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Mortis A, Malzacher J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Reactivity of a Neutral Yttrium(III) Trimethyl Complex toward Brønsted and Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401687. [PMID: 38747419 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study corroborates that the neutral tridentate N-ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-triazacyclononane (Me3TACN) qualifies as a versatile platform to study selective ligand exchange with rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes, herein [(Me3TACN)YMe3]. Treatment with Brønsted-acidic bis(dimethylsilyl)amine, HN(SiHMe2)2, gave selectively the mono-exchanged heteroleptic complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2{N(SiHMe2)2}]. Depending on the molecular ratio employed, the reaction of [(Me3TACN)YMe3] with AlMe3 resulted in the isolation/crystallization of [(Me3TACN)YMe2(AlMe4)] [1 : 1] or ion-separated [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][AlMe4] [1 : 2] and [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][Al2Me7] [1 : 3]. Analogous reactions with the heavier group 13 methyls GaMe3 and InMe3 generated mixed methyl/tetramethylgallato complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2(GaMe4)] and ion-separated [{(Me3TACN)YMe2}2{μ-Me}][InMe4]. Finally, dimethylalane, HAlMe2, converted [(Me3TACN)YMe3] into heteroaluminate [(Me3TACN)Y(HAlMe3)3], representing an AlMe3-supported, molecular yttrium trihydride complex. All compounds were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), homo- and heteronuclear (13C, 27Al, 89Y, 115In) NMR as well as IR spectroscopies and elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Malzacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Schädle D, Litlabø R, Meermann-Zimmermann M, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-Earth-Metal Methyl and Methylidene Complexes Stabilized by Tp R,R'-Scorpionato Ligands─Size Matters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9624-9637. [PMID: 38407062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Homoleptic tetramethylaluminates Ln(AlMe4)3 react with KTptBu,Me (TptBu,Me = tris(3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolyl)borato) to yield rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd). The lanthanum reaction is prone to additional C-H- and B-N-bond activation, affording coproducts La[HB(pzMe,tBu)(pzCMe2,Me)2][(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 and [La(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (pztBu,Me = 3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolato). The protonolysis reaction of Ln(AlMe4)3 and HpztBu,Me provides more efficient access to [Ln(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (Ln = La, Nd). Treatment of Ln(AlMe4)3 with KTpMe,Me led to methylidene complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) or bis(tetramethylaluminate) complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(AlMe4)2 (Ln = Y, Lu). The neodymium reaction generated methine derivative (TpMe,Me)Nd[(μ4-CH)(AlMe2)2(μ-pz,Me,Me)][(μ-Me)AlMe2] as a minor coproduct. The reaction of Ln(GaMe4)3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Ho) with HTptBu,Me gave methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)GaMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and alkyl complexes (TptBu,Me)LnMe[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho), while competing B-N bond activation reactions produced GaMe2[BH(Me)(μ-pztBu,Me)2] and (TptBu,Me)Ln(η2-pztBu,Me)[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho). The steric impact of the TpR,Me ligands was examined by cone angle calculations. Rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)EMe2]2 (E = Al, Ga) successfully promote carbonyl methylenation reactions upon addition of ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie Meermann-Zimmermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Li AY. Effects of Electron‐Withdrawing and ‐Donating Substituents in N‐Donor Scorpionate Ligands and the Metal 5
f
/4
f
Orbitals on Am(III)/Eu(III) Complexation and Separation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P.R.China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P.R.China
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P.R.China
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4
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Stevens MP, Spray E, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Singh K, Timmermann VM, Sotorrios L, Ortu F. Structural Investigation of Magnesium Complexes Supported by a Thiopyridyl Scorpionate Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144564. [PMID: 35889437 PMCID: PMC9318590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of heteroleptic magnesium complexes stabilized with the scorpionate ligand tris(2-pyridylthio)methanide (Tptm). The compounds of the general formula [Mg(Tptm)(X)] (1-X; X = Cl, Br, I) were obtained via protonolysis reaction between the proligand and selected Grignard reagents. Attempts to isolate the potassium derivative K(Tptm) lead to decomposition of Tptm and formation of the alkene (C5H4N-S)2C=C(C5H4N-S)2, and this degradation was also modelled using DFT methods. Compound 1-I was treated with K(CH2Ph), affording the degradation product [Mg(Bptm)2] (2; Bptm = {CH(S-C5NH3)2}−). We analyzed and quantified the steric properties of the Tptm ligand using the structural information of the compounds obtained in this study paired with buried volume calculations, also adding the structural data of HTptm and its CF3-substituted congener (HTptmCF3). These studies highlight the highly flexible nature of this ligand scaffold and its ability to stabilize various coordination motifs and geometries, which is a highly desirable feature in the design of novel organometallic reagents and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Stevens
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (M.P.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.); (V.M.T.)
