1
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Albano G, Aronica LA, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiral diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-based oligothiophenes: Synthesis and characterization of aggregated states in solution and thin films. Chirality 2024; 36:e23608. [PMID: 37424264 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized a family of three structurally related chiral oligothiophenes containing a 1,4-diketo-3,6-diarylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) unit as the central core; functionalized with the same (S)-3,7-dimethyl-1-octyl chains on the nitrogen atoms of lactam moieties, they only differ in the number of lateral thiophene units. The aggregation modes of these π-conjugated chiral systems were evaluated by means of UV-Vis absorption and ECD spectroscopies in conditions of solution aggregation (CHCl3 /MeOH mixtures) and as thin films, describing in particular the impact of the π-conjugation length on the chiroptical properties. Interestingly, we found that the variable number of thiophene units attached to the DPP core affects not only the propensity to aggregation but also the aggregates' helicity. ECD revealed information about the supramolecular arrangement of these molecules, that one would not obtain by using conventional optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Thin film samples revealed very different aggregation modes with respect to solution aggregates, casting doubts on the common assumption that these latter may serve as simple models of the former ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Mastropasqua Talamo M, Cauchy T, Zinna F, Pop F, Avarvari N. Tuning the photophysical and chiroptical properties of [4]helicene-diketopyrrolopyrroles. Chirality 2023; 35:805-816. [PMID: 37203869 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and functionalization of diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives containing chiral groups able to induce a strong chiral perturbation of the DPP core are still a challenging task. We report in this work the straightforward preparation of four bis([4]helicene)-DPP and bis([4]thiahelicene)-DPP dyes upon the condensation of 2-CN-[4](thia)helicene precursors, followed by their N-alkylation by nucleophilic substitution (compounds 9-11) or by a Mitsunobu-type strategy (compound 12). Compound 12, which contains sec-phenylethyl groups attached to the nitrogen atoms, has been obtained as (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers. The four DPP-helicenes are luminescent in solution, while the N-benzyl (10) and N-sec-phenethyl (12) are emissive in the solid state as well. The chiroptical properties of compound 12 in solution and in the solid state indicate a strong chiral perturbation provided by the α-stereogenic centres, in spite of the stereodynamic nature of the [4]helicene flanking units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Cauchy
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavia Pop
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Université d'Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, Angers, France
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3
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Taddeucci A, Zinna F, Siligardi G, Di Bari L. Circularly Polarized Microscopy of Thin Films of Chiral Organic Dyes. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:471-478. [PMID: 37655166 PMCID: PMC10467535 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an optical microscopy technique, circularly polarized microscopy or CPM, able to afford spatially resolved electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of thin films of chiral organic semiconductors through a commercial microscope equipped with a camera and inexpensive optics. Provided the dichroic ratio is sufficiently large, the spatial resolution is on the order of the μm and is only limited by the magnification optics integrated in the microscope. We apply CPM to thin films of small chiral π-conjugated molecules, which gave rise to ordered aggregates in the thin layer. Primarily, conventional ECD can reveal and characterize chiral supramolecular structures and possible interferences between anisotropic properties of solid samples; however, it cannot generally account for the spatial distribution of such properties. CPM offers a characterization of supramolecular chirality and of commingling polarization anisotropies of the material, describing their local distribution. To validate CPM, we demonstrated that it can be adopted to quantify the local ECD of samples characterized by intense signals, virtually on any standard optical microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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4
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Humphreys J, Killalea CE, Pop F, Davies ES, Siligardi G, Amabilino DB. Self-assembly of chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores giving supramolecular chains in monolayers and twisted microtapes. Chirality 2023; 35:281-297. [PMID: 36760121 PMCID: PMC10947275 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diketopyrrolopyrroles appended with enantiomeric ethyl lactate functions through an ether linkage to the aryl backbone of the chromophore were synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction. The molecules have good solubility and excellent optical properties, high molar absorption coefficients, and fluorescence quantum yields. Helical aggregates with circular dichroism arising from the supramolecular arrangement are seen in both solution and thin films, and the aggregates also display circularly polarized luminescence (glum ≈ ±0.1). The molecules assemble to give monolayers on graphite and precipitate from solution forming supramolecular twisted tapes hundreds of microns long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Humphreys
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - C. Elizabeth Killalea
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Flavia Pop
