1
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Alberti D, Thiaudiere E, Parzy E, Elkhanoufi S, Rakhshan S, Stefania R, Massot P, Mellet P, Aime S, Geninatti Crich S. 4-Amino-TEMPO loaded liposomes as sensitive EPR and OMRI probes for the detection of phospholipase A2 activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13725. [PMID: 37608036 PMCID: PMC10444830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims at developing a diagnostic method based on Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements of stable nitroxide radicals released from "EPR silent" liposomes. The liposome destabilisation and consequent radical release is enzymatically triggered by the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) present in the biological sample of interest. PLA2 are involved in a broad range of processes, and changes in their activity may be considered as a unique valuable biomarker for early diagnoses. The minimum amount of PLA2 measured "in vitro" was 0.09 U/mL. Moreover, the liposomes were successfully used to perform Overhauser-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OMRI) in vitro at 0.2 T. The amount of radicals released by PLA2 driven liposome destabilization was sufficient to generate a well detectable contrast enhancement in the corresponding OMRI image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alberti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Eric Thiaudiere
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Parzy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sabrina Elkhanoufi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sahar Rakhshan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Eastern Piedmont "Amedeo Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Philippe Massot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CRMSB, UMR 5536, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvio Aime
- IRCCS SDN SYNLAB, Via Gianturco 113, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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2
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Sun JT, Li X, Yang TY, Lv M, Chen LY, Wei BG. In(OTf) 3-catalyzed N-α phosphonylation of N, O-acetals with triethyl phosphite. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6571-6581. [PMID: 35904891 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01196d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach to α-aminophosphonates has been developed through an In(OTf)3-catalyzed N-α phosphonylation of N,O-acetals with triethyl phosphite 7. Indoline and isoindoline N,O-acetals 6a-6j and 9a-9j and chain N,O-acetals 11a-11p were subjected to a Lewis acid catalyzed N-α phosphonylation process. As a result, the desired α-aminophosphonates 8a-8j, 10a-10j and 12a-12p were obtained in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ting Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620 China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620 China.
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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3
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Elkhanoufi S, Stefania R, Alberti D, Baroni S, Aime S, Geninatti Crich S. Highly Sensitive “Off/On” EPR Probes to Monitor Enzymatic Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104563. [PMID: 35175676 PMCID: PMC9314618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of unregulated level of enzyme activity is a crucial parameter for early diagnoses in a wide range of pathologies. In this study, we propose the use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) as an easy method to probe carboxylesterase (CE) enzymatic activity in vitro. For this application, were synthesized two amphiphilic, nitroxide containing esters, namely Tempo‐C12 (T‐C12) and Tempo‐2‐C12 (T‐2‐C12). They exhibit low solubility in water and form stable micelles in which the radicals are EPR almost silent, but the hydrolysis of the ester bond yields narrows and intense EPR signals. The intensity of the EPR signals is proportional to the enzymatic activity. CEs1, CEs2 and esterase from porcine liver (PLE) were investigated. The obtained results show that T‐C12 and T‐2‐C12‐containing systems display a much higher selectivity toward the CEs2, with a Limit of Detection of the same order of those ones obtained with optical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Elkhanoufi
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Diego Alberti
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Simona Baroni
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- University of Torino Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
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4
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Chen ZD, Xu WK, Guo JM, Chen L, Wei BG, Si CM, Lin GQ. A One-Pot Approach to 2-Substituted-2-(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-Pyrrolidines from Substituted tert-Butyl 4-Oxobutylcarbamates and Trimethyl Phosphite. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11442-11455. [PMID: 34479405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to 2-substituted-2-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-pyrrolidines 7a-7o and 9a-9r has been developed, which features a TMSOTf-mediated one-pot intramolecular cyclization and phosphonylation of substituted tert-butyl 4-oxobutylcarbamates. The major advantages of this method include simple operation under mild reaction conditions, the use of cheap Lewis acid, and good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 99:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Dan Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ming Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Gurská M, Brezová V, Šalitroš I, Švorc Ľ, Špánik I, Moncoľ J, Pavlik J, Szolcsányi P. Polyradical PROXYL/TEMPO Conjugates Connected by Ester/Amide Bridges: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, and DFT Calculations. Chempluschem 2021; 86:396-405. [PMID: 33645915 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of di-/trinitroxide esters and amides featuring PROXYL and/or TEMPO radicals connected with alicyclic bridges were prepared in 61-92 % yields and their properties were analysed by using multiple experimental techniques. The examination of EPR spectra of radicals in organic solvents augmented with DFT calculations brought valuable information on the conformational dynamics and spin exchange mechanisms. