1
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Kennett A, Epple S, van der Valk G, Georgiou I, Gout E, Vivès RR, Russell AJ. Modified minimal-size fragments of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatase-2 (Sulf-2). Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:436-439. [PMID: 38086706 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sulf-2 has been identified as a putative target for anticancer therapies. Here we report the design and synthesis of sulfated disaccharide inhibitors based on IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S). Trisulfated disaccharide inhibitor IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6Sulfamate) demonstrated potent Sulf-2 inhibition. The IC50 value was determined to be 39.8 μM ± 18.3, which is comparable to a tetrasaccharide inhibitor of HSulf-1 reported in the literature. We propose that the disaccharide IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) is the shortest fragment size required for effective inhibition of the Sulfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Sven Epple
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | - Irene Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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2
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Hadji H, Bouchemal K. Advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Focus on polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114101. [PMID: 34999122 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) explains the several hurdles for finding an efficient approach to cure it. Nowadays, therapeutic protocols aim to reduce inflammation during the hot phase or maintain remission during the cold phase. Nonetheless, these drugs suffer from severe side effects or poor efficacy due to low bioavailability in the inflamed region of the intestinal tract. New protocols based on antibodies that target proinflammatory cytokines are clinically relevant. However, besides being expensive, their use is associated with a primary nonresponse or a loss of response following a long administration period. Accordingly, many researchers exploited the physiological changes of the mucosal barrier for designing nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to target inflamed tissues. Others exploited biocompatibility and relative affordability of polysaccharides to test their intrinsic anti-inflammatory and healing properties in IBD models. This critical review updates state of the art on advances in IBD treatment. Data on using polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for IBD treatment are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicheme Hadji
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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3
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Chiu LT, Sabbavarapu NM, Lin WC, Fan CY, Wu CC, Cheng TJR, Wong CH, Hung SC. Trisaccharide Sulfate and Its Sulfonamide as an Effective Substrate and Inhibitor of Human Endo- O-sulfatase-1. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5282-5292. [PMID: 32083852 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human endo-O-sulfatases (Sulf-1 and Sulf-2) are extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)-specific 6-O-endosulfatases, which regulate a multitude of cell-signaling events through heparan sulfate (HS)-protein interactions and are associated with the onset of osteoarthritis. These endo-O-sulfatases are transported onto the cell surface to liberate the 6-sulfate groups from the internal d-glucosamine residues in the highly sulfated subdomains of HSPGs. In this study, a variety of HS oligosaccharides with different chain lengths and N- and O-sulfation patterns via chemical synthesis were systematically studied about the substrate specificity of human Sulf-1 employing the fluorogenic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4-MUS) in a competition assay. The trisaccharide sulfate IdoA2S-GlcNS6S-IdoA2S was found to be the minimal-size substrate for Sulf-1, and substitution of the sulfate group at the 6-O position of the d-glucosamine unit with the sulfonamide motif effectively inhibited the Sulf-1 activity with IC50 = 0.53 μM, Ki = 0.36 μM, and KD = 12 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Chiu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yuan Fan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road BCC 338, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Section 2, University Road, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
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5
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Gonzalez-Jaramillo V, Portilla-Fernandez E, Glisic M, Voortman T, Bramer W, Chowdhury R, Roks AJM, Jan Danser AH, Muka T, Nano J, Franco OH. The role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in blood pressure: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:703-715. [PMID: 31346255 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms might play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and renal failure. We aimed to systematically review studies investigating the association between epigenetic marks (global, candidate-gene or genome-wide methylation of DNA, and histone modifications) and blood pressure or hypertension. Five bibliographic databases were searched until the 7th of December 2018. Of 2984 identified references, 26 articles based on 25 unique studies met our inclusion criteria, which involved a total of 28,382 participants. The five studies that assessed global DNA methylation generally found lower methylation levels with higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and/or presence of hypertension. Eighteen candidate-gene studies reported, in total, 16 differentially methylated genes, including renin-angiotensin-system-related