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapio J Nevalainen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Jääskeläinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo T Laitinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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40
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Mario ÉG, de Souza Cordeiro LM, Avelar GF, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Differential modulation of cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue by high-carbohydrate diets. Endocrine 2016; 53:423-32. [PMID: 26874528 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that a high-fructose (FRUC) diet induces metabolic and haemodynamic abnormalities, known as the metabolic syndrome, which are characterised by obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. In this study, the effect of a FRUC diet (60 % fructose) for 8 weeks on the metabolism of lipids in liver and epididymal adipose tissue from Wistar rats was compared with the AIN-93M diet and the effects of the AIN-93M diet were compared with a chow diet. The FRUC diet induced marked increases in both hepatocyte lipid droplet volume and postprandial serum levels of triacylglycerol (TAG), but reduced the postprandial serum levels of insulin. The AIN-93M diet induced marked increases in the hepatocyte lipid droplet volume and the serum levels of insulin, without affecting the serum levels of TAG. We found that isocaloric substitution of cornstarch, dextrinised cornstarch and sucrose (AIN-93M diet) for fructose did not affect the hepatic VLDL-TAG secretion and adipose tissue glucose uptake, lipolysis and cytosolic lipases activities in rats. However, the high-fructose diet induced a severe steatosis in liver accompanied by a decrease in cytosolic lipases activities. In adipose tissue, the FRUC diet induced a decrease in the lipoprotein lipase activity, and an increase in lipogenesis. FRUC and AIN-93M diets induced changes in lipid homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue by distinct biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Campos Lima Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érica Guilhen Mario
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia Maria de Souza Cordeiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gleide Fernandes Avelar
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leida Maria Botion
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, 35501-296, Brazil.
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41
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Hit to lead optimization of a series of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl]acetamides as monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors with potential anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:318-330. [PMID: 27267002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A total of thirty five new N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl]acetamide derivatives were synthesized and structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and collective use of IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL) enzyme. Eight compounds 4, 19-21, 24-26, and 34 reduced the hMAGL activity less than 50% at 100 nM concentrations. The halogen substituted aniline derivatives 20, 21 and 24-26 were found to be most active among all the synthesized compounds having IC50 value in the range of 6.5-9 nM. Twenty five compounds were selected by NCI, USA for one dose anticancer screening. Compound 21 (NSC: 780167) and 24 (NSC: 780168) fulfilled prearranged doorstep growth inhibition criteria and further selected for NCI full panel five dose assay at 10-fold dilutions of five different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM). Both the compounds 21 and 24 were found to be most active against MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines. The GI50 value of 32.5 nM (MCF7) and 23.8 nM (MDA-MB-468) was observed for compound 21. Compound 24 showed GI50 values of 37.1 nM against MCF7 breast cancer cell line and 25.1 nM against MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line.
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42
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Sarma BK, Liu X, Kodadek T. Identification of selective covalent inhibitors of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B2 from the screening of an oxadiazolone-capped peptoid-azapeptoid hybrid library. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3953-3963. [PMID: 27160052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A potent and selective inhibitor of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase 1B2 (PAFAH1B2) is described. The compound was derived by improvement of a modest affinity primary hit isolated from the screening of a bead-displayed peptoid-azapeptoid hybrid library tethered to an oxadiazolone 'warhead'. The oxadiazolone moiety of the inhibitors was found to react covalently with the active site serine residue of PAFAH1B2. This screening strategy may be useful for the identification of many selective, covalent inhibitors of serine hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kanta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh-201314, India
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Departments of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #3A2, Jupiter, Fl 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way, #3A2, Jupiter, Fl 33458, USA
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43
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Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related mediators: Targets, metabolism and role in neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:107-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Iglesias J, Lamontagne J, Erb H, Gezzar S, Zhao S, Joly E, Truong VL, Skorey K, Crane S, Madiraju SRM, Prentki M. Simplified assays of lipolysis enzymes for drug discovery and specificity assessment of known inhibitors. J Lipid Res 2015; 57:131-41. [PMID: 26423520 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d058438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are used as cellular building blocks and condensed energy stores and also act as signaling molecules. The glycerolipid/ fatty acid cycle, encompassing lipolysis and lipogenesis, generates many lipid signals. Reliable procedures are not available for measuring activities of several lipolytic enzymes for the purposes of drug screening, and this resulted in questionable selectivity of various known lipase inhibitors. We now describe simple assays for lipolytic enzymes, including adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), sn-1-diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), monoacylglycerol lipase, α/β-hydrolase domain 6, and carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) using recombinant human and mouse enzymes either in cell extracts or using purified enzymes. We observed that many of the reported inhibitors lack specificity. Thus, Cay10499 (HSL inhibitor) and RHC20867 (DAGL inhibitor) also inhibit other lipases. Marked differences in the inhibitor sensitivities of human ATGL and HSL compared with the corresponding mouse enzymes was noticed. Thus, ATGListatin inhibited mouse ATGL but not human ATGL, and the HSL inhibitors WWL11 and Compound 13f were effective against mouse enzyme but much less potent against human enzyme. Many of these lipase inhibitors also inhibited human CES1. Results describe reliable assays for measuring lipase activities that are amenable for drug screening and also caution about the specificity of the many earlier described lipase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Iglesias
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Julien Lamontagne
