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Expeditious Asymmetric Synthesis of Polypropionates Relying on Sulfur Dioxide-Induced C–C Bond Forming Reactions. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, the organic chemistry of sulfur dioxide (SO2) consisted of sulfinates that react with carbon electrophiles to generate sulfones. With alkenes and other unsaturated compounds, SO2 generates polymeric materials such as polysulfones. More recently, H-ene, sila-ene and hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of SO2 have been realized under conditions that avoid polymer formation. Sultines resulting from the hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of conjugated dienes and SO2 are formed more rapidly than the corresponding more stable sulfolenes resulting from the cheletropic additions. In the presence of a protic or Lewis acid catalyst, the sultines derived from 1-alkoxydienes are ionized into zwitterionic intermediates bearing 1-alkoxyallylic cation moieties which react with electro-rich alkenes such as enol silyl ethers and allylsilanes with high stereoselectivity. (C–C-bond formation through Umpolung induced by SO2). This produces silyl sulfinates that react with carbon electrophiles to give sulfones (one-pot four component asymmetric synthesis of sulfones), or with Cl2, generating the corresponding sulfonamides that can be reacted in situ with primary and secondary amines (one-pot four component asymmetric synthesis of sulfonamides). Alternatively, Pd-catalyzed desulfinylation generates enantiomerically pure polypropionate stereotriads in one-pot operations. The chirons so obtained are flanked by an ethyl ketone moiety on one side and by a prop-1-en-1-yl carboxylate group on the other. They are ready for two-directional chain elongations, realizing expeditious synthesis of long-chain polypropionates and polyketides. The stereotriads have also been converted into simpler polypropionates such as the cyclohexanone moiety of baconipyrone A and B, Kishi’s stereoheptad unit of rifamycin S, Nicolaou’s C1–C11-fragment and Koert’s C16–CI fragment of apoptolidin A. This has also permitted the first total synthesis of (-)-dolabriferol.
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2
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Romeo JR, McDermott L, Bennett CS. Reagent-Controlled α-Selective Dehydrative Glycosylation of 2,6-Dideoxy Sugars: Construction of the Arugomycin Tetrasaccharide. Org Lett 2020; 22:3649-3654. [PMID: 32281384 PMCID: PMC7239334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the tetrasaccharide fragment of the anthracycline natural product Arugomycin is described. A reagent controlled dehydrative glycosylation method involving cyclopropenium activation was utilized to synthesize the α-linkages with complete anomeric selectivity. The synthesis was completed in 20 total steps, and in 2.5% overall yield with a longest linear sequence of 15 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Romeo
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Luca McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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3
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The use of fluorescently-tagged apoptolidins in cellular uptake and response studies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2016; 69:327-30. [PMID: 26956792 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The apoptolidins are glycomacrolide microbial metabolites reported to be selectively cytotoxic against tumor cells. Using fluorescently tagged active derivatives we demonstrate selective uptake of these four tagged glycomacrolides in cancer cells over healthy human blood cells. We also demonstrate the utility of these five fluorescently tagged glycomacrolides in fluorescent flow cytometry to monitor cellular uptake of the six glycomacrolides and cellular response.
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4
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Xing S, Gleason JL. A robust synthesis of N-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide via azidonitration/reduction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1515-20. [PMID: 25476476 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel synthetic route leading to N-glycolyl muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a bacterial glycopeptide of particular interest in studies of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), is described. The synthetic strategy hinges on the alkylation of benzylidene-protected glucal with 2-bromopropionic acid and thus circumvents a challenging and non-reproducible SN2 step at the C-3 position of glucosamine derivatives. The subsequent sequence includes an azidonitration and an unusual azide reduction/acylation step via an aza ylide/oxaphospholidine intermediate. This approach generates a protected N-glycolyl MDP that can be either subjected to a one-step global deprotection or differentially deprotected to obtain further derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Xing
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0B8.
