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Sun Z, Fan W, Han Y, Yuan W, Ni Y, Wang J, Wei H, Zhao Y, Sun Z, Wu J. Helical fused 1,2:8,9-dibenzozethrene oligomers with up to 201° end-to-end twist: "one-pot" synthesis and chiral resolution. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7922-7927. [PMID: 37502331 PMCID: PMC10370577 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02285d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Twisted polyarenes with persistent chirality are desirable but their synthesis has remained a challenge. In this study, we present a "one-pot" synthesis of 1,2:8,9-dibenzozethrene (DBZ) and its vertically fused dimers and trimers using nickel-catalyzed cyclo-oligomerization reactions. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed highly twisted helical structures that consist of equal parts left- and right-handed enantiomers. Notably, the end-to-end twist between the terminal anthracene units measured 66°, 130°, and 201° for the DBZ monomer, dimer, and trimer, respectively, setting a new record among twisted polyarenes. Furthermore, the chiral resolution by HPLC yielded two enantiomers for the fused DBZ dimer and trimer, both of which maintained stable configurations and showed absorption dissymmetry factors of around 0.008-0.009. Additionally, their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated, which exhibited a chain-length dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Sun
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry and Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350507 China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore
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2
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Yu Z, Shi G, Wang KP, Xu LZ, Chen S, Hu ZQ. Benzothiadiazole-derived double aza [5]helicenes: Synthesis, crystal structure and optical properties. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Zhang Y, Pun SH, Miao Q. The Scholl Reaction as a Powerful Tool for Synthesis of Curved Polycyclic Aromatics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14554-14593. [PMID: 35960873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed remarkable success in the synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics through Scholl reactions which enable oxidative aryl-aryl coupling even in company with the introduction of significant steric strain. These curved polycyclic aromatics are not only unique objects of structural organic chemistry in relation to the nature of aromaticity but also play an important role in bottom-up approaches to precise synthesis of nanocarbons of unique topology. Moreover, they have received considerable attention in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and organic functional materials because of their interesting properties and promising applications. Despite the great success of Scholl reactions in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics, the outcome of a newly designed substrate in the Scholl reaction still cannot be predicted in a generic and precise manner largely due to limited understanding on the reaction mechanism and possible rearrangement processes. This review provides an overview of Scholl reactions with a focus on their applications in synthesis of curved polycyclic aromatics with interesting structures and properties and aims to shed light on the key factors that affect Scholl reactions in synthesizing sterically strained polycyclic aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Regiodivergent Synthesis and π‐Stacking‐Induced Chiral Self‐Recognition of Hexabenzocoronene‐Based [6]Helicenes. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Multiple Helicenes Featuring Synthetic Approaches and Molecular Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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7
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Magiera KM, Aryal V, Chalifoux WA. Alkyne benzannulations in the preparation of contorted nanographenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2372-2386. [PMID: 32196052 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanographenes are a popular area of research due to their promising properties for electronics. Over the last twenty years there has been a significant increase in interest in the development of contorted nanographenes. While many top-down techniques are employed in the synthesis of these planar nanographenes, the use of alkynes in bottom-up syntheses allows for easy functionalization and the development of contorted nanographenes. The syntheses of contorted nanographenes with a focus on utilizing alkynes is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M Magiera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Vivek Aryal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Wesley A Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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8
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Synthetic Applications of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling-From Biphenols to Nanographenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2998-3027. [PMID: 31342599 PMCID: PMC7027897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative aromatic coupling occupies a fundamental place in the modern chemistry of aromatic compounds. It is a method of choice for the assembly of large and bewildering architectures. Considerable effort was also devoted to applications of the Scholl reaction for the synthesis of chiral biphenols and natural products. The ability to form biaryl linkages without any prefunctionalization provides an efficient pathway to many complex structures. Although the chemistry of this process is only now becoming fully understood, this reaction continues to both fascinate and challenge researchers. This is especially true for heterocoupling, that is, oxidative aromatic coupling with the chemoselective formation of a C-C bond between two different arenes. Analysis of the progress achieved in this field since 2013 reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted (cyclo)dehydrogenation, and developing new reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische ChemieLeibniz Universität HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/5201-224WarsawPoland
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9
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Grzybowski M, Sadowski B, Butenschön H, Gryko DT. Syntheseanwendungen der oxidativen aromatischen Kupplung – von Biphenolen zu Nanographenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Deutschland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warschau Polen
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10
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Little MS, Yeates SG, Alwattar AA, Heard KWJ, Raftery J, Edwards AC, Parry AVS, Quayle P. Insights into the Scholl Coupling Reaction: A Key Transformation of Relevance to the Synthesis of Graphenes and Related Systems. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Little
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
- School of Chemistry; Imperial College; SW7 2AY London UK
| | - Stephen G. Yeates
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Aula A. Alwattar
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Kane W. J. Heard
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - James Raftery
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Alyn C. Edwards
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Adam. V. S. Parry
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
| | - Peter Quayle
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester UK
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11
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Miller RW, Averill SE, Van Wyck SJ, Whalley AC. General Method for the Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrabenzo[8]circulenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:12001-12005. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Summer E. Averill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Stephen J. Van Wyck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Adam C. Whalley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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