genes (ACE promoter and AGTR1) and genes involved in sodium homeostasis and extracellular fluid volume maintenance system (NET promoter, SCNN1A, and ADD1). Between the three identified epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), lower methylation levels of SULF1, EHMT2, and SKOR2 were found in hypertensive patients as compared with normotensive subjects, and lower methylation levels of PHGDH, SLC7A11, and TSPAN2 were associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In summary, the most convincing evidence has been reported from candidate-gene studies, which show reproducible epigenetic changes in the interconnected renin-angiotensin and inflammatory systems. Our study highlights gaps in the literature on the role of histone modifications in blood pressure and the need to conduct high-quality studies, in particular, hypothesis-generating studies that may help to elucidate new molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gonzalez-Jaramillo
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands. .,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marija Glisic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wichor Bramer
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Nano
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Ortiz-Tena JG, Rühmann B, Sieber V. Colorimetric Determination of Sulfate via an Enzyme Cascade for High-Throughput Detection of Sulfatase Activity. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2526-2533. [PMID: 29307190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) methods have become decisive for the discovery and development of new biocatalysts and their application in numerous fields. Sulfatases, a broad class of biocatalysts that hydrolyze sulfate esters, are involved in diverse relevant cellular functions (e.g., signaling and hormonal regulation) and are therefore gaining importance, particularly in the medical field. Additionally, various technical applications have been recently devised. One of the major challenges in the field of enzyme development is the sensitive and high-throughput detection of the actual product of the biocatalyst of interest without the need for chromophore analogues. Addressing this issue, a colorimetric assay for sulfatases was developed and validated for detecting sulfate through a two-step enzymatic cascade, with a linear detection range of 3.3 (limit of detection) up to 250 μM. The procedure is compatible with relevant compounds employed in sulfatase reactions, including cosolvents, cations, and buffers. The assay was optimized and performed as part of a 96-well screening workflow that included bacterial growth, heterologous sulfatase expression, cell lysis, sulfate ester hydrolysis, inactivation of cell lysate, and colorimetric sulfate determination. With this procedure, the activity of an aryl and an alkyl sulfatase could be confirmed and validated. Overall, this assay provides a simple and fast alternative for screening and engineering sulfatases from DNA libraries (e.g., using metagenomics) with medical or synthetic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose G Ortiz-Tena
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technische Universität München , 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Broder Rühmann
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technische Universität München , 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Chair of Chemistry of Biogenic Resources, Technische Universität München , 94315 Straubing, Germany.,Fraunhofer IGB , Straubing Branch BioCat, 94315 Straubing, Germany.,TUM Catalysis Research Center , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,The University of Queensland , School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, 68 Copper Road, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
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7
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Alhasan SF, Haugk B, Ogle LF, Beale GS, Long A, Burt AD, Tiniakos D, Televantou D, Coxon F, Newell DR, Charnley R, Reeves HL. Sulfatase-2: a prognostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic target in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:797-804. [PMID: 27560551 PMCID: PMC5046211 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the UK. Its poor prognosis is attributed to late detection and limited therapeutic options. Expression of SULF2, an endosulfatase that modulates heparan sulfate proteoglycan 6-O-sulfation and is reportedly tumourigenic in different types of cancer, was investigated. METHODS SULF2 expression was determined immunohistochemically in archival surgical resection tissue sections from 93 patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of PDAC between 2002 and 2008 followed for a median of 9 years. Relationships with clinico-pathological parameters and patient survival were explored. RESULTS The majority of PDACs showed positive SULF2 staining in tumour cells and intratumoural or tumour-adjacent stroma. Greater than 25% SULF2-positive tumour cells was present in 60% of cancers and correlated with tumour stage (P=0.002) and perineural invasion (P=0.024). SULF2 intensity was scored moderate or strong in 81% of cancers and positively correlated with vascular invasion (P=0.015). High SULF2 expression, defined as >50% SULF2-positive tumour cells and strong SULF2 staining, was associated with shorter time to radiological progression (P=0.018, HR 1.98, CI 1.13-3.47). Similarly, by multivariate analysis, high SULF2 expression was independently associated with poorer survival (P=0.004, HR 2.10, CI 1.26-3.54), with a median survival of 11 months vs 21 months for lower PDAC SULF2. CONCLUSIONS Elevated SULF2 in PDAC was associated with advanced tumour stage, vascular invasion, shorter interval to radiological progression and shorter overall survival. SULF2 may have roles as a prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target for patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari F Alhasan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Beate Haugk
