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Neitz H, Bessi I, Kachler V, Michel M, Höbartner C. Tailored Tolane-Perfluorotolane Assembly as Supramolecular Base Pair Replacement in DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214456. [PMID: 36344446 PMCID: PMC10107946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Arene-fluoroarene interactions offer outstanding possibilities for engineering of supramolecular systems, including nucleic acids. Here, we implement the tolane-perfluorotolane interaction as base pair replacement in DNA. Tolane (THH) and perfluorotolane (TFF) moieties were connected to acyclic backbone units, comprising glycol nucleic acid (GNA) or butyl nucleic acid (BuNA) building blocks, that were incorporated via phosphoramidite chemistry at opposite positions in a DNA duplex. Thermodynamic analyses by UV thermal melting revealed a compelling stabilization by THH/TFF heteropairs only when connected to the BuNA backbone, but not with the shorter GNA linker. Detailed NMR studies confirmed the preference of the BuNA backbone for enhanced polar π-stacking. This work defines how orthogonal supramolecular interactions can be tailored by small constitutional changes in the DNA backbone, and it inspires future studies of arene-fluoroarene-programmed assembly of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Neitz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Irene Bessi
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Valentin Kachler
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Manuela Michel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)University of WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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2
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Röthlisberger P, Levi-Acobas F, Leumann CJ, Hollenstein M. Enzymatic synthesis of biphenyl-DNA oligonucleotides. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115487. [PMID: 32284226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of nucleotides equipped with C-glycosidic aromatic nucleobases into DNA and RNA is an alluring strategy for a number of practical applications including fluorescent labelling of oligonucleotides, expansion of the genetic alphabet for the generation of aptamers and semi-synthetic organisms, or the modulation of excess electron transfer within DNA. However, the generation of C-nucleoside containing oligonucleotides relies mainly on solid-phase synthesis which is quite labor intensive and restricted to short sequences. Here, we explore the possibility of constructing biphenyl-modified DNA sequences using enzymatic synthesis. The presence of multiple biphenyl-units or biphenyl residues modified with electron donors and acceptors permits the incorporation of a single dBphMP nucleotide. Moreover, templates with multiple abasic sites enable the incorporation of up to two dBphMP nucleotides, while TdT-mediated tailing reactions produce single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides with four biphenyl residues appended at the 3'-end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Röthlisberger
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR 3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Department of Genome and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Levi-Acobas
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR 3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Department of Genome and Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Christian J Leumann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR 3523, 28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Department of Genome and Genetics, Paris, France.
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3
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly of a Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)–Triglycyl Derivative. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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4
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Tanpure AA, Srivatsan SG. Synthesis, photophysical properties and incorporation of a highly emissive and environment-sensitive uridine analogue based on the Lucifer chromophore. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1309-16. [PMID: 24861713 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The majority of fluorescent nucleoside analogues used in nucleic acid studies have excitation maxima in the UV region and show very low fluorescence within oligonucleotides (ONs); hence, they cannot be utilised with certain fluorescence methods and for cell-based analysis. Here, we describe the synthesis, photophysical properties and incorporation of a highly emissive and environment-sensitive uridine analogue, derived by attaching a Lucifer chromophore (1,8-naphthalimide core) at the 5-position of uracil. The emissive nucleoside displays excitation and emission maxima in the visible region and exhibits high quantum yield. Importantly, when incorporated into ON duplexes it retains appreciable fluorescence efficiency and is sensitive to the neighbouring base environment. Notably, the nucleoside signals the presence of purine repeats in ON duplexes with an enhancement in fluorescence intensity, a property rarely displayed by other nucleoside analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun A Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 (India)
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5