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Heidi Erb
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Sari Gezzar
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Erik Joly
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | | | | | - Sheldon Crane
- NuChem Therapeutics, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4P 2R2
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Marc Prentki
- Molecular Nutrition Unit and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9 Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry, and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
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45
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Lauria S, Casati S, Ciuffreda P. Synthesis and characterization of a new fluorogenic substrate for monoacylglycerol lipase and application to inhibition studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8163-7. [PMID: 26329281 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a soluble serine hydrolase that belongs to the α/β hydrolase fold superfamily, regulates 2-arachidonoyl glycerol level in the endocannabinoid system, which is implicated in a number of severe diseases, and therefore, inhibition of MAGL activity is crucial in the treatment of these diseases. We have synthesized a red fluorogenic substrate, 7-hydroxyresorufinyl-arachidonate (7-HRA), for a new MAGL assay. This assay is simple, sensitive, and reliable and useful for identifying compounds that modulate MAGL activity. In addition, the assay emits red fluorescence, which can significantly reduce interference due to compound fluorescence and dust or lint, all of which fluoresce in the blue wavelength. MAGL catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7-HRA to generate arachidonic acid and a highly red fluorescent resorufin, excitation at 571 nm and emission at 588 nm, with a Km of 0.87 μM and Vmax of 26 nmol min(-1) mg protein(-1). The known MAGL inhibitors URB602, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, and JZL184 were used to validate the test assay. The assay was highly reproducible with an overall average Z' value of 0.80. This new red fluorogenic substrate and the resulting enzyme assay could be used in high-throughput screening to identify and develop new potential MAGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. B. Grassi 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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46
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Patel JZ, van Bruchem J, Laitinen T, Kaczor AA, Navia-Paldanius D, Parkkari T, Savinainen JR, Laitinen JT, Nevalainen TJ. Revisiting 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ones: Utilization in the Development of ABHD6 Inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6335-45. [PMID: 26344596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes our systematic approach to exploring the utility of the 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one scaffold in the development of ABHD6 inhibitors. Compound 3-(3-aminobenzyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one (JZP-169, 52) was identified as a potent inhibitor of hABHD6, with an IC₅₀ value of 216 nM. This compound at 10 μM concentration did not inhibit any other endocannabinoid hydrolases, such as FAAH, MAGL and ABHD12, or bind to the cannabinoid receptors (CB₁ and CB₂). Moreover, in competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), compound 52 (JZP-169) at 10 μM selectively targeted ABHD6 of the serine hydrolases of mouse brain membrane proteome. Reversibility studies indicated that compound 52 inhibited hABHD6 in an irreversible manner. Finally, homology modelling and molecular docking studies were used to gain insights into the binding of compound 52 to the active site of hABHD6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayendra Z Patel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - John van Bruchem
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dina Navia-Paldanius
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teija Parkkari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo T Laitinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tapio J Nevalainen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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47
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Sarma BK, Liu X, Wu H, Gao Y, Kodadek T. Solid phase synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5 (6R)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one scaffolds from acyl hydrazides. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:59-63. [PMID: 25354697 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01883d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid phase synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6R)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one scaffolds from resin-bound acyl hydrazides is described. We demonstrate here that the reactions of resin-bound aryl or hetero-aromatic acyl hydrazides with 2-substituted-2-bromoacetic acids and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate and subsequent treatment with DIEA lead to intramolecular cyclization reactions to produce six-membered 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6R)-ones and five-membered 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ones, respectively. We also show that acyl hydrazide-derived 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ones may be useful serine hydrolase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Kanta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Uttar Pradesh-201314, India
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48
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Del Carlo S, Manera C, Chicca A, Arena C, Bertini S, Burgalassi S, Tampucci S, Gertsch J, Macchia M, Saccomanni G. Development of an HPLC/UV assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of human recombinant monoacylglycerol lipase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 108:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Poli G, Giuntini N, Martinelli A, Tuccinardi T. Application of a FLAP-Consensus Docking Mixed Strategy for the Identification of New Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:667-75. [DOI: 10.1021/ci5006806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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50
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Granchi C, Rizzolio F, Bordoni V, Caligiuri I, Manera C, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Martinelli A, Giordano A, Tuccinardi T. 4-Aryliden-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one as a new scaffold for selective reversible MAGL inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:137-46. [PMID: 25669350 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1010530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a preliminary structure-activity relationship exploration of 4-aryliden-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one-based compounds as MAGL/FAAH inhibitors. Our results highlight that this scaffold may serve for the development of selective MAGL inhibitors. A 69-fold selectivity against MAGL over FAAH was achieved for compound 16b (MAGL and FAAH IC(50) = 1.6 and 111 µM, respectively). Furthermore, the best compound behaved as a reversible ligand and showed promising antiproliferative activity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Vittorio Bordoni
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
| | | | - Antonio Giordano
- b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and.,b Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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