1
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Ingle DS, Yadav AC, Kumari K, Singh SK, Babu DJ, Rao KV. Post-synthetic π-extension of perylene conjugated porous polymer via APEX reactions: tunable optical and gas storage properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:454-457. [PMID: 36519380 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Double post-synthetic modification is used for the π-extension of perylene based conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) using sequential annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions. This approach enabled us to synthesize new CPPs rendered with donor-acceptor rigid π-systems such as benzoperylene anhydride (BPA-CPP) and benzoperylene benzimidazole (BPBI-CPP) with distinct optical properties. Despite its low surface area, BPBI-CPP shows good CO2 uptake and pH responsive behaviour owing to the presence of benzimidazole rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Siddhartha Ingle
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Aditya Chandrakant Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India. .,Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Kusum Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Deepu J Babu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India
| | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
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2
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Alves Fávaro M, Ditz D, Yang J, Bergwinkl S, Ghosh AC, Stammler M, Lorentz C, Roeser J, Quadrelli EA, Thomas A, Palkovits R, Canivet J, Wisser FM. Finding the Sweet Spot of Photocatalysis─A Case Study Using Bipyridine-Based CTFs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14182-14192. [PMID: 35293203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are a class of porous organic polymers that continuously attract growing interest because of their outstanding chemical and physical properties. However, the control of extended porous organic framework structures at the molecular scale for a precise adjustment of their properties has hardly been achieved so far. Here, we present a series of bipyridine-based CTFs synthesized through polycondensation, in which the sequence of specific building blocks is well controlled. The reported synthetic strategy allows us to tailor the physicochemical features of the CTF materials, including the nitrogen content, the apparent specific surface area, and optoelectronic properties. Based on a comprehensive analytical investigation, we demonstrate a direct correlation of the CTF bipyridine content with the material features such as the specific surface area, band gap, charge separation, and surface wettability with water. The entirety of these parameters dictates the catalytic activity as demonstrated for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The material with the optimal balance between optoelectronic properties and highest hydrophilicity enables HER production rates of up to 7.2 mmol/(h·g) under visible light irradiation and in the presence of a platinum cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Alves Fávaro
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ditz
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jin Yang
- Fakultät II Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bergwinkl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ashta C Ghosh
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Michael Stammler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Chantal Lorentz
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Fakultät II Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Arne Thomas
- Fakultät II Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Canivet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Florian M Wisser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Sarkar M, Dutta TK, Patra A. Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochromic Switching. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3055-3067. [PMID: 34403570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrochromic materials have received immense attention for the fabrication of smart optoelectronic devices. The alteration of the redox states of the electroactive functionalities results in the color change in response to electrochemical potential. Even though transition metal oxides, redox-active small organic molecules, conducting polymers, and metallopolymers are known for electrochromism, advanced materials demonstrating multicolor switching with fast response time and high durability are of increasing demand. Recently, two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) have been demonstrated as electrochromic materials due to their tunable redox functionalities with highly ordered structure and large specific surface area facilitating fast ion transport. Herein, we have discussed the mechanistic insights of electrochromism in 2D COFs and their structure-property relationship in electrochromic performance. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art knowledge for developing the electrochromic 2D COFs and their potential application in next-generation display devices are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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4
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Sheng ZQ, Xing YQ, Chen Y, Zhang G, Liu SY, Chen L. Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor-acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:607-623. [PMID: 34285864 PMCID: PMC8261276 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can be easily tuned via structural design. In addition, they are of light weight (i.e., mainly composed of C, N, O, and S). To improve the photocatalytic performance of CPs and better understand the catalytic mechanisms, many strategies with respect to material design have been proposed. These include tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D-A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor units. The challenges and prospects associated with D-A polymer-based photocatalysts are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qi Sheng
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Qin Xing
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- College of Materials, Metallurgical and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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5
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Yang L, Peng Y, Luo X, Dan Y, Ye J, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Beyond C 3N 4 π-conjugated metal-free polymeric semiconductors for photocatalytic chemical transformations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2147-2172. [PMID: 33331365 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis with stable, efficient and inexpensive metal-free catalysts is one of the most promising options for non-polluting energy production. This review article covers the state-of-the-art development of various effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts with large π-conjugated units for chemical transformations including water splitting, CO2 and N2 reduction, organic synthesis and monomer polymerisation. The article starts with the catalytic mechanisms of metal-free photocatalysts. Then a particular focus is on the rational manipulation of π-conjugation enlargement, charge separation, electronic structures and band structures in the design of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts. Following the design principles, the selection and construction of functional units are discussed, as well as the connecting bonds and dimensions of π-conjugated polymeric photocatalysts. Finally the hot and emerging applications of metal-free polymeric photocatalysts for photocatalytic chemical transformations are summarized. The strategies provide potential avenues to address the challenges of catalyst activity, selectivity and stability in the further development of highly effective metal-free polymeric photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yuting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China (Sichuan University), Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Jinhua Ye