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Laura F Ogle
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gary S Beale
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Anna Long
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Alastair D Burt
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
- School of Medicine, Eleanor Harrald Building, Frome Road, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5000 South Australia, Australia
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Fareeda Coxon
- Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary team, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - David R Newell
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard Charnley
- Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary team, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Hepatopancreatobiliary multidisciplinary team, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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8
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Reuillon T, Alhasan SF, Beale GS, Bertoli A, Brennan A, Cano C, Reeves HL, Newell DR, Golding BT, Miller DC, Griffin RJ. Design and synthesis of biphenyl and biphenyl ether inhibitors of sulfatases. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2821-2826. [PMID: 28660059 PMCID: PMC5477036 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03612g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of sulfatase-2 are putative anticancer agents, but the discovery of potent small molecules targeting this enzyme has proved challenging. Based on molecular modelling, two series of sulfatase-2 inhibitors have been developed with biphenyl and biphenyl ether scaffolds judiciously substituted with sulfamate, carboxylate and other polar groups (e.g. amino). Inhibition of aryl sulfatase A and B was also determined. The biphenyl ether derivatives were less selective for sulfatase-2 over aryl sulfatase B than the biphenyl series. All biphenyl ether derivatives inhibited aryl sulfatase A, whereas only amino derivatives inhibited aryl sulfatase B significantly. In the biphenyl series few derivatives exhibited activity against aryl sulfatase B. The trichloroethylsulfamate group was identified as a new pharmacophore enabling potent inhibition of all of the sulfatases studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Reuillon
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Sari F Alhasan
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Gary S Beale
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Annalisa Bertoli
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Alfie Brennan
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Celine Cano
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - David R Newell
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Bernard T Golding
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Duncan C Miller
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
| | - Roger J Griffin
- Newcastle Cancer Centre , Northern Institute for Cancer Research , School of Chemistry , Newcastle University , Bedson Building , Newcastle Upon Tyne , NE1 7RU , UK . ; ; ; Tel: +44 (0)191 2226647
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9
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Miller DC, Carbain B, Beale GS, Alhasan SF, Reeves HL, Baisch U, Newell DR, Golding BT, Griffin RJ. Regioselective sulfamoylation at low temperature enables concise syntheses of putative small molecule inhibitors of sulfatases. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5279-84. [PMID: 25858034 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective sulfamoylation of primary hydroxyl groups enabled a 5-step synthesis (overall yield 17%) of the first reported small molecule inhibitor of sulfatase-1 and 2, ((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-((sulfamoyloxy)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)sulfamic acid, which obviated the use of hydroxyl protecting groups and is a marked improvement on the reported 9-step synthesis (overall yield 9%) employing hazardous trifluoromethylsulfonyl azide. The sulfamoylation methodology was used to prepare a range of derivatives of 1, and inhibition data was generated for Sulf-2, ARSA and ARSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Miller
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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10
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Solari V, Borriello L, Turcatel G, Shimada H, Sposto R, Fernandez GE, Asgharzadeh S, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, DeClerck YA. MYCN-dependent expression of sulfatase-2 regulates neuroblastoma cell survival. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5999-6009. [PMID: 25164011 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) play a critical role in the interaction of tumor cells and their microenvironment. HSPG activity is dictated by sulfation patterns controlled by sulfotransferases, which add sulfate groups, and sulfatases (Sulf), which remove 6-O-sulfates. Here, we report altered expression of these enzymes in human neuroblastoma cells with higher levels of Sulf-2 expression, a specific feature of MYCN-amplified cells (MYCN-A cells) that represent a particularly aggressive subclass. Sulf-2 overexpression in neuroblastoma cells lacking MYCN amplification (MYCN-NA cells) increased their in vitro survival. Mechanistic investigations revealed evidence of a link between Sulf-2 expression and MYCN pathogenicity in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of Sulf-2 protein expression in 65 human neuroblastoma tumors demonstrated a higher level of Sulf-2 expression in MYCN-A tumors than in MYCN-NA tumors. In two different patient cohorts, we confirmed the association in expression patterns of Sulf-2 and MYCN and determined that Sulf-2 overexpression predicted poor outcomes in a nonindependent manner with MYCN. Our findings define Sulf-2 as a novel positive regulator of neuroblastoma pathogenicity that contributes to MYCN oncogenicity. Cancer Res; 74(21); 5999-6009. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Solari
