1
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Bauer AK, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Efficient approach to 1,1'-bisindoles via copper(I)-catalyzed double domino reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8003-8019. [PMID: 37767762 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient copper(I)-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of 1,1'-bisindoles that is based on the formation of four bonds in one step has been developed. The unprecedented three component reaction between one molecule of a 1,2-bis(2-bromoaryl)hydrazine and two molecules of a 1,3-diketone employing 10 mol% CuI as a catalyst and Cs2CO3 as a base in DMSO at 100 °C for 24 h delivers substituted 1,1'-bisindoles with yields up to 92%. The new method proceeds as a double domino condensation/Ullmann type C-C coupling. It allows an efficient and practical access to substituted 1,1'-bisindoles in one step from easily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Bauer
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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2
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Regueira JLLF, Silva LF, Pilli RA. Total Synthesis of (+)-Raputindole A: An Iridium-Catalyzed Cyclization Approach. Org Lett 2020; 22:6262-6266. [PMID: 32806179 PMCID: PMC7450706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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This
work describes the total synthesis of raputindole A (1) through a convergent approach that features (1) an iridium-catalyzed
cyclization to assemble the tricyclic core of the northern part, (2)
enzymatic resolution to secure the preparation of an enantiomerically
pure benzylic alcohol intermediate, and (3) the installation of the
isobutenyl side chain via methallylation of the corresponding benzylic
carbocation and coupling of the northern and southern parts via the
Heck reaction. (+)-Raputindole A (1) was prepared in
10 steps (longest linear sequence) in 3.3% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L L F Regueira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Abstract
This review article focuses on the scientific developments concerning the lipase-mediated synthesis of terpenoids that have been reported in the literature during the last twenty years. More specifically, this review describes in depth the resolution approaches that allow the preparation of the chiral building blocks used for the stereoselective synthesis of bioactive terpenoids. The synthetic methods that have given new and innovative perspectives from a scientific standpoint, and the preparative approaches that possess industrial importance, are described thoroughly.
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4
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Lambson KE, Dacko CA, McNeill JM, Akhmedov NG, Söderberg BCG. Synthesis of the tricyclic indole alkaloids, dilemmaones A and B. Tetrahedron 2019; 75. [PMID: 32863445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dilemmaones A-C are naturally occurring tricyclic indole alkaloids possessing a unique hydroxymethylene or methoxymethylene substituent at the C2 position of the indole core and a C6-C7 fused cyclopentanone. Dilemmaone B has been prepared in 5 steps from 5-methylindan-1-one, and dilemmaone A has been prepared in 3 steps from a common precursor, 6-bromo-5-methyl-7-nitroindan-1-one. In both syntheses, key steps include a Kosugi-Migita-Stille cross coupling and a reductive cyclization using hydrogen gas and a transition metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E Lambson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Christopher A Dacko
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Jeffrey M McNeill
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Björn C G Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
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5
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Choi H, Jang H, Kim H, Lee K. Synthesis of γ-Lactones via the Kowalski Homologation Reaction: Protecting-Group-Free Divergent Total Syntheses of Eupomatilones-2,5,6, and 3- epi-Eupomatilone-6. Org Lett 2019; 21:7857-7862. [PMID: 31556618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis of functionalized chiral γ-butyrolactone scaffolds has been described. The basis of the approach is the Kowalski ester homologation that is modified for our proposed transformation. The newly developed methodology combines a divergent synthetic strategy to permit a straightforward protecting-group-free asymmetric total syntheses of eupomatilones-2,5,6, and 3-epi-eupomatilone-6 in five or six steps from commercial starting materials, making it one of the shortest syntheses reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Choi
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
| | - Hanho Jang
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
| | - Hyoungsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
| | - Kiyoun Lee
- Department of Chemistry , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon 14662 , Korea
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6
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Salib MN, Molinski TF. Six Trikentrin-like Cyclopentanoindoles from Trikentrion flabelliforme. Absolute Structural Assignment by NMR and ECD. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1278-1286. [PMID: 29320183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six new cyclopenta[g]indoles were isolated from a West Australian sponge, Trikentrion flabelliforme Hentschel, 1912, and their structures elucidated by integrated spectroscopic analysis. The compounds are analogues of previously described trikentrins, herbindoles, and trikentramides from related Axinellid sponges. The assignment of absolute configuration of the new compounds was carried out largely by comparative analysis of specific rotation, calculated and measured ECD, and exploiting van't Hoff's principle of optical superposition. Five of the new compounds were chemically interconverted to establish their stereochemical relationships, leading to a simple chiroptical mnemonic for assignment of the this family of chiral indoles. The first biosynthetic hypothesis is advanced to explain the origin of the trikentrin-herbinole family and proposes a pyrrole-carboxylic thioester-initiated polyketide synthase mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam N Salib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Tadeusz F Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC-0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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7