- Environmental Remediation Materials Unit National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan and TU-NIMS Joint Reseach Center School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. and The School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
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6
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Rahman M, Tian H, Edvinsson T. Revisiting the Limiting Factors for Overall Water-Splitting on Organic Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16278-16293. [PMID: 32329950 PMCID: PMC7540687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of inexpensive and earth abundant photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production from water, conjugated polymers have shown potential to be a viable alternative to widely used inorganic counterparts. The photocatalytic performance of polymeric photocatalysts, however, is very poor in comparison to that of inorganic photocatalysts. Most of the organic photocatalysts are active in hydrogen production only when a sacrificial electron donor (SED) is added into the solution, and their high performances often rely on presence of noble metal co-catalyst (e.g. Pt). For pursuing a carbon neutral and cost-effective green hydrogen production, unassisted hydrogen production solely from water is one of the critical requirements to translate a mere bench-top research interest into the real world applications. Although this is a generic problem for both inorganic and organic types of photocatalysts, organic photocatalysts are mostly investigated in the half-reaction, and have so far shown limited success in hydrogen production from overall water-splitting. To make progress, this article exclusively discusses critical factors that are limiting the overall water-splitting in organic photocatalysts. Additionally, we also have extended the discussion to issues related to stability, accurate reporting of the hydrogen production as well as challenges to be resolved to reach 10 % STH (solar-to-hydrogen) conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical chemistryAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala UniversitySweden
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7
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Rahman M, Tian H, Edvinsson T. Revisiting the Limiting Factors for Overall Water‐Splitting on Organic Photocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahman
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
| | - Haining Tian
- Department of ChemistryDivision of Physical chemistryAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Materials Sciences and EngineeringDivision of Solid State PhysicsAngstrom LaboratoryUppsala University Sweden
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8
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Zhao C, Chen Z, Shi R, Yang X, Zhang T. Recent Advances in Conjugated Polymers for Visible-Light-Driven Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907296. [PMID: 32483883 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the ambition of solving the challenges of the shortage of fossil fuels and their associated environmental pollution, visible-light-driven splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a promising technology to provide environmentally friendly energy vectors. Among the current library of developed photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers present unique advantages of sufficient light-absorption efficiency, excellent stability, tunable electronic properties, and economic applicability. As a class of rising photocatalysts, organic conjugated polymers offer high flexibility in tuning the framework of the backbone and porosity to fulfill the requirements for photocatalytic applications. In the past decade, significant progress has been made in visible-light-driven water splitting employing organic conjugated polymers. The recent development of the structural design principles of organic conjugated polymers (including linear, crosslinked, and supramolecular self-assembled polymers) toward efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, and overall water splitting is described, thus providing a comprehensive reference for the field. Finally, current challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Zhao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Jayakumar J, Chou H. Recent Advances in Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water using Polymer Photocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Ho‐Hsiu Chou
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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10
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Rahman MZ, Kibria MG, Mullins CB. Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1887-1931. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00313d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress, challenges and recommended future research related to metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen productionviawater-splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ziaur Rahman
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Md Golam Kibria
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive
- NW Calgary
- Canada
| | - Charles Buddie Mullins
- John J. Mcketta Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
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11
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Meier C, Clowes R, Berardo E, Jelfs KE, Zwijnenburg MA, Sprick RS, Cooper AI. Structurally Diverse Covalent Triazine-Based Framework Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:8830-8838. [PMID: 32063679 PMCID: PMC7011753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A structurally diverse family of 39 covalent triazine-based framework materials (CTFs) are synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation and tested as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts using a high-throughput workflow. The two best-performing CTFs are based on benzonitrile and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone linkers, respectively, with catalytic activities that are among the highest for this material class. The activities of the different CTFs are rationalized in terms of four variables: the predicted electron affinity, the predicted ionization potential, the optical gap, and the dispersibility of the CTFs particles in solution, as measured by optical transmittance. The electron affinity and dispersibility in solution are found to be the best predictors of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
B. Meier
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Rob Clowes
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Enrico Berardo
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Martijn A. Zwijnenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Reiner Sebastian Sprick
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.
