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Tripathi NP, Jain S, Singh RK, Sengupta S. Tripodal Triazine and 1,8-Naphthalimide-based Small Molecules as Efficient Photocatalysts for Visible-light Oxidative Condensation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303244. [PMID: 38038268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecules Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 consisting of triphenyl triazine and 1,8-naphthalimide, without and with a thiophene spacer have been synthesized. Their optical and redox properties were thoroughly investigated along with their utilization as photocatalysts in organic transformations. Compounds Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 showed broad absorption in the range of 290-480 nm in solutions and 300-510 nm in thin films. These tripodal molecules displayed wide optical bandgaps of (Eg opt ) 3.10 eV and 2.64 eV with very deep-lying HOMO energy levels (-6.60 eV and -6.03 eV) and low-lying LUMO levels (-3.50 eV and -3.40 eV). Appreciable electron mobilities of 5.24×10-4 cm2 /Vs and 6.14×10-4 cm2 /Vs were obtained for compounds Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 respectively by space-charge limited current (SCLC) measurements. Metal-free tripodal molecules Tr-Np3 and Tr-T-Np3 showed excellent photocatalytic abilities towards condensation of aromatic aldehydes and o-phenylenediamine followed by cyclization under visible light to yield benzimidazole derivatives that are of high medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Pratap Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sanyam Jain
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajiv K Singh
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section, Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Punjab, 140306, India
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2
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Salahvarzi M, Setaro A, Ludwig K, Amsalem P, Schultz T, Mehdipour E, Nemati M, Chong C, Reich S, Adeli M. Synthesis of two-dimensional triazine covalent organic frameworks at ambient conditions to detect and remove water pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117078. [PMID: 37704076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of fully triazine frameworks (C3N3) by metal catalyzed reactions at high temperatures results in carbonized and less-defined structures. Moreover, metal impurities affect the physicochemical, optical and electrical properties of the synthesized frameworks, dramatically. In this work, two-dimensional C3N3 (2DC3N3) has been synthesized by in situ catalyst-free copolymerization of sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride, as cheap and commercially available precursors, at ambient conditions on gram scale. Reaction between sodium cyanide and cyanuric chloride resulted in electron-poor polyfunctional intermediates, which converted to 2DC3N3 with several hundred micrometers lateral size at ambient conditions upon [2 + 2+2] cyclotrimerization. 2DC3N3 sheets, in bulk and individually, showed strong fluorescence with 63% quantum yield and sensitive to small objects such as dyes and metal ions. The sensitivity of 2DC3N3 emission to foreign objects was used to detect low concentration of water impurities. Due to the high negative surface charge (-37.7 mV) and dispersion in aqueous solutions, they demonstrated a high potential to remove positively charged dyes from water, exemplified by excellent removal efficiency (>99%) for methylene blue. Taking advantage of the straightforward production and strong interactions with dyes and metal ions, 2DC3N3 was integrated in filters and used for the fast detection and efficient removal of water impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Setaro
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Department of Engineering, Pegaso University, Naples, Italy
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 36a, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Amsalem
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schultz
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, 14109, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Cheng Chong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics, Free University Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
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3
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Jerigova M, Markushyna Y, Teixeira IF, Badamdorj B, Isaacs M, Cruz D, Lauermann I, Muñoz‐Márquez MÁ, Tarakina NV, López‐Salas N, Savateev O, Jimenéz‐Calvo P. Green Light Photoelectrocatalysis with Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nitride: Using Triazole-Purpald for Enhanced Benzylamine Oxidation and Oxygen Evolution Reactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300099. [PMID: 36815368 PMCID: PMC10161101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Materials dictate carbon neutral industrial chemical processes. Visible-light photoelectrocatalysts from abundant resources will play a key role in exploiting solar irradiation. Anionic doping via pre-organization of precursors and further co-polymerization creates tuneable semiconductors. Triazole derivative-purpald, an unexplored precursor with sulfur (S) container, combined in different initial ratios with melamine during one solid-state polycondensation with two thermal steps yields hybrid S-doped carbon nitrides (C3 N4 ). The series of S-doped/C3 N4 -based materials show enhanced optical, electronic, structural, textural, and morphological properties and exhibit higher performance in organic benzylamine photooxidation, oxygen evolution, and similar energy storage (capacitor brief investigation). 50M-50P exhibits the highest photooxidation conversion (84 ± 3%) of benzylamine to imine at 535 nm - green light for 48 h, due to a discrete shoulder (≈700) nm, high sulfur content, preservation of crystal size, new intraband energy states, structural defects by layer distortion, and 10-16 nm pores with arbitrary depth. This work innovates by studying the concomitant relationships between: 1) the precursor decomposition while C3 N4 is formed, 2) the insertion of S impurities, 3) the S-doped C3 N4 property-activity relationships, and 4) combinatorial surface, bulk, structural, optical, and electronic characterization analysis. This work contributes to the development of disordered long-visible-light photocatalysts for solar energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jerigova