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da Silva VHM, Silva LF, Braga AAC. Iodine(III)-Mediated Ring Contraction of 1,2-Dihydronaphthalenes: Mechanistic Insight by Computational Investigations. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Menezes da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP. Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP. Brazil
| | - Ataualpa A. C. Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 CEP 05508-000 São Paulo SP. Brazil
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8
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Marsch N, Kock M, Lindel T. Study on the synthesis of the cyclopenta[f]indole core of raputindole A. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:334-42. [PMID: 26977193 PMCID: PMC4778506 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The raputindoles from the rutaceous tree Raputia simulans share a cyclopenta[f]indole partial structure the synthesis of which is subject of this investigation. An efficient route to a series of 1,5-di(indol-6-yl)pentenones was developed via Mo/Au-catalyzed Meyer–Schuster rearrangement of tertiary propargylic alcohol precursors. However, none of the enones underwent the desired Nazarov cyclization to a cyclopenta[f]indole. More suitable were 6-hydroxyallylated indolines which gave good yields of cyclopenta[f]indolines after treatment with SnCl4, as soon as sterically demanding β-cyclocitral adducts were reacted. Most successful were Pt(II) and Au(I)-catalyzed cyclizations of N-TIPS-protected indolin-6-yl-substituted propargylacetates which provided the hydrogenated tricyclic cyclopenta[f]indole core system in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Marsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Kock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Lindel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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9
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Shevlin M, Friedfeld MR, Sheng H, Pierson NA, Hoyt JM, Campeau LC, Chirik PJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Alkene Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters: High-Throughput Experimentation-Enabled Reaction Discovery, Optimization, and Mechanistic Elucidation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3562-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shevlin
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Max R. Friedfeld
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Huaming Sheng
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Pierson
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Louis-Charles Campeau
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Ahmad A, Silva LF. Metal-Free Asymmetric Synthesis of Indanes through Chiral Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Ring Contraction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2174-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anees Ahmad
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo − SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo − SP, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
In 1989, the reaction of vinyl magnesium halides with ortho-substituted nitroarenes leading to indoles was discovered. This reaction is now frequently reported as the "Bartoli reaction" or the "Bartoli indole synthesis" (BIS). It has rapidly become the shortest and most flexible route to 7-substituted indoles, because the classical indole syntheses generally fail in their preparation. The flexibility of the Bartoli reaction is great as it can be extended to heteroaromatic nitro derivatives and can be run on solid support. This review will focus on the use of the Bartoli indole synthesis as the key step in preparations of complex indoles, which appeared in the literature in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bartoli
- Dipartimento Chimica Industriale 'Toso Montanari', Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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12
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Matsuda Y, Naoe S, Oishi S, Fujii N, Ohno H. Formal [4+2] Reaction between 1,3-Diynes and Pyrroles: Gold(I)-Catalyzed Indole Synthesis by Double Hydroarylation. Chemistry 2014; 21:1463-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Campbell CD, Greenaway RL, Holton OT, Chapman HA, Anderson EA. Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of bromoenynamides to tricyclic azacycles: synthesis of trikentrin-like frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5187-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Utaka A, Cavalcanti LN, Silva LF. Electrophilic alkynylation of ketones using hypervalent iodine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3810-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient electrophilic alkynylation of ketones can be performed using hypervalent iodine compounds. This protocol was applied for an aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Utaka
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz F. Silva
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo - SP, Brazil
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15
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Boukouvalas J, Loach RP. Concise Total Synthesis of (−)-Auxofuran by a Click Diels–Alder Strategy. Org Lett 2013; 15:4912-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402345x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Boukouvalas
- Département de Chimie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard P. Loach
- Département de Chimie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, Quebec G1 V 0A6, Canada
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