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12
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Kochergin YS, Noda Y, Kulkarni R, Škodáková K, Tarábek J, Schmidt J, Bojdys MJ. Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Porous Donor–Acceptor Polymers as Real-Time Optical and Chemical Sensors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yu Noda
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klára Škodáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Huang J, Tarábek J, Kulkarni R, Wang C, Dračínský M, Smales GJ, Tian Y, Ren S, Pauw BR, Resch‐Genger U, Bojdys MJ. A π-Conjugated, Covalent Phosphinine Framework. Chemistry 2019; 25:12342-12348. [PMID: 31322767 PMCID: PMC6790668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Structural modularity of polymer frameworks is a key advantage of covalent organic polymers, however, only C, N, O, Si, and S have found their way into their building blocks so far. Here, the toolbox available to polymer and materials chemists is expanded by one additional nonmetal, phosphorus. Starting with a building block that contains a λ5 -phosphinine (C5 P) moiety, a number of polymerization protocols are evaluated, finally obtaining a π-conjugated, covalent phosphinine-based framework (CPF-1) through Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. CPF-1 is a weakly porous polymer glass (72.4 m2 g-1 BET at 77 K) with green fluorescence (λmax =546 nm) and extremely high thermal stability. The polymer catalyzes hydrogen evolution from water under UV and visible light irradiation without the need for additional co-catalyst at a rate of 33.3 μmol h-1 g-1 . These results demonstrate for the first time the incorporation of the phosphinine motif into a complex polymer framework. Phosphinine-based frameworks show promising electronic and optical properties, which might spark future interest in their applications in light-emitting devices and heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Huang
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard- Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFree University of BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
| | - Glen J. Smales
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Shijie Ren
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Brian R. Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard- Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CASFlemingovo nám. 2166 10PragueCzech Republic
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14
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Lan Z, Zhang G, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang KAI, Wang X. Reducing the Exciton Binding Energy of Donor–Acceptor‐Based Conjugated Polymers to Promote Charge‐Induced Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10236-10240. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
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15
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Lan Z, Zhang G, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang KAI, Wang X. Reducing the Exciton Binding Energy of Donor–Acceptor‐Based Conjugated Polymers to Promote Charge‐Induced Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐An Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Yongfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 P. R. China
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16
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Zang S, Zhang G, Yang P, Zheng D, Wang X. Polymeric Donor-Acceptor Heterostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution without Using Pt Cocatalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:6102-6107. [PMID: 30834604 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric carbon nitride (CN) is a promising material for photocatalytic water splitting. However, CN in its pristine form tends to show moderate activity due to fast recombination of the charge carriers. The design of efficient photocatalytic system is therefore highly desired, but it still remains a great challenge in chemistry. In this work, a pyrene-based polymer able to serve as an electron donor to accelerate the interface charge carrier transfer of CN is presented. The construction of donor-acceptor (D-A) heterojunction was confirmed to significantly restrain the charge recombination and, thus, improve the proton reduction process. This study provides a promising strategy to achieve solar H2 production in an efficient and low-cost manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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17
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Mothika VS, Sutar P, Verma P, Das S, Pati SK, Maji TK. Regulating Charge‐Transfer in Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2019; 25:3867-3874. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Papri Sutar
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Parul Verma
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- Theoretical Sciences Unit (TSU)School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Banglaore 560064 India
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit (TSU)School of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Banglaore 560064 India
| | - Tapas Kumar Maji
- Molecular Materials LaboratoryChemistry and Physics of, Materials UnitSchool of Advanced Materials (SAMat)Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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18
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Zhao Y, Ma W, Xu Y, Zhang C, Wang Q, Yang T, Gao X, Wang F, Yan C, Jiang JX. Effect of Linking Pattern of Dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide-Containing Conjugated Microporous Polymers on the Photocatalytic Performance. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Optoeletronic Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Tongjia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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19
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Kochergin YS, Schwarz D, Acharjya A, Ichangi A, Kulkarni R, Eliášová P, Vacek J, Schmidt J, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Exploring the “Goldilocks Zone” of Semiconducting Polymer Photocatalysts by Donor-Acceptor Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Pavla Eliášová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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20
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Kochergin YS, Schwarz D, Acharjya A, Ichangi A, Kulkarni R, Eliášová P, Vacek J, Schmidt J, Thomas A, Bojdys MJ. Exploring the “Goldilocks Zone” of Semiconducting Polymer Photocatalysts by Donor-Acceptor Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14188-14192. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S. Kochergin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ranjit Kulkarni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Pavla Eliášová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Institute of Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS; Flemingovo nám. 2 166 10 Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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