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Ivo F. Teixeira
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP13565–905Brazil
| | - Bolortuya Badamdorj
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Mark Isaacs
- HarwellXPSResearch Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton LabDidcotOX11 0FAUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gower StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Daniel Cruz
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFritz‐Haber‐Institut der Max‐Planck‐GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
| | - Iver Lauermann
- Department PVcomBHelmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieSchwarzschildstraße 312489BerlinGermany
| | | | - Nadezda V. Tarakina
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nieves López‐Salas
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Present address:
Department of ChemistryChair of Sustainable Materials ChemistryUniversity of PaderbornWarburger Str. 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Oleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Pablo Jimenéz‐Calvo
- Department of Colloid ChemistryMax‐Planck‐Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Present address:
Department of Materials Science WW4‐LKOUniversity of Erlangen‐NurembergMartensstraße 791058ErlangenGermany
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4
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Kochergin YS, Villa K, Nemeškalová A, Kuchař M, Pumera M. Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Visible-Light-Driven Microrobots Based on Donor-Acceptor Organic Polymer for Degradation of Toxic Psychoactive Substances. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18458-18468. [PMID: 34730953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven microrobots based on organic semiconductors have received tremendous attention in the past few years due to their unique properties, such as ease of reactivity tunability, band-gap modulation, and low cost. However, their fabrication with defined morphologies is a very challenging task that results in amorphous microrobots with poor motion efficiencies. Herein, we present hybrid inorganic-organic photoactive microrobots with a tubular shape and based on the combination of a mesoporous silica template with an active polymer containing thiophene and triazine units (named as Tz-Th microrobots). Owing to their well-defined tubular structure, such Tz-Th microrobots showed efficient directional motion under fuel-free conditions. Depending on the accumulation of the polymer coating, these microdevices also exhibited stand-up and rotation motion. As a proof-of-concept, we use these hybrid microrobots for the capture and degradation of toxic psychoactive drugs commonly found in wastewater effluents such as methamphetamine derivatives. We found that the microrobots were able to decompose the drug into small organic fragments after 20 min of visible light irradiation, reaching total intermediates removal after 2 h. Therefore, this approach represents a versatile and low-cost strategy to fabricate structured organic microrobots with efficient directional motion by using inorganic materials as the robot chassis, thereby maintaining the superior photocatalytic performance usually associated with such organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S Kochergin
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Villa
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Nemeškalová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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5
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Sheng ZQ, Xing YQ, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu SY, Chen L. Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor-acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:607-623. [PMID: 34285864 PMCID: PMC8261276 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can be easily tuned via structural design. In addition, they are of light weight (i.e., mainly composed of C, N, O, and S). To improve the photocatalytic performance of CPs and better understand the catalytic mechanisms, many strategies with respect to material design have been proposed. These include tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D-A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor units. The challenges and prospects associated with D-A polymer-based photocatalysts are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Sheng
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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6
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Yang L, Peng Y, Luo X, Dan Y, Ye J, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Beyond C 3N 4 π-conjugated metal-free polymeric semiconductors for photocatalytic chemical transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2147-2172. [PMID: 33331365 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis with stable, efficient and inexpensive metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising options for non-polluting energy production. This review article covers the state-of-the-art development of various effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts with large π-conjugated units for chemical transformations including water splitting, CO2 and N2 reduction, organic synthesis and monomer polymerisation. The article starts with the catalytic mechanisms of metal-free photocatalysts. Then a particular focus is on the rational