1
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Arumugam A, Senadi GC. Visible-light photocatalyzed C-N bond activation of tertiary amines: a three-component approach to synthesize quinazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1245-1253. [PMID: 38248577 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A metal-free three-component approach has been developed to prepare 2,4-disubstituted quinazolines from o-acylanilines, trialkylamines and ammonium chloride under visible-light using eosin Y as the photocatalyst. The notable features of this work include (i) the use of tertiary amines as an alkyl synthon and triethanolamine as a C2-OH synthon; (ii) good functional group tolerance with 52%-98% yields; (iii) proof of concept with o-amino benzaldehyde as a substrate to deliver 2-methyl quinazoline 3pa; and (iv) gram-scale synthesis of compounds 3ga, 3ja and 3ma. A reductive quenching mechanism was proposed based on the control studies and redox potential values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajithkumar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gopal Chandru Senadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Tamatam R, Kim SH, Shin D. Transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolines: A review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1140562. [PMID: 37007059 PMCID: PMC10060649 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1140562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinazolines are a class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with broad-spectrum of pharmacological activities. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions have emerged as reliable and indispensable tools for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. These reactions provide new entries into pharmaceutical ingredients of continuously increasing complexity, and catalysis with these metals has streamlined the synthesis of several marketed drugs. The last few decades have witnessed a tremendous outburst of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions for the construction of quinazoline scaffolds. In this review, the progress achieved in the synthesis of quinazolines under transition metal-catalyzed conditions are summarized and reports from 2010 to date are covered. This is presented along with the mechanistic insights of each representative methodology. The advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of synthesis of quinazolines through such reactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Tamatam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Seok-Ho Kim, ; Dongyun Shin,
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Seok-Ho Kim, ; Dongyun Shin,
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3
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Mild synthesis of quinazolines from 2,2,2-trichloroethyl imidates and 2–aminophenyl ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Sundarraman B, Rengan R, Semeril D. NNO Pincer Ligand-Supported Palladium(II) Complexes: Direct Synthesis of Quinazolines via Acceptorless Double Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Sundarraman
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, 620 024 Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Ramesh Rengan
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, 620 024 Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - David Semeril
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Catalyse, Institut de Chimie, Universite de Strasbourg, UMR 7177, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Xiao X, Lu X, Zhang M, Hou H, Wan C, Liu J. Synthesis of Dihydrochromeno[2,3- b]indoles via an Fe(OTf) 3-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16795-16805. [PMID: 34763424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A tandem cyclization between 2-(2-aminophenyl)acetonitriles and 2-(hydroxy(aryl)methyl)phenols for the preparation of dihydrochromeno[2,3-b]indole derivatives was successfully developed. The transformation proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic environmentally benign iron salt, and various multisubstituted dihydrochromeno[2,3-b]indoles were synthesized in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaobiao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Haoqing Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Changfeng Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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6
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Anandaraj P, Ramesh R, Kumaradhas P. Palladium( ii) N, N, O-pincer type complex-mediated dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to quinazolines. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03146e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A diverse range of quinazolines were synthesized in moderate to high yields using 0.5 mol% Pd(ii) catalyst loading under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennamuthiriyan Anandaraj
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli–620 024, India
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli–620 024, India
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7
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Chen X, Li L, Wan C, Liu JB. FeCl3-catalyzed sequential cyclization for the construction of 12-aryl 5,7-dihydropyrido[2,3-b:6,5-b']diindoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Xu Y, Chen X, Gao Y, Yan Z, Wan C, Liu JB, Wang Z. Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl- and Ester Group-Substituted α-Carbolines via Iron-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4354-4364. [PMID: 32090568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach to prepare trifluoromethyl-α-carbolines and ester group-substituted α-carbolines via the tandem cyclization reaction of 2-(2-aminophenyl)acetonitriles and trifluoromethyl 1,3-diones or β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters was reported. The transformation proceeded smoothly in the presence of catalytic environmental-benign iron salts, which are used to prepare the desired products in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiqin Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Zicong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changfeng Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Chan CK, Lai CY, Wang CC. TMSOTf-catalyzed synthesis of substituted quinazolines using hexamethyldisilazane as a nitrogen source under neat and microwave irradiation conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7201-7212. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route for the synthesis of substituted quinazolines under neat, metal-free and microwave irradiation conditions has been developed by using TMSOTf as an acid catalyst and HMDS as a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Yu Lai
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
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10
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Yang Z, Chen S, Yang F, Zhang C, Dou Y, Zhou Q, Yan Y, Tang L. PPh3