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5
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Wagschal S, Guilbaud J, Rabet P, Farina V, Lemaire S. α-C-Glycosides via syn Opening of 1,2-Anhydro Sugars with Organozinc Compounds in Toluene/n-Dibutyl Ether. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wagschal
- Pharmaceutical Development
and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johan Guilbaud
- Pharmaceutical Development
and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pauline Rabet
- Pharmaceutical Development
and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Pharmaceutical Development
and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Lemaire
- Pharmaceutical Development
and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Bols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Serrill JD, Tan M, Fotso S, Sikorska J, Kasanah N, Hau AM, McPhail KL, Santosa DA, Zabriskie TM, Mahmud T, Viollet B, Proteau PJ, Ishmael JE. Apoptolidins A and C activate AMPK in metabolically sensitive cell types and are mechanistically distinct from oligomycin A. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:251-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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DeGuire SM, Earl DC, Du Y, Crews BA, Jacobs AT, Ustione A, Daniel C, Chong KM, Marnett LJ, Piston DW, Bachmann BO, Sulikowski GA. Fluorescent Probes of the Apoptolidins and their Utility in Cellular Localization Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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DeGuire SM, Earl DC, Du Y, Crews BA, Jacobs AT, Ustione A, Daniel C, Chong KM, Marnett LJ, Piston DW, Bachmann BO, Sulikowski GA. Fluorescent probes of the apoptolidins and their utility in cellular localization studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:961-4. [PMID: 25430909 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Apoptolidin A has been described among the top 0.1% most-cell-selective cytotoxic agents to be evaluated in the NCI 60 cell line panel. The molecular structure of apoptolidin A consists of a 20-membered macrolide with mono- and disaccharide moieties. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycone (apoptolidinone) shows no cytotoxicity (>10 μM) when evaluated against several tumor cell lines. Apoptolidin H, the C27 deglycosylated analogue of apoptolidin A, displayed sub-micromolar activity against H292 lung carcinoma cells. Selective esterification of apoptolidins A and H with 5-azidopentanoic acid afforded azido-functionalized derivatives of potency equal to that of the parent macrolide. They also underwent strain-promoted alkyne-azido cycloaddition reactions to provide access to fluorescent and biotin-functionalized probes. Microscopy studies demonstrate apoptolidins A and H localize in the mitochondria of H292 human lung carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M DeGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN 37232 (USA)
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10
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Frihed TG, Pedersen CM, Bols M. Synthesis of All Eight Stereoisomeric 6-Deoxy-L-hexopyranosyl Donors - Trends in Using Stereoselective Reductions or Mitsunobu Epimerizations. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Lei H, Yan J, Yu J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Xu Z, Ye T. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Reassignment of Mandelalide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Lei
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Jialei Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
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12
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Lei H, Yan J, Yu J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Xu Z, Ye T. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Reassignment of Mandelalide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6533-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Lei
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Jialei Yan
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Jie Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
| | - Zhengshuang Xu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 (China)
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
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13
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Majumdar KC, Sinha B. Coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au) in the synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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14
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Parenty A, Moreau X, Niel G, Campagne JM. Update 1 of: Macrolactonizations in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR1-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300129n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Parenty
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - X. Moreau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Niel
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
| | - J.-M. Campagne
- Institut de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR5253, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8 rue de l’Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
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15
