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Shen X, Ke X, Li T, Sun C, Duan X. Generation, control, and application of stable bubbles in a hypersonic acoustic system. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4450-4460. [PMID: 39206785 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bubble-based microfluidics has been applied in many fields. However, there remains a need for a facile and flexible method for stable bubble generation and control in a microchannel. This paper reports a hypersonic acoustic system that can generate and release functional stable bubbles in a microchannel in an on-demand manner. It was found that the hypersonic frequency in this system played a vital role in the generation and control of bubbles. Specifically, a nanostructurally enhanced acoustic resonator was used to generate highly localized ultrahigh-frequency acoustic waves that ensured the feasibility and rapidity of bubble generation. Simultaneously, the acoustothermal effect of hypersound was harnessed to effectuate precise control over the bubble size. In addition, high-throughput droplet splitting was performed to confirm the stability of bubbles and their functionality in micromanipulation. The results showed that a mother droplet could be split controllably into a desired number of daughter droplets with specific volume ratios. In summary, the hypersonic acoustic system was demonstrated to be capable of on-demand-generation of stable bubbles in a microfluidic context and thus may extend the bubble-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xianwu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Tiechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, School of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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2
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Kudryavtseva V, Sukhorukov GB. Features of Anisotropic Drug Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307675. [PMID: 38158786 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural materials are anisotropic. Delivery systems occurring in nature, such as viruses, blood cells, pollen, and many others, do have anisotropy, while delivery systems made artificially are mostly isotropic. There is apparent complexity in engineering anisotropic particles or capsules with micron and submicron sizes. Nevertheless, some promising examples of how to fabricate particles with anisotropic shapes or having anisotropic chemical and/or physical properties are developed. Anisotropy of particles, once they face biological systems, influences their behavior. Internalization by the cells, flow in the bloodstream, biodistribution over organs and tissues, directed release, and toxicity of particles regardless of the same chemistry are all reported to be factors of anisotropy of delivery systems. Here, the current methods are reviewed to introduce anisotropy to particles or capsules, including loading with various therapeutic cargo, variable physical properties primarily by anisotropic magnetic properties, controlling directional motion, and making Janus particles. The advantages of combining different anisotropy in one entity for delivery and common problems and limitations for fabrication are under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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3
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Jin J, Li Y, Wang S, Xie J, Yan X. Organic nanomotors: emerging versatile nanobots. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2789-2804. [PMID: 38231523 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05995b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Artificial nanomotors are self-propelled nanometer-scaled machines that are capable of converting external energy into mechanical motion. A significant progress on artificial nanomotors over the last decades has unlocked the potential of carrying out manipulatable transport and cargo delivery missions with enhanced efficiencies owing to their stimulus-responsive autonomous movement in various complex environments, allowing for future advances in a large range of applications. Emergent kinetic systems with programmable energy-converting mechanisms that are capable of powering the nanomotors are attracting increasing attention. This review highlights the most-recent representative examples of synthetic organic nanomotors having self-propelled motion exclusively powered by organic molecule- or their aggregate-based kinetic systems. The stimulus-responsive propulsion mechanism, motion behaviors, and performance in antitumor therapy of organic nanomotors developed so far are illustrated. A future perspective on the development of organic nanomotors is also proposed. With continuous innovation, it is believed that the scope and possible achievements in practical applications of organic nanomotors with diversified organic kinetic systems will expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjun Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Jianchun Xie