/Selectfluor-Mediated Transformation of Carboxylic Acids into Acid Anhydrides and Acyl Fluorides and Its Application in Amide and Ester Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Siwei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - You Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
| | - Yizhe Yan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; 450000 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; 464000 Xinyang P. R. China
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11
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Tang L, Yang Z, Jiao J, Cui Y, Zou G, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Rao W, Ma X. Chemoselective Mono- and Difluorination of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10449-10458. [PMID: 31335142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By altering the amount of Selectfluor, the highly selective mono- and difluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been achieved, affording a variety of 2-fluoro- and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields. The reaction can be readily performed in aqueous media without any catalyst and base, which features practical and convenient fluorination. Importantly, a gram-scale reaction, transformation of 2-fluoro-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione to 4-fluoro-1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazole, and chlorination and bromination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are realized to further exhibit its synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the Sourth of Henan , Xinyang 464000 , P. R. China
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12
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13
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Tang L, Yang Z, Chang X, Jiao J, Ma X, Rao W, Zhou Q, Zheng L. K 2S 2O 8-Mediated Selective Trifluoromethylacylation and Trifluoromethylarylation of Alkenes under Transition-Metal-Free Conditions: Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Studies. Org Lett 2018; 20:6520-6525. [PMID: 30289263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient method for selective intramolecular radical trifluoromethylacylation and -arylation of alkenes with inexpensive CF3SO2Na and K2S2O8 in aqueous media has been developed, respectively, affording the highly chemoselective synthesis of CF3-functionalized chroman-4-ones and chromanes in satisfactory yields. Control experiments and DFT calculations indicate that the CF3SO2Na/K2S2O8 system is capable of trifluoromethylating the substrate of alkenes without a transition metal catalyst and the oxidation of CF3SO2Na to ·CF3 by K2S2O8 is involved in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the Sourth of Henan , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Xueping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Jingchao Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Xiantao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Weihao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xinyang Normal University , Xinyang , Henan 464000 , China
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14
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Liu X, Astruc D. Development of the Applications of Palladium on Charcoal in Organic Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials; China Three Gorges University, Yichang; Hubei 443002 People's Republic of China
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS 5255; Université de Bordeaux; 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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15
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Tang L, Yang Z, Sun T, Zhang D, Ma X, Rao W, Zhou Y. Unexpected Decarboxylation-Triggered o
-Hydroxyl-Controlled Redox Condensation of Phenylglycines with 2-Nitrophenols in Aqueous Media. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the Sourth of Henan; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiantao Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang Henan 464000 People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhu J, Shao Y, Hu K, Qi L, Cheng T, Chen J. Pd-Catalyzed tandem reaction of N-(2-cyanoaryl)benzamides with arylboronic acids: synthesis of quinazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8596-8603. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed tandem reaction of N-(2-cyanoaryl)benzamides with arylboronic acids for the synthesis of quinazolines has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghe Zhu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Linjun Qi
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Tianxing Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Jiuxi Chen
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
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17
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Tang L, Wen L, Sun T, Zhang D, Yang Z, Feng C, Wang Z. Solvent-Controlled Copper-Catalyzed Radical Decarboxylative Coupling for Alkenyl C(sp2
)−P Bond Formation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Lixian Wen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Tian Sun
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of Utilization of Non-metallic Mineral in the South of Henan; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinyang Normal University; Xinyang 464000 P. R. China
| | - Chengtao Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
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18
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Yu C, Guo X, Xi Z, Muzzio M, Yin Z, Shen B, Li J, Seto CT, Sun S. AgPd Nanoparticles Deposited on WO 2.72 Nanorods as an Efficient Catalyst for One-Pot Conversion of Nitrophenol/Nitroacetophenone into Benzoxazole/Quinazoline. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5712-5715. [PMID: 28402632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a seed-mediated growth of 2.3 nm AgPd nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of 40 × 5 nm WO2.72 nanorods (NRs) for the synthesis of AgPd/WO2.72 composites. The strong interactions between AgPd NPs and WO2.72 NRs make the composites, especially the Ag48Pd52/WO2.72, catalytically active for dehydrogenation of formic acid (TOF = 1718 h-1 and Ea = 31 kJ/mol) and one-pot reactions of formic acid, 2-nitrophenol, and aldehydes into benzoxazoles in near quantitative yields under mild conditions. The catalysis can also be extended to the one-pot reactions of ammonium formate, 2-nitroacetophenone, and aldehyde for high yield syntheses of quinazolines. Our studies demonstrate a new catalyst design to achieve a green chemistry approach to one-pot reactions for the syntheses of benzoxazoles and quinazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Zheng Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Michelle Muzzio
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Zhouyang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Junrui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Christopher T Seto
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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