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Mata G, Luedtke NW. Synthesis and Solvatochromic Fluorescence of Biaryl Pyrimidine Nucleosides. Org Lett 2013; 15:2462-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400930s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan W. Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Biophysical and RNA Interference Inhibitory Properties of Oligonucleotides Carrying Tetrathiafulvalene Groups at Terminal Positions. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/650610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide conjugates carrying a single functionalized tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit linked through a threoninol molecule to the 3′ or 5′ ends were synthesized together with their complementary oligonucleotides carrying a TTF, pyrene, or pentafluorophenyl group. TTF-oligonucleotide conjugates formed duplexes with higher thermal stability than the corresponding unmodified oligonucleotides and pyrene- and pentafluorophenyl-modified oligonucleotides. TTF-modified oligonucleotides are able to bind to citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and produce stable gold AuNPs functionalized with oligonucleotides. Finally, TTF-oligoribonucleotides have been synthesized to produce siRNA duplexes carrying TTF units. The presence of the TTF molecule is compatible with the RNA interference mechanism for gene inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Nah Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, California 94305, United States
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Lucas R, Vengut-Climent E, Gómez-Pinto I, Aviñó A, Eritja R, González C, Morales JC. Apolar carbohydrates as DNA capping agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2991-3. [PMID: 22314313 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and disaccharides have been shown to stack on top of DNA duplexes stabilizing sequences with terminal C-G base pairs. Here we present an apolar version of glucose and cellobiose as new capping agents that stack on DNA increasing considerably its stability with respect to their natural polyhydroxylated mono- and disaccharide DNA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lucas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Lucas R, Gómez-Pinto I, Aviñó A, Reina JJ, Eritja R, González C, Morales JC. Highly polar carbohydrates stack onto DNA duplexes via CH/π interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1909-16. [PMID: 21244028 DOI: 10.1021/ja108962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-nucleic acid contacts are known to be a fundamental part of some drug-DNA recognition processes. Most of these interactions occur through the minor groove of DNA, such as in the calicheamicin or anthracycline families, or through both minor and major groove binders such as in the pluramycins. Here, we demonstrate that carbohydrate-DNA interactions are also possible through sugar capping of a DNA double helix. Highly polar mono- and disaccharides are capable of CH/π stacking onto the terminal DNA base pair of a duplex as shown by NMR spectroscopy. The energetics of the carbohydrate-DNA interactions vary depending on the stereochemistry, polarity, and contact surface of the sugar involved and also on the terminal base pair. These results reveal carbohydrate-DNA base stacking as a potential recognition motif to be used in drug design, supramolecular chemistry, or biobased nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lucas
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Wojciechowski F, Leumann CJ. Alternative DNA base-pairs: from efforts to expand the genetic code to potential material applications. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:5669-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Kashida H, Sekiguchi K, Higashiyama N, Kato T, Asanuma H. Cyclohexyl “base pairs” stabilize duplexes and intensify pyrene fluorescence by shielding it from natural base pairs. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:8313-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Shaikh KI, Madsen CS, Nielsen LJ, Jørgensen AS, Nielsen H, Petersen M, Nielsen P. Synthesis and Molecular Modelling of Double-Functionalised Nucleosides with Aromatic Moieties in the 5′-(S)-Position and Minor Groove Interactions in DNA Zipper Structures. Chemistry 2010; 16:12904-19. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Varghese R, Wagenknecht HA. Non-covalent Versus Covalent Control of Self-Assembly and Chirality of Nile Red-modified Nucleoside and DNA. Chemistry 2010; 16:9040-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Häner R, Garo F, Wenger D, Malinovskii VL. Oligopyrenotides: Abiotic, Polyanionic Oligomers with Nucleic Acid-like Structural Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7466-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102042p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Garo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L. Malinovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Fujii T, Kashida H, Asanuma H. Analysis of coherent heteroclustering of different dyes by use of threoninol nucleotides for comparison with the molecular exciton theory. Chemistry 2010; 15:10092-102. [PMID: 19722239 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To test the molecular exciton theory for heterodimeric chromophores, various heterodimers and clusters, in which two different dyes were stacked alternately, were prepared by hybridizing two oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), each of which tethered a different dye on D-threoninol at the center of the strand. NMR analyses revealed that two different dyes from each strand were stacked antiparallel to each other in the duplex, and were located adjacent to the 5'-side of a natural nucleobase. The spectroscopic behavior of these heterodimers was systematically examined as a function of the difference in the wavelength of the dye absorption maxima (Delta lambda(max)). We found that the absorption spectrum of the heterodimer was significantly different from that of the simple sum of each monomeric dye in the single strand. When azobenzene and Methyl Red, which have lambda(max) at 336 and 480 nm, respectively, in the single strand (Delta lambda(max) = 144 nm), were assembled on ODNs, the band derived from azobenzene exhibited a small hyperchromism, whereas the band from Methyl Red showed hypochromism and both bands shifted to a longer wavelength (bathochromism). These hyper- and hypochromisms were further enhanced