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xibo Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Han Y, Kim H. Fabrication of Versatile Janus Microparticles through Geometry and Surface Chemistry Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13695-13704. [PMID: 37708347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus particles typically comprise two distinct hemispheres with spatially dispersed physicochemical properties. The anisotropic structure and physicochemical properties of Janus particles can be exploited for various applications. However, their preparation typically requires complex and sophisticated processes and expensive equipment to control the formation of different structures and chemical compositions. Herein, a simple synthetic approach for the facile fabrication of versatile Janus particles with efficient control of the Janus ratio and wettability based on particle fixation at a three-phase interface and photopolymerization is reported. Agarose gel and surfactant are used to control the surface-coated boundaries of the Janus particles through the equilibrium of a floating microparticle at the fluid interface. poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) coating on polystyrene-based microparticles allows easy control of the chemical functionality of the particle surfaces. Depending on the particle morphology and wettability, the interfacial behavior between two immiscible liquids can be adjusted, which allows the stabilization of Pickering emulsions that encapsulate independent oil droplets in water or vice versa. This facile approach has the potential to enable more efficient mass production of Janus particles and their use in various applications, such as biomedical and environmental engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Karadkar S, Tiwari A, Chaskar AC. Recent advancements in Janus nanoparticle-based biosensing platforms. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022; 13:93-115. [PMID: 36438713 PMCID: PMC9676883 DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have aided in the development of nano-based sensors for diagnostic applications. However, use of nanoparticles in the development of sensing devices for multiple analyte detection is constrained due to their inability to detect several analytes with a single type of nanoparticle. The term "Janus particle" refers to micro or nanoscale particles that have been divided into sections or compartments, each of which has a distinct set of chemical or physical properties, producing multifunctional particles endowed with distinctive qualities. Furthermore, Janus particles have the ability to perform multiple functions within a single particle at the same time, with no interference from adjacent sections. This review focuses on the use of Janus particles in the fabrication of biosensors as well as in the investigation of various properties endowed by these Janus particles for their use as biosensors. It also discusses the various types of Janus particle-based biosensors that are currently available. Finally, the limitations of Janus particles in sensor technologies and their future scope have been discussed. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Srushti Karadkar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishekh Tiwari
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Atul Changdev Chaskar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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Vafaeezadeh M, Thiel WR. Task-Specific Janus Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206403. [PMID: 35670287 PMCID: PMC9804448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Janus materials are anisotropic nano- and microarchitectures with two different faces consisting of distinguishable or opposite physicochemical properties. In parallel with the discovery of new methods for the fabrication of these materials, decisive progress has been made in their application, for example, in biological science, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and, more recently, in battery technology. This Minireview systematically covers recent and significant achievements in the application of task-specific Janus nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts in various types of chemical reactions, including reduction, oxidative desulfurization and dye degradation, asymmetric catalysis, biomass transformation, cascade reactions, oxidation, transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, electro- and photocatalytic reactions, as well as gas-phase reactions. Finally, an outlook on possible future applications is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Vafaeezadeh
- Fachbereich ChemieTechnische Universität KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 5467663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Fachbereich ChemieTechnische Universität KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 5467663KaiserslauternGermany
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Synthesis of Candida Antarctica Lipase B (CALB) enzyme-powered magnetite nanomotor based on PCL/Chitosan Janus nanostructure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12758. [PMID: 35882890 PMCID: PMC9325781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the design and synthesis of internal energy-driven Janus nanomotors (JNMs), which are composed of certain reactive materials that are capable of converting chemical energy in the backbone of nanomotors into kinetic energy. For this purpose, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with the anisotropic surface were obtained via a Pickering emulsion. Modified chitosan (as hydrophilic polymer) and functionalized polycaprolactone (as hydrophobic domain) were covalently linked to the surface of bi-functional SPIONs to produce Janus nanoparticles (JNPs). Then, the CALB enzyme was loaded in the PCL hemisphere of JNPs to form the Janus nanomotor. When nanomotors are placed in the phosphate-buffered saline solution, the driving force for motion is provided by the decomposition of polyester into monomers and oligomers on one side of the JNMs. The trajectories of the nanomotors were recorded under different circumstances by a video microscope and analyzed by the mean squared displacement. The results show that the velocity of JNMs increases with an increasing percentage of the loaded enzyme. In addition, the diffusion coefficient enhances up to 87.67% in compared with nanoparticles without enzyme. Controlling the motion direction of JNMs by an external magnetic field is also possible, due to the presence of SPIONs.