manipulation of π-conjugation enlargement, charge separation, electronic structures and band structures in the design of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts. Following the design principles, the selection and construction of functional units are discussed, as well as the connecting bonds and dimensions of π-conjugated polymeric photocatalysts. Finally the hot and emerging applications of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts for photocatalytic chemical transformations are summarized. The strategies provide potential avenues to address the challenges of catalyst activity, selectivity and stability in the further development of highly effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Environmental Remediation Materials Unit National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan and TU-NIMS Joint Reseach Center School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
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7
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Mohamed MG, Elsayed MH, Elewa AM, EL-Mahdy AFM, Yang CH, Mohammed AAK, Chou HH, Kuo SW. Pyrene-containing conjugated organic microporous polymers for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as photocatalysts with promising H2 production efficiencies and very high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Hammad Elsayed
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ahmed M. Elewa
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Yang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
| | | | - Ho-Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804
- Taiwan
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8
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Rahman M, Tian H, Edvinsson T. Revisiting the Limiting Factors for Overall Water-Splitting on Organic Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16278-16293. [PMID: 32329950 PMCID: PMC7540687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of inexpensive and earth abundant photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production from water, conjugated polymers have shown potential to be a viable alternative to widely used inorganic counterparts. The photocatalytic performance of polymeric photocatalysts, however, is very poor in comparison to that of inorganic photocatalysts. Most of the organic photocatalysts are active in hydrogen production only when a sacrificial electron donor (SED) is added into the solution, and their high performances often rely on presence of noble metal co-catalyst (e.g. Pt). For pursuing a carbon neutral and cost-effective green hydrogen production, unassisted hydrogen production solely from water is one of the critical requirements to translate a mere bench-top research interest into the real world applications. Although this is a generic problem for both inorganic and organic types of photocatalysts, organic photocatalysts are mostly investigated in the half-reaction, and have so far shown limited success in hydrogen production from overall water-splitting. To make progress, this article exclusively discusses critical factors that are limiting the overall water-splitting in organic photocatalysts. Additionally, we also have extended the discussion to issues related to stability, accurate reporting of the hydrogen production as well as challenges to be resolved to reach 10 % STH (solar-to-hydrogen) conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical chemistryAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
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9
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Rahman M, Tian H, Edvinsson T. Revisiting the Limiting Factors for Overall Water‐Splitting on Organic Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical chemistryAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
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10
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Zhao C, Chen Z, Shi R, Yang X, Zhang T. Recent Advances in Conjugated Polymers for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907296. [PMID: 32483883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the ambition of solving the challenges of the shortage of fossil fuels and their associated environmental pollution, visible-light-driven splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a promising technology to provide environmentally friendly energy vectors. Among the current library of developed photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers present unique advantages of sufficient light-absorption efficiency, excellent stability, tunable electronic properties, and economic applicability. As a class of rising photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers offer high flexibility in tuning the framework of the backbone and porosity to fulfill the requirements for photocatalytic applications. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in visible-light-driven water splitting employing organic conjugated polymers. The recent development of the structural design principles of organic conjugated polymers (including linear, crosslinked, and supramolecular self-assembled polymers) toward efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and overall water splitting is described, thus providing a comprehensive reference for the field. Finally, current challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Jayakumar J, Chou H. Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water using Polymer Photocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ho‐Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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12
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An WK, Zheng SJ, Du YN, Ding SY, Li ZJ, Jiang S, Qin Y, Liu X, Wei PF, Cao ZQ, Song M, Pan Z. Thiophene-embedded conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Bottom-up” embedding of thiophene derivatives into CMPs for highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis is reported.