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Present address:
MOLTECH‐Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRSUniversity of AngersAngersFrance
| | | | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireUK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB‐CSIC)Campus Universitari de CerdanyolaBarcelonaSpain
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5
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Murali SS, Gallaher JK, Janiseck C, Tay EJ, Wagner I, Thorn KE, Ilina A, Tamming RR, Wang J, Sester C, Sutton JJ, Price MB, Gordon KC, Chen K, Zhan X, Hodgkiss JM, Hume PA. Triplets with a Twist: Ultrafast Intersystem Crossing in a Series of Electron Acceptor Materials Driven by Conformational Disorder. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:732-744. [PMID: 36538761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Control over the populations of singlet and triplet excitons is key to organic semiconductor technologies. In different contexts, triplets can represent an energy loss pathway that must be managed (i.e., solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers) or provide avenues to improve energy conversion (i.e., photon upconversion and multiplication systems). A key consideration in the interplay of singlet and triplet exciton populations in these systems is the rate of intersystem crossing (ISC). In this work, we design, measure, and model a series of new electron acceptor molecules and analyze them using a combination of ultrafast transient absorption and ultrafast broadband photoluminescence spectroscopies. We demonstrate that intramolecular triplet formation occurs within several hundred picoseconds in solution and is accelerated considerably in the solid state. Importantly, ISC occurs with sufficient rapidity to compete with charge formation in modern organic solar cells, implicating triplets in intrinsic exciton loss channels in addition to charge recombination. Density functional theory calculations reveal that ISC occurs in triplet excited states characterized by local deviations from orbital π-symmetry associated with rotationally flexible thiophene rings. In disordered films, structural distortions, therefore, result in significant increases in spin-orbit coupling, enabling rapid ISC. We demonstrate the generality of this proposal in an oligothiophene model system where ISC is symmetry-forbidden and show that conformational disorder introduced by the formation of a solvent glass accelerates ISC, outweighing the lower temperature and increased viscosity. This proposal sheds light on the factors responsible for facile ISC and provides a simple framework for molecular control over spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Shruthi Murali
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Joseph K Gallaher
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Céline Janiseck
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Elliot J Tay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Isabella Wagner
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Thorn
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Aleksandra Ilina
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Ronnie R Tamming
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington5012, New Zealand
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Clément Sester
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Joshua J Sutton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Michael B Price
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Keith C Gordon
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington5012, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Justin M Hodgkiss
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
| | - Paul A Hume
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington6012, New Zealand.,MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington6012, New Zealand
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6
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Albano G, Zinna F, Urraci F, Capozzi MAM, Pescitelli G, Punzi A, Di Bari L, Farinola GM. Aggregation Modes of Chiral Diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole Dyes in Solution and Thin Films. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201178. [PMID: 35674127 PMCID: PMC9545290 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The chiroptical features of chiral diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) derivatives have been only marginally investigated to date. In this regard, we have synthesized ad hoc four chiral DPP dyes, functionalized with enantiopure alkyl groups from natural sources either on the lactam moieties or on the terminal positions of the π-conjugated backbone, to promote an efficient self-assembly into chiral supramolecular structures. For each of them, the aggregation modes has been investigated by absorbance and ECD spectroscopies in conditions of solution aggregation and on thin films, considering the effects of deposition technique (drop casting vs. spin coating) and post-deposition operations (solvent and thermal annealing). The effect of the structure of lateral π-conjugated units attached to the central DPP scaffold, as well as that of the position of the alkyl chiral group, has been assessed. ECD revealed superior capability, compared to absorbance spectroscopy, to provide information on the aggregation modes and to detect the possible co-existence of multiple aggregation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”Via Edoardo Orabona 470126BariItaly
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di PisaVia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Francesco Urraci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di PisaVia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | | | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di PisaVia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Angela Punzi
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”Via Edoardo Orabona 470126BariItaly