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Vafaeezadeh M, Thiel WR. Task‐Specific Janus Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Vafaeezadeh
- Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Chemistry Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Kaiserslautern University of Technology: Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern Chemistry Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 54 67663 Kaiserslautern GERMANY
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Yang Y, Hu K, Zhang P, Zhou P, Duan X, Sun H, Wang S. Manganese-Based Micro/Nanomotors: Synthesis, Motion, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100927. [PMID: 34318613 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As emerging micro/nano-scale devices, micro/nanomotors have been innovatively applied in the environmental and biomedical applications. In this paper, the recent advances of Mn-based micro/nanomotors (Mn-micro/nanomotors) in catalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and the mechanisms in decomposition of H2 O2 (e.g., the generation of O2 bubbles and reactive oxygen species) are reviewed. The intrinsic characteristics and synthetic strategies of Mn-based materials are discussed, aiming to gain comprehensive understandings on the asymmetric design of micro/nanomotors. Mn-micro/nanomotors have many advantages such as flexible structures, biocompatibility, powerful motion, long lifetime, and low-cost as compared to noble-metal micro/nanomotors. These merits fulfil Mn-micro/nanomotors great promises from proof-of-concept studies to realistic applications, including pollutant decomposition, trace detection of heavy metal ions, oil removal, drug delivery, isolation of biological targets, and killing bacteria and cancer cells. The great flexibility in fabrication enables diverse and innovative strategies to address challenges for Mn-micro/nanomotors, including high consumption of H2 O2 and non-directional motion. Meanwhile, a perspective of Mn-micro/nanomotors in water remediation by coupling the motors with other Fenton/Fenton-like systems to enhance the catalytic activity and to yield more reactive oxygen species is presented. Directions to the design of on-demand H2 O2 -fueled Mn-micro/nanomotors for advanced purification of organic contaminants in aquatic systems are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kunsheng Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Panpan Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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Jurado-Sánchez B, Campuzano S, Pingarrón JM, Escarpa A. Janus particles and motors: unrivaled devices for mastering (bio)sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:416. [PMID: 34757512 PMCID: PMC8579181 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Janus particles are a unique type of materials combining two different functionalities in a single unit. This allows the combination of different analytical properties leading to new analytical capabilities, i.e., enhanced fluid mixing to increase sensitivity with targeting capturing abilities and unique advantages in terms of multi-functionality and versatility of modification, use, and operation both in static and dynamic modes. The aim of this conceptual review is to cover recent (over the last 5 years) advances in the use of Janus microparticles and micromotors in (bio)-sensing. First, the role of different materials and synthetic routes in the performance of Janus particles are described. In a second main section, electrochemical and optical biosensing based on Janus particles and motors are covered, including in vivo and in vitro methodologies as the next biosensing generation. Current challenges and future perspectives are provided in the conclusions section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
- Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares E-28871, Madrid, Spain.
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Naeem S, Naeem F, Mujtaba J, Shukla AK, Mitra S, Huang G, Gulina L, Rudakovskaya P, Cui J, Tolstoy V, Gorin D, Mei Y, Solovev AA, Dey KK. Oxygen Generation Using Catalytic Nano/Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1251. [PMID: 34683302 PMCID: PMC8541545 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous oxygen plays a vital role in driving the metabolism of living organisms and has multiple agricultural, medical, and technological applications. Different methods have been discovered to produce oxygen, including plants, oxygen concentrators and catalytic reactions. However, many such approaches are relatively expensive, involve challenges, complexities in post-production processes or generate undesired reaction products. Catalytic oxygen generation using hydrogen peroxide is one of the simplest and cleanest methods to produce oxygen in the required quantities. Chemically powered micro/nanomotors, capable of self-propulsion in liquid media, offer convenient and economic platforms for on-the-fly generation of gaseous oxygen on demand. Micromotors have opened up opportunities for controlled oxygen generation and transport under complex conditions, critical medical diagnostics and therapy. Mobile oxygen micro-carriers help better understand the energy transduction efficiencies of micro/nanoscopic active matter by careful selection of catalytic materials, fuel compositions and concentrations, catalyst surface curvatures and catalytic particle size, which opens avenues for controllable oxygen release on the level of a single catalytic microreactor. This review discusses various micro/nanomotor systems capable of functioning as mobile oxygen generators while highlighting their features, efficiencies and application potentials in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayyah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Farah Naeem
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Larisa Gulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Polina Rudakovskaya
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Jizhai Cui
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Valeri Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.G.); (V.T.)
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Center of Photonics & Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str., 121205 Moscow, Russia; (P.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (S.N.); (F.N.); (J.M.); (G.H.); (J.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj 382355, Gujarat, India; (A.K.S.); (S.M.)