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13
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Rahman MZ, Kibria MG, Mullins CB. Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1887-1931. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress, challenges and recommended future research related to metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen productionviawater-splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive
- NW Calgary
- Canada
| | - Charles Buddie Mullins
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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14
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Kochergin YS, Noda Y, Kulkarni R, Škodáková K, Tarábek J, Schmidt J, Bojdys MJ. Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Porous Donor–Acceptor Polymers as Real-Time Optical and Chemical Sensors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Noda
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klára Škodáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Huang J, Tarábek J, Kulkarni R, Wang C, Dračínský M, Smales GJ, Tian Y, Ren S, Pauw BR, Resch‐Genger U, Bojdys MJ. A π-Conjugated, Covalent Phosphinine Framework. Chemistry 2019; 25:12342-12348. [PMID: 31322767 PMCID: PMC6790668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural modularity of polymer frameworks is a key advantage of covalent organic polymers, however, only C, N, O, Si, and S have found their way into their building blocks so far. Here, the toolbox available to polymer and materials chemists is expanded by one additional nonmetal, phosphorus. Starting with a building block that contains a λ5 -phosphinine (C5 P) moiety, a number of polymerization protocols are evaluated, finally obtaining a π-conjugated, covalent phosphinine-based framework (CPF-1) through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. CPF-1 is a weakly porous polymer glass (72.4 m2 g-1 BET at 77 K) with green fluorescence (λmax =546 nm) and extremely high thermal stability. The polymer catalyzes hydrogen evolution from water under UV and visible light irradiation without the need for additional co-catalyst at a rate of 33.3 μmol h-1 g-1 . These results demonstrate for the first time the incorporation of the phosphinine motif into a complex polymer framework. Phosphinine-based frameworks show promising electronic and optical properties, which might spark future interest in their applications in light-emitting devices and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Huang
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard- Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFree University of BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Glen J. Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Brian R. Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard- Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
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16
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Xiao Z, Huang X, Zhao K, Song Q, Guo R, Zhang X, Zhou S, Kong D, Wagner M, Müllen K, Zhi L. Band Structure Engineering of Schiff-Base Microporous Organic Polymers for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900244. [PMID: 31259465 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Schiff-base networks (SBNs), as typical examples of nitrogen-doped microporous organic polymers (MOPs), exhibit promising application prospects owing to their stable properties and tunable chemical structures. However, their band structure engineering, which plays a key role in optical properties, remains elusive due to the complicated mechanisms behind energy level adjustment. In this work, a series of SBNs are fabricated by tailoring the ratio of p-phthalaldehyde and o-phthalaldehyde in the Schiff-base chemistry reaction with melamine, resulting in a straightforward as well as continuous tuning of their band gaps ranging from 4.4 to 1.4 eV. Consequently, SBNs can be successfully used as photocatalysts with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity even under metal-free conditions. Significantly, electronic structures of SBNs are systematically studied by electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations, demonstrating that the enhanced performance is ascribed to proper band structure and improved charge separation ability. More importantly, in combination with theoretical calculations, the band structure regulation mechanism and band structure-photocatalytic property relationship are deeply disclosed. The results obtained from this study will not only furnish SBN materials with excellent performance for solar energy conversion, but also open up elegant protocols for the molecular engineering of MOPs with desirable band structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Qi Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ruiying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinghao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanke Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Debin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linjie Zhi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Duan C, Zou W, Du Z, Li H, Zhang C. Fabrication of micro-mesopores in macroporous poly (formaldehyde-melamine) monoliths via reaction-induced phase separation in high internal phase emulsion template. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Liang HP, Acharjya A, Anito DA, Vogl S, Wang TX, Thomas A, Han BH. Rhenium-Metalated Polypyridine-Based Porous Polycarbazoles for Visible-Light CO2 Photoreduction. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, Berlin D-10623, Germany
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, Berlin D-10623, Germany
| | - Dejene Assefa Anito
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sarah Vogl
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, Berlin D-10623, Germany
| | - Tian-Xiong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, Berlin D-10623, Germany