in a heterodimer derived from 4'-methylthioazobenzene and Methyl Red, which had a much smaller Delta lambda(max) (82 nm; lambda(max) = 398 and 480 nm in the single-strand, respectively). With a combination of 4'-dimethylamino-2-nitroazobenzene and Methyl Red, which had an even smaller Delta lambda(max) (33 nm), a single sharp absorption band that was apparently different from the sum of the single-stranded spectra was observed. These changes in the intensity of the absorption band could be explained by the molecular exciton theory, which has been mainly applied to the spectral behavior of H- and/or J-aggregates composed of homo dyes. However, the bathochromic band shifts observed at shorter wavelengths did not agree with the hypsochromism predicted by the theory. Thus, these data experimentally verify the molecular exciton theory of heterodimerization. This coherent coupling among the heterodimers could also partly explain the bathochromicity and hypochromicity that were observed when the dyes were intercalated into the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Fujii
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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17
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Hainke S, Seitz O. Binaphthyl-DNA: stacking and fluorescence of a nonplanar aromatic base surrogate in DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:8250-3. [PMID: 19790219 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200903194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hainke
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Ueno Y, Komatsuzaki S, Takasu K, Kawai S, Kitamura Y, Kitade Y. Synthesis and Properties of Oligonucleotides Containing Novel Fluorescent Biaryl Units. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Hainke S, Seitz O. Binaphthyl-DNA: Stapelung und Fluoreszenz eines nichtplanaren aromatischen Basensurrogates in DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200903194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Zendlová L, Reha D, Hocek M, Hobza P. Theoretical study of the stability of the DNA duplexes modified by a series of hydrophobic base analogues. Chemistry 2009; 15:7601-10. [PMID: 19569131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The geometries of a 13 mer of a DNA double helix (5'-GCGTACACATGCG-3') were determined by molecular dynamics simulations using a Cornell et al. empirical force field. The bases in the central base pair (shown in bold) were replaced (one or both) by a series of hydrophobic base analogues (phenyl, biphenyl, phenylnaphathalene, phenylanthracene and phenylphenanthrene). Due to the large fluctuations of the systems, an average geometry could not be determined. The interaction energies of the Model A, which consisted of three central steps of a duplex without a sugar phosphate backbone, taken from molecular dynamics simulations (geometry sampled every 1 ps), were calculated by the self-consistent charge density functional based tight-binding (SCC-DFTB-D) method and were subsequently averaged. The higher the stability of the systems the higher the aromaticity of the base analogues. To estimate the desolvation energy of the duplex, the COSMO continuum solvent model was used and the calculations were provided on a larger model, Model B (the three central steps of the duplex with a sugar phosphate backbone neutralised by H atoms), taken from molecular dynamics simulations (geometry sampled every 200 ps) and subsequently averaged. The selectivity of the base analogue pairs was ascertained (Model B) by including the desolvation energy and the interaction energy of both strands, as determined by the SCC-DFTB-D method. The highest selectivity was found for a phenylphenanthrene. Replacing the nucleic acid bases with a base analogue leads to structural changes of the central pair. Only with the smallest base analogues (phenyl) does the central base pair stay planar. When passing to larger base analogues the central base pair is usually stacked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Zendlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems, Flemingovo nám. 2,166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Bergstrom DE. Unnatural nucleosides with unusual base pairing properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; Chapter 1:1.4.1-1.4.32. [PMID: 19488968 DOI: 10.1002/0471142700.nc0104s37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic modified nucleosides designed to pair in unusual ways with natural nucleobases have many potential applications in biology and biotechnology. This overview lays the foundation for future protocol units on synthesis and application of unnatural bases, with particular emphasis on unnatural base analogs that mimic natural bases in size, shape, and biochemical processing. Topics covered include base pairs with alternative H-bonding schemes, dimensionally expanded base pairs, hydrophobic base pairs, metal-ligated bases, degenerate bases, universal nucleosides, and triplex constituents.
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Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has expanded dramatically in recent years both in terms of potential applications and in its relevance to analogous biological systems. The formation and function of supramolecular complexes occur through a multiplicity of often difficult to differentiate noncovalent forces. The aim of this Review is to describe the crucial interaction mechanisms in context, and thus classify the entire subject. In most cases, organic host-guest complexes have been selected as examples, but biologically relevant problems are also considered. An understanding and quantification of intermolecular interactions is of importance both for the rational planning of new supramolecular systems, including intelligent materials, as well as for developing new biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jörg Schneider
- Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66041 Saarbrücken, Deutschland.