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Khoee S, Moayeri S, Charsooghi MA. Self-/Magnetic-Propelled Catalytic Nanomotors Based on a Janus SPION@PEG-Pt/PCL Hybrid Nanoarchitecture: Single-Particle versus Collective Motions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10668-10682. [PMID: 34459607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (Fe3O4@APTES). The synthesized NPs were coated with succinic anhydride (Fe3O4@COOH) in the next step. Half the surface of the NPs was shielded with wax microparticles via the Pickering emulsion technique, and the unshielded side was covered with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited between PEG chains by the oxidation-reduction method through an in situ procedure to obtain a metal-polymer composite. These deposited Pt NPs have the potential to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the surface of Janus nanomotors (JNMs). After de-waxing of the NPs, Irgacure 2959 (as the initiator) was reacted with the bare side of the NPs to provide the opportunity to grow poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains on the surface of the nanomotors through the "grafting from" method. The diffusion coefficient and velocity of the JNMs (before and after the PCL reaction) in the aqueous solution of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 5, and 10% (w/v)) were investigated by mean square displacement analysis for single-particle or collective motions of JNMs. In addition, the simultaneous effect of an external magnetic field and the NaCl concentration on the movement direction of JNMs was also evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10%). Increasing the ionic strength through NaCl addition permits the JNMs to move with relatively lower amounts of fuel [i.e., 2% (w/w)]. The collective motion investigation of the JNMs showed the highest speed in the media with 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and 5% (w/v) NaCl solution (about 1215.78 μm2/s) due to the surfactant effect of the Janus architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Samaneh Moayeri
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Charsooghi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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Ou J, Tian H, Wu J, Gao J, Jiang J, Liu K, Wang S, Wang F, Tong F, Ye Y, Liu L, Chen B, Ma X, Chen X, Peng F, Tu Y. MnO 2-Based Nanomotors with Active Fenton-like Mn 2+ Delivery for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38050-38060. [PMID: 34369138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment based on Fenton chemistry, which can convert endogenous H2O2 into toxic ·OH. However, the limited endocytosis of passive CDT nanoagents with low penetrating capability resulted in unsatisfactory anticancer efficacy. Herein, we propose the successful fabrication of a self-propelled biodegradable nanomotor system based on hollow MnO2 nanoparticles with catalytic activity for active Fenton-like Mn2+ delivery and enhanced CDT. Compared with the passive counterparts, the significantly improved penetration of nanomotors with enhanced diffusion is demonstrated in both the 2D cell culture system and 3D tumor multicellular spheroids. After the intracellular uptake of nanomotors, toxic Fenton-like Mn2+ is massively produced by consuming overexpressed intracellular glutathione (GSH), which has a strong scavenging effect on ·OH, thereby leading to enhanced cancer CDT. The as-developed MnO2-based nanomotor system with enhanced penetration and endogenous GSH scavenging capability shows much promise as a potential platform for cancer treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanfeng Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Juanyan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junbin Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiamiao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yicheng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuncai Chen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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14
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Verma B, Gumfekar SP, Sabapathy M. A critical review on micro‐ and nanomotors: Application towards wastewater treatment. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India
| | - Sarang P. Gumfekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Ropar India
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15
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Correia EL, Brown N, Razavi S. Janus Particles at Fluid Interfaces: Stability and Interfacial Rheology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:374. [PMID: 33540620 PMCID: PMC7913064 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of the Janus motif in colloidal particles, i.e., anisotropic surface properties on opposite faces, has gained significant attention in the bottom-up assembly of novel functional structures, design of active nanomotors, biological sensing and imaging, and polymer blend compatibilization. This review is focused on the behavior of Janus particles in interfacial systems, such as particle-stabilized (i.e., Pickering) emulsions and foams, where stabilization is achieved through the binding of particles to fluid interfaces. In many such applications, the interface could be subjected to deformations, producing compression and shear stresses. Besides the physicochemical properties of the particle, their behavior under flow will also impact the performance of the resulting system. This review article provides a synopsis of interfacial stability and rheology in particle-laden interfaces to highlight the role of the Janus motif, and how particle anisotropy affects interfacial mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sepideh Razavi
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.B.)
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16
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Subjakova V, Oravczova V, Hianik T. Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanomotors Modified by DNA/RNA Aptamers and Antibodies in Targeted Therapy of Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:341. [PMID: 33494545 PMCID: PMC7866063 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are novel nanostructures that are of increased interest especially in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. These structures are modified by antibodies or nucleic acid aptamers and can recognize the cancer markers at the membrane of the cancer cells or in the intracellular side. They can serve as a cargo for targeted transport of drugs or nucleic acids in chemo- immuno- or gene therapy. The various mechanisms, such as enzyme, ultrasound, magnetic, electrical, or light, served as a driving force for nano/micromotors, allowing their transport into the cells. This review is focused on the recent achievements in the development of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors modified by antibodies and nucleic acid aptamers. The methods of preparation of polymer nanoparticles, their structure and properties are provided together with those for synthesis and the application of nano/micromotors. The various mechanisms of the driving of nano/micromotors such as chemical, light, ultrasound, electric and magnetic fields are explained. The targeting drug delivery is based on the modification of nanostructures by receptors such as nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. Special focus is therefore on the method of selection aptamers for recognition cancer markers as well as on the comparison of the properties of nucleic acid aptamers and antibodies. The methods of immobilization of aptamers at the nanoparticles and nano/micromotors are provided. Examples of applications of polymer nanoparticles and nano/micromotors in targeted delivery and in controlled drug release are presented. The future perspectives of biomimetic nanostructures in personalized nanomedicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tibor Hianik
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.S.); (V.O.)
