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Stein F, Kohsakowski S, Martinez-Hincapie R, Reichenberger S, Rehbock C, Colic V, Guay D, Barcikowski S. Disproportional surface segregation in ligand-free gold-silver alloy solid solution nanoparticles, and its implication for catalysis and biomedicine. Faraday Discuss 2023; 242:301-325. [PMID: 36222171 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00092j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activity and toxicity of mixed-metal nanoparticles have been shown to correlate and are known to be dependent on surface composition. The surface chemistry of the fully inorganic, ligand-free silver-gold alloy nanoparticle molar fraction series, is highly interesting for applications in heterogeneous catalysis, which is determined by active surface sites which are also relevant for understanding their dissolution behavior in biomedically-relevant ion-release scenarios. However, such information has never been systematically obtained for colloidal nanoparticles without organic surface ligands and has to date, not been analyzed in a surface-normalized manner to exclude density effects. For this, we used detailed electrochemical measurements based on cyclic voltammetry to systematically analyze the redox chemistry of particle-surface-normalized gold-silver alloy nanoparticles with varying gold molar fractions. The study addressed a broad range of gold molar fractions (Ag90Au10, Ag80Au20, Ag70Au30, Ag50Au50, Ag40Au60, and Ag20Au80) as well as monometallic Ag and Au nanoparticle controls. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) measurements in O2 saturated 0.1 M KOH revealed a linear reduction of the overpotential with increasing gold content on the surface, probably attributed to the higher ORR activity of gold over silver, verified by monometallic Ag and Au controls. These findings were complemented by detailed XPS studies revealing an accumulation of the minor constituent of the alloy on the surface, e.g., silver surface enrichment in gold-rich particles. Furthermore, highly oxidized Ag surface site enrichment was detected after the ORR reaction, most pronounced in gold-rich alloys. Further, detailed CV studies at acidic pH, analyzing the position, onset potential, and peak integrals of silver oxidation and silver reduction peaks revealed particularly low reactivity and high chemical stability of the equimolar Au50Ag50 composition, a phenomenon attributed to the outstanding thermodynamic, entropically driven, stabilization arising at this composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Stein
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Rehbock
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Viktor Colic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Daniel Guay
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
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2
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Parambath JBM, Ahmady IM, Panicker S, Sin A, Han C, Mohamed AA. Correlation notice on the electrochemical dealloying and antibacterial properties of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles. Biometals 2022; 35:1307-1323. [PMID: 36149568 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galvanic replacement reaction was used in the synthesis of bimetallic gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs), where pre-synthesized Ag nanoparticles-polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNPs-PVP) were used to reduce the aryldiazonium tetrachloroaurate(III) salt in water. TEM images and EDS elemental analysis showed the formation of spherical Au-Ag NPs with sizes of 12.8 ± 4.9 nm and 25.6 ± 14.4 nm for corresponding Au-Ag ratios and termed as Au0.91Ag0.09 and Au0.79Ag0.21, respectively, with different concentrations of the gold precursor. The hydrodynamic sizes measured using dynamic light scattering are 46.4 nm and 74.8 nm with corresponding zeta potentials of - 44.56 and - 25.09 mV in water, for Au0.91Ag0.09 and Au0.79Ag0.21 respectively. Oxidative leachability of Ag ion studies from the starting AgNPs-PVP in 1 M NaCl showed a significant decrease in the plasmon peak after 8 h, indicating the complete dissolution of Ag ions, however, there is enhanced oxidation resistivity of Ag from Au-Ag NPs even after 24 h. Electrochemical studies on glassy carbon electrodes displayed a low oxidation peak in aqueous solutions of 20 mM KCl at 0.16 V and KNO3 at 0.33 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE). We studied the antibacterial activity of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and gram-negative Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our findings demonstrated superior antibacterial activity of Au-Ag NPs compared with AgNPs-PVP. Moreover, the nanoparticles inhibited the S. epidermidis biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad B M Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Islam M Ahmady
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seema Panicker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aebin Sin
- Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, INHA University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Changseok Han
- Program in Environmental & Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, INHA University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Engineering, INHA University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Agudelo W, Montoya Y, Garcia-Garcia A, Restrepo-Osorio A, Bustamante J. Electrochemical and Electroconductive Behavior of Silk Fibroin Electrospun Membrane Coated with Gold or Silver Nanoparticles. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1154. [PMID: 36422146 PMCID: PMC9695740 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of materials obtained from natural polymers, such as silk fibroin with metal nanoparticles that exhibit intrinsic electrical characteristics, allows the obtaining of biocomposite materials capable of favoring the propagation and conduction of electrical impulses, acting as communicating structures in electrically isolated areas. On that basis, this investigation determined the electrochemical and electroconductive behavior through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of a silk fibroin electrospun membrane from silk fibrous waste functionalized with gold or silver nanoparticles synthetized by green chemical reduction methodologies. Based on the results obtained, we found that silk fibroin from silk fibrous waste (SFw) favored the formation of gold (AuNPs-SFw) and silver (AgNPs-SFw) nanoparticles, acting as a reducing agent and surfactant, forming a micellar structure around the individual nanoparticle. Moreover, different electrospinning conditions influenced the morphological properties of the fibers, in the presence or absence of beads and the amount of sample collected. Furthermore, treated SFw electrospun membranes, functionalized with AuNPs-SFw or AgNPS-SFw, allowed the conduction of electrical stimuli, acting as stimulators and modulators of electric current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Agudelo
- Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Línea Ingeniería de Tejidos y Protésica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Yuliet Montoya
- Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Línea Ingeniería de Tejidos y Protésica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia
- Comité de Trabajo de Bioingeniería Cardiovascular, Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Garcia-Garcia
- Grupo de Síntesis y Modificación de Nanoestructuras y Materiales Bidimensionales, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados S.C., Parque PIIT, Km 10, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto, Apodaca 66628, Mexico
| | - Adriana Restrepo-Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación sobre Nuevos Materiales, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - John Bustamante
- Grupo de Dinámica Cardiovascular, Línea Ingeniería de Tejidos y Protésica Cardiovascular, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia
- Comité de Trabajo de Bioingeniería Cardiovascular, Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
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Tufa LT, Tran VT, Jeong KJ, Gicha BB, Gonfa BA, Lee J. Electrochemical Investigation of Porosity in Core-Shell Magnetoplasmonic Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6085-6092. [PMID: 35759217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising material for broad ranges of applications in catalysts, material chemistry, biology, and optical sensors. Using a typical Ag core-Fe3O4 shell NP, a.k.a., magnetoplasmonic (MagPlas) NP, two porous shell models were prepared: i.e., Ag@Fe3O4 NPs and its SiO2-covered NPs (Ag@Fe3O4@SiO2). We suggested using cyclic voltammetry (CV) to provide unprecedented insight into the porosity of the core-shell NPs caused by the applied potential, resulting in the selective redox activities of the core and porous shell components of Ag@Fe3O4 NPs and Ag@Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs at different cycles of CV. The porous and nonporous core-shell nanostructures were qualitatively and quantitatively determined by the electrochemical method. The ratio of the oxidation current peak (μA) of Ag to Ag+ in the porous shell to that in the SiO2 coated (nonporous) shell was 400:3.2. The suggested approach and theoretical background could be extended to other types of multicomponent NP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemma Teshome Tufa
- Research Institute of Materials Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Van Tan Tran
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ki-Jae Jeong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Birhanu Bayissa Gicha
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Science Program, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Abdisa Gonfa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Goyal G, Ammanath G, Palaniappan A, Liedberg B. Stoichiometric Tuning of PNA Probes to Au 0.8Ag 0.2 Alloy Nanoparticles for Visual Detection of Nucleic Acids in Plasma. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2476-2485. [PMID: 32700531 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Standard detection methods for nucleic acids, an important class of diagnostic biomarkers, are often laborious and cumbersome. In need for development of facile methodologies, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) assays have been widely explored for both spectroscopic and visual detection of nucleic acids. Our sensing approach is based on monitoring changes in the LSPR band due to interaction between peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence/absence of target nucleic acid. We have investigated the importance of tuning the stoichiometry of PNA to NPs to enable "naked-eye" detection of nucleic acids at clinically relevant concentration ranges. Assaying in plasma is achieved by incorporation of silver in gold NPs (AuNPs) via an alloying process. The synthesized gold/silver alloy NPs reduce nonspecific adsorption of proteinaceous interferents in plasma. Furthermore, the gold/silver alloy NPs absorb in the most sensitive cyan to green transition zone (∼500 nm) yielding highly competitive visual limits of detection (LODs). The visual LOD (calculated objectively using the ΔE algorithm) for a model microRNA (mir21) using a productive combination of stoichiometric tuning of the PNA to NP ratio and compositional tuning of the NPs in buffer and plasma extract equals 200 pM (∼250 times lower than existing reports) and 3 nM, respectively. We envision that the proposed LSPR assay based on Au0.8Ag0.2NPs offers an avenue for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of nucleic acids in complex matrixes in combination with efficient target extraction kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Goyal
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Gopal Ammanath
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Bo Liedberg
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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Dolinska J, Holdynski M, Ambroziak R, Modrzejewska-Sikorska A, Milczarek G, Pisarek M, Opallo M. The medium effect on electrodissolution of adsorbed or suspended Ag nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Single-step green route synthesis of Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using clove buds extract: Enhancement in antioxidant bio-efficacy and catalytic activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111153. [PMID: 32806256 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In present work, we demonstrate a single step environmentally benign approach to synthesize Au/Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) using aqueous extract of Clove buds for the first time. Clove bud's (CB) extract has proficiency to act as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of Au/Ag BMNPs. In presence of extract, AuIII and AgI are reduced competitively within same solution and produce Au/Ag alloy NPs. The kinetics besides the formation of NPs was studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and efficiency of the extract was monitored by varying contact time, temperature, pH and extract concentration. The electron microscopic studies revealed the presence of NPs with peculiar morphology at alkaline pH. Further, the existence of Au and Ag atoms was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that Eugenol in the extract is mainly responsible for the production of NPs which are also surrounded by various phytochemicals. Zeta potential of all the NPs is found to be negative which prevents their agglomeration due to inter-repulsion and the biosynthesized Au/Ag BMNPs revealed greater catalytic efficiency for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP). Significant enhancement induced by BMNPs compared to individual monometallic nanoparticles (MMNPs) was assigned to the synergistic effect of MMNPs and coating of phytochemicals present in the CB extract.