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di PisaVia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”Via Edoardo Orabona 470126BariItaly
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7
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Killalea CE, Samperi M, Siligardi G, Amabilino DB. Imaging deposition-dependent supramolecular chiral organisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4468-4471. [PMID: 35297921 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06790g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of a chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative were imaged with spatially-defined Mueller Matrix Polarimetry, focussing on the Circular Dichroism signal, giving unique insight into the impact that deposition techniques and thermal annealing can have on chiral supramolecular structures in the solid state, where homogeneity was observed for spun-coated films while drop-coating afforded chiroptical diversity in the material, a feature invisible to absorption spectroscopy or optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Killalea
- School of Chemistry and GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mario Samperi
- School of Chemistry and GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry and GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.,Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de Cerdanyola, 08193 Spain
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8
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Shaikh SA, Birajdar SS, Ambore SD, Puyad AL, Vijayanand P, Bhosale SV, Bhosale SV. A minireview on diketopyrrolopyrrole chemistry: Historical perspective and recent developments. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Saes BW, Lutz M, Wienk MM, Meskers SCJ, Janssen RAJ. Tuning the Optical Characteristics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Molecules in the Solid State by Alkyl Side Chains. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:25229-25238. [PMID: 33244323 PMCID: PMC7682139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of two sets of donor-acceptor-donor molecules with terminal bithiophene donor units and a central diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) acceptor unit are studied. The two sets differ in the alkyl chains on the DPP, which are either branched at the α-carbon (3-pentyl) (1-4) or linear (n-hexyl) (5-8). Within each set, the molecules differ by the absence or presence of n-hexyl chains on the terminal thiophene rings in the 3', 4', or 5' positions. While in solution, the optical spectra differ only subtly; they differ dramatically in the solid state. In contrast to 5-8, 1-4 are nonplanar as a consequence of the sterically demanding 3-pentyl groups, which inhibit π-stacking of the DPP units. Using the crystal structures of 2 (brick layer stacking) and 6 (slipped stacking), we quantitatively explain the solid state absorption spectra. By computing the molecular transition charge density and solving the dispersion relation, the optical absorption of the molecules in the crystal is predicted and in agreement with experiments. For 2, a single resonance frequency is obtained, while for 6 two transitions are seen, with the lower-energy transition being less intense. The results demonstrate how subtle changes in substitution exert large effects in optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart W.
H. Saes
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Utrecht
University, Crystal and Structural
Chemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Tang X, Zhang N, He G, Li CH, Huang W, Wang XY, Zhan G, Han B. Unconventional [2 + 3] Cyclization Involving [1,4]-Sulfonyl Transfer to Construct Polysubstituted Fluorazones as Inhibitors of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1. Org Lett 2020; 22:7909-7914. [PMID: 32991179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Gu He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China
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11
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Militzer S, Nishimura N, Ávila‐Rovelo NR, Matsuda W, Schwaller D, Mésini PJ, Seki S, Ruiz‐Carretero A. Impact of Chirality on Hydrogen‐Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies and Photoconductivity of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives. Chemistry 2020; 26:9998-10004. [PMID: 32369228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swann Militzer
- CNRS, UPR22 University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Nelson Ricardo Ávila‐Rovelo
- CNRS, UPR22 University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Duncan Schwaller
- CNRS, UPR22 University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Philippe J. Mésini
- CNRS, UPR22 University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Amparo Ruiz‐Carretero
- CNRS, UPR22 University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron 23 Rue du Loess 67000 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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13
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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14
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Pop F, Humphreys J, Schwarz J, Brown L, van den Berg A, Amabilino DB. Towards more sustainable synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrroles. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Functionalisation of diketopyrrolopyrroles with improved energy use during synthesis, ease of isolation, and yields of reactions is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pop
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Joshua Humphreys
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | - Liam Brown
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
| | | | - David B. Amabilino
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- NG7 2RD Nottingham
- UK
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
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