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lucia Borriello
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gianluca Turcatel
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Richard Sposto
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - G Esteban Fernandez
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shahab Asgharzadeh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Yves A DeClerck
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, California. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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11
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Vivès RR, Seffouh A, Lortat-Jacob H. Post-Synthetic Regulation of HS Structure: The Yin and Yang of the Sulfs in Cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 3:331. [PMID: 24459635 PMCID: PMC3890690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a complex polysaccharide that takes part in most major cellular processes, through its ability to bind and modulate a very large array of proteins. These interactions involve saccharide domains of specific sulfation pattern (S-domains), the assembly of which is tightly orchestrated by a highly regulated biosynthesis machinery. Another level of structural control does also take place at the cell surface, where degrading enzymes further modify HS post-synthetically. Amongst them are the Sulfs, a family of extracellular sulfatases (two isoforms in human) that catalyze the specific 6-O-desulfation of HS. By targeting HS functional sulfated domains, Sulfs dramatically alter its ligand binding properties, thereby modulating a broad range of signaling pathways. Consequently, Sulfs play major roles during development, as well as in tissue homeostasis and repair. Sulfs have also been associated with many pathologies including cancer, but despite increasing interest, the role of Sulfs in tumor development still remains unclear. Studies have been hindered by a poor understanding of the Sulf enzymatic activities and conflicting data have shown either anti-oncogenic or tumor-promoting effects of these enzymes, depending on the tumor models analyzed. These opposite effects clearly illustrate the fine tuning of HS functions by the Sulfs, and the need to clarify the mechanisms involved. In this review, we will detail the present knowledge on the structural and functional properties of the Sulfs, with a special focus on their implication during tumor progression. Finally, we will discuss attempts and perspectives of using the Sulfs as a biomarker of cancer prognosis and diagnostic and as a target for anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain R Vivès
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CEA, DSV, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France
| | - Amal Seffouh
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CEA, DSV, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France ; CEA, DSV, Institut de Biologie Structurale , Grenoble , France
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Cooperation of binding sites at the hydrophilic domain of cell-surface sulfatase Sulf1 allows for dynamic interaction of the enzyme with its substrate heparan sulfate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5287-98. [PMID: 23891937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulf1 is a cell-surface sulfatase removing internal 6-O-sulfate groups from heparan sulfate (HS) chains. Thereby it modulates the activity of HS-dependent growth factors. For HS interaction Sulf1 employs a unique hydrophilic domain (HD). METHODS Affinity-chromatography, AFM-single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) and immunofluorescence on living cells were used to analyze specificity, kinetics and structural basis of this interaction. RESULTS Full-length Sulf1 interacts broadly with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) showing, however, higher affinity toward HS and heparin than toward chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate. Strong interaction depends on the presence of Sulf1-substrate groups, as Sulf1 bound significantly weaker to HS after enzymatic 6-O-desulfation by Sulf1 pretreatment, hence suggesting autoregulation of Sulf1/substrate association. In contrast, HD alone exhibited outstanding specificity toward HS and did not interact with chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate or 6-O-desulfated HS. Dynamic SMFS revealed an off-rate of 0.04/s, i.e., ~500-fold higher than determined by surface plasmon resonance. SMFS allowed resolving the dynamics of single dissociation events in each force-distance curve. HD subdomain constructs revealed heparin interaction sites in the inner and C-terminal regions of HD. CONCLUSIONS Specific substrate binding of Sulf1 is mediated by HD and involves at least two separate HS-binding sites. Surface plasmon resonance KD-values reflect a high avidity resulting from multivalent HD/heparin interaction. While this ensures stable cell-surface HS association, the dynamic cooperation of binding sites at HD and also the catalytic domain enables processive action of Sulf1 along or across HS chains. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HD confers a novel and highly dynamic mode of protein interaction with HS.