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8
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Cyclic Voltammetry Characterization of Au, Pd, and AuPd Nanoparticles Supported on Different Carbon Nanofibers. SURFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces2010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three types of carbon nanofibers (pyrolytically stripped carbon nanofibers (PS), low-temperature heat treated carbon nanofibers (LHT), and high-temperature heat treated carbon nanofibers (HHT)) with different graphitization degrees and surface chemistry have been used as support for Au, Pd, or bimetallic AuPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The carbon supports have been characterized using Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Moreover, the morphology of the metal nanoparticles was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and CV. The different properties of the carbon-based supports (particularly the graphitization degree) yield different electrochemical behaviors, in terms of potential window widths and electrocatalytic effects. Comparing the electrochemical behavior of monometallic Au and Pd and bimetallic AuPd, it is possible to observe the interaction of the two metals when alloyed. Moreover, we demonstrate that carbon surface has a strong effect on the electrochemical stability of AuPd nanoparticles. By tuning the Au-Pd nanoparticles’ morphology and modulating the surface chemistry of the carbon support, it is possible to obtain materials characterized by novel electrochemical properties. This aspect makes them good candidates to be conveniently applied in different fields.
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9
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Grasmik V, Rurainsky C, Loza K, Evers MV, Prymak O, Heggen M, Tschulik K, Epple M. Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver-Gold Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Grasmik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christian Rurainsky
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry and Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), ZEMOS 1.45; Ruhr-University Bochum; 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Mathies V. Evers
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry and Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), ZEMOS 1.45; Ruhr-University Bochum; 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre and Peter Grünberg Institute; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Micro- & Nano-Electrochemistry and Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), ZEMOS 1.45; Ruhr-University Bochum; 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE); University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstr. 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
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10
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Feng J, Chen D, Sediq AS, Romeijn S, Tichelaar FD, Jiskoot W, Yang J, Koper MTM. Cathodic Corrosion of a Bulk Wire to Nonaggregated Functional Nanocrystals and Nanoalloys. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9532-9540. [PMID: 29446912 PMCID: PMC5865079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key enabling step in leveraging the properties of nanoparticles (NPs) is to explore new, simple, controllable, and scalable nanotechnologies for their syntheses. Among "wet" methods, cathodic corrosion has been used to synthesize catalytic aggregates with some control over their size and preferential faceting. Here, we report on a modification of the cathodic corrosion method for producing a range of nonaggregated nanocrystals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu, Rh, Ir, and Ni) and nanoalloys (Pt50Au50, Pd50Au50, and Ag xAu100- x) with potential for scaling up the production rate. The method employs poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a stabilizer in an electrolyte solution containing nonreducible cations (Na+, Ca2+), and cathodic corrosion of the corresponding wires takes place in the electrolyte under ultrasonication. The ultrasonication not only promotes particle-PVP interactions (enhancing NP dispersion and diluting locally high NP concentration) but also increases the production rate by a factor of ca. 5. Further increase in the production rate can be achieved through parallelization of electrodes to construct comb electrodes. With respect to applications, carbon-supported Pt NPs prepared by the new method exhibit catalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation comparable or better than the commercial benchmark catalyst. A variety of Ag xAu100- x nanoalloys are characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The protocol for NP synthesis by cathodic corrosion should be a step toward its further use in academic research as well as in its practical upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Feng
- Catalysis
and Surface Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of BioTherapeutics,
Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Ahmad S. Sediq
- Catalysis
and Surface Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of BioTherapeutics,
Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Catalysis
and Surface Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of BioTherapeutics,
Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frans D. Tichelaar
- Kavli
Institute of NanoScience, Delft University
of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Catalysis
and Surface Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of BioTherapeutics,
Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process
Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Catalysis
and Surface Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry and Division of BioTherapeutics,
Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sokolov SV, Eloul S, Kätelhön E, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Electrode-particle impacts: a users guide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:28-43. [PMID: 27918031 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07788a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive guide to nano-impact experiments, in which we introduce newcomers to this rapidly-developing field of research. Central questions are answered regarding required experimental set-ups, categories of materials that can be detected, and the theoretical frameworks enabling the analysis of experimental data. Commonly-encountered issues are considered and presented alongside methods for their solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Shaltiel Eloul
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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