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Kochergin YS, Schwarz D, Acharjya A, Ichangi A, Kulkarni R, Eliášová P, Vacek J, Schmidt J, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Exploring the “Goldilocks Zone” of Semiconducting Polymer Photocatalysts by Donor-Acceptor Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Pavla Eliášová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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20
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Kochergin YS, Schwarz D, Acharjya A, Ichangi A, Kulkarni R, Eliášová P, Vacek J, Schmidt J, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Exploring the “Goldilocks Zone” of Semiconducting Polymer Photocatalysts by Donor-Acceptor Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14188-14192. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Pavla Eliášová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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21
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Modak A, Bhanja P, Bhaumik A. Microporous Nanotubes and Nanospheres with Iron-Catechol Sites: Efficient Lewis Acid Catalyst and Support for Ag Nanoparticles in CO 2 Fixation Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 24:14189-14197. [PMID: 29979469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FeIII -containing hyper-crosslinked microporous nanotubes (FeNTs) and nanospheres (FeNSs) are synthesized through the reaction of catechol and dimethoxymethane in the presence of FeCl3 or CF3 SO3 H. Both FeNTs and FeNSs demonstrate excellent catalytic activity in Lewis acid catalysis (hydrolysis and regioselective methanolysis of styrene oxide) and tandem catalysis involving a sequential oxidation-cyclization process, which selectively converts benzyl alcohol to 2-phenyl benzimidazole. Apart from Lewis acidity, the FeNTs and FeNSs also showed CO2 uptake capacities of 2.6 and 2.2 mmol g-1 , respectively, at a pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 273 K. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles are immobilized successfully on the surfaces of FeNTs and FeNSs by the liquid-phase impregnation method to prepare Ag@FeNT and Ag@FeNS nanocomposites, which show high catalytic activity for the selective fixation of CO2 to phenylacetylene to yield phenylpropiolic acid at 60 °C and 1 atm CO2 pressure. Hence, FeIII -catechol-containing hyper-crosslinked nanotubes and nanospheres have huge potential not only as Lewis acid catalysts, but also as excellent supports for immobilizing Ag nanoparticles in the design of a robust catalyst for the carboxylation of terminal alkynes, which has wide scope in catalysis and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Modak
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India.,S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Piyali Bhanja
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-, 700032, India
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22
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Lee J, Buyukcakir O, Kwon TW, Coskun A. Energy Band-Gap Engineering of Conjugated Microporous Polymers via Acidity-Dependent in Situ Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10937-10940. [PMID: 30089358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Onur Buyukcakir
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-woo Kwon
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water, and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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23
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Schwarz D, Acharja A, Ichangi A, Lyu P, Opanasenko MV, Goßler FR, König TAF, Čejka J, Nachtigall P, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Fluorescent Sulphur- and Nitrogen-Containing Porous Polymers with Tuneable Donor-Acceptor Domains for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2018; 24:11916-11921. [PMID: 30024068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven water splitting is a potential source of abundant, clean energy, yet efficient charge-separation and size and position of the bandgap in heterogeneous photocatalysts are challenging to predict and design. Synthetic attempts to tune the bandgap of polymer photocatalysts classically rely on variations of the sizes of their π-conjugated domains. However, only donor-acceptor dyads hold the key to prevent undesired electron-hole recombination within the catalyst via efficient charge separation. Building on our previous success in incorporating electron-donating, sulphur-containing linkers and electron-withdrawing, triazine (C3 N3 ) units into porous polymers, we report the synthesis of six visible-light-active, triazine-based polymers with a high heteroatom-content of S and N that photocatalytically generate H2 from water: up to 915 μmol h-1 g-1 with Pt co-catalyst, and-as one of the highest to-date reported values -200 μmol h-1 g-1 without. The highly modular Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction we employ, enables a systematic study of mixed (S, N, C) and (N, C)-only polymer systems. Our results highlight that photocatalytic water-splitting does not only require an ideal optical bandgap of ≈2.2 eV, but that the choice of donor-acceptor motifs profoundly impacts charge-transfer and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Amitava Acharja
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym V Opanasenko
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian R Goßler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Pachfule P, Acharjya A, Roeser J, Langenhahn T, Schwarze M, Schomäcker R, Thomas A, Schmidt J. Diacetylene Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework (COF) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1423-1427. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Pachfule
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Langenhahn
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, TC 08, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, TC 08, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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