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Dénès F, Schiesser CH, Renaud P. Thiols, thioethers, and related compounds as sources of C-centred radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7900-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ, Hung SC. Synthesis of l-hexoses and their related biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3275-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CRH, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA. Constructing molecular complexity and diversity: total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5185-238. [PMID: 22743704 PMCID: PMC3426871 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of organic synthesis and the understanding of the molecule as they occurred in the nineteenth century and were refined in the twentieth century constitute two of the most profound scientific developments of all time. These discoveries set in motion a revolution that shaped the landscape of the molecular sciences and changed the world. Organic synthesis played a major role in this revolution through its ability to construct the molecules of the living world and others like them whose primary element is carbon. Although the early beginnings of organic synthesis came about serendipitously, organic chemists quickly recognized its potential and moved decisively to advance and exploit it in myriad ways for the benefit of mankind. Indeed, from the early days of the synthesis of urea and the construction of the first carbon-carbon bond, the art of organic synthesis improved to impressively high levels of sophistication. Through its practice, today chemists can synthesize organic molecules--natural and designed--of all types of structural motifs and for all intents and purposes. The endeavor of constructing natural products--the organic molecules of nature--is justly called both a creative art and an exact science. Often called simply total synthesis, the replication of nature's molecules in the laboratory reflects and symbolizes the state of the art of synthesis in general. In the last few decades a surge in total synthesis endeavors around the world led to a remarkable collection of achievements that covers a wide ranging landscape of molecular complexity and diversity. In this article, we present highlights of some of our contributions in the field of total synthesis of natural products of biological and medicinal importance. For perspective, we also provide a listing of selected examples of additional natural products synthesized in other laboratories around the world over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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18
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Du Y, Derewacz DK, Deguire SM, Teske J, Ravel J, Sulikowski GA, Bachmann BO. Biosynthesis of the Apoptolidins in Nocardiopsis sp. FU 40. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:6568-6575. [PMID: 21869849 PMCID: PMC3159176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The apoptolidins are 20/21-membered macrolides produced by Nocardiopsis sp. FU40. Several members of this family are potent and remarkably selective inducers of apoptosis in cancer cell lines, likely via a distinct mitochondria associated target. To investigate the biosynthesis of this natural product, the complete genome of the apoptolidin producer Nocardiopsis sp. FU40 was sequenced and a 116 Kb region was identified containing a putative apoptolidin biosynthetic gene cluster. The apoptolidin gene cluster comprises a type I polyketide synthase, with 13 homologating modules, apparently initiated in an unprecedented fashion via transfer from a methoxymalonyl-acyl carrier protein loading module. Spanning approximately 39 open reading frames, the gene cluster was cloned into a series of overlapping cosmids and functionally validated by targeted gene disruption experiments in the producing organism. Disruption of putative PKS and P(450) genes delineated the roles of these genes in apoptolidin biosynthesis and chemical complementation studies demonstrated intact biosynthesis peripheral to the disrupted genes. This work provides insight into details of the biosynthesis of this biologically significant natural product and provides a basis for future mutasynthetic methods for the generation of non-natural apopotolidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 77842-3012, U.S.A
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La Ferla B, Airoldi C, Zona C, Orsato A, Cardona F, Merlo S, Sironi E, D'Orazio G, Nicotra F. Natural glycoconjugates with antitumor activity. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:630-48. [PMID: 21120227 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00055h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. As a consequence, many different therapeutic approaches, including the use of glycosides as anticancer agents, have been developed. Various glycosylated natural products exhibit high activity against a variety of microbes and human tumors. In this review we classify glycosides according to the nature of their aglycone (non-saccharidic) part. Among them, we describe anthracyclines, aureolic acids, enediyne antibiotics, macrolide and glycopeptides presenting different strengths and mechanisms of action against human cancers. In some cases, the glycosidic residue is crucial for their activity, such as in anthracycline, aureolic acid and enediyne antibiotics; in other cases, Nature has exploited glycosylation to improve solubility or pharmacokinetic properties, as in the glycopeptides. In this review we focus our attention on natural glycoconjugates with anticancer properties. The structure of several of the carbohydrate moieties found in these conjugates and their role are described. The structure–activity relationship of some of these compounds, together with the structural features of their interaction with the biological targets, are also reported. Taken together, all this information is useful for the design of new potential anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, I-20126, Milano, Italy.
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Vargo TR, Hale JS, Nelson SG. Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Equivalents in the Enantioselective Synthesis of the Apoptolidin C Aglycone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Vargo TR, Hale JS, Nelson SG. Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Equivalents in the Enantioselective Synthesis of the Apoptolidin C Aglycone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:8678-81. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Bachmann BO, McNees R, Melancon BJ, Ghidu VP, Clark R, Crews BC, Deguire SM, Marnett LJ, Sulikowski GA. Light-induced isomerization of apoptolidin a leads to inversion of C2-C3 double bond geometry. Org Lett 2010; 12:2944-7. [PMID: 20515014 DOI: 10.1021/ol1009398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The isolation, characterization, and cytotoxicity against H292 cells of apoptolidin G are reported. Apoptolidin G is shown to be derived by a light-induced isomerization of the C2-C3 carbon-carbon double bond of apoptolidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 77842-3012, USA.