| | - Emily Spray
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (M.P.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.); (V.M.T.)
| | | | - Kuldip Singh
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (M.P.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.); (V.M.T.)
| | - Vanessa M. Timmermann
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (M.P.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.); (V.M.T.)
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (F.O.); Tel.: +44-(0)116-294-4670 (F.O.)
| | - Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (M.P.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.); (V.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (F.O.); Tel.: +44-(0)116-294-4670 (F.O.)
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5
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Wu GL. The crystal structure of tris(4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methane, C13H16N6. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C13H16N6, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 16.097(2) Å, b = 9.8309(13) Å, c = 17.349(2) Å, β = 90°, V = 2745.4(6) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0434, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1302, T = 296(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ling Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities , Duyun 558000 , P. R. China
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6
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. The Dimethylbismuth Cation: Entry Into Dative Bi-Bi Bonding and Unconventional Methyl Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24388-24394. [PMID: 34378855 PMCID: PMC8596701 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of simple, fundamentally important, and highly reactive organometallic compounds remains among the most challenging tasks in synthetic chemistry. The detailed characterization of such compounds is key to the discovery of novel bonding scenarios and reactivity. The dimethylbismuth cation, [BiMe2 (SbF6 )] (1), has been isolated and characterized. Its reaction with BiMe3 gives access to an unprecedented dative bond, a Bi→Bi donor-acceptor interaction. The exchange of methyl groups (arguably the simplest hydrocarbon moiety) between different metal atoms is among the most principal types of reactions in organometallic chemistry. The reaction of 1 with BiMe3 enables an SE 2(back)-type methyl exchange, which is, for the first time, investigated in detail for isolable, (pseudo-)homoleptic main-group compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felix Geist
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany), E-mai
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7
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Ramler J, Fantuzzi F, Geist F, Hanft A, Braunschweig H, Engels B, Lichtenberg C. Das Dimethylbismut‐Kation: Zugang zu dativen Bi‐Bi‐Bindungen und unkonventionellem Methylaustausch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felix Geist
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Anna Hanft
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland), E-mai
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8
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Fang P, Wang L, Zhan G, Yan W, Huo P, Ying A, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Yu G, Huang Y, Gong S, Duan L, Liu Z, Bian Z, Huang C. Lanthanide Cerium(III) Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes: Efficient Blue Emitters for Doublet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45686-45695. [PMID: 34529401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have had commercial success in displays and lighting. Compared to red and green OLEDs, blue OLEDs are still the bottleneck because the high-energy and long-lived triplet exciton in traditional blue OLEDs causes the short operational lifetime of the device. As a new type emitter, lanthanide complexes with a 5d-4f transition could have short excited-state lifetimes on the order of nanoseconds. To achieve a high-efficiency 5d-4f transition, we systematically tuned the steric and electronic effects of tripodal tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands and drew a full picture of their Ce(III) complexes. Intriguingly, all of these complexes show bright blue emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 95% and short decay lifetimes of 35-73 ns both in the solid powder and in dichloromethane solutions. Using the Ce(III) complex emitter, we show a blue OLED with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 14.1% and a maximum luminance of 33,160 cd m-2, and the specific electroluminescence mechanism of direct exciton formation on the Ce(III) ion with a near-unity exciton utilization efficiency is also confirmed. The discovered photoluminescence and electroluminescence property-structure relationships may shed new light on the rational design of highly efficient lanthanide-based blue emitters and their optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liding Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ge Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenchao Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peihao Huo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ao Ying