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Varghese R, Wagenknecht HA. DNA as a supramolecular framework for the helical arrangements of chromophores: towards photoactive DNA-based nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2615-24. [PMID: 19532903 DOI: 10.1039/b821728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids have been emerging as supramolecular structural scaffolds for the helical organization of chromophores in the creation of functional nanomaterials mainly because of the their unique structural features and synthetic accessibility. A large number of chromophores have been successfully incorporated into DNA or RNA as C-nucleosides, as base surrogates or as modified sugars using solid phase phosphoramidite chemistry. Moreover, multiple incorporations yield the helical organization of the chromophores inside or outside the DNA or RNA double helix depending upon the conjugation of the chromophores. Significant photophysical interactions are observed in the chromophore stacks resulting in unique optical properties that are significantly different from the monomer properties. In this feature article, multichromophore labelled nucleic acids are reviewed with special emphasis on the self-assembly induced modulation of the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Varghese
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Organic Chemistry, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Grigorenko N, Leumann C. 2-Phenanthrenyl-DNA: Synthesis, Pairing, and Fluorescence Properties. Chemistry 2009; 15:639-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Baumstark D, Wagenknecht HA. Fluorescent Hydrophobic Zippers inside Duplex DNA: Interstrand Stacking of Perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic Acid Bisimides as Artificial DNA Base Dyes. Chemistry 2008; 14:6640-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bárta J, Pohl R, Klepetárová B, Ernsting NP, Hocek M. Modular synthesis of 5-substituted thiophen-2-yl C-2'-deoxyribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3798-806. [PMID: 18416574 DOI: 10.1021/jo800177y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new modular methodology of preparation of 5-substituted thiophene-2-yl C-nucleosides was developed. A Friedel-Crafts-type of C-glycosidation of 2-bromothiophene with toluoyl-protected methylglycoside 2 gave the desired protected 1beta-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dideoxyribofuranose 4a in 60%. The key intermediate 4a was then subjected to a series of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The cross-coupling reactions with alkyl organometallics gave beta-(5-alkylthiophen-2-yl)-2-deoxyribonucleosides 4 and 7 in moderate yields accompanied by side-products of reduction. On the other hand, cross-couplings with arylstannanes proceeded smoothly to give a series of beta-(5-arylthiophen-2-yl)-2-deoxyribonucleosides 4 in good yields. Deprotection of toluoylated nucleosides by NaOMe in MeOH and silylated nucleosides by Et 3N.3HF gave a series of free C-nucleosides 6. Alternatively, other types of 5-arylthiophene C-nucleosides 6 were prepared in one step by the aqueous-phase cross-coupling reactions of unprotected 1beta-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dideoxyribofuranose with boronic acids. Title 5-arylthiophene C-nucleosides 6 exhibit interesting fluorescent properties with emission maxima varying from 339 to 396 nm depending on the aryl group attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bárta
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Johar Z, Zahn A, Leumann CJ, Jaun B. Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing a biphenyl pair. Chemistry 2008; 14:1080-6. [PMID: 18038386 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonding and stacking interactions between nucleobases are considered to be the major noncovalent interactions that stabilize the DNA and RNA double helices. In recent work we found that one or multiple biphenyl pairs, devoid of any potential for hydrogen bond formation, can be introduced into a DNA double helix without loss of duplex stability. We hypothesized that interstrand stacking interactions of the biphenyl residues maintain duplex stability. Here we present an NMR structure of the decamer duplex d(GTGACXGCAG) d(CTGCYGTCAC) that contains one such X/Y biaryl pair. X represents a 3'',5''-dinitrobiphenyl- and Y a 3'',4''-dimethoxybiphenyl C-nucleoside unit. The experimentally determined solution structure shows a B-DNA duplex with a slight kink at the site of modification. The biphenyl groups are intercalated side by side as a pair between the natural base pairs and are stacked head to tail in van der Waals contact with each other. The first phenyl rings of the biphenyl units each show tight intrastrand stacking to their natural base neighbors on the 3'-side, thus strongly favoring one of two possible interstrand intercalation structures. In order to accommodate the biphenyl units in the duplex the helical pitch is widened while the helical twist at the site of modification is reduced. Interestingly, the biphenyl rings are not static in the duplex but are in dynamic motion even at 294 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena Johar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Štefko M, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Hocek M. A Modular Methodology for the Synthesis of 4- and 3-Substituted Benzene and Aniline C-Ribonucleosides. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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