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed (quasi)reversible electrochemical behaviour of studied nitroxides with their half-wave potentials ranging from -51 to -17 mV. SQUID measurements of selected radicals revealed that the magnetism of di- and trinitroxides is significantly different, since antiferromagnetic coupling in biradicals is notably larger than in triradicals. The single-crystal X-ray analysis of selected biradicals revealed the existence of 3D supramolecular networks of molecules linked through hydrogen-bonding interactions. These polynitroxide radicals can serve as promising bridging or chelating ligands in the synthesis of transition-metal-based molecular magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Gurská
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 41, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Šalitroš
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-974 00, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Pavlik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Szolcsányi
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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6
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Audran G, Jacoutot S, Jugniot N, Marque SRA, Mellet P. Shifting-Nitroxides to Investigate Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Fatty Acids by Lipases Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Turbid Media. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5504-5507. [PMID: 31013060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While optical methods are not efficient enough for the easy, fast, and efficient detection of enzymatic activity in turbid media, the properties of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique make it suitable for use in such media. Nitroxides which exhibit a change in their EPR hyperfine coupling constants upon enzymatic activity and are selective to lipases were developed under the name of shifting-nitroxides. Several fatty acids, exhibiting saturated and unsaturated chains of various lengths, were coupled with the shifting-nitroxide via an enol ester link and tested against several lipases. As the solubility of fatty acids is low in HEPES buffer, experiments were performed in turbid aqueous solution. Almost all labeled fatty acids were hydrolyzed by Candida rugosa lipase, and more selectivity is observed with Porcine Pancreas lipase type II. No activity was observed for lipase AK Amano 20, Candida antartica lipase B, and Mucor miehei lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix Marseille Univ. , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551 , Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen , 13397 , Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Samuel Jacoutot
- Aix Marseille Univ. , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551 , Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen , 13397 , Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Natacha Jugniot
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Case 93 , University of Bordeaux , 146 Rue Leo Saignat , 33076 , Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix Marseille Univ. , CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Case 551 , Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen , 13397 , Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Philippe Mellet
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR 5536 CNRS, Case 93 , University of Bordeaux , 146 Rue Leo Saignat , 33076 , Bordeaux Cedex, France.,INSERM , 33076 , Bordeaux Cedex, France
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7
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Audran G, Bosco L, Brémond P, Jugniot N, Marque SRA, Massot P, Mellet P, Moussounda Moussounda Koumba T, Parzy E, Rivot A, Thiaudière E, Voisin P, Wedl C, Yamasaki T. Enzymatic triggering of C–ON bond homolysis of alkoxyamines. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00899c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxyamine 1 is selectively hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin and substilisin A into alkoxyamine 2H+ for which C–ON bond homolysis occurred with a 4-fold increase in rate constants compared to 1 while non-specific proteases had no effect.
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8
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Sanzhaeva U, Xu X, Guggilapu P, Tseytlin M, Khramtsov VV, Driesschaert B. Imaging of Enzyme Activity by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance: Concept and Experiment Using a Paramagnetic Substrate of Alkaline Phosphatase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11701-11705. [PMID: 30003653 PMCID: PMC6327950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme activities are well established biomarkers of many pathologies. Imaging enzyme activity directly in vivo may help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of various diseases but remains extremely challenging. In this communication, we report the use of EPR imaging (EPRI) in combination with a specially designed paramagnetic enzymatic substrate to map alkaline phosphatase activity with a high selectivity, thereby demonstrating the potential of EPRI to map enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urikhan Sanzhaeva
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xuan Xu
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Priyaankadevi Guggilapu
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
| | - Mark Tseytlin
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West, Virginia, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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