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zuqiang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Cabrera‐Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Understanding the C−F Bond Activation Mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Crucial Role of Non‐covalent Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:3823-3831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera‐Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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10
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Comparative X-ray, vibrational, theoretical and biological studies of new in situ formed [CoLSX]2[CdX4] halogenocadmate(II) complexes containing N-scorpionate ligand. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Birkelbach VM, Thim R, Stuhl C, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Potential Precursors for Terminal Methylidene Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Supported by a Superbulky Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand. Chemistry 2019; 25:14711-14720. [PMID: 31490590 PMCID: PMC7687121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of solvent-free heteroleptic terminal rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes stabilized by a superbulky tris(pyrazolyl)borato ligand with the general formula [TptBu,Me LnMeR] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Treatment of the heterobimetallic mixed methyl/tetramethylaluminate compounds [TptBu,Me LnMe(AlMe4 )] (Ln=Y, Lu) with two equivalents of the mild halogenido transfer reagents SiMe3 X (X=Cl, I) gave [TptBu,Me LnX2 ] in high yields. The addition of only one equivalent of SiMe3 Cl to [TptBu,Me LuMe(AlMe4 )] selectively afforded the desired mixed methyl/chloride complex [TptBu,Me LuMeCl]. Further reactivity studies of [TptBu,Me LuMeCl] with LiR or KR (R=CH2 Ph, CH2 SiMe3 ) through salt metathesis led to the monomeric mixed-alkyl derivatives [TptBu,Me LuMe(CH2 SiMe3 )] and [TptBu,Me LuMe(CH2 Ph)], respectively, in good yields. The SiMe4 elimination protocols were also applicable when using SiMe3 X featuring more weakly coordinating moieties (here X=OTf, NTf2 ). X-ray structure analyses of this diverse set of new [TptBu,Me LnMeR/X] compounds were performed to reveal any electronic and steric effects of the varying monoanionic ligands R and X, including exact cone-angle calculations of the tridentate tris(pyrazolyl)borato ligand. Deeper insights into the reactivity of these potential precursors for terminal alkylidene rare-earth-metal complexes were gained through NMR spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Birkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Renita Thim
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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12
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Birkelbach VM, Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl Aryloxy Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Stabilized by a Superbulky Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Birkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Wolf BM, Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Calcium Tetraalkylaluminate and Tetramethylgallate Complexes Supported by the Bulky Scorpionate Ligand TptBu,Me. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Silva VLM, Silva AMS, Claramunt RM, Sanz D, Infantes L, Martínez-López Á, Reviriego F, Alkorta I, Elguero J. An Example of Polynomial Expansion: The Reaction of 3(5)-Methyl-1 H-Pyrazole with Chloroform and Characterization of the Four Isomers. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030568. [PMID: 30720743 PMCID: PMC6384863 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction in phase-transfer catalyzed conditions of 3(5)-methyl-1H-pyrazole with chloroform affords four isomers 333, 335, 355 and 555 in proportions corresponding to the polynomial expansion (a + b)3, with a = 0.6 and b = 0.4, a and b being 3-methyl and 5-methyl proportions. The up (u) and down (d) conformation of the pyrazolyl rings with regard to the Csp3–H atom was established by X-ray crystallography and by 1H-, 13C- and 15N-NMR in solution combined with gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO)/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. A comparison with other X-ray structures of tris-pyrazolylmethanes was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L M Silva
- Chemistry Department and QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Chemistry Department and QOPNA and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lourdes Infantes
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela Martínez-López
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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