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Wender PA, Longcore KE. Apoptolidins E and F, new glycosylated macrolactones isolated from Nocardiopsis sp. Org Lett 2010; 11:5474-7. [PMID: 19943700 DOI: 10.1021/ol902308v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new glycosylated macrolactones, apoptolidins E (5) and F (6), were isolated from fermentation of the actinomycete Nocardiopsis sp. and their structures assigned. Lacking the C16 and C20 oxygens of apoptolidin A (1), these macrolides are also the first members of this family to display a 4-O-methyl-l-rhamnose at C9 rather than a 6-deoxy-4-O-methyl-l-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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24
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Lewis CA, Longcore KE, Miller SJ, Wender PA. An approach to the site-selective diversification of apoptolidin A with peptide-based catalysts. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1864-1869. [PMID: 19769383 PMCID: PMC2857549 DOI: 10.1021/np9004932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of peptide-based catalysts to the site-selective modification of apoptolidin A (1), an agent that displays remarkable selectivity for inducing apoptosis in E1A-transformed cell lines. Key to the approach was the development of an assay suitable for the screening of dozens of catalysts in parallel reactions that could be conducted using only microgram quantities of the starting material. Employing this assay, catalysts (e.g., 11 and ent-11) were identified that afforded unique product distributions, distinct from the product mixtures produced when a simple catalyst (N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (10)) was employed. Preparative reactions were then carried out with the preferred catalysts so that unique, homogeneous apoptolidin analogues could be isolated and characterized. From these studies, three new apoptolidin analogues were obtained (12-14), each differing from the other in either the location of acyl group substituents or the number of acetate groups appended to the natural product scaffold. Biological evaluation of the new apoptolidin analogues was then conducted using growth inhibition assays based on the H292 human lung carcinoma cell line. The new analogues exhibited activities comparable to apoptolidin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Kate E. Longcore
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5080
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25
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Recent advances in the synthesis of 2-deoxy-glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1911-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ghidu VP, Ntai I, Wang J, Jacobs AT, Marnett LJ, Bachmann BO, Sulikowski GA. Combined chemical and biosynthetic route to access a new apoptolidin congener. Org Lett 2009; 11:3032-4. [PMID: 19552384 DOI: 10.1021/ol901045v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of a synthetic aglycone using precursor-directed biosynthesis is facilitated by a chemical ketosynthase "knockdown" of the apoptolidin producer Nocardiopsis sp. This synthetic approach facilitated the preparation of an unnatural disaccharide derivative of apoptolidin D that substantially restores cytotoxicity against H292 cells and deconvolutes the role of the decorating sugars in apoptolidin bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Ghidu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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27
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Hou D, Lowary TL. 2,3-Anhydrosugars in glycoside bond synthesis. Application to 2,6-dideoxypyranosides. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2278-89. [PMID: 19249832 DOI: 10.1021/jo900131a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the first use of 2,3-anhydrosugars as glycosylating agents for the preparation of 2-deoxypyranosides. In particular, the methodology was used to assemble 2,6-dideoxysugar glycosides. Glycosylation of a panel of alcohols with one of two 6-deoxy-2,3-anhydrosugar thioglycosides (8 and 9) in the presence of a Lewis acid afforded 2,6-dideoxy-2-thiotolyl glycoside products in generally excellent yields with an exclusively syn relationship between the aglycon and the C-3 hydroxyl group. Removal of the 2-thiotolyl group can be achieved upon reaction with tri-n-butyltin hydride and AIBN to give the corresponding 2,6-dideoxy pyranosides. Once developed, the method was applied to the synthesis of oligosaccharide moieties in the natural products apoptolidin and olivomycin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjie Hou
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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28
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Abstract
A highly convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of the potent antitumor agent apoptolidin A has been completed. The key transformations include highly selective glycosylations to attach the C27 disaccharide and the C9 6'-deoxy-l-glucose, a cross-metathesis to incorporate the C1-C10 trienoate unit, and a Yamaguchi macrolactonization to complete the macrocycle. Twelve stereocenters in the polypropionate segments and sugar units were established through diastereoselective chlorotitanium enolate aldol reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
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29
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Evano G, Blanchard N, Toumi M. Copper-mediated coupling reactions and their applications in natural products and designed biomolecules synthesis. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3054-131. [PMID: 18698737 DOI: 10.1021/cr8002505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1690] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwilherm Evano
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France.