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17
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Loukanov A. Light-triggered Janus nanomotor for targeting and photothermal lysis of pathogenic bacteria. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:967-975. [PMID: 33247480 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid photothermal lysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 treated with light-triggered Janus nanomotors was visualized by Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscopy (HDC-TEM). The extraordinary advantage of this high-resolution microscopic technique was that it revealed the detailed ultrastructure alterations of the treated cells at a state close to their native one. The micrographs demonstrated that Janus nanomotors (mesoporous silica nanoparticles with gold hemisphere and half-capped with cysteamine) were able to target and bind to the pathogenic E. coli. The biorecognition reaction proceeded at slightly acid pH thankful to the formed electrostatic adhesion between positively charged amino groups on nanoparticles surface and the negatively charged cell envelope. The exposure of labeled cells to near infrared laser irradiation leaded to occurrence of effective photothermal damage of their plasma membranes, which was enough strong to lyse bacteria. It was because of the overheating obtained by the photon-to-thermal conversion reaction generated by the surface plasmon resonance response of Janus nanomotors. The good efficiency of photothermal lysis to inactivate E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed by staining with LIVE/DEAD viability kit and quantification of the few survived cells in epifluorescence microscope. Furthermore, HDC-TEM images of ice-embedded inhibited bacteria documented the labeling, membrane disruptions and lysis due to the designed operation of Janus nanomotors. The reported microscopic technique provides a novel strategy for developing of Janus nanomachines as promising platform for nondrug treatment and defeating of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Loukanov
- Division of Strategic Research and Development, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan.,Laboratory of Engineering NanoBiotechnology, Department of Engineering Geoecology, University of Mining and Geology "St. Ivan Rilski", Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Greydanus B, Schwartz DK, Medlin JW. Controlling Catalyst-Phase Selectivity in Complex Mixtures with Amphiphilic Janus Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:2338-2345. [PMID: 31851487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic Janus particles with a catalyst selectively loaded on either the hydrophobic or hydrophilic region are promising candidates for efficient and phase-selective interfacial catalysis. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of Janus silica particles with a hydrophilic silica domain and a silane-modified hydrophobic domain produced via a wax masking technique. Palladium nanoparticles were regioselectively deposited on the hydrophobic side, and the phase selectivity of the catalytic Janus particles was established through the kinetic studies of benzyl alcohol hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). These studies indicated that the hydrophobic moiety provided nearly 100× the catalytic activity as the hydrophilic side for benzyl alcohol HDO. The reactivity was linked to the anisotropic catalyst design through microscopy of the particles. The catalysts were also used to achieve phase-specific compartmentalized hydrogenation and selective in situ catalytic degradation of a model oily pollutant in a complex oil/water mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Greydanus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Colorado, Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Colorado, Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - J Will Medlin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Colorado, Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhu H, Liu J, Solovev A, Mei Y. Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020. [PMID: 32728669 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7659749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexander Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Lin X, Xu B, Zhu H, Liu J, Solovev A, Mei Y. Requirement and Development of Hydrogel Micromotors towards Biomedical Applications. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:7659749. [PMID: 32728669 PMCID: PMC7368969 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7659749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With controllable size, biocompatibility, porosity, injectability, responsivity, diffusion time, reaction, separation, permeation, and release of molecular species, hydrogel microparticles achieve multiple advantages over bulk hydrogels for specific biomedical procedures. Moreover, so far studies mostly concentrate on local responses of hydrogels to chemical and/or external stimuli, which significantly limit the scope of their applications. Tetherless micromotors are autonomous microdevices capable of converting local chemical energy or the energy of external fields into motive forces for self-propelled or externally powered/controlled motion. If hydrogels can be integrated with micromotors, their applicability can be significantly extended and can lead to fully controllable responsive chemomechanical biomicromachines. However, to achieve these challenging goals, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and motive mechanisms of hydrogel micromotors need to be simultaneously integrated. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of micromotors and hydrogels and proposes next steps required for the development of hydrogel micromotors, which become increasingly important for in vivo and in vitro bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Borui Xu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Alexander Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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