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Sulfatase-activated fluorophores for rapid discrimination of mycobacterial species and strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12911-6. [PMID: 23878250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222041110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Most current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis do not reveal the species or strain of pathogen causing pulmonary infection, which can lead to inappropriate treatment regimens and the spread of disease. Here, we report an assay for mycobacterial strain assignment based on genetically conserved mycobacterial sulfatases. We developed a sulfatase-activated probe, 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one)-sulfate, that detects enzyme activity in native protein gels, allowing the rapid detection of sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. This assay revealed that mycobacterial strains have distinct sulfatase fingerprints that can be used to judge both the species and lineage. Our results demonstrate the potential of enzyme-activated probes for rapid pathogen discrimination for infectious diseases.
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Zheng X, Gai X, Han S, Moser CD, Hu C, Shire AM, Floyd RA, Roberts LR. The human sulfatase 2 inhibitor 2,4-disulfonylphenyl-tert-butylnitrone (OKN-007) has an antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma mediated via suppression of TGFB1/SMAD2 and Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 52:225-36. [PMID: 23109092 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sulfatase 2 (SULF2) functions as an oncoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by promoting tumor growth and metastasis via enhancement of fibroblast growth factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and WNT/β-catenin signaling. Recent results implicate that SULF2 activates the transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) and Hedgehog/GLI1 pathways in HCC. OKN-007 is a novel phenyl-sulfonyl compound that inhibits the enzymatic activity of SULF2. To investigate the antitumor effect of OKN-007 in HCC, we treated Huh7 cells, which express high levels of SULF2, with OKN-007 and found that it significantly promoted tumor cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, viability, and migration. To understand the action of OKN-007 on SULF2, we used Huh7 cells which normally express SULF2 and Hep3B cells that do not normally express SULF2. Utilizing Huh7 cells transfected with short hairpin RNA targeting SULF2 and transfection of Hep3B cells with a SULF2 plasmid to enhance SULF2 expression, we showed that the antitumor activity of OKN-007 was more pronounced in cells expressing SULF2. Furthermore, in vivo experiments verified that OKN-007 repressed tumor growth significantly. These results identify SULF2 as an important target of the antitumor effect of OKN-007. To determine the molecular mechanism of the antitumor effect of OKN-007, both TGFB1/SMAD and Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway activity were measured by Western blot and SMAD- or GLI-reporter luciferase assays. We found that both signaling pathways were inhibited by OKN-007. Together, these results show that OKN-007 can suppress TGFB1/SMAD and Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling via its inhibition of SULF2 enzymatic activity. We conclude that OKN-007 or more potent derivatives may be promising agents for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Muthana SM, Campbell CT, Gildersleeve JC. Modifications of glycans: biological significance and therapeutic opportunities. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:31-43. [PMID: 22195988 DOI: 10.1021/cb2004466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a central role in a wide range of biological processes. As with nucleic acids and proteins, modifications of specific sites within the glycan chain can modulate a carbohydrate's overall biological function. For example, acylation, methylation, sulfation, epimerization, and phosphorylation can occur at various positions within a carbohydrate to modulate bioactivity. Therefore, there is significant interest in identifying discrete carbohydrate modifications and understanding their biological effects. Additionally, enzymes that catalyze those modifications and proteins that bind modified glycans provide numerous targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will focus on modifications of glycans that occur after the oligomer/polymer has been assembled, generally referred to as post-glycosylational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam M. Muthana
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Christopher T. Campbell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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