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30
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Ghidu VP, Wang J, Wu B, Liu Q, Jacobs A, Marnett LJ, Sulikowski GA. Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxicity of apoptolidinones A and D. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4949-55. [PMID: 18543990 PMCID: PMC2572754 DOI: 10.1021/jo800545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptolidins A-D are microbial secondary metabolites shown to be selectively cytotoxic against several cancer cell lines and noncytotoxic against normal cells. Total syntheses of apoptolidinones A and D are reported. The efficient synthetic strategy leading to the apoptolidinones features construction of the common 20-membered macrolactone by an intramolecular Suzuki reaction and stereocontrolled aldol reactions establishing the C19/C20 and C22/C23 stereocenters. In contrast to apoptolidin A, the aglycones apoptolidinone A and D were shown to be noncytotoxic when evaluated against human lung cancer cells (H292).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Ghidu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1822, USA
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31
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Beaver MG, Billings SB, Woerpel KA. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2‐Phenylthio‐Substituted Carbohydrate Acetals and Related Systems: Episulfonium Ions vs. Oxocarbenium Ions as Reactive Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Beaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
| | - Susan B. Billings
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697‐2025, USA, Fax: +1‐949‐824‐9920
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32
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Abstract
At low temperature and in the presence of an acid catalyst, SO2 adds to 1,3-dienes equilibrating with the corresponding 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin-2-oxides (sultines). These compounds are unstable above -60 °C and equilibrate with the more stable 2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxides (sulfolenes). The hetero-Diels-Alder additions of SO2 are suprafacial and follow the Alder endo rule. The sultines derived from 1-oxy-substituted and 1,3-dioxy-disubstituted 1,3-dienes cannot be observed at -100 °C but are believed to be formed faster than the corresponding sulfolenes. In the presence of acid catalysts, the 6-oxy-substituted sultines equilibrate with zwitterionic species that react with electron-rich alkenes such as enoxysilanes and allylsilanes, generating β,γ-unsaturated silyl sulfinates that can be desilylated and desulfinylated to generate polypropionate fragments containing up to three contiguous stereogenic centers and an (E)-alkene unit. Alternatively, the silyl sulfinates can be reacted with electrophiles to generate polyfunctional sulfones (one-pot, four-component synthesis of sulfones), or oxidized into sulfonyl chlorides and reacted with amines, then realizing a one-pot, four-component synthesis of polyfunctional sulfonamides. Using enantiomerically enriched dienes such as 1-[(R)- or 1-(S)-phenylethyloxy]-2-methyl-(E,E)-penta-1,3-dien-3-yl isobutyrate, derived from inexpensive (R)- or (S)-1-phenylethanol, enantiomerically enriched stereotriads are obtained in one-pot operations. The latter are ready for further chain elongation. This has permitted the development of expeditious total asymmetric syntheses of important natural products of biological interest such as the baconipyrones, rifamycin S, and apoptolidin A.
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33
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Handa M, Smith WJ, Roush WR. Studies on the synthesis of apoptolidin A. 2. Synthesis of the disaccharide unit. J Org Chem 2007; 73:1036-9. [PMID: 18163646 DOI: 10.1021/jo7022526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Disaccharide 3 correspoinding to the disaccharide unit of apoptolidin A has been synthesized via the regio- and stereoselective TBS-OTf-promoted beta-glycosidation reaction of 2,6-dideoxy-2-iodo-beta-glucopyranosyl acetate (5) and p-methoxybenzyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-iodo-3-C-methyl-alpha-mannopyranoside (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, USA
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34
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Handa M, Scheidt KA, Bossart M, Zheng N, Roush WR. Studies on the Synthesis of Apoptolidin A. 1. Synthesis of the C(1)−C(11) Fragment. J Org Chem 2007; 73:1031-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702250z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Handa
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Martin Bossart
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - William R. Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps-Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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35
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Craita C, Didier C, Vogel P. Short synthesis of the C16-C28 polyketide fragment of apoptolidin A aglycone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:2411-3. [PMID: 17844763 DOI: 10.1039/b701293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from (E,E)-1-[(1R)-(phenylethyl)oxy]-2-methylpenta-1,3-diene and triethylsilyl enol ether of butanone rapid access to Koert's advanced C10-C28 polyketide fragment of apoptolidin A is now possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cotinica Craita
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Schuppan J, Wehlan H, Keiper S, Koert U. Apoptolidinone A: Synthesis of the Apoptolidin A Aglycone. Chemistry 2006; 12:7364-77. [PMID: 16865756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An efficient stereocontrolled synthesis of apoptolidinone A, the aglycone of apoptolidin A is described. The synthetic strategy relies on a cross coupling between C11/C12 of a northern half (C1-C11) and a southern part (C12-C28) followed by a ring-size selective macrolactonization. Key steps for the introduction of the southern half stereocenters are a stereoselective aldol reaction, a substrate controlled dihydroxylation and a chelation-controlled Grignard/aldehyde addition. The conjugated triene of the northern half was built up successively by E-selective Wittig reactions. L-Malic acid was chosen as the chiral pool source for the C8/C9 stereocenters. The final cleavage of the silyl ethers and the conversion of the C21 methyl ketal into the hemiketal was achieved by HF.pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schuppan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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